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<span class="easy-breadcrumb_segment-separator"> » </span> <span itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"> <span itemscope itemprop="item" itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing" itemid="#2"> <span class="easy-breadcrumb_segment easy-breadcrumb_segment-title" itemprop="name">Brazil</span> </span> <meta itemprop="position" content="2" /> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> </div> <div id="page"> <div id="main"> <div id="left-content"> <div id="content" class="column" role="main"> <a id="main-content"></a> <article class="node-764743 node node-wikifleet view-mode-full view-mode-full clearfix" about="/en/wikifleet/brazil-0" typeof="sioc:Item foaf:Document" data-uid="44" data-contentGroup1="auteur-Caroline-Thonnon"> <header> <span property="dc:title" content="Brazil" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span> </header> <header class="group-wiki-header field-group-html5"><div class="field field-name-field-image field-type-image field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><img typeof="foaf:Image" src="https://www.globalfleet.com/sites/default/files/styles/uc_thumbnail/public/wiki_brazil.jpg?itok=FSi1ZMIi" width="35" height="25" alt="" /></div> </div><div class="field field-name-title-field field-type-text field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><h1>Brazil</h1> </div> </div><em class="last-update">Last modification: 2 Nov 23</em><div class="wikifleet-navigation"><select class="chapter-selector" name="chapters"><option value="_none">Chapters</option><option value="#group-chapter-one">Chapter 1: Economic and business environment</option><option value="#group-chapter-two">Chapter 2 : Automotive market, segments & sales</option><option value="#group-chapter-three">Chapter 3: Company car market</option><option value="#group-chapter-four">Chapter 4: Taxation & legislation</option><option value="#group-chapter-five">Chapter 5: Car policies</option><option value="#group-chapter-six">Chapter 6: Funding methods</option><option value="#group-chapter-seven">Chapter 7: Fuel</option><option value="#group-chapter-height">Chapter 8 : TCO components</option><option value="#group-chapter-nine">Chapter 9: Safety, insurance and telematics</option><option value="#group-chapter-ten">Chapter 10: Environment</option><option value="#group-chapter-eleven">Chapter 11: Mobility</option><option value="#group-chapter-twelve">Chapter 12: Key trends to watch</option></select></div></header><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-above "> <div class="field-label">Introduction: </div> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0" property="content:encoded"> <p>By far the largest and most populated country in South America, Brazil is a key player in terms of industry, especially so for agriculture. Having successfully weathered a period of global financial difficulty in the late 20th century, Brazil was seen as one of the world’s strongest emerging markets and a contributor to global growth.</p> <p>More recently, after passing through the COVID-19 pandemic under President Jair Messaias Bosonaro (PSL party),  Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (Lula) of the PT workers party was sworn in as president (for the third time) on 1 January 2023 for a four-year term.</p> <p>In terms of vehicle fleet, Brazil is home to more than 71 million light vehicles, the largest in Latin America.</p> <p>Thank you to contributors to the Brazil WikiFleet page: <a href="https://www.globalfleet.com/en/company/bdo-belastingconsulenten" target="_blank">BDO</a>, Move.on, among others.</p> <p> </p> <p>, </p> </div> </div> <div class="group-chapter-one-items field-group-accordion field-group-accordion-wrapper effect-none" id="group-chapter-one"><h3 class="field-group-format-toggler accordion-item"><a href="#">Chapter 1: Economic and business environment</a></h3> <div class="field-group-format-wrapper "><div class="field-group-table group_chapter_one_table form-wrapper form-group" id=""><div id="" class="field-group-table group_chapter_one_table "> <table class="field-group-format group_chapter_one_table table table-striped"> <tbody> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Demographics</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-demographics field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>population 215 million (2022)<br /> up 1% year-over-year<br /> <br /> source: Worldometers</p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Capital</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-capital field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>Brasilia<br /> 2022 population 4.8 million (up 1.6% year-over-year)<br /> <br /> source: macrotrends.net</p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Major cities</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-major-cities field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>Sao Paulo (population 12 million)<br /> Rio de Janeiro (6.5mn)<br /> Brasilia (2.98mn)<br /> Salvador (2.94mn)<br /> Fortaleza (2.61mn)</p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Languages</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-languages field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>Portuguese</p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">GDP</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-gdp field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>2022 (Nominal)<br /> approximately US$1.64 trillion (= 2% year-over-year)<br /> per capita: US$7,628 (non adjusted)</p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Unemployment rate</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-unemployment-rate field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>8.1% (November 2022)<br /> <br /> Source: Trading Economics</p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Main industries</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-main-industries field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>petroleum, steel, iron and chemical production, auto assembly, mining and processing of petroleum products, cement manufacture, agriculture, and tech industries</p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Currency</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-currency field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>Brazilian real (BRL)</p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Interest rate</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-interest-rate field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>13.75% (February, 2023)</p> <p><span style="text-align: left;float: none;">Source: Trading Economics</span></p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Fleet Maturity Index (scaling)</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-fleet-maturity field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>Approximately 76% of multinational companies in Brazil offer company's cars to some of their employees.<br /> <br /> Impacted by fallout from the Coronavirus pandemic, Brazil's automobile production took a hard hit in the <span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>second quarter of 2020 but reached near normal levels in the second semester of the year. Overall, production droppped 32% in 2020 to just over 2 million, being 1.6mn passenger cars and 405,185 commercial vehicles. (source: OICA) </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span>As for 2021, overall </span></span></span></span></span>vehicle production rose 11.6% year-over-year to 2.25 million units. Regarding automobiles and light commercial vehicles (LCV) in specific, production was up 8.7% to 2.07 million, says Anfavea. As for 2022, Anfavea estimates that overall vehicle production and sales will increase 9.4%<br /> <br /> <span><span><span><span><span><strong>Ford Exit</strong></span></span></span></span></span><br /> <span><span><span><span><span><span><span>After more than 100 years in the country, Ford will cease the production of its current models, being the Ka (subcompact hatch), Ecosport (compact SUV), and its T4 4x4 utility which is made by its subsidiary Troller. The production of parts, however, will remain in-tact to ensure spare components availability.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Political key info</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-political-key-info field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><ul> <li>Governance: federal presidential constitutional republic</li> <li>Eighth-largest economy in the world</li> <li>Produces half the GDP of South America</li> <li>91st most attractive country in the world to invest</li> <li>Presidential Representative Democratic Republic</li> <li>Brazil is made up of 26 states and a Federal District. The president, state governors, house representatives, and senators are elected by popular vote for a period of four years.</li> <li>The current president (2023-2026) is Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (Lula) of the PT workers party.</li> </ul> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Inflation</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-inflation field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>5.8% (January 2023)</p> <p><span style="text-align: left;float: none;">Source: Trading Economics</span></p> </div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></div></div></div><div class="group-chapter-two-items field-group-accordion-wrapper effect-none" id="group-chapter-two"><h3 class="field-group-format-toggler accordion-item"><a href="#">Chapter 2 : Automotive market, segments & sales</a></h3> <div class="field-group-format-wrapper "><div class="field-group-table group_chapter_two_table group-chapter-two-table field-group-table form-wrapper form-group" id=""><div id="" class="field-group-table group_chapter_two_table group-chapter-two-table field-group-table"> <table class="field-group-format group_chapter_two_table table table-striped"> <tbody> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Total Car park</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-total-car-park field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>2022<br /> <br /> 72.3 million cars and light commercial vehicles (LCV) one in every three inhabitants</p> <ul> <li><span style="text-align: left;float: none;">62</span><span style="text-align: left;float: none;">.3 million cars (</span><span style="text-align: left;float: none;">average age, 17.2 years) one in every 3.5 inhabitants</span></li> <li><span style="text-align: left;float: none;">10 million light commercial vehicles (average age 16 years)</span></li> </ul> <p><em>source: Fenabrave </em><br /> <br /> <em>Approximately 126,000 electrified (hybrid, BEV, & PHEV) vehicles (cars & LCVs) were on roads in 2022. </em></p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">New vehicle registrations (Cars, LCV, Trucks)</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-new-vehicle-registrations field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>2022</p> <ul> <li>A total of 3.67 million new vehicles were licensed (cars, LCVs, trucks, buses, motorcycles ), up 4.88% year-over-year. </li> <li>During the year, 1.58 million passenger cars were sold (+1.22%) and 380,739 LCVs (-8.58%).</li> </ul> <p><i>Source: Fenabrave</i></p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Top 5 brands (total market)</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-top-5-brands-total-market field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>2022 sales (automobiles and LCVs)</p> <p>1. Fiat (430,202)<br /> 2. Chevrolet (291,418)<br /> 3. Volkswagen (269,111)<br /> 4. Toyota (191,291)<br /> 5. Hyndai (187,809)</p> <p>source: Fenabrave</p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Model preference top 5 (total market)</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-model-preference-top field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>2022 passenger cars & LCVs* sold<br /> <br /> 1. *<span><span><span>Fiat Strada: 112,456 units </span></span></span><br /> 2. <span><span><span>Hyundai HB20: 85,252 units     </span></span></span><br /> 3. GM [Chevrolet] Onix: 85,252 units<br /> 4. GM [Chevrolet] Onix Plus: 75,253 units<br /> 5. Fiat Mobi<span><span><span>: 72,756 units       </span></span></span><br /> <br /> source: Fenabrave</p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Dealer network (including fleet dealer network)</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-dealer-network-including field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>While OEM-linked dealers are reliable for vehicle service and maintenance, the same cannot be said for third-party providers – at least not across the entire country.<br /> <br /> In 2018, a total of 6,967 Fenabrave associated dealerships were spread out throughout the country, mainly located in the South and Southeast. A vast majority of them are located in the state of São Paulo (1,647 dealerships), followed by Minas Gerais with 708), Rio Grande do Sul (658), Parana (544), and Santa Catarina (516).</p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Used car market/renewal cycle</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-used-car-market field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><ul> <li>15.1mn used vehicles  (cars, LCVs, trucks, buses, and motorcles) were sold in 2021, compared to 3.5mn new</li> <li>Of this, 9.58mn are cars and 1.67mn are LCVs.</li> <li>Overall sales was up 18.6% year-over-year, being cars up 18.2% and LCV up 23%</li> </ul> <p><em>Source: Fenabrave</em></p> <ul> <li>While new-vehicle sales have declined due to lacks in raw materials and parts which is impacting vehicle production in the 2021-2022 period, used-vehicle sales have remained very robust.</li> <li>On average, small vehicles depreciate 10% after the first year, larger vehicles (including SUVs) about 26% after the first year.</li> </ul> </div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></div></div></div><div class="group-chapter-three-items field-group-accordion-wrapper effect-none" id="group-chapter-three"><h3 class="field-group-format-toggler accordion-item"><a href="#">Chapter 3: Company car market</a></h3> <div class="field-group-format-wrapper "><div class="field-group-table group_chapter_three_table group-chapter-three-table field-group-table form-wrapper form-group" id=""><div id="" class="field-group-table group_chapter_three_table group-chapter-three-table field-group-table"> <table class="field-group-format group_chapter_three_table table table-striped"> <tbody> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Total Fleet Park (company cars)/Fleet penetration in total fleet sales</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-total-fleet-park field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>2021<br /> <br /> Considering that some 18% of Brazil's fleet is corporate (12% LCVs and 6% automobiles), the country's corporate car park should be approximately 13 million. <br /> <br /> Approximately 6% of these (600,000) are leased/rented.<br /> <br /> In Brazil, approximately 76% of the multinational companies in the country offer company cars or vehicle benefits for employees, according to a 2020 Global Fleet study done in partnership with Willis Towers Watson.</p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Evolution fleet sales (last 5 years)</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-evolution-fleet-sales field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Sales of LCV's in 2021</strong> increased 24.2% to 416,473 units (source: Fenabrave)</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>light and heavy commercial vehicle sales </strong>(source: OICA)<br /> 2021: 561,384 units<br /> 2020: 442,495 units<br /> 2019: 525,777 units<br /> 2018: 464,310 units<br /> 2017: 316,288 units</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Share of Direct Sales, cars & LCVs  </strong>(source: Fenabrave)<br /> 2020: direct sales to fleet 44%<br /> 2019: direct sales to fleet 46%<br /> 2018: direct sales to fleet 43%<br /> 2017: direct sales to fleet 40%<br /> 2016: direct sales to fleet 34%<br /> <br /> Most corporate sales activity occurs in the Southeast of the country, namely the cities of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Belo Horizonte. <br /> <br /> In terms of fleet acquisition trends, the compact SUV has been one of the fastest growing vehicle segments in the Brazilian market in the last three years, most recently the Jeep brand.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Meanwhile, hybrids and electric vehicles (EV) are slowly coming to the market but their high sticker price and the ethanol alternative in Brazil is hindering the growth of electrification. </p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Top 5 fleet brands (fleet market)</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-top-5-fleet-brands-fleet field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p><strong>2022 Direct Sales (LCV)</strong><br /> <br /> 1. Fiat, 53% share<br /> 2. VW, 10.8% share<br /> 3. GM, 9.6% share<br /> 4. Renault, 7.2%<br /> 5. Toyota, 6% share<br /> <br /> source: Fenabrave</p> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr class=""><th class="field-label">Fleet Model preference top 5 (fleet market)</th><td class="field-content"><div class="field field-name-field-fleet-model-preference-top field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p style="text-align: left;"><strong>2022 LCV sales</strong><br /> 1. Fiat Strada (112,456 units)<br /> 2. Fiat Toro (49,567)<br /> 3. Toyota Hilux (48,606)<br /> 4. GM [Chevrolet] S10 (27,128)<br /> 5. VW Saveiro (23,422)<br /> <br /> <strong>2022 Direct Sales (LCV)</strong><br /> 1. Fiat Strada compact pickup (75,296) <br /> <span style="text-align: left;float: none;">2. Fiat Toro compact pickup (29,678 units)<br /> 3. Volkswagen Saveiro compact pickup (22,536 units)</span><br /> 4. GM [Chevrolet] S10 pickup (22,194 units)<br /> 5. Fiat Fiorino (14,629 units)<br /> <br /> source: Fenabrave</p> </div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></div></div></div><div class="group-chapter-four-items field-group-accordion-wrapper effect-none" id="group-chapter-four"><h3 class="field-group-format-toggler accordion-item"><a href="#">Chapter 4: Taxation & legislation</a></h3> <div class="field-group-format-wrapper "><div class="field field-name-field-taxation-legislation field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <table style="margin:0px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="text-align:center;margin:0px;"><b><span style="margin:0px;"><span><span>Brazil</span></span></span></b></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">The basis of company car taxation in Brazil is reflected in this overview. Different types of taxes are considered here: taxes related to the registration of the vehicle, income taxes and VAT aspects. Expected future developments are also briefly listed, if any.</span></p> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">We note that </span><i><span style="margin:0px;">car taxation in Brazil is a very complex matter that cannot be summarized in a few pages. On average, it is estimated that approximately 48.2%-54.8% (for 2016) of the purchase price of a vehicle in Brazil is made up of embedded taxes (import duties, Federal VAT (PIS and COFINS), State VAT (ICMS), Federal Industrialization Tax (IPI), which have not always been covered in the below overview.</span> </i></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><b>1.</b> </span></span><span style="margin:0px;"><b>Car taxation</b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><b>1.1.</b> </span></span><span style="margin:0px;"><b>Registration tax</b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" width="165"> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><b><span style="margin:0px;">Taxable event</span></b></p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><b><span style="margin:0px;">Taxable person</span></b></p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><b><span style="margin:0px;">Tax due</span></b></p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><b><span style="margin:0px;">Taxable period</span></b></p> </td> <td width="402"> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <ul> <li style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">Ownership of vehicle</span></li> </ul> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <ul> <li style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">Individual or legal entity</span></li> </ul> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <ul> <li style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">Annual license and Registration Fee (“Certificado de Registro e Licenciamento do Veículo”) – this document is mandatory in order to allow the circulation on public roads. The amount due refers to a pre-determined fee issued by a competent authority.</span></li> </ul> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <ul> <li style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">Annual</span></li> </ul> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><b>1.2.</b> </span></span><span style="margin:0px;"><b>Annual circulation tax</b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" width="165"> <p style="margin:0px;"><b><span style="margin:0px;">Taxable event</span></b></p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><b><span style="margin:0px;">Taxable person</span></b></p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><b><span style="margin:0px;">Tax due</span></b></p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><b><span style="margin:0px;">Taxable period</span></b></p> </td> <td width="402"> <ul> <li style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">Ownership of vehicle</span></li> </ul> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <ul> <li style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">Individual or legal entity</span></li> </ul> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <ul> <li style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">Vehicle Property Tax (“Imposto sobre a Propriedade de Veículos Automotores - IPVA”) – 4 percent over the listed price of the vehicle (general rate of State of São Paulo) which applies to all vehicles not included in a specific category. Hybrid and electric cars have a reduction of 50% on IPVA.</span></li> <li style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">Annual license and Registration Fee (“Certificado de Registro e Licenciamento do Veículo”) – Variable</span></li> <li style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">Compulsory Insurance (“Seguro DPVAT”) – Variable</span></li> </ul> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <ul> <li style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">Annual</span></li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><b>2.</b> </span></span><span style="margin:0px;"><b>Income taxes</b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" width="163"> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><b><span style="margin:0px;">Relevant Event</span></b></p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><b><span style="margin:0px;">Person</span></b></p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><b><span style="margin:0px;">Tax due</span></b></p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><b><span style="margin:0px;">Period</span></b></p> </td> <td colspan="2" width="403"> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <ul> <li style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">Tax Return: please note that car ownership (owner by taxpayer or provided by the company) must be reported in the individual tax return.</span></li> </ul> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <ul> <li style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">Individual</span></li> </ul> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <ul> <li style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">Informative only</span></li> </ul> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <ul> <li style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">Annual</span></li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><b>3.</b> </span></span><span style="margin:0px;"><b>VAT</b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><b>3.1.</b> </span></span><span style="margin:0px;"><b>Deduction</b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">ü </span></span><span style="margin:0px;">Brazilian legislation has many peculiarities on this matter. Therefore, more analysis on this side is recommended (as it could vary according to the character of the purchaser).</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><b>3.2.</b> </span></span><span style="margin:0px;"><b>Hire purchase</b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">Hire purchase is deemed as a regular car purchase. Therefore, a hire purchased should be treated as a regular purchase for tax purposes.</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><b>3.3.</b> </span></span><span style="margin:0px;"><b>Leasing</b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><b><span style="margin:0px;">Lessor:</span></b><span style="margin:0px;"> As a general rule, PIS and COFINS contributions would be levied on gross-revenue at a combined rate of 9.25% or 3.65% for legal entities. There is a discussion if service tax (“ISS”) is due on leasing agreements, especially on financing leasing.</span></p> <p style="margin:0px;"><b><span style="margin:0px;">Lessee:</span></b><span style="margin:0px;"> No taxation.</span></p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><b>4.</b> </span></span><span style="margin:0px;"><b>Company car</b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><b>4.1.</b> </span></span><span style="margin:0px;"><b>VAT due on private use of company cars</b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><span>No taxation </span></span></p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><b>4.2.</b> </span></span><span style="margin:0px;"><b>Company car in personal tax returns – benefit in kind</b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <ul> <li style="margin:0px;"><b><span style="margin:0px;"><span>Company provides a car</span></span></b><span style="margin:0px;"><span>: please note that if the car is only utilized for the work, it should not be subject to taxation. However, it should be considered as a fringe benefit and subject to taxation (labor taxation for employee and employer as well as income taxation for employee), as long as it is not necessary for the performance of the work and the employee utilizes it habitually.</span></span></li> </ul> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><b>5.</b> </span></span><span style="margin:0px;"><b>Income taxes – drivers’ personal taxation</b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><b>5.1.</b> </span></span><span style="margin:0px;"><b>Private car in the personal tax return</b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><b><i>5.1.1.</i></b> </span></span><span style="margin:0px;"><b>Private use</b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="160"> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><b><span style="margin:0px;">Taxable event</span></b></p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><b><span style="margin:0px;">Taxable person</span></b></p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><b><span style="margin:0px;">Tax due</span></b></p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><b><span style="margin:0px;">Taxable period</span></b></p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> </td> <td colspan="3" width="406"> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <ul> <li style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">Vehicle ownership return</span></li> </ul> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <ul> <li style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">Individual</span></li> </ul> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <ul> <li style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">Same as item 1.2.</span></li> </ul> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <ul> <li style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">Annual</span></li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><b><i>5.1.2.</i></b> </span></span><span style="margin:0px;"><b><i>Commuter traffic</i></b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">The commuter traffic is a benefit paid by the company that should be equivalent to the cost of public transportation. If the value paid exceeds the cost of public transportation, the difference must be considered as employee’s remuneration subject to taxation </span><span style="margin:0px;"><span>(labor taxation for employee and employer as well as income taxation for employee)</span></span></p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><b><i>5.1.3.</i></b> </span></span><span style="margin:0px;"><b>Business kilometres</b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">It should not be considered part of employee’s remuneration.</span></p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><b>6.</b> </span></span><span style="margin:0px;"><b>Special schemes (if any)</b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><b>6.1.</b> </span></span><span style="margin:0px;"><b> </b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">ü </span></span><span style="margin:0px;">In principle, there are special schemes applicable on the purchase made by specific legal entities, elderly people and special need people (disable). These special regimes generally provide for a reduction or exemption of certain taxes.</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><b>7.</b> </span></span><span style="margin:0px;"><b>Electric vehicles</b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">As a rule, it is treated as a regular vehicle. However, some exemptions in regards to Vehicle Property Tax - IPVA is available. </span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;"><b>8.</b> </span></span><span style="margin:0px;"><b>Future developments</b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" width="566"> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">The government is developing a project to reduce taxes levied on electrical and hybrid vehicles.</span></p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Source: BDO (2018)</p> <p> </p> <p>Brazil levies 35% duties on imported cars and parts to encourage vehicle buyers to purchase locally-manufactured vehicles and replacement parts.</p> <strong>4.1. Car Taxation </strong> <p><br /> For vehicles, Brazilian law requires a licence and registration fee, a property tax and an insurance, all annual and all payable by the individual or legal entity that owns the vehicle.<br /> - The <strong>licence and registration fee</strong>, called <i>Certificado de Registro e Licenciamento do Veiculo</i>, is a pre-determined but annually variable amount, set by the relevant authority.<br /> - The<strong> property tax</strong>, called <i>Imposto sobre a Propriedade de Veiculos Automotores (IPVA), </i>amounts to 4% of the listed price of the vehicle (as listed in the state of Sao Paulo), and applies to all vehicles not included in a special category.<br /> - The <strong>compulsory insurance</strong>, called <i>Seguro DPVAT</i>, is variable.</p> <p>Special schemes provide for reduced taxation if vehicles are purchased by elderly and/or disabled people and certain special categories of legal entities.</p> <strong>4.2. Income tax – Taxable persons</strong> <p><br /> Car ownership (either by the driver or the legal entity) must be reported in the individual annual tax return.</p> <strong>4.3. Company car</strong> <p><br /> VAT deductibility in Brazil is very complex, and could vary according to the nature of the purchaser.</p> <p>It should be noted that hire purchase counts as regular purchase in Brazil, and consequently a car hire-purchased should be considered as a regularly purchased vehicle for tax purposes.</p> <p>In the case of leasing, taxes for PIS (<i>Programa de Integração Social</i>) and COFINS (<i>Contribuição para o Financiamento da Seguraridade Social</i>) would be levied on gross-revenue at a combined rate of 9.25%, or 3.65% for legal entities. There is a discussion ongoing on whether ISS (Instituto Sobre Serviços) is due on leasing agreements, especially in the case of financing leasing.</p> <p>The above applies to the lessor, the lessee is not taxed.</p> <strong>4.4. Income taxes – drivers’ personal taxation </strong> <p><br /> For personal tax returns (of employees), the Brazilian government distinguishes between company cars solely used for work purposes, and those also used for private purposes.</p> <p>In the first case, no extra taxes are due.</p> <p>In the second case, if the car is used habitually for private purposes, its use is considered a fringe benefit, and subject to taxation (as income tax for the employee, and as labour tax for both employee and employer).</p> <p>If the value of the benefit in kind exceeds the equivalent cost of public transportation, the difference is considered a remuneration subject to labour taxation (for both employer and employee) and income taxation (for the employee).</p> <p>There is no specific provision for charging VAT for the personal use of company cars.</p> <strong>4.5. Electric vehicles</strong> <p><br /> Currently treated as regular vehicles, however some exemptions with regard to IPVA (i.e. vehicle property tax) may be available. See also 4.6.<br />  </p> <strong>4.6. Future developments </strong> <p><br /> The Brazilian government is developing a system to reduce taxes on certain categories of cars with alternative powertrains, notably electric and hybrid vehicles.</p> <strong>4.7. Legal background (import taxes)</strong> </div> </div><div class="contribute-links"><span class="label">To suggest an update:</span><div class="links"><a href="/en/user/login?destination=node/764743" class="btn login-link">Login</a> <span>or</span> <a href="/en/user/register" class="btn register-link">Create an account</a></div></div></div></div><div class="group-chapter-five-items field-group-accordion field-group-accordion-wrapper effect-none" id="group-chapter-five"><h3 class="field-group-format-toggler accordion-item"><a href="#">Chapter 5: Car policies</a></h3> <div class="field-group-format-wrapper "><div class="field field-name-field-car-policies field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">In recent years, corporate car use has been on the rise in Brazil, and they entail vehicles for operational and benefit fleets. For operational fleets, cars are for business operations only and they are commonly issued to employees of public utilities such as energy and telephone companies. </span></p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">Regarding benefit fleets, these vehicles are used for both personal and business purposes and are mainly issued to directors, managers, and sales people. As a differentiation to attract workers, employees are sometimes given the right to buy their car at a discounted price at the end of the leasing period. </span></p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">Some of the more common industries with company cars as a benefit are pharmaceutical, food and beverages, banking, consultancy, and others. Besides getting better pricing due to economies of scale, outsourcing a fleet can bring operational benefits as companies can focus more on their core business.</span></p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">What is a good car fleet policy? </span></p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">A good car fleet policy is one that clearly defines the obligations and responsibilities of the employee and employer, and one that addresses all the legal and social risks related to the usage of the car. Mi</span><span style="margin:0px;">sunderstandings between the driver and the company must kept to a minimum.</span></p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">The policy must address several things, among them being </span><span style="margin:0px;">CO2 emission, TCO conditions, fuel and accident management, parking tolls, insurance conditions, maintenance and service, traffic fines, penalties for bad driving, prizes for good driving, and the possibility of buying the car at the end of contract.<br /> <br /> Source: Move.on</span></p> </div> </div><div class="contribute-links"><span class="label">To suggest an update:</span><div class="links"><a href="/en/user/login?destination=node/764743" class="btn login-link">Login</a> <span>or</span> <a href="/en/user/register" class="btn register-link">Create an account</a></div></div></div></div><div class="group-chapter-six-items field-group-accordion field-group-accordion-wrapper effect-bounceslide" id="group-chapter-six"><h3 class="field-group-format-toggler accordion-item"><a href="#">Chapter 6: Funding methods</a></h3> <div class="field-group-format-wrapper "><div class="field field-name-field-funding-methods field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>One common fleet car in Brazil is the compact SUV Ford Ecosport. While a one year lease allowing 25,000km of driving costs approximately 28,680 reais (US$8,265) throughout the 12-month period, buying the car would cost 77,900 reais but it remains yours after the lease period.</p> <p>As for expenses covered by lessors during the year, they could include full-coverage insurance (approx.3,895 reais) and IPVA vehicle tax (approx. 3,116 reais) for the Ecosport. A depreciation of 11,916 reais should also be considered. </p> <p>Remember that lessors give discounts of at least 1,200 reais per year on longer contracts and those with multiple cars. However, companies could also get a discount of up to 20% for direct car purchases</p> <p>One way to purchase a vehicle would be to finance it, something that has been on the rise since 2018 in the wake of the falling Selic benchmark interest rate. Following a drop to 6.75% in early 2018, vehicle financing in the first quarter rose 20.8% year-over-year to 310,900 units mostly due to light vehicles which rose 18.7% to 292,000 units. The rate has been falling ever since, dropping to <span style="text-align: left;float: none;">5.5% in September 2019, the lowest in Brazil's history.<br /> <br /> note: In 2020, for the corporate fleet, leasing/renting represents approximately 6% of the market (source: Solution4Fleet). </span></p> </div> </div><div class="contribute-links"><span class="label">To suggest an update:</span><div class="links"><a href="/en/user/login?destination=node/764743" class="btn login-link">Login</a> <span>or</span> <a href="/en/user/register" class="btn register-link">Create an account</a></div></div></div></div><div class="group-chapter-seven-items field-group-accordion field-group-accordion-wrapper effect-bounceslide" id="group-chapter-seven"><h3 class="field-group-format-toggler accordion-item"><a href="#">Chapter 7: Fuel</a></h3> <div class="field-group-format-wrapper "><div class="field field-name-field-fuel field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>May 2, 2022<br /> Average gasoline price per liter: US$1.43 (world average is US$1.33)<br /> Average diesel price per liter: US$1.30 (world average is US$1.31)</p> <p>September, 2021<br /> Average electricity price per kWh Households: US$0.15 (world average is US$0.13)<br /> Average electricity price per kWh Business: US$0.15 (world average is US$0.13)</p> <p>Source: https://www.globalpetrolprices.com/gasoline_prices/<br />  </p> <p><span style="text-align: left;float: none;">Brazil is one of Earth’s natural-resource superpowers and oil is no exception, with 13 billion barrels of proven reserves. Brazil is also a world leader in biofuels, boasting the highest rates of ethanol use. Still, gasoline prices are consistently among the highest in the Western Hemisphere, and Brazilians devote a big chunk of their incomes to filling up.</span></p> <p><em>Source:<a href="http://https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/gas-prices/#20171:Brazil:EUR:l">http://https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/gas-prices/#20171:Brazil:EUR:l</a></em></p> <p> </p> </div> </div><div class="contribute-links"><span class="label">To suggest an update:</span><div class="links"><a href="/en/user/login?destination=node/764743" class="btn login-link">Login</a> <span>or</span> <a href="/en/user/register" class="btn register-link">Create an account</a></div></div></div></div><div class="group-chapter-height-items field-group-accordion field-group-accordion-wrapper effect-bounceslide" id="group-chapter-height"><h3 class="field-group-format-toggler accordion-item"><a href="#">Chapter 8 : TCO components</a></h3> <div class="field-group-format-wrapper "><div class="field field-name-field-tco-components field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">When we talk about TCO, it is important to consider invisible factors, as well as the visible ones. Among those to keep in mind in Brazil are accurately determining Residual Value and making sure you manage your Time appropriately.</span></p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">In terms of Residual Value, one must keep in mind that information on the used car market in Brazil is not as detailed and accurate as what can be found in other countries (e.g. those in Europe).<br /> <br /> Efficient data gathering as well as having a steadfast car fleet policy is needed to reduce risk and optimize TCO. </span><br />  </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">As for Time, the time to acquire new cars, order spare parts, carry out repairs, and then sell the used car at the end of the contract must be reduced as much as possible. Any extra time spent on these processes can result in extra costs that could heavily impact TCO.<br /> <br /> As such, developing new mobility solutions that streamline processes are a must. For one, fleet managers need </span><span style="margin:0px;">to carry out in-depth evaluations of the car models being used and vehicle usage profiles, taking into account the region the car will be driven in and other factors.</span></p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">Besides selecting the appropriate type of vehicle for the usage needed, selecting the appropriate brand for the region will reduce new car delivery time, repairs processes, and in some cases, the remarketing process. </span></p> <p style="margin:0px;"> </p> <p style="margin:0px;"><span style="margin:0px;">Source: Move.on</span></p> </div> </div><div class="contribute-links"><span class="label">To suggest an update:</span><div class="links"><a href="/en/user/login?destination=node/764743" class="btn login-link">Login</a> <span>or</span> <a href="/en/user/register" class="btn register-link">Create an account</a></div></div></div></div><div class="group-chapter-nine-items field-group-accordion field-group-accordion-wrapper effect-bounceslide" id="group-chapter-nine"><h3 class="field-group-format-toggler accordion-item"><a href="#">Chapter 9: Safety, insurance and telematics</a></h3> <div class="field-group-format-wrapper group-chapter-nine field-group-accordion-item"><div class="field field-name-field-safety-insurance-and-telem field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p><strong>Safety</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">Approximately 433,000 accidents occur each year, leading to 45,000 deaths or one every 12 minutes and to approximately R$50 billion in costs every year according to the estimates of local r<span style="text-align: left;float: none;">esearch institute IPEA. </span></p> <p style="text-align: left;">In approximately 80% of the cases, accidents are attributable to human error, whether it be due to improper driver behaviour, a lack of training or the inability to drive the vehicle, according to traffic engineering company CET in São Paulo.</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span><span><span><strong>Insurance</strong><br /> <br /> Approximately 30% of the vehicles in Brazil are insured. Of these, about one in four is a corporate vehicle.<br /> <br /> As for operating any fleet car, insurance is one of the main expenses and below are some of the premium estimates for 2018.</span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span><span><span>Considering a 35-year old driver who is married, the cost to insure the subcompact Chevrolet Onix (Brazil’s best-selling car) in the city of São Paulo is 1,394 reais (US$425).</span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span><span><span>Other premiums are 1,870 reais for the compact Volkswagen Polo, 2,721 reais for the Toyota Corolla sedan, 2,891 for the compact SUV Honda HR-V, and 4,019 for the Jeep Compass SUV.</span></span></span><br /> Mandatory third-party insurance: The SOAT Personal Accident Mandatory Vehicle Policy covers bodily injury from traffic accidents involving insured vehicles or unidentified vehicles. Known as DPVAT in Brazil, it covers t<span style="text-align: justify;float: none;">ransportation expenses and mobilization of the victims to hospital or clinical establishments, preferably in ambulances or vehicles adequately equipped for this type of service, guaranteeing the timely and effective attention of the victim.</span><br />  </p> <p style="text-align: left;">The action attributable to the driver is not enforceable against affected passengers or pedestrians.<span style="text-align: left;float: none;">.(Source: Mapfe 2017)</span><br />  </p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Telematics</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><br /> <span><span><span>Among the most common reasons to use this telematics in Brazil are to prevent vehicle theft, locate them once they have been stolen, and to control driver behaviour which could result in accidents. </span></span></span></p> </div> </div><div class="contribute-links"><span class="label">To suggest an update:</span><div class="links"><a href="/en/user/login?destination=node/764743" class="btn login-link">Login</a> <span>or</span> <a href="/en/user/register" class="btn register-link">Create an account</a></div></div></div></div><div class="group-chapter-ten-items field-group-accordion field-group-accordion-wrapper effect-bounceslide" id="group-chapter-ten"><h3 class="field-group-format-toggler accordion-item"><a href="#">Chapter 10: Environment</a></h3> <div class="field-group-format-wrapper "><div class="field field-name-field-environment field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p><span style="text-align: left;float: none;">With a starting unit price of approximately 150,000 reais (US$28,800), the initial price of an electric car in Brazil is quite a bit more expensive than non electrified vehicles which come in at approximately half the price. A hybrid, however, is about a third more expensive. </span></p> <p>Besides the falling price of batteries which should soon lower the price of vehicles, the federal government is showing signs of pushing for cleaner energy and electrification with electrified vehicles receiving tax discounts and being exempt from license plate restriction days brazil's largest metropolis, São Paulo. This, however, is hinder a bit by the popular of ethanol, the country's other "green" alternative. </p> <p><strong>Electric Vehicles</strong></p> <p>EV sales reached 49,000 in 2022, up 41% year-over-year, according to local electric vehicle association ABVE, and this represents 2.5% of overall light vehicle sales. Much of this is due to the popularity of hybrid-ethanol EVs which represent 62% of the market. Meanwhile, plug-in hybrids (PHEV) represented 21% of the sales and full-electric BEVs, 17%.<br /> <br /> Besides getting a 50% break on the annual vehicle circulation tax IPVA, electrified vehicles are exempt from driving restrictions such as the Rodizio traffic control measure in the city of São Paulo. In 2022, Approximately 126,000 electrified (hybrid, BEV, & PHEV) vehicles (cars & LCVs) were on roads.</p> <p>In 4Q23, there were some 3,800 public and semi-public charge points in the country. </p> </div> </div><div class="contribute-links"><span class="label">To suggest an update:</span><div class="links"><a href="/en/user/login?destination=node/764743" class="btn login-link">Login</a> <span>or</span> <a href="/en/user/register" class="btn register-link">Create an account</a></div></div></div></div><div class="group-chapter-eleven-items field-group-accordion field-group-accordion-wrapper effect-bounceslide" id="group-chapter-eleven"><h3 class="field-group-format-toggler accordion-item"><a href="#">Chapter 11: Mobility</a></h3> <div class="field-group-format-wrapper "><div class="field field-name-field-mobility field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><p>Home to numerous new mobility participants as well as innovative business models, Brazil -  in addition to Mexico - is the benchmark of Latin America when it comes to new mobility solutions. </p> <ul> <li>Motorcycle-based on-demand deilivery services such as Uber Eats, I-Food, and Rappi were increasing in popularity before the start of the Coronavirus pandemic in 2020, but have grown significantly more during the COVID age. </li> <li><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Mobility models revolved around car-sharing and subscription services are also making their way into the market. For one, local </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>banking giant Itaú Unibanco introduced Vec Itaú in December 2020, </span></span></span></span><span><span><span>a shared electric vehicle (EV) solution in the city of São Paulo.</span></span></span></span></span></span></li> <li>Ride-hailing services have been on the rise over the past few years.  The market leader in Brazil is US-based Uber, followed by Brazil's 99 (formerly 99 Taxi), and then Spain's Cabify.</li> <li>Last-mile mobility is also taking off in Brazil, especially in the country’s largest city of São Paulo which is home to station-based bike-sharing service Tembici.</li> <li>São Paulo is home to Uber's world's largest municipal ride-hailing car fleet.</li> </ul> </div> </div><div class="contribute-links"><span class="label">To suggest an update:</span><div class="links"><a href="/en/user/login?destination=node/764743" class="btn login-link">Login</a> <span>or</span> <a href="/en/user/register" class="btn register-link">Create an account</a></div></div></div></div><div class="group-chapter-twelve-items field-group-accordion field-group-accordion-wrapper effect-bounceslide" id="group-chapter-twelve"><h3 class="field-group-format-toggler accordion-item"><a href="#">Chapter 12: Key trends to watch</a></h3> <div class="field-group-format-wrapper "><div class="field field-name-field-key-trends-to-watch field-type-text-long field-label-hidden "> <div class="field-item even field-item-first field-item-last field-item-0"><ul> <li>Electric vehicle (EV) recharging infrastructure is on the rise. Among the companies supporting this trend is Volvo which planned the installation of 500 EV charing stations in 2020. </li> <li><span><span><span><span>Brazil has approximately 44,000 EVs on roads and this footprint is increasing at a rate of approximately 2,000 units per month (some 1.5% of sales).</span></span></span></span></li> <li><span><span><span><span><span><span>By 2025, electric and hybrid vehicles are expected to reach an annual penetration of around 61,700 units (5.000 new units per month), according to Frost & Sullivan.</span></span></span></span></span></span></li> <li>By 2030, some executives in the global auto industry believe that approximately 41% of new vehicles sold in Brazil will be electrified, according to a report released by consultancy firm KPMG.</li> </ul> <p><span><span><span><b><span><span><span>Some of the electrified vehicles available in Brazil</span></span></span></b></span></span></span><br />  </p> <table class="MsoTableGrid"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><span><span><b><span><span><span>Hybrid</span></span></span></b></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><span><span><span><span><span>Toyota</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p><span><span><span><span><span>Prius (hybrid); Corolla (hybrid flex)</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><span><span><span><span><span>Volvo</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p><span><span><span><span><span>XC-60 (hybrid); XC-90 (hybrid)</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><span><span><span><span><span>Lexus</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p><span><span><span><span><span>UX 250h; UX300h; RX 450h; ES 300h; LS 500h</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> </p> </td> <td> <p><span><span> </span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><span><span><b><span><span><span>Full Electric</span></span></span></b></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><span><span><span><span><span>Audi</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p><span><span><span><span><span>e-tron</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><span><span><span><span><span>BMW</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p><span><span><span><span><span>i3</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><span><span><span><span><span>Chevrolet</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p><span><span><span><span><span>Bolt</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><span><span><span><span><span>JAC</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p><span><span><span><span><span>iEV20; iEV40; iEV60</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><span><span><span><span><span>Jaguar </span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p><span><span><span><span><span>I-Pace</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><span><span><span><span><span>Mercedes Benz</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p><span><span><span><span><span>EQC</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><span><span><span><span><span>Nissan</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p><span><span><span><span><span>Leaf</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><span><span><span><span><span>Peugeot </span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p><span><span><span><span><span>208 e-GT</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><span><span><span><span><span>Porsche</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p><span><span><span><span><span>Taycan</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><span><span><span><span><span>Renault</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p><span><span><span><span><span>Zoe</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><span><span><span><span><span>Volkswagen</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> <td> <p><span><span><span><span><span>eGolf</span></span></span></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><br />  </p> </div> </div><div class="contribute-links"><span class="label">To suggest an update:</span><div class="links"><a href="/en/user/login?destination=node/764743" class="btn login-link">Login</a> <span>or</span> <a href="/en/user/register" class="btn register-link">Create an account</a></div></div></div></div><span property="dc:title" content="Brazil" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span> </article> </div> </div> <aside class="sidebars"> <div class="region region-sidebar-first"> <div id="block-bean-wiki-brazil-square1" class="block block-bean"> <div class="entity entity-bean bean-dfp-block clearfix" about="/en/block/wiki-brazil-square1" typeof=""> <div class="content"> <div class="field field-name-field-elements field-type-dpf-ads-field field-label-hidden "> <div 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