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<span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Islands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_subdivision" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_subdivision"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Administrative subdivision</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_subdivision-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population_and_religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population_and_religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Population and religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population_and_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Development-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Development subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Labuan-Menumbok_Bridge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labuan-Menumbok_Bridge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Labuan-Menumbok Bridge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labuan-Menumbok_Bridge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Water_ferry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_ferry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Water ferry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_ferry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_travel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_travel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Air travel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_travel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places_of_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_of_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Places of interest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_of_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postage_stamps_and_postal_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postage_stamps_and_postal_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Postage stamps and postal history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postage_stamps_and_postal_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_parliament_seats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_parliament_seats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Federal parliament seats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_parliament_seats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_residents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_residents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable residents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_residents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Labuan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 60 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لابوان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لابوان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="লাবুয়ান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লাবুয়ান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лабуан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лабуан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лабуан – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лабуан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbro%C3%B9_Labuan" title="Timbroù Labuan – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Timbroù Labuan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan_(estado)" title="Labuan (estado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Labuan (estado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Λαμπουάν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λαμπουάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labu%C3%A1n" title="Labuán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Labuán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuano" title="Labuano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Labuano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%86" title="لابوآن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لابوآن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territoire_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ral_de_Labuan" title="Territoire fédéral de Labuan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Territoire fédéral de Labuan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EB%B6%80%EC%95%88" title="라부안 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라부안" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8" title="लबूअन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लबूअन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9F" title="לבואן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לבואן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ლაბუანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლაბუანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuanas" title="Labuanas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Labuanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лабуан – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лабуан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8" title="लाबुआन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लाबुआन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%86" title="لابوآن – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لابوآن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan_(federaal_territorium)" title="Labuan (federaal territorium) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Labuan (federaal territorium)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%96%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3" title="ラブアン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラブアン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labu%C3%A3o" title="Labuão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Labuão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лабуан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лабуан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="லபுவான் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லபுவான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99" title="ลาบวน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลาบวน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лабуан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лабуан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لابوان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لابوان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E9%96%94" title="納閔 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="納閔" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E9%97%BD" title="纳闽 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="纳闽" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Labuan" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Labuan&params=05_18_00_N_115_13_12_E_type:city(102300)_region:MY"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">05°18′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">115°13′12″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">5.30000°N 115.22000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">5.30000; 115.22000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Federal territory of Malaysia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the federal territory and the homonymous island in Malaysia. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Labuan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Labuan (disambiguation)">Labuan (disambiguation)</a>. For the federal constituency represented in the Dewan Rakyat, see <a href="/wiki/Labuan_(federal_constituency)" title="Labuan (federal constituency)">Labuan (federal constituency)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Labuan" title="Special:EditPage/Labuan">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Labuan%22">"Labuan"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Labuan%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Labuan%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Labuan%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Labuan%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Labuan%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2025</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Federal territory in Malaysia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Labuan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">Federal territory</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Federal Territory of Labuan<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><i>Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan</i></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="border:1;;height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Labuan_Financial_Park_-_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Labuan_Financial_Park_-_01.JPG/142px-Labuan_Financial_Park_-_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Labuan_Financial_Park_-_01.JPG/213px-Labuan_Financial_Park_-_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Labuan_Financial_Park_-_01.JPG/284px-Labuan_Financial_Park_-_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2896" data-file-height="1936" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="border:1;;height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Labuan_Malaysia_War-Cemetery-02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Labuan_Malaysia_War-Cemetery-02.jpg/250px-Labuan_Malaysia_War-Cemetery-02.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Labuan_Malaysia_War-Cemetery-02.jpg/330px-Labuan_Malaysia_War-Cemetery-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4188" data-file-height="2792" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:146px;max-width:146px"><div style="border:1;;height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Labuan_Malaysia_Airport-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Labuan_Malaysia_Airport-01.jpg/250px-Labuan_Malaysia_Airport-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Labuan_Malaysia_Airport-01.jpg/330px-Labuan_Malaysia_Airport-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div style="border:1;;height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Labuan_FerryTerminal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Labuan_FerryTerminal.jpg/140px-Labuan_FerryTerminal.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Labuan_FerryTerminal.jpg/210px-Labuan_FerryTerminal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Labuan_FerryTerminal.jpg/280px-Labuan_FerryTerminal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1850" data-file-height="1233" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="border:1;;height:216px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Masjid_Jamek_Annur,_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Masjid_Jamek_Annur%2C_2021.jpg/330px-Masjid_Jamek_Annur%2C_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Masjid_Jamek_Annur%2C_2021.jpg/500px-Masjid_Jamek_Annur%2C_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Masjid_Jamek_Annur%2C_2021.jpg/960px-Masjid_Jamek_Annur%2C_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3534" data-file-height="2651" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><b>From top, left to right:</b><br />Labuan Financial Park complex, <a href="/wiki/Labuan_War_Cemetery" title="Labuan War Cemetery">Labuan War Cemetery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Labuan_Airport" title="Labuan Airport">Labuan Airport</a>, and Labuan Ferry Terminal, Labuan state mosque</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Labuan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Labuan"><img alt="Flag of Labuan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Labuan.svg/120px-Flag_of_Labuan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Labuan.svg/250px-Flag_of_Labuan.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Labuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Labuan">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Labuan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Labuan"><img alt="Official seal of Labuan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Seal_of_Labuan.svg/120px-Seal_of_Labuan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="115" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Seal_of_Labuan.svg/250px-Seal_of_Labuan.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="321" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><span title="Standard Malay-language text"><i lang="zsm-Latn-MY">Pulau Mutiara Borneo</i></span><br />("The Pearl of Borneo")</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="8" data-overlays="["_fd378f353011ae0356980f9b560d9b9faaff946b"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,a,a,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Labuan&revid=1282282845&groups=_fd378f353011ae0356980f9b560d9b9faaff946b" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,a,a,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Labuan&revid=1282282845&groups=_fd378f353011ae0356980f9b560d9b9faaff946b 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Labuan_in_Malaysia_(special_marker).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Labuan_in_Malaysia_%28special_marker%29.svg/250px-Labuan_in_Malaysia_%28special_marker%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Labuan_in_Malaysia_%28special_marker%29.svg/500px-Labuan_in_Malaysia_%28special_marker%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="457" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><div class="center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid silver;background-color:#C41E3A; color:white;"> </span> </span> <b>Labuan</b> in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid silver;background-color:#FFFDD0; color:black;"> </span> </span> <b><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></b></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Labuan&params=05_18_00_N_115_13_12_E_type:city(102300)_region:MY"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">05°18′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">115°13′12″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">5.30000°N 115.22000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">5.30000; 115.22000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia_23px.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="986" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_capitals" title="List of national capitals">Capital</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Labuan" title="Victoria, Labuan">Victoria</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federal_territory" title="Federal territory">Direct federal administration</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Administered by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Labuan_Corporation" title="Labuan Corporation">Labuan Corporation</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anifah_Aman" title="Anifah Aman">Anifah Aman</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • CEO of Labuan Corporation</th><td class="infobox-data">Mohd Sukuran Bin Taib</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">92 km<sup>2</sup> (36 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(Q1 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-Labuan_population_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Labuan_population-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">102,300</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,100/km<sup>2</sup> (2,900/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • HDI (2023)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.843 (<span style="color:#0c0;">high</span>) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_states_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Malaysian states by Human Development Index">3rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Standard Time">MST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (Not observed)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">087</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_vehicle_license_plates" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian vehicle license plates">L</a><br />SL <small>(before becoming FT)</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pl.gov.my">pl<wbr />.gov<wbr />.my</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Labuan</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>), officially the <b>Federal Territory of Labuan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: <i lang="ms">Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan</i>), is an island <a href="/wiki/Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Federal Territories of Malaysia">federal territory</a> of Malaysia. It includes <em>Labuan Island</em> and six smaller islands off the coast of the state of <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> in East Malaysia. Labuan's capital is <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Labuan" title="Victoria, Labuan">Victoria</a>, which is best known as an <a href="/wiki/Offshore_financial_centre" title="Offshore financial centre">offshore financial centre</a> offering international financial and business services via <a href="/wiki/Labuan_IBFC" class="mw-redirect" title="Labuan IBFC">Labuan IBFC</a> since 1990, as well as being an offshore support hub for deepwater oil and gas activities in the region. It is also a tourist destination for people travelling through Sabah, nearby <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Bruneians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving" title="Scuba diving">scuba divers</a>. The name Labuan derives from the <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay word</a> <i>labuhan</i>, which means "harbour".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labuan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:23em; ; font-size: 90%; color: #202122;background-color: #B0C4DE;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="color: #202122;background-color: #B0C4DE;">Historical affiliations</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg/40px-Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg/60px-Old_Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruneian Empire">Sultanate of Brunei</a> 15th century–1846<sup id="cite_ref-lb_history_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lb_history-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McColl2005_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McColl2005-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> 1846–1848<sup id="cite_ref-lb_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lb-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lb_history_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lb_history-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Labuan_%281912%E2%80%931946%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Labuan_%281912%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Labuan_%281912%E2%80%931946%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Labuan_%281912%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Labuan" title="Crown Colony of Labuan">Labuan Crown</a> 1848–1941<sup id="cite_ref-lb_history_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lb_history-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lbc_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lbc-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mathews2014_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mathews2014-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />  • <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_North_Borneo_%281902%E2%80%931946%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Borneo_%281902%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_North_Borneo_%281902%E2%80%931946%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_North_Borneo_%281902%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/British_North_Borneo" class="mw-redirect" title="British North Borneo">British North Borneo</a> 1890–1904<br />  • <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> 1904–1906<br />  • <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_British_Straits_Settlements_%281904%E2%80%931925%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_Straits_Settlements_%281904%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_British_Straits_Settlements_%281904%E2%80%931925%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_British_Straits_Settlements_%281904%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_British_Straits_Settlements_%281904%E2%80%931925%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_British_Straits_Settlements_%281904%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a> 1907–1941<sup id="cite_ref-RentonRobertson1908_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RentonRobertson1908-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Office1917_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Office1917-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_British_Borneo" title="Japanese occupation of British Borneo">Empire of Japan</a> 1942–1945<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Flag_of_North_Borneo_%281948%E2%80%931963%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Borneo_%281948%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Flag_of_North_Borneo_%281948%E2%80%931963%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Borneo_%281948%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Flag_of_North_Borneo_%281948%E2%80%931963%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Borneo_%281948%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_North_Borneo" title="Crown Colony of North Borneo">British North Borneo Crown</a> 1946–1963<sup id="cite_ref-Kratoska2001_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kratoska2001-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> 1963–present<sup id="cite_ref-labuan_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-labuan-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> </div> <p>For three centuries from the 15th century, the north and west coast of <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a> including the island of Labuan was part of the <a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruneian Empire">Sultanate of Brunei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lb_history_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lb_history-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McColl2005_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McColl2005-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1775, Labuan was temporarily occupied by the <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a> after the failure of the company's station at <a href="/wiki/Balambangan_Island" title="Balambangan Island">Balambangan Island</a>. The Sultan of Brunei, <a href="/wiki/Omar_Ali_Saifuddin_I" title="Omar Ali Saifuddin I">Omar Ali Saifuddin I</a> tried to secure the British East India Company's support against the <a href="/wiki/Sulu" title="Sulu">Sulu</a> raiders by offering Labuan as an alternative to Balambangan but, instead the company made a second but failed attempt to set up a station on Balambangan. The Sultan's subsequent reoffering of Labuan to the company did not result in the establishment of a permanent British settlement on the island either.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>British policy changed in the 19th century, when Labuan started to attract British interest again. <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Mundy" title="Rodney Mundy">Captain Rodney Mundy</a> acquired the island for Britain through the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Labuan" title="Treaty of Labuan">Treaty of Labuan</a> with the Sultan of Brunei, <a href="/wiki/Omar_Ali_Saifuddin_II" title="Omar Ali Saifuddin II">Omar Ali Saifuddin II</a> on 18 December 1846.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mundy took <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Momin" title="Abdul Momin">Pengiran Mumin</a> to witness the island's accession to the <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">British Crown</a> on 24 December 1846.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders2013_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders2013-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some sources state that during the signing of the treaty, the Sultan had been threatened by a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">British navy</a> warship ready to fire on the Sultan's palace if he refused to sign the treaty while another source says the island was ceded to Britain as a reward for assistance in combating pirates.<sup id="cite_ref-lb_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lb-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main reason why the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> acquired the island was to establish a naval station to protect their commercial interest in the region and to suppress piracy in the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lb_history_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lb_history-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British also believed the island could be the next <a href="/wiki/Singapore_in_the_Straits_Settlements" title="Singapore in the Straits Settlements">Singapore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Brunei_Treaty_of_Friendship_1847" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Brunei Treaty of Friendship 1847">Anglo-Brunei Treaty of Friendship</a> in 1847, which distilled the aforementioned events into a single document - Labuan was ceded to the British in perpetuity.<sup id="cite_ref-:wright_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:wright-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island became a <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Labuan" title="Crown Colony of Labuan">Crown Colony</a> in 1848 with <a href="/wiki/James_Brooke" title="James Brooke">James Brooke</a> appointed as the first governor and <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a>, with <a href="/wiki/William_Napier_(lawyer)" title="William Napier (lawyer)">William Napier</a> as his lieutenant-governor.<sup id="cite_ref-lb_history_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lb_history-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lbc_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lbc-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mathews2014_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mathews2014-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1849, the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Archipelago_Company" title="Eastern Archipelago Company">Eastern Archipelago Company</a> became the first of several British companies to try to exploit Labuan coal deposits.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company was formed to exploit coal deposits on the island and adjacent coast of Borneo but soon became involved in a dispute with <a href="/wiki/James_Brooke" title="James Brooke">James Brooke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lb_history_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lb_history-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not proving itself a great commercial or strategic asset, administration of Labuan was handed to the <a href="/wiki/British_North_Borneo_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British North Borneo Company">British North Borneo Company</a> in 1890.<sup id="cite_ref-OlsonShadle1996_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OlsonShadle1996-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Welman_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welman-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The North Borneo Company did not prove that effective a manager either, and in 1904 <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Stewart_Hannibal_McArthur" title="Malcolm Stewart Hannibal McArthur">Malcolm Stewart Hannibal McArthur</a> even proposed handing the island back to Brunei.<sup id="cite_ref-deVienne2015_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deVienne2015-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1894, a <a href="/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable" title="Submarine communications cable">submarine communications cable</a> was built by the British to link the island's communications with <a href="/wiki/North_Borneo" title="North Borneo">North Borneo</a>, Singapore and <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 30 October 1906, the British Government proposed to extend the boundaries of the <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a> to include Labuan. The proposal took effect from 1 January 1907.<sup id="cite_ref-RentonRobertson1908_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RentonRobertson1908-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Office1917_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Office1917-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">British conquest of Labuan</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 158.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 156.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anglo_Bruni_Treaty_1844.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Anglo Bruneian Treaty 23 Oct 1844[32][33]"><img alt="Anglo Bruneian Treaty 23 Oct 1844[32][33]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Anglo_Bruni_Treaty_1844.jpg/235px-Anglo_Bruni_Treaty_1844.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Anglo_Bruni_Treaty_1844.jpg/353px-Anglo_Bruni_Treaty_1844.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Anglo_Bruni_Treaty_1844.jpg/471px-Anglo_Bruni_Treaty_1844.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1315" data-file-height="1006" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Anglo Bruneian Treaty 23 Oct 1844<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 184px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 182px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Treaty_of_Labuan1846_dec18_outside.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Marines stationed outside the Sultan's palace during the signing of the 1846 Treaty of Labuan[34]"><img alt="Marines stationed outside the Sultan's palace during the signing of the 1846 Treaty of Labuan[34]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Treaty_of_Labuan1846_dec18_outside.jpg/273px-Treaty_of_Labuan1846_dec18_outside.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Treaty_of_Labuan1846_dec18_outside.jpg/410px-Treaty_of_Labuan1846_dec18_outside.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Treaty_of_Labuan1846_dec18_outside.jpg/546px-Treaty_of_Labuan1846_dec18_outside.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1142" data-file-height="753" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Marines stationed outside the Sultan's palace during the signing of the 1846 Treaty of Labuan<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 153.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Treaty_of_Labuan1846.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Signing of the Treaty of Labuan 18 Dec 1846[35]"><img alt="Signing of the Treaty of Labuan 18 Dec 1846[35]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Treaty_of_Labuan1846.jpg/230px-Treaty_of_Labuan1846.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Treaty_of_Labuan1846.jpg/345px-Treaty_of_Labuan1846.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Treaty_of_Labuan1846.jpg/459px-Treaty_of_Labuan1846.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="980" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Signing of the Treaty of Labuan 18 Dec 1846<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 144px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 142px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_raising_Labuan_24Dec1846_Mundy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag raising Labuan 24 Dec 1846[6]"><img alt="Flag raising Labuan 24 Dec 1846[6]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_raising_Labuan_24Dec1846_Mundy.jpg/213px-Flag_raising_Labuan_24Dec1846_Mundy.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_raising_Labuan_24Dec1846_Mundy.jpg/320px-Flag_raising_Labuan_24Dec1846_Mundy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_raising_Labuan_24Dec1846_Mundy.jpg/426px-Flag_raising_Labuan_24Dec1846_Mundy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1189" data-file-height="1005" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag raising Labuan 24 Dec 1846<sup id="cite_ref-lb_history_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lb_history-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 147.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 145.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Labuan_(1888).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An 1888 British Map of Labuan"><img alt="An 1888 British Map of Labuan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Map_of_Labuan_%281888%29.jpg/250px-Map_of_Labuan_%281888%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Map_of_Labuan_%281888%29.jpg/330px-Map_of_Labuan_%281888%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Map_of_Labuan_%281888%29.jpg/500px-Map_of_Labuan_%281888%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="653" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An 1888 British Map of Labuan</div> </li> </ul> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_landing_off_the_west_coast_of_British_North_Borneo,_Labuan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Japanese_landing_off_the_west_coast_of_British_North_Borneo%2C_Labuan.jpg/150px-Japanese_landing_off_the_west_coast_of_British_North_Borneo%2C_Labuan.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Japanese_landing_off_the_west_coast_of_British_North_Borneo%2C_Labuan.jpg/225px-Japanese_landing_off_the_west_coast_of_British_North_Borneo%2C_Labuan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Japanese_landing_off_the_west_coast_of_British_North_Borneo%2C_Labuan.jpg/300px-Japanese_landing_off_the_west_coast_of_British_North_Borneo%2C_Labuan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="653" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Japanese Navy</a> anchoring at the coast of Labuan on 14 January 1942</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Labuan was <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_British_Borneo" title="Japanese occupation of British Borneo">occupied</a> by <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a> from 3 January 1942 until June 1945 and garrisoned by units of the <a href="/wiki/Thirty-Seventh_Army_(Japan)" title="Thirty-Seventh Army (Japan)">Japanese 37th Army</a>, which controlled Northern Borneo.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island served as the administrative centre for the Japanese forces.<sup id="cite_ref-Ooi2004_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ooi2004-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the occupation, the Japanese Government changed the island name to <b>Maida Island</b> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">前田島</span></span> [<i>Maeda-shima</i>]) on 9 December 1942 after <a href="/wiki/Marquess" title="Marquess">Marquis</a> <a href="/wiki/Toshinari_Maeda" title="Toshinari Maeda">Toshinari Maeda</a>, as a remembrance to the first Japanese commander in northern Borneo. Maeda was killed in an <a href="/wiki/Aviation_accidents_and_incidents" title="Aviation accidents and incidents">air crash</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bintulu" title="Bintulu">Bintulu</a>, Sarawak when en route to the island to open the airfield there.<sup id="cite_ref-lb_history_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lb_history-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ooi2004_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ooi2004-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the Allied counter-attack came closer, the Japanese also developed Labuan and <a href="/wiki/Brunei_Bay" title="Brunei Bay">Brunei Bay</a> as a naval base.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders2013_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders2013-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Support_Craft_(AWM_108818).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/American_Support_Craft_%28AWM_108818%29.jpg/250px-American_Support_Craft_%28AWM_108818%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/American_Support_Craft_%28AWM_108818%29.jpg/330px-American_Support_Craft_%28AWM_108818%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/American_Support_Craft_%28AWM_108818%29.jpg/500px-American_Support_Craft_%28AWM_108818%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="487" /></a><figcaption>American <a href="/wiki/Landing_craft" title="Landing craft">support craft</a> moving towards <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Labuan" title="Victoria, Labuan">Victoria</a> and Brown beach to assist the landing of the members of Australian <a href="/wiki/24th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="24th Brigade (Australia)">24th Infantry Brigade</a> on the island during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Oboe_Six" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Oboe Six">Operation Oboe Six</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Surrender,_Labuan_(AWM_115989).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Japanese_Surrender%2C_Labuan_%28AWM_115989%29.JPG/250px-Japanese_Surrender%2C_Labuan_%28AWM_115989%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Japanese_Surrender%2C_Labuan_%28AWM_115989%29.JPG/330px-Japanese_Surrender%2C_Labuan_%28AWM_115989%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="632" /></a><figcaption>Japanese Commander in Borneo, Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Masao_Baba" title="Masao Baba">Masao Baba</a> signing the surrender document dated 9 September 1945 on the <a href="/wiki/9th_Division_(Australia)" title="9th Division (Australia)">Australian 9th Division</a> headquarters in Labuan while being watched by the <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(Australia)" title="Major general (Australia)">Australian Major General</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Wootten" title="George Wootten">George Wootten</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The liberation of Borneo by the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied forces</a> began on 10 June 1945 when the Australian Army under the command of <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(Australia)" title="Major general (Australia)">Australian Major General</a> George Wootten launched an attack under the codename of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_North_Borneo" title="Battle of North Borneo">Operation Oboe Six</a>. Labuan became the main objective for the Allied forces to repossess.<sup id="cite_ref-Sandler2001_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sandler2001-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon, the <a href="/wiki/9th_Division_(Australia)" title="9th Division (Australia)">9th Division</a> of the Australian Army launched the attack with support from airstrikes and sea bombardments until the capture of the Labuan airstrip.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the Labuan island area including the main town of <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Labuan" title="Victoria, Labuan">Victoria</a> was under the control of Allied forces within four days of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Labuan" title="Battle of Labuan">landing on 10 June</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sandler2001_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sandler2001-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 9 September 1945, the Japanese Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Masao_Baba" title="Masao Baba">Masao Baba</a> officially surrendered at a place now known as Surrender Point near the Layang-layang beach which he had been brought to the 9th Division headquarters on the island to sign the surrender document in front of the Australian 9th Division Army Commander <a href="/wiki/George_Wootten" title="George Wootten">George Wootten</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name of Labuan was later restored by the British and the island was administered under the <a href="/wiki/British_Military_Administration_(Borneo)" title="British Military Administration (Borneo)">British Military Administration</a> together with the rest of the Straits Settlements. Labuan then on 15 July 1946 joined the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_North_Borneo" title="Crown Colony of North Borneo">North Borneo Crown Colony</a>, which in turn became the state of Sabah and <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> in 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-lb_history_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lb_history-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kratoska2001_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kratoska2001-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1984, the Government of Sabah ceded Labuan to the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia" title="Government of Malaysia">federal government</a> and later was admitted as a <a href="/wiki/Federal_Territories_(Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Territories (Malaysia)">federal territory</a>. This was done so that it could become an offshore financial centre.<sup id="cite_ref-labuan_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-labuan-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was declared an international offshore financial centre and <a href="/wiki/Free_trade_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Free trade zone">free trade zone</a> in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labuan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Federal_Territory_of_Labuan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Federal_Territory_of_Labuan.svg/230px-Federal_Territory_of_Labuan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Federal_Territory_of_Labuan.svg/345px-Federal_Territory_of_Labuan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Federal_Territory_of_Labuan.svg/460px-Federal_Territory_of_Labuan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="371" data-file-height="385" /></a><figcaption>A map of Labuan island including its outlying islands</figcaption></figure> <p>Labuan's area comprises the main island (Labuan Island – 91.64 square kilometres or 35.38 square miles) and six other smaller islands, Burung, <a href="/wiki/Daat_Island" title="Daat Island">Daat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuraman_Island" title="Kuraman Island">Kuraman</a>, Big Rusukan, Small Rusukan and Papan island with a total area of 91.64 square kilometres (35.38 <a href="/wiki/Square_mile" title="Square mile">square miles</a>). The islands lie 8 kilometres (5.0 miles) off the coast of Borneo, adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">Malaysian state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> and to the north of <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei Darussalam</a>, on the northern edge of <a href="/wiki/Brunei_Bay" title="Brunei Bay">Brunei Bay</a> facing the South China Sea. Labuan Island is mainly flat and undulating; its highest point is <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pmyojana360.com">Bukit Kubong</a> at 148 metres (486 feet) <a href="/wiki/Above_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above sea level">above sea level</a>. Over 70% of the island is still covered with vegetation. The main town area of Victoria is located in a position facing Brunei Bay. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islands">Islands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labuan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Islands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Labuan Island</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daat_Island" title="Daat Island">Daat Island</a></li> <li>Papan Island</li> <li>Burung Island</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuraman_Island" title="Kuraman Island">Kuraman Island</a></li> <li>Big Rusukan Island (Pulau Rusukan Besar)</li> <li>Small Rusukan Island (Pulau Rusukan Kecil)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labuan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Labuan has a tropical rainforest climate with no dry season. Over the course of a year, the temperature typically varies from 25 to 32 °C (77 to 90 °F) and is rarely below 24 °C (75 °F) or above 33 °C (91 °F). The warm season lasts from 1 April to 13 June with an average daily high temperature above 31 °C (88 °F). The hottest day of the year is 29 April, with an average high of 32 °C (90 °F) and low of 26 °C (79 °F). The cold season lasts from 7 January to 17 February with an average daily high temperature below 30 °C (86 °F). The coldest day of the year is 8 September, with an average low of 25 °C (77 °F) and high of 31 °C (88 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-weather_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weather-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The weather station for Labuan is located at <a href="/wiki/Labuan_Airport" title="Labuan Airport">Labuan Airport</a>. </p><p>Thunderstorms are the most severe precipitation observed in Labuan during 60% of those days with precipitation. They are most likely around October, when they occur very frequently. Meanwhile, the relative humidity for Labuan typically ranges from 63% (mildly humid) to 96% (very humid) over the course of the year, rarely dropping below 53% and reaching as high as 100% (extremely humid).<sup id="cite_ref-weather_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weather-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Labuan (<a href="/wiki/Labuan_Airport" title="Labuan Airport">Labuan Airport</a>) (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1930–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0<br />(93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.3<br />(95.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.4<br />(97.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.6<br />(97.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.7<br />(96.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.9<br />(94.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4<br />(93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2<br />(93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.3<br />(93.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.7<br />(94.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4<br />(93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">36.6<br />(97.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4<br />(86.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6<br />(88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1<br />(89.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1<br />(89.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7<br />(89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5<br />(88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6<br />(88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.4<br />(88.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1<br />(88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8<br />(87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">31.3<br />(88.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8<br />(82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.8<br />(82.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br />(77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">25<br />(77) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8<br />(69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #00B100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">222.8<br />(8.77) </td> <td style="background: #52FF52; color:#000000;" class="notheme">105.2<br />(4.14) </td> <td style="background: #45FF45; color:#000000;" class="notheme">124.4<br />(4.90) </td> <td style="background: #00B000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">216.5<br />(8.52) </td> <td style="background: #007000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">267.0<br />(10.51) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">312.1<br />(12.29) </td> <td style="background: #003F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">299.3<br />(11.78) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">311.1<br />(12.25) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">332.9<br />(13.11) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">427.5<br />(16.83) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">364.8<br />(14.36) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">336.4<br />(13.24) </td> <td style="background: #005A00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,320<br />(130.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #6060FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #4D4DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.4 </td> <td style="background: #4646FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.5 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.0 </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.3 </td> <td style="background: #3A3AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.4 </td> <td style="background: #1B1BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.4 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.4 </td> <td style="background: #4242FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.3 </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">162.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(at 14:00)</span> </th> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">71 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">202.6 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">199.8 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">248.2 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">250.3 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">243.1 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">214.9 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">220.5 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">222.3 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">195.6 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">206.0 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">209.7 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">214.4 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,627.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a><sup id="cite_ref-WMOCLINO_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMOCLINO-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a></i></span> (humidity, 1939–1966)<sup id="cite_ref-DWD_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DWD-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)<sup id="cite_ref-meteoclimat_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meteoclimat-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labuan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Labuan is one of the Malaysian federal government territories. The island is administered by the federal government through the Department of Federal Territories, a department under the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Department_(Malaysia)" title="Prime Minister's Department (Malaysia)">Prime Minister's Department (Malaysia)</a>. <a href="/wiki/Labuan_Corporation" title="Labuan Corporation">Labuan Corporation</a> is the municipal government for the island and is headed by a chairman who is responsible for the development and administration of the island. Labuan has one representative in each of the Lower and Upper Houses of <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Parliament</a>. Typically, the current member of the parliament of Labuan will be appointed to become chairman of Labuan Corporation. </p><p>The island is represented in the lower house of parliament by MP Suhaili Abdul Rahman of PN and in the upper house by Senator Anifah Aman of Parti Cinta Sabah, making him the first non-Labuan resident senator. Below is the list of administrators of Labuan Corporation from 2001 to the current date: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>From </th> <th>To </th></tr> <tr> <td>Othman Mohd Rijal </td> <td>2001 </td> <td>2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Suhaili Abdul Rahman </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ahmad Phesal Talib </td> <td>2008 </td> <td>2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yussof_Mahal" title="Yussof Mahal">Yussof Mahal</a> </td> <td>2011 </td> <td>2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rozman_Isli" title="Rozman Isli">Rozman Haji Isli</a> </td> <td>2013 </td> <td>2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Amir Hussein </td> <td>2019 </td> <td>2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bashir_Alias" title="Bashir Alias">Bashir Alias</a> </td> <td>2021 </td> <td>2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anifah_Aman" title="Anifah Aman">Anifah Aman</a> </td> <td>2023 </td> <td>Incumbent </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_subdivision">Administrative subdivision</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labuan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Administrative subdivision"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Federal Territory is administratively subdivided into the capital <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Labuan" title="Victoria, Labuan">Bandar Victoria</a> and 27 <i>kampung</i> (administrative villages),<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and which are ruled by appointed <i>Ketua Kampung</i> (headmen): </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol><li>Bukit Kalam</li> <li>Durian Tunjung</li> <li>Tanjung Aru</li> <li>Pohon Batu</li> <li>Batu Arang</li> <li>Patau-Patau 2</li> <li>Belukut</li> <li>Sungai Keling</li> <li>Sungai Bedaun / Sungai Sembilang</li> <li>Layang-Layangan</li> <li>Sungai Labu</li> <li>Pantai</li> <li>Gersik / Saguking / Jawa / Parit</li> <li>Sungai Buton</li> <li>Kilan / Kilan Pulau Akar</li> <li>Lajau</li> <li>Rancha-Rancha</li> <li>Nagalang / Kerupang</li> <li>Bebuloh</li> <li>Sungai Lada</li> <li>Lubok Temiang</li> <li>Sungai Bangat</li> <li>Sungai Miri / Pagar</li> <li>Patau-Patau 1</li> <li>Batu Manikar</li> <li>Bukit Kuda</li> <li>Ganggarak / Merinding</li></ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security">Security</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labuan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Security is the responsibility of the federal government, with naval patrol vessels, a garrison, and an air detachment based on the island. The vigilance of the local Coast Guard and Customs and Excise contribute to the maintenance of Labuan's reputation and status as an international offshore financial centre and free trade zone. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labuan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population_and_religion">Population and religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labuan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Population and religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1991 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">54,241</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2000 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">70,871</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+30.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2010 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">83,920</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+18.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2020 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">95,120</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+13.3%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on <a class="external text" href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/charts/">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Chart" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Chart">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-2020KF_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020KF-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,white); color: var(--color-base,black)"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion in Labuan – 2020 Census<sup id="cite_ref-2020KF_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020KF-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Green; width:77.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">77.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Christianity</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Blue; width:13.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">13.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:yellow; width:8.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">8.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:orange; width:0.6%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other religions</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Gray; width:0.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">No religion</a> / Unknown</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Black; width:0.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.1%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Masjid_Jamek_Annur,_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Masjid_Jamek_Annur%2C_2021.jpg/250px-Masjid_Jamek_Annur%2C_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Masjid_Jamek_Annur%2C_2021.jpg/330px-Masjid_Jamek_Annur%2C_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Masjid_Jamek_Annur%2C_2021.jpg/500px-Masjid_Jamek_Annur%2C_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3534" data-file-height="2651" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/An-Nur_Jamek_Mosque,_Labuan" title="An-Nur Jamek Mosque, Labuan">An-Nur State Mosque</a>, 2021</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Labuan_Malaysia_Kwang-Fook-Kong-Temple-02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Labuan_Malaysia_Kwang-Fook-Kong-Temple-02.jpg/250px-Labuan_Malaysia_Kwang-Fook-Kong-Temple-02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Labuan_Malaysia_Kwang-Fook-Kong-Temple-02.jpg/330px-Labuan_Malaysia_Kwang-Fook-Kong-Temple-02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Labuan_Malaysia_Kwang-Fook-Kong-Temple-02.jpg/500px-Labuan_Malaysia_Kwang-Fook-Kong-Temple-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4251" data-file-height="2834" /></a><figcaption>Kwang Fook Kong Temple</figcaption></figure> <p>According to Malaysia's Department of Statistics, Labuan's population was 86,908 at the 2010 Census and 95,120 at the 2020 Census.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ethnic composition in 2020 in Labuan was: <a href="/wiki/Malay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay people">Malay people</a> including <a href="/wiki/Kedayan" title="Kedayan">Kedayan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruneian Malay">Bruneian Malay</a> (34,068), <a href="/wiki/Kadazan-Dusun" title="Kadazan-Dusun">Kadazan-Dusun</a> including/excluding <a href="/wiki/Rungus_people" title="Rungus people">Rungus</a> (9,408), <a href="/wiki/Bajau_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bajau people">Bajau</a> (6,866), <a href="/wiki/Murut_people" title="Murut people">Murut</a> (1265), <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">Chinese</a> (9,843), <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indians" title="Malaysian Indians">Indians</a> (891), <a href="/wiki/Lundayeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Lundayeh">Lundayeh</a> and other ethnic groups (21,947), and non-Malaysian citizens (10,832). The majority of Chinese people in Labuan are from the <a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> dialect group (but has been since decreasing due to migration to the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsula</a> as well as overseas); however, there are also many <a href="/wiki/Hakka_people" title="Hakka people">Hakkas</a>, most of whom are migrants or descendants of migrants from mainland Sabah as well as local-born Hakkas, whom are settled for more than 2 to 3 generations in the island dating as long as the <a href="/wiki/North_Borneo" title="North Borneo">colonial period</a>, in which they came as stopover migrants or traders before embarking to the mainland (even when it was still an only island offshore municipality within <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> state jurisdiction from 1963 to 1984) as well as a negligible minority of <a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_people" title="Fuzhou people">Fuzhounese</a> from neighbouring Sarawak, mostly working as government staff and those posted in the petroleum and gas offshore industries and to a lesser extent a large minority of <a href="/wiki/Dayak_people" title="Dayak people">Dayaks</a> also from Sarawak who are resident here and their local-born descendants whom are mostly ethnically <a href="/wiki/Iban_people" title="Iban people">Iban</a> with pockets of <a href="/wiki/Bidayuh" title="Bidayuh">Bidayuh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orang_Ulu" title="Orang Ulu">Orang Ulu</a> residents. </p><p>As of 2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Labuan&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> Census the population of Labuan is 76.0% <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>, 12.4% Christian, 9.0% <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a>, 0.4% <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a>, 2.1% follower of other religions, and 0.1% non-religious. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: lem auto lem auto;"> <caption>Labuan Ethnic Composition (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-pop2_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop2-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:#efefef;"> <th scope="col">Ethnic groups </th> <th scope="col">Ethnics </th> <th scope="col">Total </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Bumiputera_(Malaysia)" title="Bumiputera (Malaysia)">Bumiputera</a> </td> <td>Malay </td> <td>34,068 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kadazan-Dusun (including/excluding Rungus) </td> <td>9,408 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bajau </td> <td>6,866 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Murut </td> <td>1,265 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lun Bawang/Lundayeh and Other Bumiputeras <br /> (mostly Dayaks from Sarawak) </td> <td>21,064 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Non-Bumiputeras </td> <td>Chinese </td> <td>9,843 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Indian </td> <td>891 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Others </td> <td>883 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1">Non-citizen </td> <td> </td> <td>10,832 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>95,120</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labuan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Labuan_port-Malaysia.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Labuan_port-Malaysia.JPG/220px-Labuan_port-Malaysia.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Labuan_port-Malaysia.JPG/330px-Labuan_port-Malaysia.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Labuan_port-Malaysia.JPG/440px-Labuan_port-Malaysia.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Labuan Port</figcaption></figure> <p>The economy of Labuan thrives on its vast oil and gas resources and international investment and banking services. Labuan is very much an import-export oriented economy. Virtually all of its commodities including <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">crude oil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methanol" title="Methanol">methanol</a>, HBI, <a href="/wiki/Natural_Gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural Gas">gas</a>, flour, animal feed, sea products, and ceramic tiles are exported either to Peninsular Malaysia or overseas. Raw materials, parts, and equipments for industrial uses well as consumer products are imported. In 2004, the total value of Labuan's external trade reached MYR11.8 billion from only MYR5.0 billion in 1995 for a net trade surplus of MYR5.1 billion. Among its major trade partners are India, Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak, and South Korea. 65% of its exports are petroleum and gas-based products.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Labuan is estimated at MYR3.63 billion in 2012 with a growth rate of 5.8 per cent. Labuan GDP per capita in 2012 is MYR39,682. The total employment for Labuan is around 39,800 in 2012. The main economic sectors in Labuan is service and manufacturing which contributed 94.6 per cent to the island GDP. The service sector consisted mainly of Finance and Insurance and Real Estate and Business Services. Meanwhile, the manufacturing sector consists mainly of oil and gas industry and support.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Labuan_Malaysia_Financial-Park-Complex-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Labuan_Malaysia_Financial-Park-Complex-01.jpg/220px-Labuan_Malaysia_Financial-Park-Complex-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Labuan_Malaysia_Financial-Park-Complex-01.jpg/330px-Labuan_Malaysia_Financial-Park-Complex-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Labuan_Malaysia_Financial-Park-Complex-01.jpg/440px-Labuan_Malaysia_Financial-Park-Complex-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3830" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Labuan Financial Park complex, also known as Ujana Kewangan (UK) by many Labuanese.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Labuan International Business and Financial Centre <a href="/wiki/Labuan_IBFC" class="mw-redirect" title="Labuan IBFC">Labuan IBFC</a> was created as Malaysia's only offshore financial hub in October 1990 and was operating under the name of Labuan International Offshore Financial Centre (IOFC). At the time it was established to strengthen the contribution of financial services to the <a href="/wiki/Gross_National_Product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross National Product">Gross National Product</a> (GNP) of Malaysia as well as to develop the island and its surrounding vicinity. The jurisdiction, supervised by the Labuan Offshore Financial Services Authority or LOFSA, offers benefits such as 3% tax on net audited results or a flat rate of Malaysian Ringgit (MYR) 20,000 to trading companies; low operational costs; liberal exchange controls; and a host of other advantages including readily available, experienced and professional service providers. In 2010 the notion "offshore" was excluded from all the statutes of Labuan due to world pressure on the tax havens and offshores. </p><p>Since its inception, the jurisdiction has expanded to become a base for more than 4,800 <a href="/wiki/Offshore_company" title="Offshore company">offshore companies</a> and 68 licensed banks. The IBFC also has over 370 registered foundations, 100 partnerships, and over 63 licensed trusts.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Labuan IBFC is embarking on an aggressive growth strategy to become the premier international business and financial centre in the Asia Pacific region. </p><p>Labuan's business focus is on five core areas: offshore holding companies, captive insurance, Shariah-compliant Islamic Finance structures, public and private funds, and wealth management. Labuan IBFC's position is further enhanced by the launch of the Malaysian International Islamic Finance Centre initiative in August 2006. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labuan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike other federal territory, Labuan is underdeveloped. The island's urban landscape is characterised by a mix of older buildings and limited modern architectural advancements. Key infrastructure projects, such as road networks and public transportation systems, are less advanced nor extensive, resulting in significant traffic issues during peak hours, particularly in the early morning and evening commutes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Labuan-Menumbok_Bridge">Labuan-Menumbok Bridge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labuan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Labuan-Menumbok Bridge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Labuan" title="Special:EditPage/Labuan">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2025</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>One of the most anticipated infrastructure projects is the proposed bridge connecting Labuan to Menumbok in mainland Sabah. Like <a href="/wiki/Penang_Bridge" title="Penang Bridge">Penang Bridge</a>. Labuan-Menumbok bridge aims to enhance connectivity and stimulate economic growth by providing a direct link between the island and the mainland. The project is expected to reduce travel time, improve the movement of goods and people, and boost tourism in the region, reflecting their commitment to regional development and integration. </p><p>The proposal was first introduced in the 1990s. However, it has faced numerous delays due to fact that the feasibility studies for the project were outdated and needed to be updated for the project to proceed smoothly. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labuan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Labuan offers two primary modes of transportation for travel to and from the island. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_ferry">Water ferry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labuan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Water ferry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Labuan Ferry: One of the main routes is via water ferry services to Sabah and Sarawak. This ferry service is a vital link for passengers and vehicles, providing a convenient and scenic route across the island's strait. </p><p>In May 2024, <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Prime Minister Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim</a> emphasised the need to update existing technical studies to reflect the current situation, such as upgrading works at the terminal, which costed RM22 Million. The funding is intended to enhance the facilities, infrastructure, jetty, and ferry ramp at the terminal. The Prime Minister said the estimated one-hour embarkation time could be reduced by addressing delays caused by immigration checks. He emphasised that efficient services from local enforcement agencies were crucial in resolving congestion issues at the terminal, rather than relying solely on new infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_travel">Air travel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labuan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Air travel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Labuan_Airport" title="Labuan Airport">Labuan Airport</a> facilitates air travel to the major destinations. The airport hosts several airlines: </p> <ul><li><b>Malaysia Airlines</b>: Provides regular flights to Kuala Lumpur, the capital city of Malaysia, offering connectivity to both domestic and international destinations.</li> <li><b>AirAsia</b>: Another major airline operating from Labuan Airport, AirAsia also offers flights to Kuala Lumpur, catering to budget-conscious travellers.</li> <li><b>MASwings</b>: A regional airline, MASwings, operates flights to Miri in Sarawak, enhancing connectivity within East Malaysia.</li></ul> <p>These transportation options ensure that W.P. Labuan remains accessible and well-connected, supporting both the local population and visitors to the island. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Places_of_interest">Places of interest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labuan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Places of interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Labuan-Chimney.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Labuan-Chimney.jpg/170px-Labuan-Chimney.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Labuan-Chimney.jpg/255px-Labuan-Chimney.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Labuan-Chimney.jpg/340px-Labuan-Chimney.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1233" data-file-height="1850" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chimney_Museum" title="Chimney Museum">Chimney</a> at the Colliery Fields</figcaption></figure> <p>There are several attractions and places of interest in Labuan. The <a href="/wiki/Labuan_War_Cemetery" title="Labuan War Cemetery">Labuan War Cemetery</a> contains various war graves and memorials to the fallen of World War II. This includes British, Australian, Indian, Sarawakian, Bruneian, North Bornean, and Empire troops, with a total of 3,908 graves of fallen soldiers. A memorial service is held on Remembrance Day once every four years. The territory also has a memorial celebrating the surrender of the Japanese to the Australian Forces in 1945. Remnants of Labuan's history as a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Coaling_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Coaling station">coaling station</a> include <a href="/wiki/Chimney_Museum" title="Chimney Museum">the chimney</a>, a well known local landmark. Labuan also contains a <a href="/wiki/Labuan_Maritime_Museum" title="Labuan Maritime Museum">Labuan Maritime Museum</a>. </p><p>Labuan is also the base for diving on four popular wreck dives: the Cement wreck, the American wreck (the first <a href="/wiki/USS_Salute_(AM-294)" title="USS Salute (AM-294)">USS <i>Salute</i></a>), the Australian wreck and the Blue Water wreck.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Labuan has many schools. However, it has only one international school, Labuan International School.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other places of interest include the Labuan International Sea Sport Complex. Newly proposed is the Marina Centre and Labuan Square project which were completed in 2010. </p><p>Labuan's own institution of higher education is Universiti Malaysia Sabah Labuan International Campus,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a branch of Universiti Malaysia Sabah in Sepanggar Bay, <a href="/wiki/Kota_Kinabalu" title="Kota Kinabalu">Kota Kinabalu</a>. Labuan also has <a href="/wiki/Kolej_Matrikulasi_Labuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolej Matrikulasi Labuan">Kolej Matrikulasi Labuan</a>, the only matriculation college in East Malaysia. All pre-university students from <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a>, and Labuan take their courses at this institution. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Labuan-war-cemetery.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Labuan War Cemetery"><img alt="Labuan War Cemetery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Labuan-war-cemetery.jpg/200px-Labuan-war-cemetery.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Labuan-war-cemetery.jpg/300px-Labuan-war-cemetery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Labuan-war-cemetery.jpg/400px-Labuan-war-cemetery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="614" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Labuan_War_Cemetery" title="Labuan War Cemetery">Labuan War Cemetery</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Labuan_Malaysia_Clock-Tower-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Replica Clock Tower of 1906[note 1]"><img alt="Replica Clock Tower of 1906[note 1]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Labuan_Malaysia_Clock-Tower-01.jpg/250px-Labuan_Malaysia_Clock-Tower-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Labuan_Malaysia_Clock-Tower-01.jpg/330px-Labuan_Malaysia_Clock-Tower-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Labuan_Malaysia_Clock-Tower-01.jpg/500px-Labuan_Malaysia_Clock-Tower-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3122" data-file-height="2230" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Replica Clock Tower of 1906<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Labuan_MuziumLabuan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Labuan Museum"><img alt="Labuan Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Labuan_MuziumLabuan.jpg/200px-Labuan_MuziumLabuan.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Labuan_MuziumLabuan.jpg/300px-Labuan_MuziumLabuan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Labuan_MuziumLabuan.jpg/400px-Labuan_MuziumLabuan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1850" data-file-height="1233" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Labuan_Museum" title="Labuan Museum">Labuan Museum</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Postage_stamps_and_postal_history">Postage stamps and postal history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labuan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Postage stamps and postal history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamp_Labuan_1885_2c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Stamp_Labuan_1885_2c.jpg/120px-Stamp_Labuan_1885_2c.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Stamp_Labuan_1885_2c.jpg/250px-Stamp_Labuan_1885_2c.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="578" /></a><figcaption>1885 2c stamp</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2c_stamp_of_labuan_north_borneo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/2c_stamp_of_labuan_north_borneo.jpg/120px-2c_stamp_of_labuan_north_borneo.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/2c_stamp_of_labuan_north_borneo.jpg/250px-2c_stamp_of_labuan_north_borneo.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="419" /></a><figcaption>Stamp of North Borneo overprinted "Labuan", 1897</figcaption></figure> <p>A post office was operating in Labuan by 1864, and used a circular date stamp as <a href="/wiki/Postmark" title="Postmark">postmark</a>. The postage stamps of <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">India</a> and Hong Kong were used on some mail, but they were probably carried there by individuals, instead of being on sale in Labuan. Mail was routed through Singapore. From 1867, Labuan officially used the postage stamps of the Straits Settlements but began issuing its own in May 1879. </p><p>Although initially the design for the first stamp issue was proposed to be depicting a clump of <a href="/wiki/Sago_palm" title="Sago palm">sago palms</a>, for economic reasons, the queen heads design was finally adopted, having been used initially for postage stamps of <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first stamps of Labuan therefore depict the usual profile of <a href="/wiki/Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria of the United Kingdom">Queen Victoria</a> but are unusual for being inscribed in Malay-Arabic (<a href="/wiki/Jawi_script" title="Jawi script">Jawi</a>) and Chinese scripts in addition to "LABUAN POSTAGE". Perennial shortages necessitated a variety of <a href="/wiki/Fee" title="Fee">surcharges</a> in between the several reprints and colour changes of the 1880s. The original stamps were engraved, but the last of the design, in April 1894, were done by <a href="/wiki/Lithography" title="Lithography">lithography</a>. </p><p>Beginning in May 1894, the stamps of North Borneo were overprinted "LABUAN". On 24 September 1896, the 50th anniversary of the cession was marked by overprinting "1846 / JUBILEE / 1896" on North Borneo stamps. Additional overprints appeared through the 1890s. In 1899 many types were surcharged with a value of 4 cents. </p><p>The last Labuan-only design came out in 1902, depicting a crown and inscribed "LABUAN COLONY". After incorporation into the Straits Settlements in 1906, Labuan ceased issuing its own stamps, although they remained valid for some time. Many of the remainder were <a href="/wiki/Cancelled-to-order" title="Cancelled-to-order">cancelled-to-order</a> for sale to collectors and are now worth only pennies; genuine franked/post used stamps are worth much more. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Federal_parliament_seats">Federal parliament seats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labuan&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Federal parliament seats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>List of Labuan representatives in the Federal Parliament (Dewan Rakyat) </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Parliament </th> <th>Seat Name </th> <th>Member of Parliament </th> <th>Party </th></tr> <tr> <th>P166 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Labuan_(federal_constituency)" title="Labuan (federal constituency)">Labuan</a> </td> <td>Suhaili Abdul Rahman </td> <td bgcolor="#031e61"><span style="color:white;"><b><a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional"><span style="color:white;">PN</span></a></b> (<b><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_United_Indigenous_Party" title="Malaysian United Indigenous Party"><span style="color:white;">BERSATU</span></a></b>)</span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_residents">Notable residents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labuan&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notable residents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Sani" title="Hassan Sani">Hassan Sani</a>, Malaysian and Sabah football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelvin_Teo" title="Kelvin Teo">Kelvin Teo</a>, young entrepreneur and season 1 winner of reality show <i>Love Me Do</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Kong" title="Karen Kong">Karen Kong</a>, Hong Kong-based Malaysian pop singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suresh_Singh" title="Suresh Singh">Suresh Singh</a>, right-hand bowler who plays for the Malaysian cricket national team</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yussof_Mahal" title="Yussof Mahal">Yussof Mahal</a>, politician from <a href="/wiki/Barisan_National" class="mw-redirect" title="Barisan National">Barisan National</a> party and former Member of Parliament for Labuan</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Malaysia" title="Portal:Malaysia">Malaysia portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labuan&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Labuan_Malaysia_Clock-Tower-08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Labuan_Malaysia_Clock-Tower-08.jpg/150px-Labuan_Malaysia_Clock-Tower-08.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Labuan_Malaysia_Clock-Tower-08.jpg/225px-Labuan_Malaysia_Clock-Tower-08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Labuan_Malaysia_Clock-Tower-08.jpg/300px-Labuan_Malaysia_Clock-Tower-08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3770" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>An inscription about the new clock tower.</figcaption></figure></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labuan&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cVQDZFM1T2IC&pg=PA1926"><i>Geographical Dictionary of the World</i></a>. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 1926–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7268-012-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7268-012-1"><bdi>978-81-7268-012-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geographical+Dictionary+of+the+World&rft.pages=1926-&rft.pub=Concept+Publishing+Company&rft.isbn=978-81-7268-012-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcVQDZFM1T2IC%26pg%3DPA1926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708202650/http://www.statistics.gov.my/ccount12/click.php?id=2127">"Preliminary Count Report 2010"</a>. Department of Statistics, Malaysia. p. 27. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.my/ccount12/click.php?id=2127">the original</a> on 8 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Preliminary+Count+Report+2010&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Department+of+Statistics%2C+Malaysia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.my%2Fccount12%2Fclick.php%3Fid%3D2127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cone&menu_id=NmZ4RUtKY3ZPblVWZ0VqeXk5SEg1dz09">"Department of Statistics Malaysia Official Portal"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Department+of+Statistics+Malaysia+Official+Portal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dosm.gov.my%2Fv1%2Findex.php%3Fr%3Dcolumn%2Fcone%26menu_id%3DNmZ4RUtKY3ZPblVWZ0VqeXk5SEg1dz09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Labuan_population-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Labuan_population_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dosm.gov.my/portal-main/release-content/demographic-statistics-first-quarter-2024">"Demographic Statistics, First Quarter 2024"</a>. <i>Department of Statistics, Malaysia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Statistics%2C+Malaysia&rft.atitle=Demographic+Statistics%2C+First+Quarter+2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dosm.gov.my%2Fportal-main%2Frelease-content%2Fdemographic-statistics-first-quarter-2024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBradbury_&_Evans1856" class="citation web cs1">Bradbury & Evans (1856). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/digital/collections/cul/texts/ldpd_6769878_000/pages/ldpd_6769878_000_00000209.html">"Crawfurd, John, A descriptive dictionary of the Indian islands & adjacent countries"</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Libraries" title="Columbia University Libraries">Columbia University Libraries</a>. p. 203<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crawfurd%2C+John%2C+A+descriptive+dictionary+of+the+Indian+islands+%26+adjacent+countries&rft.place=London&rft.pages=203&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Libraries&rft.date=1856&rft.au=Bradbury+%26+Evans&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbia.edu%2Fcu%2Flweb%2Fdigital%2Fcollections%2Fcul%2Ftexts%2Fldpd_6769878_000%2Fpages%2Fldpd_6769878_000_00000209.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lb_history-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lb_history_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lb_history_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lb_history_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lb_history_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lb_history_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lb_history_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lb_history_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lb_history_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lb_history_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lb_history_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStephen_R._EvansAbdul_Rahman_ZainalRod_Wong_Khet_Ngee1996" class="citation book cs1">Stephen R. Evans; Abdul Rahman Zainal; Rod Wong Khet Ngee (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130701160652/http://library.perdana.org.my/Digital_Content/NLM/Batch3/B03_PDF_DVD001/15%20sep/M959.521EVAHistoryOfLabuanVictoriaIsland.pdf"><i>The History of Labuan Island (Victoria Island)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Calendar Print Pte Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/981-00-7764-5" title="Special:BookSources/981-00-7764-5"><bdi>981-00-7764-5</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.perdana.org.my/Digital_Content/NLM/Batch3/B03_PDF_DVD001/15%20sep/M959.521EVAHistoryOfLabuanVictoriaIsland.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 1 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Labuan+Island+%28Victoria+Island%29&rft.pub=Calendar+Print+Pte+Ltd&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=981-00-7764-5&rft.au=Stephen+R.+Evans&rft.au=Abdul+Rahman+Zainal&rft.au=Rod+Wong+Khet+Ngee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.perdana.org.my%2FDigital_Content%2FNLM%2FBatch3%2FB03_PDF_DVD001%2F15%2520sep%2FM959.521EVAHistoryOfLabuanVictoriaIsland.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McColl2005-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McColl2005_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McColl2005_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFR._W._McColl2005" class="citation book cs1">R. W. McColl (1 January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DJgnebGbAB8C&pg=PA123"><i>Encyclopedia of World Geography</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. pp. 123–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-7229-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-7229-3"><bdi>978-0-8160-7229-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+World+Geography&rft.pages=123-&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-7229-3&rft.au=R.+W.+McColl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDJgnebGbAB8C%26pg%3DPA123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lb-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lb_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lb_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRozan_Yunos2008" class="citation web cs1">Rozan Yunos (7 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140428182303/http://www.bt.com.bn/life/2008/09/07/loss_of_labuan_a_former_brunei_island">"Loss of Labuan, a former Brunei island"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Brunei_Times" title="The Brunei Times">The Brunei Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bt.com.bn/life/2008/09/07/loss_of_labuan_a_former_brunei_island">the original</a> on 28 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Loss+of+Labuan%2C+a+former+Brunei+island&rft.pub=The+Brunei+Times&rft.date=2008-09-07&rft.au=Rozan+Yunos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bt.com.bn%2Flife%2F2008%2F09%2F07%2Floss_of_labuan_a_former_brunei_island&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lbc-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lbc_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lbc_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article709047">"Opening of the New Colony of Labuan"</a>. <i>Sydney Daily Advertiser</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" title="National Library of Australia">National Library of Australia</a>. 23 September 1848<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sydney+Daily+Advertiser&rft.atitle=Opening+of+the+New+Colony+of+Labuan&rft.date=1848-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article709047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mathews2014-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mathews2014_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mathews2014_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPhilip_Mathews2014" class="citation book cs1">Philip Mathews (28 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=md9UAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA15"><i>Chronicle of Malaysia: Fifty Years of Headline News, 1963–2013</i></a>. Editions Didier Millet. pp. 15–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-967-10617-4-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-967-10617-4-9"><bdi>978-967-10617-4-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronicle+of+Malaysia%3A+Fifty+Years+of+Headline+News%2C+1963%E2%80%932013&rft.pages=15-&rft.pub=Editions+Didier+Millet&rft.date=2014-02-28&rft.isbn=978-967-10617-4-9&rft.au=Philip+Mathews&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmd9UAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RentonRobertson1908-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RentonRobertson1908_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RentonRobertson1908_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlexander_Wood_RentonMaxwell_Anderson_RobertsonFrederick_PollockWilliam_Bowstead1908" class="citation book cs1">Alexander Wood Renton; Maxwell Anderson Robertson; Frederick Pollock; William Bowstead (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7QsyAAAAIAAJ"><i>Encyclopædia of the laws of England with forms and precedents by the most eminent legal authorities</i></a>. Sweet & Maxwell.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+of+the+laws+of+England+with+forms+and+precedents+by+the+most+eminent+legal+authorities&rft.pub=Sweet+%26+Maxwell&rft.date=1908&rft.au=Alexander+Wood+Renton&rft.au=Maxwell+Anderson+Robertson&rft.au=Frederick+Pollock&rft.au=William+Bowstead&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7QsyAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Office1917-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Office1917_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Office1917_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States._Hydrographic_Office1917" class="citation book cs1">United States. Hydrographic Office (1917). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VNQNAQAAMAAJ"><i>Asiatic Pilot: The coasts of Sumatra and the adjacent straits and islands</i></a>. Hydrographic office under the authority of the secretary of the navy.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asiatic+Pilot%3A+The+coasts+of+Sumatra+and+the+adjacent+straits+and+islands&rft.pub=Hydrographic+office+under+the+authority+of+the+secretary+of+the+navy&rft.date=1917&rft.au=United+States.+Hydrographic+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVNQNAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kratoska2001-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kratoska2001_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kratoska2001_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPaul_H._Kratoska2001" class="citation book cs1">Paul H. Kratoska (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yookbQZ-0yUC&pg=PA129"><i>South East Asia, Colonial History: Peaceful transitions to independence (1945–1963)</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. pp. 129–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-24784-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-24784-9"><bdi>978-0-415-24784-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+East+Asia%2C+Colonial+History%3A+Peaceful+transitions+to+independence+%281945%E2%80%931963%29&rft.pages=129-&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-415-24784-9&rft.au=Paul+H.+Kratoska&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyookbQZ-0yUC%26pg%3DPA129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-labuan-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-labuan_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-labuan_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140429050631/http://www.dvs.gov.my/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=01e32808-0a2b-4369-9747-2021f14012c9&groupId=16746">"Laws of Malaysia A585 Constitution (Amendment) (No.2) Act 1984"</a>. <i>Government of Malaysia</i>. Department of Veterinary Services. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dvs.gov.my/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=01e32808-0a2b-4369-9747-2021f14012c9&groupId=16746">the original</a> on 29 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Malaysia&rft.atitle=Laws+of+Malaysia+A585+Constitution+%28Amendment%29+%28No.2%29+Act+1984&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dvs.gov.my%2Fc%2Fdocument_library%2Fget_file%3Fuuid%3D01e32808-0a2b-4369-9747-2021f14012c9%26groupId%3D16746&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B.A. Hussainmiya, Brunei Revival of 1906 A Popular History, Brunei Press Sdn Bhd, Brunei, 2006, p.xi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRodney_MundyJames_Brooke1848" class="citation book cs1">Rodney Mundy; James Brooke (1848). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FB1JAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA367"><i>Narrative of events in Borneo and Celebes, down to the occupation of Labuan: from the journals of James Brooke, Rajah of Sarãwak, and governor of Labuan, together with a narrative of the operations of H.M.S. Iris</i></a>. Murray. pp. 367–.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Narrative+of+events+in+Borneo+and+Celebes%2C+down+to+the+occupation+of+Labuan%3A+from+the+journals+of+James+Brooke%2C+Rajah+of+Sar%C3%A3wak%2C+and+governor+of+Labuan%2C+together+with+a+narrative+of+the+operations+of+H.M.S.+Iris&rft.pages=367-&rft.pub=Murray&rft.date=1848&rft.au=Rodney+Mundy&rft.au=James+Brooke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFB1JAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA367&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saunders2013-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders2013_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders2013_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGraham_Saunders2013" class="citation book cs1">Graham Saunders (5 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DUv8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA78"><i>A History of Brunei</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 78 & 123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-87394-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-87394-2"><bdi>978-1-136-87394-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Brunei&rft.pages=78+%26+123&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-11-05&rft.isbn=978-1-136-87394-2&rft.au=Graham+Saunders&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDUv8AQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFB.A._Hussainmiya2006" class="citation book cs1">B.A. Hussainmiya (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140912112209/http://www.ubd.edu.bn/academic/faculty/FASS/staff/docs/BAH/revival.pdf"><i>Brunei Revival of 1906 (A Popular History) – The Surrender of Labuan and The First Brunei-British Treaty</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan">Bandar Seri Begawan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Universiti_Brunei_Darussalam" title="Universiti Brunei Darussalam">Universiti Brunei Darussalam</a>; Brunei Press Sdn Bhd. pp. 12/34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/99917-32-15-2" title="Special:BookSources/99917-32-15-2"><bdi>99917-32-15-2</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ubd.edu.bn/academic/faculty/FASS/staff/docs/BAH/revival.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brunei+Revival+of+1906+%28A+Popular+History%29+%E2%80%93+The+Surrender+of+Labuan+and+The+First+Brunei-British+Treaty&rft.place=Bandar+Seri+Begawan&rft.pages=12%2F34&rft.pub=Universiti+Brunei+Darussalam%3B+Brunei+Press+Sdn+Bhd&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=99917-32-15-2&rft.au=B.A.+Hussainmiya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubd.edu.bn%2Facademic%2Ffaculty%2FFASS%2Fstaff%2Fdocs%2FBAH%2Frevival.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFW._H._Treacher,_C.M.G._M.A._Oxon1891" class="citation web cs1">W. H. Treacher, C.M.G. M.A. Oxon (1891). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131011213647/http://www.ttc.edu.sg/csca/rart_doc/treacher1891.pdf">"British Borneo: Sketches of Brunai, Sarawak, Labuan and North Borneo"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Libraries" title="University of California Libraries">University of California Libraries</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Theological_College,_Singapore" title="Trinity Theological College, Singapore">Trinity Theological College</a>. pp. 12 / Chapter VI. Pages 84–92. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ttc.edu.sg/csca/rart_doc/treacher1891.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+California+Libraries&rft.atitle=British+Borneo%3A+Sketches+of+Brunai%2C+Sarawak%2C+Labuan+and+North+Borneo&rft.pages=12+%2F+Chapter+VI.+Pages+84-92&rft.date=1891&rft.au=W.+H.+Treacher%2C+C.M.G.+M.A.+Oxon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ttc.edu.sg%2Fcsca%2Frart_doc%2Ftreacher1891.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHenry_Keppel2009" class="citation book cs1">Henry Keppel (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CHVCGKBzhYwC&pg=PA304"><i>The Expedition to Borneo of H. M. S. Dido: 1843 – 1846</i></a>. BoD – Books on Demand. pp. 304–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-941842-95-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-941842-95-3"><bdi>978-3-941842-95-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Expedition+to+Borneo+of+H.+M.+S.+Dido%3A+1843+%E2%80%93+1846&rft.pages=304-&rft.pub=BoD+%E2%80%93+Books+on+Demand&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-3-941842-95-3&rft.au=Henry+Keppel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCHVCGKBzhYwC%26pg%3DPA304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes18481014.2.14.aspx">"The Straits Times, 14 October 1848, Page 3 (Labuan)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Library_Board" title="National Library Board">National Library Board</a>. 14 October 1848. p. 3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Straits+Times%2C+14+October+1848%2C+Page+3+%28Labuan%29&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=National+Library+Board&rft.date=1848-10-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fnewspapers%2FDigitised%2FArticle%2Fstraitstimes18481014.2.14.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes18481021.2.14.aspx">"The Straits Times, 21 October 1848, Page 3 (Labuan)"</a>. National Library Board. 21 October 1848. p. 3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Straits+Times%2C+21+October+1848%2C+Page+3+%28Labuan%29&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=National+Library+Board&rft.date=1848-10-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fnewspapers%2FDigitised%2FArticle%2Fstraitstimes18481021.2.14.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:wright-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:wright_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWright1970" class="citation book cs1">Wright, LR (1970). <i>The Origin of British Borneo</i>. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. p. 205.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origin+of+British+Borneo&rft.place=Hong+Kong&rft.pages=205&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=LR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRodney_MundyJames_Brooke1848" class="citation book cs1">Rodney Mundy; James Brooke (1848). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FB1JAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA367"><i>Narrative of events in Borneo and Celebes, down to the occupation of Labuan: from the journals of James Brooke, Rajah of Sarãwak, and governor of Labuan, together with a narrative of the operations of H.M.S. Iris</i></a>. Murray. pp. 367–.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Narrative+of+events+in+Borneo+and+Celebes%2C+down+to+the+occupation+of+Labuan%3A+from+the+journals+of+James+Brooke%2C+Rajah+of+Sar%C3%A3wak%2C+and+governor+of+Labuan%2C+together+with+a+narrative+of+the+operations+of+H.M.S.+Iris&rft.pages=367-&rft.pub=Murray&rft.date=1848&rft.au=Rodney+Mundy&rft.au=James+Brooke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFB1JAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA367&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPhillip_Cottrell2012" class="citation book cs1">Phillip Cottrell (25 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R6rZBqy4X-gC&pg=PA211"><i>Investment Banking in England 1856–1881(Rle Banking and Finance)</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 211–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-53020-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-53020-0"><bdi>978-0-415-53020-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Investment+Banking+in+England+1856%E2%80%931881%28Rle+Banking+and+Finance%29&rft.pages=211-&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012-05-25&rft.isbn=978-0-415-53020-0&rft.au=Phillip+Cottrell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR6rZBqy4X-gC%26pg%3DPA211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEastern_Archipelago_Company1853" class="citation book cs1">Eastern Archipelago Company (1853). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gCFYAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA9"><i>The Queen on the Prosecution of Sir James Brooke, K.C.B. Against the Eastern Archipelago Company; Containing the Judgments of the Queen's Bench and the Exchequer Chamber, Together with Two Articles from the "Times" Newspaper, Etc</i></a>. W. Clowes & Sons. pp. 9–.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Queen+on+the+Prosecution+of+Sir+James+Brooke%2C+K.C.B.+Against+the+Eastern+Archipelago+Company%3B+Containing+the+Judgments+of+the+Queen%27s+Bench+and+the+Exchequer+Chamber%2C+Together+with+Two+Articles+from+the+%22Times%22+Newspaper%2C+Etc&rft.pages=9-&rft.pub=W.+Clowes+%26+Sons&rft.date=1853&rft.au=Eastern+Archipelago+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgCFYAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEastern_Archipelago_Company1853" class="citation book cs1">Eastern Archipelago Company (1853). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ls0NAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA149"><i>Annual Report of the Directors of the Eastern Archipelago Company</i></a>. Eastern Archipelago Company. pp. 149–.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+of+the+Directors+of+the+Eastern+Archipelago+Company&rft.pages=149-&rft.pub=Eastern+Archipelago+Company&rft.date=1853&rft.au=Eastern+Archipelago+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLs0NAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OlsonShadle1996-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OlsonShadle1996_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJames_Stuart_OlsonRobert_Shadle1996" class="citation book cs1">James Stuart Olson; Robert Shadle (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f0VnzMelzm8C&pg=PA645"><i>Historical Dictionary of the British Empire</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 645–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-29367-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-29367-2"><bdi>978-0-313-29367-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+British+Empire&rft.pages=645-&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-313-29367-2&rft.au=James+Stuart+Olson&rft.au=Robert+Shadle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df0VnzMelzm8C%26pg%3DPA645&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Welman-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Welman_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrans_Welman2017" class="citation book cs1">Frans Welman (9 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=glG-WBH8hkQC&pg=PA162"><i>Borneo Trilogy Volume 1: Sabah</i></a>. Booksmango. pp. 162–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-616-245-078-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-616-245-078-5"><bdi>978-616-245-078-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Borneo+Trilogy+Volume+1%3A+Sabah&rft.pages=162-&rft.pub=Booksmango&rft.date=2017-03-09&rft.isbn=978-616-245-078-5&rft.au=Frans+Welman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DglG-WBH8hkQC%26pg%3DPA162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-deVienne2015-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-deVienne2015_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarie-Sybille_de_Vienne2015" class="citation book cs1">Marie-Sybille de Vienne (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IfpIBwAAQBAJ"><i>Brunei: From the Age of Commerce to the 21st Century</i></a>. NUS Press. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789971698188" title="Special:BookSources/9789971698188"><bdi>9789971698188</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brunei%3A+From+the+Age+of+Commerce+to+the+21st+Century&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=NUS+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9789971698188&rft.au=Marie-Sybille+de+Vienne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIfpIBwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140429161634/http://www.thestar.com.my/story.aspx/?sec=l&file=%2F2012%2F1%2F16%2Flifefocus%2F20120116083237">"Staying connected"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Star_(Malaysia)" title="The Star (Malaysia)">The Star</a></i>. 16 January 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/story.aspx/?sec=l&file=%2f2012%2f1%2f16%2flifefocus%2f20120116083237">the original</a> on 29 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Staying+connected&rft.date=2012-01-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fstory.aspx%2F%3Fsec%3Dl%26file%3D%252f2012%252f1%252f16%252flifefocus%252f20120116083237&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarryat1848" class="citation book cs1">Marryat, Frank (1848). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=XM5CAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PA114&hl=en"><i>Borneo and the Indian Archipelago with Drawings of Costume and Scenery</i></a>. Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789810588304" title="Special:BookSources/9789810588304"><bdi>9789810588304</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Borneo+and+the+Indian+Archipelago+with+Drawings+of+Costume+and+Scenery&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Brown%2C+Green+and+Longmans&rft.date=1848&rft.isbn=9789810588304&rft.aulast=Marryat&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplay.google.com%2Fbooks%2Freader%3Fid%3DXM5CAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DGBS.PA114%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBelcher1848" class="citation book cs1">Belcher, Edward (1848). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=jotKAAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PA174"><i>Narrative of the Voyage of H.M.S. Samarang, During the Years 1843-46; Employed surveying the Islands of the Eastern Archipelago Vol. 1</i></a>. Reeve, Benham, and Reeve.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Narrative+of+the+Voyage+of+H.M.S.+Samarang%2C+During+the+Years+1843-46%3B+Employed+surveying+the+Islands+of+the+Eastern+Archipelago+Vol.+1&rft.pub=Reeve%2C+Benham%2C+and+Reeve&rft.date=1848&rft.aulast=Belcher&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplay.google.com%2Fbooks%2Freader%3Fid%3DjotKAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DGBS.PA174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMundy1848" class="citation book cs1">Mundy, Rodney (1848). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=FB1JAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PA294-IA2&hl=en"><i>Narrative of Events in Borneo and Celebes, down to the Occupation of Labuan: from the Journals of James Brooke, Esq. Vol. 1</i></a>. John Murray.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Narrative+of+Events+in+Borneo+and+Celebes%2C+down+to+the+Occupation+of+Labuan%3A+from+the+Journals+of+James+Brooke%2C+Esq.+Vol.+1&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1848&rft.aulast=Mundy&rft.aufirst=Rodney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplay.google.com%2Fbooks%2Freader%3Fid%3DFB1JAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DGBS.PA294-IA2%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMundy1848" class="citation book cs1">Mundy, Rodney (1848). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=FB1JAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PA294-IA2&hl=en"><i>Narrative of Events in Borneo and Celebes, down to the Occupation of Labuan: from the Journals of James Brooke, Esq. Vol. 1</i></a>. John Murray.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Narrative+of+Events+in+Borneo+and+Celebes%2C+down+to+the+Occupation+of+Labuan%3A+from+the+Journals+of+James+Brooke%2C+Esq.+Vol.+1&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1848&rft.aulast=Mundy&rft.aufirst=Rodney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplay.google.com%2Fbooks%2Freader%3Fid%3DFB1JAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DGBS.PA294-IA2%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFT._A._Edwin_GibsonG._Kingsley_Ward1989" class="citation book cs1">T. A. Edwin Gibson; G. Kingsley Ward (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dm7xAAAAMAAJ"><i>Courage remembered: the story behind the construction and maintenance of the Commonwealth's military cemeteries and memorials of the wars of 1914–1918 and 1939–1945</i></a>. McClelland & Stewart. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7710-8786-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7710-8786-8"><bdi>978-0-7710-8786-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Courage+remembered%3A+the+story+behind+the+construction+and+maintenance+of+the+Commonwealth%27s+military+cemeteries+and+memorials+of+the+wars+of+1914%E2%80%931918+and+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=McClelland+%26+Stewart&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-7710-8786-8&rft.au=T.+A.+Edwin+Gibson&rft.au=G.+Kingsley+Ward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddm7xAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ooi2004-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ooi2004_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ooi2004_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKeat_Gin_Ooi2004" class="citation book cs1">Keat Gin Ooi (October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=smKyAAAAIAAJ"><i>Southeast Asia: a historical encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-770-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-770-2"><bdi>978-1-57607-770-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeast+Asia%3A+a+historical+encyclopedia%2C+from+Angkor+Wat+to+East+Timor&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2004-10&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-770-2&rft.au=Keat+Gin+Ooi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsmKyAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sandler2001-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sandler2001_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sandler2001_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStanley_Sandler2001" class="citation book cs1">Stanley Sandler (January 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K-027Yrx12UC&pg=PA182"><i>World War II in the Pacific: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. pp. <span class="nowrap">181–</span>182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8153-1883-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8153-1883-5"><bdi>978-0-8153-1883-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+II+in+the+Pacific%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E181-%3C%2Fspan%3E182&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2001-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8153-1883-5&rft.au=Stanley+Sandler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK-027Yrx12UC%26pg%3DPA182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJames_O'Connor1945" class="citation web cs1">James O'Connor (13 June 1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article56381584">"Australians Swarm Ashore on N-W Borneo Coast"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Morning_Bulletin" title="The Morning Bulletin">The Morning Bulletin</a></i>. National Library of Australia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Morning+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Australians+Swarm+Ashore+on+N-W+Borneo+Coast&rft.date=1945-06-13&rft.au=James+O%27Connor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article56381584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAustralian_Officials1945" class="citation web cs1">Australian Officials (19 June 1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article17942995">"Capture of Labuan Airstrip in Borneo"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Capture+of+Labuan+Airstrip+in+Borneo&rft.date=1945-06-19&rft.au=Australian+Officials&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article17942995&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140501110149/http://www.dva.gov.au/commems_oawg/OAWG/war_memorials/overseas_memorials/malaysia/Pages/malaysia%20surrender%20point.aspx">"Surrender Point Memorial, Labuan Island"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Veterans%27_Affairs_(Australia)" title="Department of Veterans' Affairs (Australia)">Department of Veterans' Affairs</a>. 19 November 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dva.gov.au/commems_oawg/OAWG/war_memorials/overseas_memorials/malaysia/Pages/malaysia%20surrender%20point.aspx">the original</a> on 1 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Surrender+Point+Memorial%2C+Labuan+Island&rft.pub=Department+of+Veterans%27+Affairs&rft.date=2012-11-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dva.gov.au%2Fcommems_oawg%2FOAWG%2Fwar_memorials%2Foverseas_memorials%2Fmalaysia%2FPages%2Fmalaysia%2520surrender%2520point.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502033011/http://www.bnm.gov.my/index.php?rp=19">"Chapter 8: Labuan International Offshore Financial Centre"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bank_Negara_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank Negara Malaysia">Bank Negara Malaysia</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2014</span>. <q>Labuan was declared as an International Offshore Financial Centre (IOFC) in October 1990 to complement the activities of the domestic financial market in <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>, strengthen the contribution of financial services to <a href="/wiki/Gross_National_Product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross National Product">Gross National Products</a> of Malaysia as well as develop the island and areas within its vicinity.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chapter+8%3A+Labuan+International+Offshore+Financial+Centre&rft.pub=Bank+Negara+Malaysia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnm.gov.my%2Findex.php%3Frp%3D19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALabuan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-weather-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-weather_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-weather_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://weatherspark.com/averages/34018/Labuan-Federal-Territory-of-Labuan-Malaysia">"Average Weather for Labuan"</a>. 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(May 2022)">title missing</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labuan&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Labuan Story: Memoirs of a Small Island near the Coast of North Borneo</i> (1958) <a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Hall" title="Maxwell Hall">Maxwell Hall</a> Jesselton, North Borneo: Chung Nam.</li> <li><i>The history of Labuan Island (Victoria Island)</i> (1996) <a href="/wiki/Stephen_R._Evans" title="Stephen R. Evans">Stephen R. Evans</a>, Abdul Rahman Zainal and Rod Wong Khet Ngee. Singapore: Calendar Print</li> <li>Chai Foh Chin (2007) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120407063734/http://www.nhpborneo.com/book/e047">Early Picture Postcards of North Borneo and Labuan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_R._Evans" title="Stephen R. Evans">Stephen R. Evans</a>, Abdul Rahman Zainal and Rod Wong Khet Ngee (Reprint 2007) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120407063739/http://www.nhpborneo.com/book/h007">The History of Labuan (Victoria Island)</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labuan&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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.sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Labuan</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Labuan" class="extiw" title="c:Labuan">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Labuan" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Labuan">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Labuan" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Labuan">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Labuan" class="extiw" title="voy:Labuan">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pulaulabuan.com/">Labuan</a> – Travel information</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pl.gov.my/">Labuan Corporation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.labuantourism.my/">Labuan Tourism</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://labuanislandbirds.wordpress.com/">Labuan Avitourism</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502032234/http://www.labuanibfc.com/site/">https://web.archive.org/web/20140502032234/http://www.labuanibfc.com/site/</a> Labuan International Business and Financial Centre, Malaysia] </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Labuan25" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Labuan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a></i></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><i><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a></i></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Labuan</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brunei-Muara_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunei-Muara District">Brunei-Muara</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/60px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Federal_Territory_of_Labuan507" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Labuan" title="Template:Labuan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Labuan" title="Template talk:Labuan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Labuan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Labuan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Federal_Territory_of_Labuan507" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Federal Territories of Malaysia">Federal Territory</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Labuan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital</a>: <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Labuan" title="Victoria, Labuan">Victoria</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outline_of_Labuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Outline of Labuan (page does not exist)">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Index_of_Labuan-related_articles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Index of Labuan-related articles (page does not exist)">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Labuan" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Labuan">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labuan_Corporation" title="Labuan Corporation">Labuan Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Labuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constitution of Labuan (page does not exist)">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Labuan" title="Elections in Labuan">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Labuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geography of Labuan (page does not exist)">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Labuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law of Labuan (page does not exist)">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Labuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music of Labuan (page does not exist)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Labuan" title="Category:People from Labuan">Labuanians</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:List_of_Labuan_symbols&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:List of Labuan symbols (page does not exist)">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maju_dan_Sejahtera" title="Maju dan Sejahtera">Anthem</a></li> <li>Flag <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Federal_Territories" title="Flag of the Federal Territories">Labuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Federal_Territories" title="Flag of the Federal Territories">Federal Territories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seal_of_Labuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seal of Labuan (page does not exist)">Seal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Labuan" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Labuan">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Labuanians_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Labuanians culture (page does not exist)">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crime_in_Labuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crime in Labuan (page does not exist)">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuisine_of_Labuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuisine of Labuan (page does not exist)">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Labuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demographics of Labuan (page does not exist)">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_Labuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economy of Labuan (page does not exist)">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Labuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Labuan (page does not exist)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Recognised_ethnic_groups_in_Labuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Recognised ethnic groups in Labuan">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Politics_of_Labuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Politics of Labuan (page does not exist)">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative<br />divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batu_Manikar" title="Batu Manikar">Batu Manikar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiamsam" title="Kiamsam">Kiamsam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layang-Layangan" title="Layang-Layangan">Layang-Layangan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rancha-Rancha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rancha-Rancha (page does not exist)">Rancha-Rancha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Batu_Arang" title="Kampung Batu Arang">Batu Arang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Bebuloh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampung Bebuloh">Bebuloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Bukit_Kuda" title="Kampung Bukit Kuda">Bukit Kuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Bukit_Kalam" title="Kampung Bukit Kalam">Bukit Kalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Durian_Tunjong" title="Kampung Durian Tunjong">Durian Tunjong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Ganggarak" title="Kampung Ganggarak">Ganggarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Gersik_Saguking" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampung Gersik Saguking">Gersik Saguking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Kerupang" title="Kampung Kerupang">Kerupang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Lajau" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampung Lajau">Lajau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kampung_Lubok_Temiang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kampung Lubok Temiang (page does not exist)">Lubok Temiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Membedai" title="Kampung Membedai">Membedai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Merinding" title="Kampung Merinding">Merinding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Nagalang" title="Kampung Nagalang">Nagalang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Pantai" title="Kampung Pantai">Pantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Patau-Patau" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampung Patau-Patau">Patau-Patau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Sungai_Bedaun" title="Kampung Sungai Bedaun">Sungai Bedaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Sungai_Keling" title="Kampung Sungai Keling">Sungai Keling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Sungai_Lada" title="Kampung Sungai Lada">Sungai Lada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Sungai_Pagar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampung Sungai Pagar">Sungai Pagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Tanjung_Aru" title="Kampung Tanjung Aru">Tanjung Aru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampung_Tanjung_Kubong" title="Kampung Tanjung Kubong">Tanjung Kubong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Rusukan_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Rusukan Island">Big Rusukan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burung_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Burung Island">Burung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daat_Island" title="Daat Island">Daat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuraman_Island" title="Kuraman Island">Kuraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papan_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Papan Island">Papan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Rusukan_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Small Rusukan Island">Small Rusukan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Labuan" class="extiw" title="commons:Labuan">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Labuan" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:Labuan">Wikisource</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Labuan" title="Category:Labuan">Category</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Malaysia_border_crossings133" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Malaysia_border_crossings" title="Template:Malaysia border crossings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Malaysia_border_crossings" title="Template talk:Malaysia border crossings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Malaysia_border_crossings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Malaysia border crossings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Malaysia_border_crossings133" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Malaysia border crossings</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lawas" title="Lawas">Mengkalap</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mukim_Labu" title="Mukim Labu">Labu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbang_District" title="Limbang District">Pandaruan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mukim_Bangar" title="Mukim Bangar">Ujong Jalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Tujuh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sungai Tujuh">Sungai Tujuh</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Tujoh" title="Sungai Tujoh">Sungai Tujoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbang_District" title="Limbang District">Tedungan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lurah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuala Lurah">Kuala Lurah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ferry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Labuan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Serasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Serasa">Serasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biawak" title="Biawak">Biawak</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sambas_Regency" title="Sambas Regency">Aruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubok_Antu_District" title="Lubok Antu District">Lubok Antu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kapuas_Hulu_Regency" title="Kapuas Hulu Regency">Nanga Badau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebedu" title="Tebedu">Tebedu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Entikong" title="Entikong">Entikong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ferry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Puteri" title="Iskandar Puteri">Iskandar Puteri</a> / <a href="/wiki/Batam_Harbour_Bay_Ferry_Terminal" title="Batam Harbour Bay Ferry Terminal">Batam Harbour Bay Ferry Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Puteri" title="Iskandar Puteri">Iskandar Puteri</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Balai_Karimun" title="Tanjung Balai Karimun">Tanjung Balai Karimun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukup" title="Kukup">Kukup</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Balai_Karimun" title="Tanjung Balai Karimun">Tanjung Balai Karimun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bengkalis" title="Bengkalis">Bengkalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dumai" title="Dumai">Dumai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muar_(town)" title="Muar (town)">Muar</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bengkalis" title="Bengkalis">Bengkalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasir_Gudang" title="Pasir Gudang">Pasir Gudang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Batam_Center_Ferry_Terminal" title="Batam Center Ferry Terminal">Batam Center Ferry Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Klang" title="Port Klang">Port Klang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Asahan_Regency" title="Asahan Regency">Tanjung Balai Asahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru">Stulang Laut, Johor Bahru</a> / <a href="/wiki/Batam_Center_Ferry_Terminal" title="Batam Center Ferry Terminal">Batam Center Ferry Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru">Stulang Laut, Johor Bahru</a> / <a href="/wiki/Batam_Harbour_Bay_Ferry_Terminal" title="Batam Harbour Bay Ferry Terminal">Batam Harbour Bay Ferry Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru">Stulang Laut, Johor Bahru</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Pinang" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanjung Pinang">Tanjung Pinang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengerang" title="Pengerang">Tanjung Pengelih, Pengerang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Batam_Center_Ferry_Terminal" title="Batam Center Ferry Terminal">Batam Center Ferry Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawau" title="Tawau">Tawau</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nunukan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nunukan">Nunukan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawau" title="Tawau">Tawau</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tarakan" title="Tarakan">Tarakan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Iskandar_Building" title="Sultan Iskandar Building">Sultan Iskandar Building</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru">Johor Bahru</a> / <a href="/wiki/Woodlands,_Singapore" title="Woodlands, Singapore">Woodlands</a> (via <a href="/wiki/Johor%E2%80%93Singapore_Causeway" title="Johor–Singapore Causeway">Johor–Singapore Causeway</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Abu_Bakar_Complex" title="Sultan Abu Bakar Complex">Sultan Abu Bakar Complex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Kupang" title="Tanjung Kupang">Tanjung Kupang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tuas" title="Tuas">Tuas</a> (via <a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Singapore_Second_Link" title="Malaysia–Singapore Second Link">Malaysia–Singapore Second Link</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ferry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pengerang" title="Pengerang">Tanjung Pengelih, Pengerang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Changi" title="Changi">Changi Point Ferry Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengerang" title="Pengerang">Tanjung Belungkor, Pengerang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Changi" title="Changi">Changi Ferry Terminal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru_Sentral_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Johor Bahru Sentral railway station">Johor Bahru Sentral railway station</a> / <a href="/wiki/Woodlands_Train_Checkpoint" title="Woodlands Train Checkpoint">Woodlands Train Checkpoint</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pengkalan_Hulu" title="Pengkalan Hulu">Bukit Berapit, Pengkalan Hulu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Betong,_Thailand" title="Betong, Thailand">Betong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Bunga" title="Bukit Bunga">Bukit Bunga</a> / <a href="/wiki/Buketa" class="mw-redirect" title="Buketa">Buketa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Kayu_Hitam" title="Bukit Kayu Hitam">Bukit Kayu Hitam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sadao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadao District">Ban Danok, Sadao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durian_Burung" title="Durian Burung">Durian Burung</a> (Kota Putra) / <a href="/wiki/Na_Thawi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Na Thawi District">Ban Prakop, Na Thawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padang_Besar,_Malaysia" title="Padang Besar, Malaysia">Padang Besar, Malaysia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Padang_Besar,_Thailand" title="Padang Besar, Thailand">Padang Besar, Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rantau_Panjang" title="Rantau Panjang">Rantau Panjang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Su-ngai_Kolok" title="Su-ngai Kolok">Su-ngai Kolok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Kelian" title="Wang Kelian">Wang Kelian</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wang_Prachan" title="Wang Prachan">Wang Prachan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ferry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuah" title="Kuah">Kuah</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ko_Lipe" title="Ko Lipe">Ko Lipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuah" title="Kuah">Kuah</a> / <a href="/wiki/Satun" title="Satun">Satun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengkalan_Kubor" title="Pengkalan Kubor">Pengkalan Kubor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tak_Bai" title="Tak Bai">Tak Bai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langkawi" title="Langkawi">Telaga Harbour Langkawi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ko_Lipe" title="Ko Lipe">Ko Lipe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Padang_Besar_railway_station" title="Padang Besar railway station">Padang Besar railway station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia145" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:States_and_Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Template:States and Federal Territories of Malaysia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:States_and_Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Template talk:States and Federal Territories of Malaysia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:States_and_Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:States and Federal Territories of Malaysia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia145" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">States and federal territories of Malaysia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capital: <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis">Perlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Terengganu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Federal Territories of Malaysia">Federal Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Labuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putrajaya" title="Putrajaya">Putrajaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_in_Malaysia" title="Singapore in Malaysia">Singapore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/310615236">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1219853/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2014052736">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/a79d303b-1873-4357-a59d-5c060dbc2f92">MusicBrainz 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