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id="toc-Personality_and_family_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Playing_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Playing_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Playing style</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Playing_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discography_and_filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discography_and_filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Discography and filmography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discography_and_filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B1" title="أرت فارمر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أرت فارمر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B1" title="ارت فارمر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ارت فارمر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Арт Фармър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Арт Фармър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Farmer" title="Art Farmer – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Art Farmer" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Farmer" title="Art Farmer – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Art Farmer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Farmer" title="Art Farmer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Art Farmer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Farmer" title="Art Farmer – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Art Farmer" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Farmer" title="Art Farmer – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Art Farmer" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B1" title="آرت فارمر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آرت فارمر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Farmer" title="Art Farmer – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Art Farmer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Farmer" title="Art Farmer – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Art Farmer" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%8A%B8_%ED%8C%8C%EB%A8%B8" title="아트 파머 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아트 파머" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Farmer" title="Art Farmer – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Art Farmer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Farmer" title="Art Farmer – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Art Farmer" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A8" title="ארט פארמר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארט פארמר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Farmer" title="Art Farmer – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Art Farmer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B1" title="ارت فارمر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ارت فارمر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Farmer" title="Art Farmer – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Art Farmer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC" title="アート・ファーマー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アート・ファーマー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Farmer" title="Art Farmer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Art Farmer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Farmer" title="Art Farmer – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Art Farmer" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Farmer" title="Art Farmer – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Art Farmer" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Farmer" title="Art Farmer – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Art Farmer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Farmer" title="Art Farmer – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Art Farmer" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Farmer" title="Art Farmer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Art Farmer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Арт Фармер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Арт Фармер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q500464#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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font-size: 125%;"><div class="">Art Farmer</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Art_Farmer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Art_Farmer.jpg/220px-Art_Farmer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Art_Farmer.jpg/330px-Art_Farmer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Art_Farmer.jpg/440px-Art_Farmer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de">Background information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Birth name</span></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Arthur Stewart Farmer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1928-08-21</span>)</span>August 21, 1928<br /><a href="/wiki/Council_Bluffs,_Iowa" title="Council Bluffs, Iowa">Council Bluffs, Iowa</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 4, 1999<span style="display:none">(1999-10-04)</span> (aged 71)<br />New York City, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bebop" title="Bebop">bebop</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Musician, composer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instrument(s)</th><td class="infobox-data note">Trumpet, <a href="/wiki/Flugelhorn" title="Flugelhorn">flugelhorn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flumpet" title="Flumpet">flumpet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Years active</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1940s–1999</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artfarmer.org/">artfarmer<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div> <p><b>Arthur Stewart Farmer</b> (August 21, 1928 – October 4, 1999) was an American <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> trumpeter and <a href="/wiki/Flugelhorn" title="Flugelhorn">flugelhorn</a> player. He also played <a href="/wiki/Flumpet" title="Flumpet">flumpet</a>, a trumpet–flugelhorn combination especially designed for him. He and his identical twin brother, double bassist <a href="/wiki/Addison_Farmer" title="Addison Farmer">Addison Farmer</a>, started playing professionally while at high school in Los Angeles. Art gained greater attention after the release of a recording of his composition "Farmer's Market" in 1952. He subsequently moved from Los Angeles to New York, where he performed and recorded with musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Horace_Silver" title="Horace Silver">Horace Silver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Rollins" title="Sonny Rollins">Sonny Rollins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gigi_Gryce" title="Gigi Gryce">Gigi Gryce</a> and became known principally as a <a href="/wiki/Bebop" title="Bebop">bebop</a> player. </p><p>As Farmer's reputation grew, he expanded from bebop into more experimental forms through working with composers such as <a href="/wiki/George_Russell_(composer)" title="George Russell (composer)">George Russell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Teddy_Charles" title="Teddy Charles">Teddy Charles</a>. He went on to join <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan">Gerry Mulligan</a>'s quartet and, with <a href="/wiki/Benny_Golson" title="Benny Golson">Benny Golson</a>, to co-found <a href="/wiki/The_Jazztet" title="The Jazztet">the Jazztet</a>. Continuing to develop his own sound, Farmer switched from trumpet to the warmer flugelhorn in the early 1960s, and he helped to establish the flugelhorn as a soloist's instrument in jazz.<sup id="cite_ref-LA1990_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LA1990-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He settled in Europe in 1968 and continued to tour internationally until his death. Farmer recorded more than 50 albums under his own name, a dozen with the Jazztet, and dozens more with other leaders. His playing is known for its individuality – most noticeably, its lyricism, warmth of tone and sensitivity.<sup id="cite_ref-Feather_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feather-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Farmer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Art Farmer was born an hour before his twin brother, on August 21, 1928, in <a href="/wiki/Council_Bluffs,_Iowa" title="Council Bluffs, Iowa">Council Bluffs, Iowa</a>, reportedly at 2201 Fourth Avenue.<sup id="cite_ref-Yorker_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yorker-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their parents, James Arthur Farmer and Hazel Stewart Farmer, divorced when the boys were four years old, and their steelworker father was killed in a work accident not long after this.<sup id="cite_ref-LAT_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AM2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AM2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 443">: 443 </span></sup> Art moved with his grandfather, grandmother, mother, brother and sister to <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a>, when he was still four.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1–3">: 1–3 </span></sup> He started to play the piano while in elementary school, then moved on to bass tuba and violin before settling on cornet and then trumpet at the age of 13.<sup id="cite_ref-bryant_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bryant-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 261">: 261 </span></sup> His family was musical: most of them played as a hobby, and one was a professional trombonist. Art's grandfather was a minister in the <a href="/wiki/African_Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="African Methodist Episcopal Church">African Methodist Episcopal Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Yorker_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yorker-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This influenced Farmer's first choice of instrument, as his mother played piano for the church choir.<sup id="cite_ref-Rob_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rob-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bass tuba was for use in a marching band and was Farmer's instrument for a year, until a cornet became available.<sup id="cite_ref-Yorker_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yorker-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phoenix schools were <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation_in_the_United_States" title="Racial segregation in the United States">segregated</a>, and no one at Farmer's school could provide useful music lessons. He taught himself to read music and practiced his new main instrument, the trumpet.<sup id="cite_ref-Yorker_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yorker-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Farmer and his brother moved to Los Angeles in 1945, attending the music-oriented <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_High_School_(Los_Angeles)" title="Jefferson High School (Los Angeles)">Jefferson High School</a>, where they got music instruction and met other developing musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Criss" title="Sonny Criss">Sonny Criss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Andrews" title="Ernie Andrews">Ernie Andrews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Big_Jay_McNeely" title="Big Jay McNeely">Big Jay McNeely</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ed_Thigpen" title="Ed Thigpen">Ed Thigpen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bryant_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bryant-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The brothers earned money by working in a cold-storage warehouse<sup id="cite_ref-Yorker_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yorker-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by playing professionally. Art started playing trumpet professionally at the age of 16,<sup id="cite_ref-bryant_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bryant-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 261">: 261 </span></sup> performing in the bands of <a href="/wiki/Horace_Henderson" title="Horace Henderson">Horace Henderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Mundy" title="Jimmy Mundy">Jimmy Mundy</a>, and Floyd Ray, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-Yorker_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yorker-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-David_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-David-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These opportunities came about through a combination of his ability and the absence of numerous older musicians, who were still in the armed forces following <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LAT_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around this time in Los Angeles, there were abundant opportunities for musical development, according to Farmer: "During the day you would go to somebody's house and play. At night there were after-hours clubs [...and] anybody who wanted to play was free to come up and play".<sup id="cite_ref-Berliner_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berliner-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 42">: 42 </span></sup> Farmer left high school early but persuaded the principal to give him a diploma, which he did not collect until a visit to the school in 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-bryant_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bryant-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 267">: 267 </span></sup> </p><p>At this time, as an adolescent in Los Angeles, <a href="/wiki/Bebop" title="Bebop">bebop</a> and the swing era <a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">big bands</a> both attracted Farmer's attention.<sup id="cite_ref-bryant_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bryant-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 263">: 263 </span></sup> Decades later, he stated that, at that time, "I knew I had to be in jazz. Two things decided me – the sound of a trumpet section in a big band and hearing a <a href="/wiki/Jam_session" title="Jam session">jam session</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Yorker_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yorker-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 50">: 50 </span></sup> Farmer's trumpet influences in the 1940s were <a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fats_Navarro" title="Fats Navarro">Fats Navarro</a>, but, in his own words, "then I heard <a href="/wiki/Freddie_Webster" title="Freddie Webster">Freddie Webster</a>, and I loved his sound. I decided to work on sound because it seemed like most of the guys my age were just working on speed".<sup id="cite_ref-Rob_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rob-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life_and_career">Later life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Farmer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Later life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_career_in_Los_Angeles_and_New_York">Early career in Los Angeles and New York</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Farmer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early career in Los Angeles and New York"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Farmer left school to tour with a group led by <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Otis" title="Johnny Otis">Johnny Otis</a>, but this job lasted for only four months, as Farmer's lip gave out.<sup id="cite_ref-David_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-David-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ben_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ben-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Performing for long periods seven days a week for this job put great pressure on his technique, which was insufficiently developed to cope with such physical demands. His lip eventually became lacerated, and he could no longer play.<sup id="cite_ref-Berliner_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berliner-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 118">: 118 </span></sup> He then received technique training in New York, where he worked for a time as a janitor and played as a freelance musician during 1947 and 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-Yorker_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yorker-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An audition for <a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a>'s big band was unsuccessful, and Farmer returned to the West Coast in 1948 as a member of <a href="/wiki/Jay_McShann" title="Jay McShann">Jay McShann</a>'s band.<sup id="cite_ref-Yorker_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yorker-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Club and studio work was hard to get in Los Angeles from the late 1940s and into the 1950s, as it was dominated by white musicians.<sup id="cite_ref-Yorker_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yorker-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Farmer played and toured with <a href="/wiki/Benny_Carter" title="Benny Carter">Benny Carter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Porter_(drummer)" title="Roy Porter (drummer)">Roy Porter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Wilson" title="Gerald Wilson">Gerald Wilson</a>, then played with <a href="/wiki/Wardell_Gray" title="Wardell Gray">Wardell Gray</a> in 1951–52.<sup id="cite_ref-Feather_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feather-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-David_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-David-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hazards of the touring jazz musician's lifestyle were also present: while travelling overnight by car between Phoenix and <a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a>, to get to another Roy Porter-led gig, the car that Farmer was in overturned at high speed, leaving him concussed and Porter with broken ribs.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Farmer's first studio recording appears to have been on June 28 or July 2, 1948, in Los Angeles, under the leadership of vocalist <a href="/wiki/Big_Joe_Turner" title="Big Joe Turner">Big Joe Turner</a> and pianist <a href="/wiki/Pete_Johnson_(musician)" title="Pete Johnson (musician)">Pete Johnson</a>. They recorded "Radar Blues", and at some point in the same or the following year they added a further seven sides; the eight tracks were released as four singles by <a href="/wiki/Swing_Time_Records" title="Swing Time Records">Swing Time Records</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Farmer recorded further singles with Roy Porter and then, on January 21, 1952, as a member of Wardell Gray's sextet. The latter session produced six tracks that were released as singles. These included "Farmer's Market", a piece that was written by Farmer and brought him greater attention.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-local_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-local-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career_after_second_move_to_New_York">Career after second move to New York</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Farmer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Career after second move to New York"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Farmer worked in Los Angeles for a time as a hotel janitor and a hospital file clerk, before joining <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Hampton" title="Lionel Hampton">Lionel Hampton</a>'s orchestra in 1952. He toured Europe with the orchestra from September to December 1953,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and shared the organization's trumpet chairs with <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Brown" title="Clifford Brown">Clifford Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benny_Bailey" title="Benny Bailey">Benny Bailey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Yorker_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yorker-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This aided his musical development considerably, as did his 1953 membership of <a href="/wiki/Teddy_Charles" title="Teddy Charles">Teddy Charles</a>' New Directions band – the compositions he encountered in this band allowed him to consider a broader range of expression during improvisation.<sup id="cite_ref-JF_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JF-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Farmer relocated to New York and, on July 2, 1953, had his first recording session as leader. This was combined with another recorded 11 months later to form the eight-track <a href="/wiki/Prestige_Records" title="Prestige Records">Prestige</a> LP, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_Farmer_Septet" title="The Art Farmer Septet">The Art Farmer Septet</a></i>, featuring arrangements by Quincy Jones and <a href="/wiki/Gigi_Gryce" title="Gigi Gryce">Gigi Gryce</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Farmer became "one of the most sought-after trumpeters of the fifties":<sup id="cite_ref-ramsey_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ramsey-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 43">: 43 </span></sup> he continued to work with Gryce (1954–56), and also with <a href="/wiki/Horace_Silver" title="Horace Silver">Horace Silver</a> (1956–58) and <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Mulligan" title="Gerry Mulligan">Gerry Mulligan</a> (1958–59), among others.<sup id="cite_ref-AM_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AM-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 406">: 406 </span></sup> One of the others was pianist <a href="/wiki/Thelonious_Monk" title="Thelonious Monk">Thelonious Monk</a>, who led a sextet that included Farmer on its performances on a version of the <a href="/wiki/Steve_Allen_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Steve Allen Show">Steve Allen Show</a>, broadcast on television on June 10, 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following month, Farmer played in the <a href="/wiki/Charles_Mingus" title="Charles Mingus">Charles Mingus</a> sextet's performance at the <a href="/wiki/Newport_Jazz_Festival" title="Newport Jazz Festival">Newport Jazz Festival</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Farmer recorded only twice with Horace Silver's group, as Silver recorded for <a href="/wiki/Blue_Note_Records" title="Blue Note Records">Blue Note Records</a>, while Farmer was signed to Prestige. Feuds between the label bosses ruled out extensive cross-label collaboration.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-essential_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-essential-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The transition from Silver's piano-led quintet to Mulligan's piano-less quartet was not straightforward: "to suddenly find yourself in a pianoless group was like walking down the street naked", commented Farmer.<sup id="cite_ref-Yorker_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yorker-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 44">: 44 </span></sup> As a member of Mulligan's band, Farmer appeared on film twice – in <i><a href="/wiki/I_Want_to_Live!" title="I Want to Live!">I Want to Live!</a></i> (1958) and <i>The Subterraneans</i> (1960)<sup id="cite_ref-nea_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nea-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – and again toured Europe, as part of a <a href="/wiki/Jazz_at_the_Philharmonic" title="Jazz at the Philharmonic">Jazz at the Philharmonic</a> tour, helping him to develop an international reputation.<sup id="cite_ref-essential_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-essential-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-csm_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-csm-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In New York, Farmer worked with <a href="/wiki/Lester_Young" title="Lester Young">Lester Young</a>, who told him to "tighten up and tell a 'story' in each solo".<sup id="cite_ref-AM2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AM2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 442">: 442 </span></sup> At this time, Farmer also rented his trumpet on a nightly basis to Miles Davis, who had pawned his own due to his drug dependency.<sup id="cite_ref-AM2_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AM2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 442">: 442 </span></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Art_Farmer_advertisement.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Art_Farmer_advertisement.jpg/270px-Art_Farmer_advertisement.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Art_Farmer_advertisement.jpg/405px-Art_Farmer_advertisement.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Art_Farmer_advertisement.jpg/540px-Art_Farmer_advertisement.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1060" data-file-height="815" /></a><figcaption>Farmer in a 1958 <i><a href="/wiki/DownBeat" title="DownBeat">DownBeat</a></i> advertisement</figcaption></figure> <p>From the middle of the 1950s, Farmer featured in recordings by leading arrangers of the day, including <a href="/wiki/George_Russell_(composer)" title="George Russell (composer)">George Russell</a>, Quincy Jones and <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Nelson" title="Oliver Nelson">Oliver Nelson</a>, being in demand because of his reputation for being able to play anything.<sup id="cite_ref-Yorker_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yorker-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wide range of styles these arrangers represented was extended when Farmer took part in a series of experimental sessions with composer <a href="/wiki/Edgard_Var%C3%A8se" title="Edgard Varèse">Edgard Varèse</a> in 1957. Varèse used approximate notation and wanted the musicians to improvise within its structure; at least some of the seasoned jazz musicians present regarded this process of creation as similar to their own familiar creations of spontaneously produced <a href="/wiki/Head_arrangement" class="mw-redirect" title="Head arrangement">head arrangements</a>, but their efforts influenced Varèse's composition, <a href="/wiki/Po%C3%A8me_%C3%A9lectronique" title="Poème électronique">Poème électronique</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Farmer's playing around this time is summarized by critic <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Balliett" title="Whitney Balliett">Whitney Balliett</a>, commenting on his performance on <a href="/wiki/Hal_McKusick" title="Hal McKusick">Hal McKusick</a>'s 1957 album <i>Hal McKusick Quintet</i>: "Farmer has become one of the few genuinely individual modern trumpeters. (Nine out of ten modern trumpeters are true copies of Dizzy Gillespie or Miles Davis.)"<sup id="cite_ref-whitney_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whitney-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Farmer was one of 57 jazz musicians to appear in the 1958 photograph "<a href="/wiki/A_Great_Day_in_Harlem_(photograph)" class="mw-redirect" title="A Great Day in Harlem (photograph)">A Great Day in Harlem</a>" and was later interviewed for the 1994 <a href="/wiki/A_Great_Day_in_Harlem_(film)" title="A Great Day in Harlem (film)">documentary of the same title</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Farmer formed <a href="/wiki/The_Jazztet" title="The Jazztet">the Jazztet</a> in 1959, with the composer and tenor saxophonist <a href="/wiki/Benny_Golson" title="Benny Golson">Benny Golson</a>, after each man independently came to the conclusion that the other should be a member of his new sextet. The Jazztet lasted until 1962, recorded several albums for <a href="/wiki/Argo_Records" title="Argo Records">Argo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mercury_Records" title="Mercury Records">Mercury Records</a>, and assisted in the early careers of pianist <a href="/wiki/McCoy_Tyner" title="McCoy Tyner">McCoy Tyner</a> and trombonist <a href="/wiki/Grachan_Moncur_III" title="Grachan Moncur III">Grachan Moncur III</a>. In the early 1960s Farmer established a trio with guitarist <a href="/wiki/Jim_Hall_(musician)" title="Jim Hall (musician)">Jim Hall</a> and bassist <a href="/wiki/Steve_Swallow" title="Steve Swallow">Steve Swallow</a>; his relationship with Hall lasted from 1962 to 1964, and included two tours of Europe, one of which had concerts recorded for the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Jazz_625" title="Jazz 625">Jazz 625</a></i> programme, which were later released on DVD.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TC_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TC-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hall left the second tour while the quartet, which included Swallow and drummer <a href="/wiki/Pete_La_Roca" title="Pete La Roca">Pete La Roca</a>, was engaged in Berlin, and a pianist replaced him; this was ultimately <a href="/wiki/Steve_Kuhn" title="Steve Kuhn">Steve Kuhn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Feather_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feather-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TC_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TC-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1964, this new quartet recorded the album <i><a href="/wiki/Sing_Me_Softly_of_the_Blues" title="Sing Me Softly of the Blues">Sing Me Softly of the Blues</a></i> for the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Records" title="Atlantic Records">Atlantic</a> label. These bands played laid back, melodious music during a period when <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_jazz" title="Avant-garde jazz">avant-garde jazz</a> was becoming more common.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Farmer toured Europe in 1965–66, then returned to the US and led a small group with <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Heath" title="Jimmy Heath">Jimmy Heath</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Feather_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feather-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His stylistic development continued during this period of his career, in part because he "absorbed, understood, and had the technical and artistic gifts to put to personal use the [John] <a href="/wiki/John_Coltrane" title="John Coltrane">Coltrane</a> innovations of the '<a href="/wiki/Giant_Steps" title="Giant Steps">Giant Steps</a>' period of the early 1960s".<sup id="cite_ref-ramsey_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ramsey-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 45">: 45 </span></sup> Work opportunities, however, were diminishing as rock became more popular in the mid-1960s, so Farmer joined the <a href="/wiki/Pit_orchestra" title="Pit orchestra">pit orchestra</a> of <a href="/wiki/Elliot_Lawrence" title="Elliot Lawrence">Elliot Lawrence</a> for the production of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Apple_Tree" title="The Apple Tree">The Apple Tree</a></i> on <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a>, for six months.<sup id="cite_ref-Yorker_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yorker-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Smith_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 81">: 81 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career_after_permanent_move_to_Europe">Career after permanent move to Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Farmer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Career after permanent move to Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The visits to Europe continued.<sup id="cite_ref-JF_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JF-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Farmer moved there in 1968 and ultimately settled in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, where he performed with The <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Clarke/Francy_Boland_Big_Band" title="Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland Big Band">Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland Big Band</a><sup id="cite_ref-AM_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AM-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 406">: 406 </span></sup> and joined the Austrian Radio Orchestra.<sup id="cite_ref-LAT_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter job initially required only ten days a month of his time, so he was able to play with other well-known expatriates such as <a href="/wiki/Don_Byas" title="Don Byas">Don Byas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dexter_Gordon" title="Dexter Gordon">Dexter Gordon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ben_Webster" title="Ben Webster">Ben Webster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-csm_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-csm-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the orchestra's music gradually changed in style from jazz to simpler forms and took up more of Farmer's time, he found that it was getting in the way of his musical ambitions, so he left after three or four years.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 67, 71">: 67, 71 </span></sup> Pursuing these ambitions meant that Farmer traveled extensively worldwide. He said in 1976: "I'm traveling 90 percent of the time. I can live anywhere. It's just a matter of getting to the airport".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 1982 revival of the Jazztet, with Golson, led him to play more frequently in the United States than he had over the previous decade.<sup id="cite_ref-Cookin_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cookin-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1980s Farmer also created a quintet, featuring saxophonist <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Jordan" title="Clifford Jordan">Clifford Jordan</a>, that toured internationally.<sup id="cite_ref-nea_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nea-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 1980s, Farmer had also made some changes to his lifestyle. Interviewed for a 1985 article in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>, he reported losing 30 pounds in weight a couple of years earlier, and stopping smoking and drinking a couple of years before that; Farmer "used to think he couldn't play without drinking; now he couldn't play and drink", was the interviewer's summary of Farmer's habits,<sup id="cite_ref-Yorker_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yorker-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 44">: 44 </span></sup> which appear to have avoided the drug-related problems of many of his contemporaries.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the early 1990s, Farmer had a second house in New York and divided his time between Vienna and there. He had regular gigs with Clifford Jordan at the <a href="/wiki/Sweet_Basil_Jazz_Club" title="Sweet Basil Jazz Club">Sweet Basil Jazz Club</a> and, later, with <a href="/wiki/Ran_Blake" title="Ran Blake">Ran Blake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Richardson" title="Jerome Richardson">Jerome Richardson</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Village_Vanguard" title="Village Vanguard">Village Vanguard</a>, both in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-Feather_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feather-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Farmer was awarded the Austrian Gold Medal of Merit in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-Cookin_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cookin-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year, a concert in honor of his achievements was held at the <a href="/wiki/Alice_Tully_Hall" title="Alice Tully Hall">Alice Tully Hall</a> in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Farmer also recorded extensively as a leader throughout his later career, including some pieces of classical music with US and European orchestras.<sup id="cite_ref-Cookin_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cookin-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Farmer's level of playing even towards the end of his career was noted in a review by <a href="/wiki/Scott_Yanow" title="Scott Yanow">Scott Yanow</a> of one of his last recordings, <i>Silk Road</i>, from 1996: "the warm-toned and swinging Farmer is consistently the main star, and at age 68 he proves to still be in his prime".<sup id="cite_ref-AM_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AM-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 409">: 409 </span></sup> In 1999 Farmer was selected as a <a href="/wiki/NEA_Jazz_Masters" title="NEA Jazz Masters">National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Master</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nea_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nea-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few months later, on October 4, Farmer died of a heart attack at home in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, aged 71.<sup id="cite_ref-LAT_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personality_and_family_life">Personality and family life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Farmer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Personality and family life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Farmer first married in the mid-1950s, to a woman from South America.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 68">: 68 </span></sup> They divorced after about a year, but the marriage produced one son, Arthur Jr, who died in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 68">: 68 </span></sup> Farmer's second wife was a distant cousin; this marriage also ended in divorce.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 69">: 69 </span></sup> He married again, to a Viennese banker named Mechtilde Lawugger, and their son, Georg, was born in the early 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-Yorker_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yorker-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-local_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-local-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They lived together in a house that they had built in Vienna, and Farmer reported contentment with his lifestyle; notably, in contrast with his homeland, he did not experience racism in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Yorker_3-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yorker-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Farmer described himself in 1985 as "an introvert, and kind of reclusive"; a soundproof room in his Austrian house allowed him to practice alone for the four or five hours a day that he desired.<sup id="cite_ref-Yorker_3-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yorker-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 52">: 52 </span></sup> His personality was often described by others as mirroring his playing: <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Feather" title="Leonard Feather">Leonard Feather</a>, for instance, observed in 1990 that Farmer was "mellow, relaxed and [...] gentle".<sup id="cite_ref-LA1990_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LA1990-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Farmer was affected by the sudden death of his twin brother in 1963: more than 20 years later, he said that he still dreamed of his sibling, and admitted that, "It seems there's a part of him I haven't fully gotten over".<sup id="cite_ref-Yorker_3-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yorker-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 49">: 49 </span></sup> Farmer's third wife died from cancer in 1992; speaking three years later, he remarked that "I guess I never will really recover from that because we had been together for over 20 years when she died".<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 69">: 69 </span></sup> After his own death, he was described as being survived by his companion and manager, Lynne Mueller, and son.<sup id="cite_ref-Ben_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ben-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Playing_style">Playing style</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Farmer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Playing style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Descriptions of Farmer's playing style typically stress his lyricism and the warmth of his sound. The <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> obituary writers noted that his playing had "a sweetly lyrical tone and a melodic approach to phrasing, neither of which minimized his capacity to produce rhythmically swinging phrases".<sup id="cite_ref-LAT_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The equivalent comments in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> were that "Farmer avoided the bright, penetrating sound of orthodox trumpet playing and was influenced by the more reserved articulation of Miles Davis and <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Dorham" title="Kenny Dorham">Kenny Dorham</a>", and that, although he could seem more restrained than Davis or <a href="/wiki/Lee_Morgan" title="Lee Morgan">Lee Morgan</a>, "Farmer was in his way a true original. His phrasing was always distinctive, letting the beat run ahead of him rather in the manner of <a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a>'s vocals".<sup id="cite_ref-JF_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JF-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Farmer moved from trumpet to playing mostly flugelhorn from the early 1960s, utilising the latter instrument's more mellow sound and Farmer's ability to get what he wanted from it without having to use a mute.<sup id="cite_ref-LAT_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ramsey_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ramsey-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 44">: 44 </span></sup> In 1989, he played a major part in creating a trumpet–flugelhorn hybrid, the <a href="/wiki/Flumpet" title="Flumpet">flumpet</a>, which was constructed for him by instrument maker <a href="/wiki/David_Monette" title="David Monette">David Monette</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LAT_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This instrument allowed him to play with more expression in a range of settings, from small groups to big bands. In 1997, Monette presented him with a personalized flumpet, with decorations symbolising important people and places in Farmer's life.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Farmer's determination to keep exploring forms of expression continued throughout his life. One comment on a concert given when Farmer was 67 was that "his style was continuing to evolve"; he "delivered several solos in which his characteristically flowing lines were interrupted by sudden, wide melodic leaps and disjunct rhythmic accents".<sup id="cite_ref-LAT_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few months before his death, although faster numbers had become perhaps too challenging, <i>The Guardian</i> observed, Farmer's playing on slower tunes achieved a new level of emotional expression.<sup id="cite_ref-JF_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JF-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography_and_filmography">Discography and filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Farmer&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Discography and filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Art_Farmer_discography" title="Art Farmer discography">Art Farmer discography</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Farmer&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-LA1990-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LA1990_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LA1990_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Feather, Leonard (March 30, 1990), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-03-30-ca-345-story.html">"Jazz Review: Art Farmer's Fluegelhorn of Plenty"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Feather-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Feather_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Feather_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Feather_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Feather_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Feather_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Feather, Leonard, & <a href="/wiki/Ira_Gitler" title="Ira Gitler">Ira Gitler</a> (2007), <i>The Biographical Encyclopedia of Jazz</i>, p. 219. Oxford University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yorker-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yorker_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yorker_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yorker_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yorker_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yorker_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yorker_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yorker_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yorker_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yorker_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yorker_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yorker_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yorker_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yorker_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yorker_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yorker_3-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yorker_3-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yorker_3-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yorker_3-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yorker_3-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Balliett, Whitney (September 23, 1985), "Profiles: Here and Abroad" <i>The New Yorker</i>, pp. 43–55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ramsey, William E., & Betty Dineen Shrier (2002), <i>Silent Hills Speak: A History of Council Bluffs</i> Barnhart Press. Cited in: Longden, Tom, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.desmoinesregister.com/dmr/famous-iowans/art-farmer">"Art Farmer"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130410175410/http://data.desmoinesregister.com/dmr/famous-iowans/art-farmer">Archived</a> April 10, 2013, at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>. DesMoinesRegister.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LAT-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LAT_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LAT_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LAT_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LAT_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LAT_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LAT_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LAT_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LAT_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Heckman, Don, & Jon Thurber (October 7, 1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-oct-07-mn-19751-story.html">"Art Farmer: Eloquent Jazz Master of the Trumpet and Fluegelhorn"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AM2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AM2_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AM2_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AM2_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Balliett, Whitney (2006), <i>American Musicians II: Seventy-One Portraits in Jazz</i>. University Press of Mississippi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithsonianjazz.org/documents/oral_histories/Farmer_Art_Interview_Transcription.pdf">"Art Farmer: NEA Jazz Master (1999)"</a> (June 29–30, 1995). Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program NEA Jazz Master interview.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bryant-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bryant_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bryant_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bryant_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bryant_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bryant_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bryant, Clora (1998), <i>Central Avenue Sounds: Jazz in Los Angeles</i>. University of California Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rob-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rob_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rob_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robinson, Greg (October 1994), "Art Farmer: Playing It Right", <i>JazzTimes</i>, pp. 47–48, 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-David-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-David_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-David_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-David_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rosenthal, David (1993), <i>Hard Bop: Jazz and Black Music, 1955–1965</i>, pp. 85–94. Oxford University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Berliner-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Berliner_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berliner_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Berliner, Paul F. (2009), <i>Thinking in Jazz: The Infinite Art of Improvisation</i>. University of Chicago Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ben-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ben_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ben_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ratliff, Ben (October 6, 1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/06/arts/art-farmer-71-be-bop-master-of-the-trumpet-and-fluegelhorn.html">"Art Farmer, 71, Be-Bop Master of the Trumpet and Fluegelhorn"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Porter, Ray (1995), <i>There and Back</i>, pp. 167–168. Continuum International.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jepson, Jorgen Grumet (ed.) (1965), <i>Jazz Records 1942–1962 Vol. 8: Te–Z</i>, p. 110. Karl Emil Knudson.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fairchild, Rolf. In <i>Jumpin' the Blues</i> [LP liner notes]. Arhoolie Records.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Accardi, James <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wardellgray.org/discography.html">"Wardell Gray – A Discography 1944–1955"</a>. wardellgray.org discography. Retrieved April 2, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-local-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-local_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-local_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Requiem" (November 1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.local802afm.org/1999/11/requiem-48/#2">Associated Musicians of Greater New York's <i>Allegro</i>. Volume XCIX, No. 10.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schneeberger, Mario (April 30, 2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jazzdocumentation.ch/mario/lionel-hampton-bandroutes-europe-19531.pdf">"The European Tour of Lionel Hampton and His Orchestra, 1953 Band Routes"</a>. Jazzdocumentation.ch. Retrieved June 5, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JF-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JF_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JF_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JF_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JF_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Fordham_(jazz_critic)" title="John Fordham (jazz critic)">Fordham, John</a> (October 7, 1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/1999/oct/07/guardianobituaries.johnfordham">"Art Farmer"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/musician_discography.php?id=6637#anchor111">"Art Farmer: Discography"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120115122032/http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/musician_discography.php?id=6637#anchor111">Archived</a> January 15, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. All About Jazz. Retrieved April 2, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-art-farmer-septet-mw0000263559">"The Art Farmer Septet: Review"</a>. AllMusic. Retrieved April 2, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ramsey-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ramsey_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ramsey_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ramsey_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ramsey, Douglas K. (1989) <i>Jazz Matters: Reflections on the Music & Some of Its Makers</i>. University of Arkansas Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AM-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AM_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AM_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AM_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Bogdanov_(editor)" title="Vladimir Bogdanov (editor)">Bogdanov, Vladimir</a>; Woodstra, Chris; Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (eds.) (2002), <i>All Music Guide to Jazz: The Definitive Guide to Jazz Music</i> (4th ed.). Backbeat Books.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sheridan, Chris (2001), "Brilliant Corners: A Bio-Discography of Thelonious Monk", p. 54. <i>Greenwood Publishing</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kahn, Ashley (November 2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jazztimes.com/articles/15082-elvin-jones-the-company-of-thunder">"Elvin Jones: The Company of Thunder"</a>. <i>JazzTimes</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Silver, Horace (2007) <i>Let's Get to the Nitty Gritty: The Autobiography of Horace Silver</i>, pp. 91, 96. University of California Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-essential-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-essential_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-essential_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harrison, Max; Thacker, Eric; Nicholson, Stuart (2000), <i>The Essential Jazz Records: Volume 2: Modernism to Postmodernism</i>, pp. 96–99. Continuum.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nea-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nea_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nea_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nea_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">National Endowment for the Arts <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nea.gov/honors/jazz/jmCMS/master.php?id=1999_02&type=bio">"1999 NEA Jazz Master: Art Farmer"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121020154642/http://nea.gov/honors/jazz/jmCMS/master.php?id=1999_02&type=bio">Archived</a> October 20, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. NEA Jazz Masters Art Farmer biography. Retrieved April 2, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-csm-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-csm_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-csm_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Duncan, Amy (January 6, 1983), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/1983/0106/010602.html">"American Trumpeter Art Farmer's Cool Notes in Vienna"</a>. <i>The Christian Science Monitor</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mattis, Olivia (2006), "From Bebop to Poo-Wip: Jazz Influences in Varèse's Poème électronique". In Meyer, Felix, & Heidy Zimmermann (eds), <i>Edgar Varèse: Composer Sound Sculptor Visionary</i>, pp. 309–317. Paul Sacher Foundation / The Boydell Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whitney-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-whitney_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Balliett, Whitney (2000), <i>Collected Works: A Journal of Jazz 1954–2000</i>, p. 37. Granta Books.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jackson, Grant (September 10, 2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=129755810">"Behind 'A Great Day in Harlem': Jean Bach on Piano Jazz"</a>. npr.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McNally, Owen (June 25, 2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courant.com/2006/06/25/reliving-a-great-day-in-harlem/">"Reliving 'A Great Day in Harlem'"</a>. <i>Hartford Courant</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Krow, Jeff (October 30, 2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://audaud.com/2009/10/art-farmer-%e2%80%93-live-in-1964-%e2%80%93-jazz-icons-iv-series/">"Art Farmer – Live in 1964 – (Jazz Icons IV Series)"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714122701/http://audaud.com/2009/10/art-farmer-%E2%80%93-live-in-1964-%E2%80%93-jazz-icons-iv-series/">Archived</a> July 14, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Audiophile Audition</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TC-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TC_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TC_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cunniffe, Thomas <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jazzhistoryonline.com/Art_Farmer___Jim_Hall_2.html">"The Art Farmer Quartet Featuring Jim Hall: Part 2"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140804033450/https://jazzhistoryonline.com/Art_Farmer___Jim_Hall_2.html">Archived</a> August 4, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Jazz History Online. Retrieved April 2, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Art Farmer" (February 1975), <i>Buffalo Jazz Report</i>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fraser, C. Gerald (August 26, 1976), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1976/08/26/archives/art-farmer-finds-jazz-in-europe-challenging.html">"Art Farmer Finds Jazz in Europe Challenging"</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cookin-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cookin_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cookin_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cookin_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mathieson, Kenny (2012), <i>Cookin': Hard Bop and Soul Jazz 1954–65: Hard Bop and Soul Jazz 1954–65</i>. Canongate.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gitler, Ira (1966), <i>Jazz Masters of the Forties</i>, p. 272. Collins Books.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Watrous, Peter (August 8, 1994), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1994/08/08/arts/jazz-review-players-play-to-honor-art-farmer.html">"Jazz Review; Players Play to Honor Art Farmer"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://extras.denverpost.com/news/obits/farm1007.htm">"Art Farmer"</a> (October 7, 1999), <i>The Denver Post Online</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Feather, Leonard (November 12, 1987), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-11-12-ca-20575-story.html">"Art Farmer Reaps His Musical Harvest"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reich, Howard (August 5, 1997), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/1997/08/05/specialized-instrument/">"Specialized Instrument: Jazzman's 'Flumpet' Decorated with Personal Symbols"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_Farmer&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artfarmer.org/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p6486">Art Farmer</a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMusic_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="AllMusic (identifier)">AllMusic</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/viewFile.do?itemId=30106&fileSeq=3&xsl=http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/xslt/local/tei/xml/tei/stylesheet/xhtml2/tei.xsl">Steven L. Isoardi's 1991 interviews of Farmer, about his time in Los Angeles</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201017073945/http://oralhistory.library.ucla.edu/viewFile.do?itemId=30106&fileSeq=3&xsl=http%3A%2F%2Foralhistory.library.ucla.edu%2Fxslt%2Flocal%2Ftei%2Fxml%2Ftei%2Fstylesheet%2Fxhtml2%2Ftei.xsl">Archived</a> October 17, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/video/video.php?v=1478250606725">David Monette's video of Farmer's 1997 personalized flumpet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artfarmer.org/art-farmer-discography-introduction/">Complete discography</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Art_Farmer" title="Template:Art Farmer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Art_Farmer" title="Template talk:Art Farmer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Art_Farmer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Art Farmer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Art_Farmer" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Art Farmer</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/When_Farmer_Met_Gryce" title="When Farmer Met Gryce">When Farmer Met Gryce</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Art_Farmer_Quintet_featuring_Gigi_Gryce" title="Art Farmer Quintet featuring Gigi Gryce">Art Farmer Quintet featuring Gigi Gryce</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_Farmer_Septet" title="The Art Farmer Septet">The Art Farmer Septet</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Farmer%27s_Market_(album)" title="Farmer's Market (album)">Farmer's Market</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2_Trumpets" title="2 Trumpets">2 Trumpets</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Trumpets" title="Three Trumpets">Three Trumpets</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Last_Night_When_We_Were_Young_(album)" title="Last Night When We Were Young (album)">Last Night When We Were Young</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Art_Farmer" title="Portrait of Art Farmer">Portrait of Art Farmer</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Modern_Art_(Art_Farmer_album)" title="Modern Art (Art Farmer album)">Modern Art</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brass_Shout" title="Brass Shout">Brass Shout</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Aztec_Suite" title="The Aztec Suite">The Aztec Suite</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Art_(Art_Farmer_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Art (Art Farmer album)">Art</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Early_Art" title="Early Art">Early Art</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Listen_to_Art_Farmer_and_the_Orchestra" title="Listen to Art Farmer and the Orchestra">Listen to Art Farmer and the Orchestra</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interaction_(album)" title="Interaction (album)">Interaction </a></i> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Perception_(Art_Farmer_album)" title="Perception (Art Farmer album)">Perception</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_Sweden_with_Love" title="To Sweden with Love">To Sweden with Love</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Many_Faces_of_Art_Farmer" title="The Many Faces of Art Farmer">The Many Faces of Art Farmer</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sing_Me_Softly_of_the_Blues" title="Sing Me Softly of the Blues">Sing Me Softly of the Blues</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Jazz_Sextet:_Group_Therapy" title="New York Jazz Sextet: Group Therapy">New York Jazz Sextet: Group Therapy</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baroque_Sketches" title="Baroque Sketches">Baroque Sketches</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_Farmer_Quintet_Plays_the_Great_Jazz_Hits" title="The Art Farmer Quintet Plays the Great Jazz Hits">The Art Farmer Quintet Plays the Great Jazz Hits</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homecoming_(Art_Farmer_album)" title="Homecoming (Art Farmer album)">Homecoming</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gentle_Eyes" title="Gentle Eyes">Gentle Eyes</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yesterday%27s_Thoughts" title="Yesterday's Thoughts">Yesterday's Thoughts</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_Duke_with_Love" title="To Duke with Love">To Duke with Love</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Road_(Art_Farmer_album)" title="On the Road (Art Farmer album)">On the Road</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Summer_Knows" title="The Summer Knows">The Summer Knows</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crawl_Space_(album)" title="Crawl Space (album)">Crawl Space</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Something_You_Got" title="Something You Got">Something You Got</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Big_Blues_(Art_Farmer_album)" title="Big Blues (Art Farmer album)">Big Blues</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yama_(album)" title="Yama (album)">Yama</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_(Art_Farmer_album)" title="Manhattan (Art Farmer album)">Manhattan</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mirage_(Art_Farmer_album)" title="Mirage (Art Farmer album)">Mirage</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warm_Valley" title="Warm Valley">Warm Valley</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/You_Make_Me_Smile_(album)" title="You Make Me Smile (album)">You Make Me Smile</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Something_to_Live_For:_The_Music_of_Billy_Strayhorn" title="Something to Live For: The Music of Billy Strayhorn">Something to Live For: The Music of Billy Strayhorn</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Azure_(Art_Farmer_and_Fritz_Pauer_album)" title="Azure (Art Farmer and Fritz Pauer album)">Azure</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blame_It_on_My_Youth_(Art_Farmer_album)" title="Blame It on My Youth (Art Farmer album)">Blame It on My Youth</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ph.D._(Art_Farmer_album)" title="Ph.D. (Art Farmer album)">Ph.D. </a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Time_and_the_Place_(Art_Farmer_album)" title="The Time and the Place (Art Farmer album)">The Time and the Place</a></i> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Live_at_the_Half-Note" title="Live at the Half-Note">Live at the Half-Note</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Time_and_the_Place:_The_Lost_Concert" title="The Time and the Place: The Lost Concert">The Time and the Place: The Lost Concert</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Art_Farmer_Quintet_at_Boomers" title="Art Farmer Quintet at Boomers">Art Farmer Quintet at Boomers</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Central_Avenue_Reunion" title="Central Avenue Reunion">Central Avenue Reunion</a></i> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Farmer_discography" title="Art Farmer discography">Discography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jazztet" title="The Jazztet">The Jazztet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394678"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-group" aria-labelledby="The_Jazztet" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Jazztet" title="Template:The Jazztet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Jazztet" title="Template talk:The Jazztet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Jazztet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Jazztet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Jazztet" class="fn org" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Jazztet" title="The Jazztet">The Jazztet</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Art Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Golson" title="Benny Golson">Benny Golson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Meet_the_Jazztet" title="Meet the Jazztet">Meet the Jazztet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Big_City_Sounds" title="Big City Sounds">Big City Sounds</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jazztet_and_John_Lewis" title="The Jazztet and John Lewis">The Jazztet and John Lewis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Here_and_Now_(The_Jazztet_album)" title="Here and Now (The Jazztet album)">Here and Now</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Another_Git_Together" title="Another Git Together">Another Git Together</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voices_All" title="Voices All">Voices All</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moment_to_Moment_(The_Jazztet_album)" title="Moment to Moment (The Jazztet album)">Moment to Moment</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nostalgia_(The_Jazztet_album)" title="Nostalgia (The Jazztet album)">Nostalgia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jazztet_at_Birdhouse" title="The Jazztet at Birdhouse">The Jazztet at Birdhouse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Back_to_the_City" title="Back to the City">Back to the City</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Real_Time_(The_Jazztet_album)" title="Real Time (The Jazztet album)">Real Time</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394678"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-group" aria-labelledby="Kenny_Clarke/Francy_Boland_Big_Band" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kenny_Clarke/Francy_Boland_Big_Band" title="Template:Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland Big Band"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kenny_Clarke/Francy_Boland_Big_Band" title="Template talk:Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland Big Band"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kenny_Clarke/Francy_Boland_Big_Band" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland Big Band"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kenny_Clarke/Francy_Boland_Big_Band" class="fn org" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Clarke/Francy_Boland_Big_Band" title="Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland Big Band">Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland Big Band</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Clarke" title="Kenny Clarke">Kenny Clarke</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Francy_Boland" title="Francy Boland">Francy Boland</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Griffin" title="Johnny Griffin">Johnny Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muvaffak_%22Maffy%22_Falay" title="Muvaffak "Maffy" Falay">Muvaffak "Maffy" Falay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_%22Lockjaw%22_Davis" title="Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis">Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Scott" title="Ronnie Scott">Ronnie Scott</a></li> <li>Carl Drewo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Coe" title="Tony Coe">Tony Coe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Humble" title="Derek Humble">Derek Humble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Peck" title="Nat Peck">Nat Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85ke_Persson" title="Åke Persson">Åke Persson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ko_Gojkovi%C4%87" title="Duško Gojković">Duško Gojković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Sulzmann" title="Stan Sulzmann">Stan Sulzmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ack_van_Rooyen" title="Ack van Rooyen">Ack van Rooyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Surman" title="John Surman">John Surman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Deuchar" title="Jimmy Deuchar">Jimmy Deuchar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Schoof" title="Manfred Schoof">Manfred Schoof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Mangelsdorff" title="Albert Mangelsdorff">Albert Mangelsdorff</a></li> <li>Erik van Lier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Mathewson" title="Ron Mathewson">Ron Mathewson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fats_Sadi" title="Fats Sadi">Fats Sadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Clare" title="Kenny Clare">Kenny Clare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Bailey" title="Benny Bailey">Benny Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Woode" title="Jimmy Woode">Jimmy Woode</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Art Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahib_Shihab" title="Sahib Shihab">Sahib Shihab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shake_Keane" title="Shake Keane">Shake Keane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idrees_Sulieman" title="Idrees Sulieman">Idrees Sulieman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Geller" title="Herb Geller">Herb Geller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Woods" title="Phil Woods">Phil Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoot_Sims" title="Zoot Sims">Zoot Sims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Getz" title="Stan Getz">Stan Getz</a></li> <li>John Bodwin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Watkins_(trumpeter)" title="Derek Watkins (trumpeter)">Derek Watkins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Is_Universal" title="Jazz Is Universal">Jazz Is Universal</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Handle_with_Care_(Clarke-Boland_Big_Band_album)" title="Handle with Care (Clarke-Boland Big Band album)">Handle with Care</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Now_Hear_Our_Meanin%27" title="Now Hear Our Meanin'">Now Hear Our Meanin'</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Swing,_Waltz,_Swing" title="Swing, Waltz, Swing">Swing, Waltz, Swing</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sax_No_End" title="Sax No End">Sax No End</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Out_of_the_Folk_Bag" title="Out of the Folk Bag">Out of the Folk Bag</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/17_Men_and_Their_Music" title="17 Men and Their Music">17 Men and Their Music</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_Smiles_(Kenny_Clarke/Francy_Boland_Big_Band_album)" title="All Smiles (Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland Big Band album)">All Smiles</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Faces_(Clarke-Boland_Big_Band_album)" title="Faces (Clarke-Boland Big Band album)">Faces</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/More_(Clarke-Boland_Big_Band_album)" title="More (Clarke-Boland Big Band album)">More</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Latin_Kaleidoscope" title="Latin Kaleidoscope">Latin Kaleidoscope</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fellini_712" title="Fellini 712">Fellini 712</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_Blues_(Clarke-Boland_Big_Band_album)" title="All Blues (Clarke-Boland Big Band album)">All Blues</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/More_Smiles" title="More Smiles">More Smiles</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Off_Limits_(album)" title="Off Limits (album)">Off Limits</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/November_Girl" title="November Girl">November Girl</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Change_of_Scenes" title="Change of Scenes">Change of Scenes</a></i> (1971)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Clarke_Boland_Big_Band_en_Concert_avec_Europe_1" title="Clarke Boland Big Band en Concert avec Europe 1">Clarke Boland Big Band en Concert avec Europe 1</a></i> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bohemia_After_Dark" title="Bohemia After Dark">Bohemia After Dark</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_8" title="The Golden 8">The Golden 8</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Americans_in_Europe" title="Americans in Europe">Americans in Europe Vol. 1</a></i> (1963)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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.portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saxo_Boca1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/18px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/28px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/36px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="230" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Jazz" title="Portal:Jazz">Jazz</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/7px-GClef.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/10px-GClef.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/14px-GClef.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="41" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Music" title="Portal:Music">Music</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500464#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500464#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500464#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000059479563">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/24787012">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/116955/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhMfXcRVFyRvPVcCVwXBP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/134026357">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83160891">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13893797p">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13893797p">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Farmer, Art"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UBOV515965">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0014969&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX892700">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p07309448X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/1012200">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000069726&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810618815905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007325635705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/ee40fc76-9cbf-4862-bd00-e5f45e8d25d7">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/314819">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/134026357">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/085648108">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10569852">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6642tfk">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" 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trumpeters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arabesque_Records_artists" title="Category:Arabesque Records artists">Arabesque Records artists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Argo_Records_artists" title="Category:Argo Records artists">Argo Records artists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Atlantic_Records_artists" title="Category:Atlantic Records artists">Atlantic Records artists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bebop_trumpeters" title="Category:Bebop trumpeters">Bebop trumpeters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Contemporary_Records_artists" title="Category:Contemporary Records artists">Contemporary Records artists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cool_jazz_trumpeters" title="Category:Cool jazz trumpeters">Cool jazz trumpeters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CTI_Records_artists" title="Category:CTI Records artists">CTI Records artists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Enja_Records_artists" title="Category:Enja Records artists">Enja Records artists</a></li><li><a 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