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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hodge_conjecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hodge_conjecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Hodge conjecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hodge_conjecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Exposition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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V. D. Hodge</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%AC" title="وليام فالانس دوغلاس هودج – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وليام فالانس دوغلاس هودج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hodge" title="William Hodge – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="William Hodge" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Vallance_Douglas_Hodge" title="William Vallance Douglas Hodge – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="William Vallance Douglas Hodge" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._V._D._Hodge" title="W. V. D. Hodge – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="W. V. D. Hodge" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Vallance_Douglas_Hodge" title="William Vallance Douglas Hodge – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="William Vallance Douglas Hodge" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BC_%CE%92%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%82_%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%A7%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B6" title="Γουίλιαμ Βάλανς Ντάγκλας Χοτζ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γουίλιαμ Βάλανς Ντάγκλας Χοτζ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._V._D._Hodge" title="W. V. D. Hodge – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="W. V. D. Hodge" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88._%D9%88%DB%8C._%D8%AF%DB%8C._%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="دابلیو. وی. دی. هاج – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دابلیو. وی. دی. هاج" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Vallance_Douglas_Hodge" title="William Vallance Douglas Hodge – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="William Vallance Douglas Hodge" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84_%EB%B0%B8%EB%9F%B0%EC%8A%A4_%EB%8D%94%EA%B8%80%EB%9F%AC%EC%8A%A4_%ED%98%B8%EC%A7%80" title="윌리엄 밸런스 더글러스 호지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윌리엄 밸런스 더글러스 호지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Vallance_Douglas_Hodge" title="William Vallance Douglas Hodge – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="William Vallance Douglas Hodge" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%AC" title="وليام فالانس دوجلاس هودج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="وليام فالانس دوجلاس هودج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Vallance_Douglas_Hodge" title="William Vallance Douglas Hodge – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="William Vallance Douglas Hodge" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9B%E3%83%83%E3%82%B8" title="ウィリアム・ホッジ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィリアム・ホッジ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Vallance_Douglas_Hodge" title="William Vallance Douglas Hodge – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="William Vallance Douglas Hodge" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Vallance_Douglas_Hodge" title="William Vallance Douglas Hodge – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="William Vallance Douglas Hodge" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Ходж, Вильям Воланс Дуглас – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ходж, Вильям Воланс Дуглас" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._V._D._Hodge" title="W. V. D. Hodge – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="W. V. D. Hodge" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Vallance_Douglas_Hodge" title="William Vallance Douglas Hodge – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="William Vallance Douglas Hodge" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Vallance_Douglas_Hodge" title="William Vallance Douglas Hodge – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="William Vallance Douglas Hodge" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Vallance_Douglas_Hodge" title="William Vallance Douglas Hodge – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="William Vallance Douglas Hodge" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Вільям Воланс Дуглас Годж – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вільям Воланс Дуглас Годж" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hodge" title="William Hodge – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="William Hodge" 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Hodge_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Hodge (disambiguation)">Hodge (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sir" title="Sir">Sir</a></div><div class="fn">W. V. D. Hodge</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh">FRSE</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1903-06-17</span>)</span>17 June 1903<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, UK</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">7 July 1975<span style="display:none">(1975-07-07)</span> (aged 72)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, UK</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">British</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Watson%27s_College" title="George Watson's College">George Watson's College</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a><br /><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="St John's College, Cambridge">St John's College, Cambridge</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hodge_conjecture" title="Hodge conjecture">Hodge conjecture</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hodge_dual" class="mw-redirect" title="Hodge dual">Hodge dual</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hodge_bundle" title="Hodge bundle">Hodge bundle</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hodge_theory" title="Hodge theory">Hodge theory</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Adams_Prize" title="Adams Prize">Adams Prize</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1936)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Senior_Berwick_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Senior Berwick Prize">Senior Berwick Prize</a> <small>(1952)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Royal_Medal" title="Royal Medal">Royal Medal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1957)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/De_Morgan_Medal" title="De Morgan Medal">De Morgan Medal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1959)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Copley_Medal" title="Copley Medal">Copley Medal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1974)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category">Mathematics</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pembroke_College,_Cambridge" title="Pembroke College, Cambridge">Pembroke College, Cambridge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Academic advisors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/E._T._Whittaker" title="E. T. Whittaker">E. T. Whittaker</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Atiyah" title="Michael Atiyah">Michael Atiyah</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ian_R._Porteous" title="Ian R. Porteous">Ian R. Porteous</a><br /><a href="/wiki/David_J._Simms" title="David J. Simms">David J. Simms</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1_Church_Hill_Place,_Edinburgh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/1_Church_Hill_Place%2C_Edinburgh.jpg/280px-1_Church_Hill_Place%2C_Edinburgh.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/1_Church_Hill_Place%2C_Edinburgh.jpg/420px-1_Church_Hill_Place%2C_Edinburgh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/1_Church_Hill_Place%2C_Edinburgh.jpg/560px-1_Church_Hill_Place%2C_Edinburgh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3088" data-file-height="2056" /></a><figcaption>Hodge's home at 1 Church Hill Place, Edinburgh</figcaption></figure> <p>Sir <b>William Vallance Douglas Hodge</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh">FRSE</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-frs_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span></span>/</a></span></span>; 17 June 1903 – 7 July 1975) was a British mathematician, specifically a <a href="/wiki/Geometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Geometer">geometer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mactutor_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mactutor-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His discovery of far-reaching <a href="/wiki/Topological" class="mw-redirect" title="Topological">topological</a> relations between <a href="/wiki/Algebraic_geometry" title="Algebraic geometry">algebraic geometry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Differential_geometry" title="Differential geometry">differential geometry</a>—an area now called <a href="/wiki/Hodge_theory" title="Hodge theory">Hodge theory</a> and pertaining more generally to <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4hler_manifold" title="Kähler manifold">Kähler manifolds</a>—has been a major influence on subsequent work in geometry. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W._V._D._Hodge&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hodge was born in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> in 1903, the younger son and second of three children of Archibald James Hodge (1869–1938), a searcher of records in the property market and a partner in the firm of Douglas and Company, and his wife, Jane (born 1875), daughter of confectionery business owner William Vallance.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They lived at 1 Church Hill Place in the <a href="/wiki/Morningside,_Edinburgh" title="Morningside, Edinburgh">Morningside</a> district.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He attended <a href="/wiki/George_Watson%27s_College" title="George Watson's College">George Watson's College</a>, and studied at <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Edinburgh University">Edinburgh University</a>, graduating MA in 1923. With help from <a href="/wiki/E._T._Whittaker" title="E. T. Whittaker">E. T. Whittaker</a>, whose son <a href="/wiki/J._M._Whittaker" class="mw-redirect" title="J. M. Whittaker">J. M. Whittaker</a> was a college friend, he then enrolled as an affiliated student at <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="St John's College, Cambridge">St John's College, Cambridge</a>, in order to study the <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Tripos" title="Mathematical Tripos">Mathematical Tripos</a>. At Cambridge he fell under the influence of the geometer <a href="/wiki/H._F._Baker" class="mw-redirect" title="H. F. Baker">H. F. Baker</a>. He gained a Cambridge BA degree in 1925, receiving the MA in 1930 and the Doctor of Science (ScD) degree in 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1926 he took up a teaching position at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol" title="University of Bristol">University of Bristol</a>, and began work on the interface between the <a href="/wiki/Italian_school_of_algebraic_geometry" title="Italian school of algebraic geometry">Italian school of algebraic geometry</a>, particularly problems posed by <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Severi" title="Francesco Severi">Francesco Severi</a>, and the topological methods of <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Lefschetz" title="Solomon Lefschetz">Solomon Lefschetz</a>. This made his reputation, but led to some initial scepticism on the part of Lefschetz. According to <a href="/wiki/Michael_Atiyah" title="Michael Atiyah">Atiyah</a>'s memoir, Lefschetz and Hodge in 1931 had a meeting in <a href="/wiki/Max_Newman" title="Max Newman">Max Newman</a>'s rooms in Cambridge, to try to resolve issues. In the end Lefschetz was convinced.<sup id="cite_ref-frs_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1928 he was elected a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" title="Royal Society of Edinburgh">Royal Society of Edinburgh</a>. His proposers were Sir <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Taylor_Whittaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund Taylor Whittaker">Edmund Taylor Whittaker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Allan_Sampson" title="Ralph Allan Sampson">Ralph Allan Sampson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Charles Glover Barkla</a>, and Sir <a href="/wiki/Charles_Galton_Darwin" title="Charles Galton Darwin">Charles Galton Darwin</a>. He was awarded the Society's <a href="/wiki/Gunning_Victoria_Jubilee_Prize" title="Gunning Victoria Jubilee Prize">Gunning Victoria Jubilee Prize</a> for the period 1964 to 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1930 Hodge was awarded a Research Fellowship at St John's College, Cambridge. He spent the year 1931–2 at <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, where Lefschetz was, visiting also <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Zariski" title="Oscar Zariski">Oscar Zariski</a> at <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a>. At this time he was also assimilating <a href="/wiki/De_Rham%27s_theorem" class="mw-redirect" title="De Rham's theorem">de Rham's theorem</a>, and defining the <a href="/wiki/Hodge_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Hodge star">Hodge star</a> operation. It would allow him to define <a href="/wiki/Harmonic_form" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonic form">harmonic forms</a> and so refine the de Rham theory. </p><p>On his return to Cambridge, he was offered a University Lecturer position in 1933. He became the <a href="/wiki/Lowndean_Professor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowndean Professor">Lowndean Professor</a> of Astronomy and Geometry at <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, a position he held from 1936 to 1970. He was the first head of <a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Mathematics,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Faculty of Mathematics, University of Cambridge">DPMMS</a>. </p><p>He was the Master of <a href="/wiki/Pembroke_College,_Cambridge" title="Pembroke College, Cambridge">Pembroke College, Cambridge</a> from 1958 to 1970, and vice-president of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> from 1959 to 1965. He was knighted in 1959. Amongst other honours, he received the <a href="/wiki/Adams_Prize" title="Adams Prize">Adams Prize</a> in 1937 and the <a href="/wiki/Copley_Medal" title="Copley Medal">Copley Medal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> in 1974. </p><p>He died in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a> on 7 July 1975. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work">Work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W._V._D._Hodge&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Hodge_index_theorem" title="Hodge index theorem">Hodge index theorem</a> was a result on the <a href="/wiki/Intersection_number" title="Intersection number">intersection number</a> theory for curves on an <a href="/wiki/Algebraic_surface" title="Algebraic surface">algebraic surface</a>: it determines the <a href="/wiki/Metric_signature" title="Metric signature">signature</a> of the corresponding <a href="/wiki/Quadratic_form" title="Quadratic form">quadratic form</a>. This result was sought by the <a href="/wiki/Italian_school_of_algebraic_geometry" title="Italian school of algebraic geometry">Italian school of algebraic geometry</a>, but was proved by the topological methods of <a href="/wiki/Lefschetz" class="mw-redirect" title="Lefschetz">Lefschetz</a>. </p><p><i>The Theory and Applications of Harmonic Integrals</i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> summed up Hodge's development during the 1930s of his general theory. This starts with the existence for any <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4hler_metric" class="mw-redirect" title="Kähler metric">Kähler metric</a> of a theory of <a href="/wiki/Laplacian" class="mw-redirect" title="Laplacian">Laplacians</a> – it applies to an <a href="/wiki/Algebraic_variety" title="Algebraic variety">algebraic variety</a> <i>V</i> (assumed <a href="/wiki/Complex_numbers" class="mw-redirect" title="Complex numbers">complex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Projective_variety" title="Projective variety">projective</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nonsingular_variety" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonsingular variety">non-singular</a>) because <a href="/wiki/Projective_space" title="Projective space">projective space</a> itself carries such a metric. In <a href="/wiki/De_Rham_cohomology" title="De Rham cohomology">de Rham cohomology</a> terms, a cohomology class of degree <i>k</i> is represented by a <a href="/wiki/Differential_form" title="Differential form"><i>k</i>-form</a> <i>α</i> on <i>V</i>(<b>C</b>). There is no unique representative; but by introducing the idea of <i>harmonic form</i> (Hodge still called them 'integrals'), which are solutions of <a href="/wiki/Laplace%27s_equation" title="Laplace's equation">Laplace's equation</a>, one can get unique <i>α</i>. This has the important, immediate consequence of splitting up </p> <dl><dd><i>H</i><sup><i>k</i></sup>(<i>V</i>(<b>C</b>), <b>C</b>)</dd></dl> <p>into subspaces </p> <dl><dd><i>H</i><sup><i>p</i>,<i>q</i></sup></dd></dl> <p>according to the number <i>p</i> of <a href="/wiki/Holomorphic_function" title="Holomorphic function">holomorphic</a> differentials <i>dz<sup>i</sup></i> wedged to make up <i>α</i> (the cotangent space being spanned by the <i>dz<sup>i</sup></i> and their complex conjugates). The dimensions of the subspaces are the <a href="/wiki/Hodge_number" class="mw-redirect" title="Hodge number">Hodge numbers</a>. </p><p>This <i>Hodge decomposition</i> has become a fundamental tool. Not only do the dimensions h<sup><i>p</i>,<i>q</i></sup> refine the <a href="/wiki/Betti_number" title="Betti number">Betti numbers</a>, by breaking them into parts with identifiable geometric meaning; but the decomposition itself, as a varying 'flag' in a complex vector space, has a meaning in relation with <a href="/wiki/Moduli_problem" class="mw-redirect" title="Moduli problem">moduli problems</a>. In broad terms, Hodge theory contributes both to the discrete and the continuous classification of algebraic varieties. </p><p>Further developments by others led in particular to an idea of <a href="/wiki/Mixed_Hodge_structure" title="Mixed Hodge structure">mixed Hodge structure</a> on singular varieties, and to deep analogies with <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tale_cohomology" title="Étale cohomology">étale cohomology</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hodge_conjecture">Hodge conjecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W._V._D._Hodge&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hodge conjecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Hodge_conjecture" title="Hodge conjecture">Hodge conjecture</a> on the 'middle' spaces H<sup><i>p</i>,<i>p</i></sup> is still unsolved, in general. It is one of the seven <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Prize_Problems" title="Millennium Prize Problems">Millennium Prize Problems</a> set up by the <a href="/wiki/Clay_Mathematics_Institute" title="Clay Mathematics Institute">Clay Mathematics Institute</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exposition">Exposition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W._V._D._Hodge&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Exposition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hodge also wrote, with <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pedoe" title="Daniel Pedoe">Daniel Pedoe</a>, a three-volume work <i>Methods of Algebraic Geometry</i>, on classical algebraic geometry, with much concrete content – illustrating though what <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Cartan" title="Élie Cartan">Élie Cartan</a> called 'the debauch of indices' in its component notation. According to <a href="/wiki/Michael_Atiyah" title="Michael Atiyah">Atiyah</a>, this was intended to update and replace <a href="/wiki/H._F._Baker" class="mw-redirect" title="H. F. Baker">H. F. Baker</a>'s <i>Principles of Geometry</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W._V._D._Hodge&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1929 he married Kathleen Anne Cameron.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W._V._D._Hodge&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHodge1941" class="citation cs2">Hodge, W. V. D. (1941), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-8k8AAAAIAAJ"><i>The Theory and Applications of Harmonic Integrals</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-35881-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-35881-1"><bdi>978-0-521-35881-1</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/MR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MR (identifier)">MR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=0003947">0003947</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Theory+and+Applications+of+Harmonic+Integrals&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1941&rft.isbn=978-0-521-35881-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathscinet.ams.org%2Fmathscinet-getitem%3Fmr%3D0003947%23id-name%3DMR&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=W.+V.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-8k8AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW.+V.+D.+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodgePedoe1994" class="citation cs2">Hodge, W. V. D.; <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pedoe" title="Daniel Pedoe">Pedoe, D.</a> (1994) [1947], <i>Methods of Algebraic Geometry, Volume I (Book II)</i>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-46900-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-46900-5"><bdi>978-0-521-46900-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Methods+of+Algebraic+Geometry%2C+Volume+I+%28Book+II%29&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-521-46900-5&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=W.+V.+D.&rft.au=Pedoe%2C+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW.+V.+D.+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodgePedoe1994" class="citation cs2">Hodge, W. V. D.; <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pedoe" title="Daniel Pedoe">Pedoe, Daniel</a> (1994) [1952], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bJwbn3RSWhwC"><i>Methods of Algebraic Geometry: Volume 2 Book III: General theory of algebraic varieties in projective space. Book IV: Quadrics and Grassmann varieties.</i></a>, Cambridge Mathematical Library, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-46901-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-46901-2"><bdi>978-0-521-46901-2</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/MR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MR (identifier)">MR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=0048065">0048065</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Methods+of+Algebraic+Geometry%3A+Volume+2+Book+III%3A+General+theory+of+algebraic+varieties+in+projective+space.+Book+IV%3A+Quadrics+and+Grassmann+varieties.&rft.series=Cambridge+Mathematical+Library&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-521-46901-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathscinet.ams.org%2Fmathscinet-getitem%3Fmr%3D0048065%23id-name%3DMR&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=W.+V.+D.&rft.au=Pedoe%2C+Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbJwbn3RSWhwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW.+V.+D.+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodgePedoe1994" class="citation cs2">Hodge, W. V. D.; <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pedoe" title="Daniel Pedoe">Pedoe, Daniel</a> (1994) [1954], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XeX_p8pHCAIC"><i>Methods of Algebraic Geometry: Volume 3</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-46775-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-46775-9"><bdi>978-0-521-46775-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Methods+of+Algebraic+Geometry%3A+Volume+3&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-521-46775-9&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=W.+V.+D.&rft.au=Pedoe%2C+Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXeX_p8pHCAIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW.+V.+D.+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W._V._D._Hodge&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_W._V._D._Hodge" title="List of things named after W. V. D. Hodge">List of things named after W. V. D. Hodge</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W._V._D._Hodge&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Hodge.html">Hodge biography - University of St Andrews</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-frs-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-frs_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtiyah1976" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Atiyah" title="Michael Atiyah">Atiyah, M. F.</a> (1976). "William Vallance Douglas Hodge. 17 June 1903 -- 7 July 1975". <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Memoirs_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society">Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society</a></i>. <b>22</b>: 169–192. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbm.1976.0007">10.1098/rsbm.1976.0007</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:72054846">72054846</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Memoirs+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=William+Vallance+Douglas+Hodge.+17+June+1903+--+7+July+1975&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=169-192&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbm.1976.0007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A72054846%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Atiyah&rft.aufirst=M.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW.+V.+D.+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mactutor-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mactutor_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'ConnorRobertson" class="citation cs2">O'Connor, John J.; <a href="/wiki/Edmund_F._Robertson" title="Edmund F. Robertson">Robertson, Edmund F.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Hodge.html">"W. V. D. Hodge"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_Archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=W.+V.+D.+Hodge&rft.btitle=MacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+Archive&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Edmund+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FHodge.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW.+V.+D.+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mathgene-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=18583">W. V. D. Hodge</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160112063055/https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf"><i>Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-902-198-84-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-902-198-84-X"><bdi>0-902-198-84-X</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+Index+of+Former+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Edinburgh+1783%E2%80%932002&rft.pub=The+Royal+Society+of+Edinburgh&rft.date=2006-07&rft.isbn=0-902-198-84-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalsoced.org.uk%2Fcms%2Ffiles%2Ffellows%2Fbiographical_index%2Ffells_indexp1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW.+V.+D.+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Hodge">"William Hodge - Biography"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=William+Hodge+-+Biography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FHodge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW.+V.+D.+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-31241">"Hodge, Sir William Vallance Douglas (1903–1975), mathematician"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F31241">10.1093/ref:odnb/31241</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861412-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861412-8"><bdi>978-0-19-861412-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hodge%2C+Sir+William+Vallance+Douglas+%281903%E2%80%931975%29%2C+mathematician&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F31241&rft.isbn=978-0-19-861412-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-31241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW.+V.+D.+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edinburgh and Leith Post Office Directory 1903-4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Annual Register of the University of Cambridge for the year 1968-69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf"><i>Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-902-198-84-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-902-198-84-X"><bdi>0-902-198-84-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+Index+of+Former+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Edinburgh+1783%E2%80%932002&rft.pub=The+Royal+Society+of+Edinburgh&rft.date=2006-07&rft.isbn=0-902-198-84-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalsoced.org.uk%2Fcms%2Ffiles%2Ffellows%2Fbiographical_index%2Ffells_indexp1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW.+V.+D.+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStruik,_D._J.1944" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Jan_Struik" title="Dirk Jan Struik">Struik, D. J.</a> (1944). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.bams/1183505582">"Review: W. V. D. Hodge, <i>The theory and applications of harmonic integrals</i>"</a>. <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc</i>. <b>50</b> (1): 43–45. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1944-08054-3">10.1090/s0002-9904-1944-08054-3</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Review%3A+W.+V.+D.+Hodge%2C+The+theory+and+applications+of+harmonic+integrals&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=43-45&rft.date=1944&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1944-08054-3&rft.au=Struik%2C+D.+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprojecteuclid.org%2Feuclid.bams%2F1183505582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW.+V.+D.+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf"><i>Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-902-198-84-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-902-198-84-X"><bdi>0-902-198-84-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+Index+of+Former+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Edinburgh+1783%E2%80%932002&rft.pub=The+Royal+Society+of+Edinburgh&rft.date=2006-07&rft.isbn=0-902-198-84-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalsoced.org.uk%2Fcms%2Ffiles%2Ffellows%2Fbiographical_index%2Ffells_indexp1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW.+V.+D.+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoxeter,_H._S._M.1949" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/H._S._M._Coxeter" class="mw-redirect" title="H. S. M. Coxeter">Coxeter, H. S. M.</a> (1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1949-55-03/S0002-9904-1949-09193-0/S0002-9904-1949-09193-0.pdf">"Review: <i>Methods of algebraic geometry</i>. By W. V. D. Hodge and D. Pedoe"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc</i>. <b>55</b> (3, Part 1): 315–316. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1949-09193-0">10.1090/s0002-9904-1949-09193-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Methods+of+algebraic+geometry.+By+W.+V.+D.+Hodge+and+D.+Pedoe&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=3%2C+Part+1&rft.pages=315-316&rft.date=1949&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1949-09193-0&rft.au=Coxeter%2C+H.+S.+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fjournals%2Fbull%2F1949-55-03%2FS0002-9904-1949-09193-0%2FS0002-9904-1949-09193-0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW.+V.+D.+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoxeter,_H._S._M.1952" class="citation journal cs1">Coxeter, H. S. M. (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1952-58-06/S0002-9904-1952-09661-0/S0002-9904-1952-09661-0.pdf">"Review: <i>Methods of algebraic geometry.</i> Vol. 2. By W. V. D. Hodge and D. Pedoe"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc</i>. <b>58</b> (6): 678–679. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1952-09661-0">10.1090/s0002-9904-1952-09661-0</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Methods+of+algebraic+geometry.+Vol.+2.+By+W.+V.+D.+Hodge+and+D.+Pedoe&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=678-679&rft.date=1952&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1952-09661-0&rft.au=Coxeter%2C+H.+S.+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fjournals%2Fbull%2F1952-58-06%2FS0002-9904-1952-09661-0%2FS0002-9904-1952-09661-0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW.+V.+D.+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuel,_P.1955" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Samuel" title="Pierre Samuel">Samuel, P.</a> (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1955-61-03/S0002-9904-1955-09910-5/S0002-9904-1955-09910-5.pdf">"Review: <i>Methods of algebraic geometry</i>. Vol. III. <i>Birational geometry</i>. By W. V. D. Hodge and D. Pedoe"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc</i>. <b>61</b> (3, Part 1): 254–257. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1955-09910-5">10.1090/s0002-9904-1955-09910-5</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Methods+of+algebraic+geometry.+Vol.+III.+Birational+geometry.+By+W.+V.+D.+Hodge+and+D.+Pedoe&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=3%2C+Part+1&rft.pages=254-257&rft.date=1955&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1955-09910-5&rft.au=Samuel%2C+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fjournals%2Fbull%2F1955-61-03%2FS0002-9904-1955-09910-5%2FS0002-9904-1955-09910-5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW.+V.+D.+Hodge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Castle_Roberts" title="Sydney Castle Roberts">Sydney Castle Roberts</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Masters_of_Pembroke_College,_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Masters of Pembroke College, Cambridge">Master of Pembroke College, Cambridge</a> </b><br />1958–1970 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/W._A._Camps" title="W. A. Camps">W. A. Camps</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cayley" title="Arthur Cayley">Arthur Cayley</a> (1884)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Joseph_Sylvester" title="James Joseph Sylvester">James Joseph Sylvester</a> (1887)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt,_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh" title="John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh">Lord Rayleigh</a> (1890)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Felix_Klein" title="Felix Klein">Felix Klein</a> (1893)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Roberts_(mathematician)" title="Samuel Roberts (mathematician)">S. Roberts</a> (1896)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Burnside" title="William Burnside">William Burnside</a> (1899)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/A._G._Greenhill" class="mw-redirect" title="A. G. Greenhill">A. G. Greenhill</a> (1902)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/H._F._Baker" class="mw-redirect" title="H. F. Baker">H. F. Baker</a> (1905)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J._W._L._Glaisher" class="mw-redirect" title="J. W. L. Glaisher">J. W. L. Glaisher</a> (1908)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Horace_Lamb" title="Horace Lamb">Horace Lamb</a> (1911)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J._Larmor" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Larmor">J. Larmor</a> (1914)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/W._H._Young" class="mw-redirect" title="W. H. Young">W. H. Young</a> (1917)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/E._W._Hobson" title="E. W. Hobson">E. W. Hobson</a> (1920)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/P._A._MacMahon" class="mw-redirect" title="P. A. MacMahon">P. A. MacMahon</a> (1923)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Edward_Hough_Love" title="Augustus Edward Hough Love">A. E. H. Love</a> (1926)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Harold_Hardy" class="mw-redirect" title="Godfrey Harold Hardy">Godfrey Harold Hardy</a> (1929)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a> (1932)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/E._T._Whittaker" title="E. T. Whittaker">E. T. Whittaker</a> (1935)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Edensor_Littlewood" title="John Edensor Littlewood">J. E. Littlewood</a> (1938)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Mordell" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Mordell">Louis Mordell</a> (1941)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Chapman_(mathematician)" title="Sydney Chapman (mathematician)">Sydney Chapman</a> (1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Neville_Watson" class="mw-redirect" title="George Neville Watson">George Neville Watson</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/A._S._Besicovitch" class="mw-redirect" title="A. S. Besicovitch">A. S. Besicovitch</a> (1950)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Charles_Titchmarsh" title="Edward Charles Titchmarsh">E. C. Titchmarsh</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/G._I._Taylor" title="G. I. Taylor">G. I. Taylor</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">W. V. D. Hodge</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Newman" title="Max Newman">Max Newman</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Hall" title="Philip Hall">Philip Hall</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cartwright" title="Mary Cartwright">Mary Cartwright</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Mahler" title="Kurt Mahler">Kurt Mahler</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Graham_Higman" title="Graham Higman">Graham Higman</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Ambrose_Rogers" title="Claude Ambrose Rogers">C. Ambrose Rogers</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Atiyah" title="Michael Atiyah">Michael Atiyah</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/K._F._Roth" class="mw-redirect" title="K. F. Roth">K. F. Roth</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J._W._S._Cassels" title="J. W. S. Cassels">J. W. S. Cassels</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/D._G._Kendall" class="mw-redirect" title="D. G. Kendall">D. G. Kendall</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Fr%C3%B6hlich" title="Albrecht Fröhlich">Albrecht Fröhlich</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/W._K._Hayman" class="mw-redirect" title="W. K. Hayman">W. K. Hayman</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R._A._Rankin" class="mw-redirect" title="R. A. Rankin">R. A. Rankin</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Green_(mathematician)" title="Sandy Green (mathematician)">J. A. Green</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Roger Penrose</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bryan_John_Birch" title="Bryan John Birch">Bryan John Birch</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Keith_William_Morton" title="Keith William Morton">Keith William Morton</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Griggs_Thompson" class="mw-redirect" title="John Griggs Thompson">John Griggs Thompson</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Gowers" title="Timothy Gowers">Timothy Gowers</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wiles" title="Andrew Wiles">Andrew Wiles</a> (2019)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Copley_Medallists_(1951–2000)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Copley_Medallists_1951%E2%80%932000" title="Template:Copley Medallists 1951–2000"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Copley_Medallists_1951%E2%80%932000" title="Template talk:Copley Medallists 1951–2000"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Copley_Medallists_1951%E2%80%932000" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Copley Medallists 1951–2000"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Copley_Medallists_(1951–2000)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Copley_Medal" title="Copley Medal">Copley Medallists</a> (1951–2000)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Keilin" title="David Keilin">David Keilin</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Kluyver" title="Albert Kluyver">Albert Kluyver</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/E._T._Whittaker" title="E. T. Whittaker">E. T. Whittaker</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Fisher" title="Ronald Fisher">Ronald Fisher</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Blackett" title="Patrick Blackett">Patrick Blackett</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">Howard Florey</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Edensor_Littlewood" title="John Edensor Littlewood">John Edensor Littlewood</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Macfarlane Burnet">Macfarlane Burnet</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Jeffreys" title="Harold Jeffreys">Harold Jeffreys</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Krebs_(biochemist)" title="Hans Krebs (biochemist)">Hans Krebs</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Cyril Norman Hinshelwood</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Fildes" title="Paul Fildes">Paul Fildes</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Chapman_(mathematician)" title="Sydney Chapman (mathematician)">Sydney Chapman</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Hodgkin" title="Alan Hodgkin">Alan Hodgkin</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Bragg" title="Lawrence Bragg">Lawrence Bragg</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Bernard Katz</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Reichstein" title="Tadeusz Reichstein">Tadeusz Reichstein</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Peter Medawar</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander R. Todd">Alexander R. Todd</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Pirie" title="Norman Pirie">Norman Pirie</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Nevill Francis Mott</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Andrew Huxley</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">W. V. D. Hodge</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Burns Woodward</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Derek Barton</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Peter D. Mitchell</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">John Cornforth</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Robert_Porter" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodney Robert Porter">Rodney Robert Porter</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Peierls" title="Rudolf Peierls">Rudolf Peierls</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Hill_(biochemist)" title="Robin Hill (biochemist)">Robin Hill</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Atiyah" title="Michael Atiyah">Michael Atiyah</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">César Milstein</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Abdus Salam</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Sydney Brenner</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">James D. Watson</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Charles_Frank" title="Frederick Charles Frank">Frederick Charles Frank</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Fenner" title="Frank Fenner">Frank Fenner</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Cottrell" title="Alan Cottrell">Alan Cottrell</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Huxley" title="Hugh Huxley">Hugh Huxley</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Lighthill" title="James Lighthill">James Lighthill</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith">John Maynard Smith</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_R._Battersby" title="Alan R. Battersby">Alan Battersby</a> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1356359#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1356359#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1356359#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110376341">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/9825649">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1966712/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvXmXRrdXk7t3pW8gbfMP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1074672925">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/1074672925">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/076657280">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=W._V._D._Hodge&oldid=1230989391">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=W._V._D._Hodge&oldid=1230989391</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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