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Carroll</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Thomas P. Carroll"> <meta name="keywords" content="Thomas P. Carroll"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Thomas P. 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Carroll"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 455</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Thomas P. Carroll</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">455</span> ANN Modeling for Cadmium Biosorption from Potable Water Using a Packed-Bed Column Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dariush%20Jafari">Dariush Jafari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Ali%20Jafari"> Seyed Ali Jafari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The recommended limit for cadmium concentration in potable water is less than 0.005 mg/L. A continuous biosorption process using indigenous red seaweed, Gracilaria corticata, was performed to remove cadmium from the potable water. The process was conducted under fixed conditions and the breakthrough curves were achieved for three consecutive sorption-desorption cycles. A modeling based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was employed to fit the experimental breakthrough data. In addition, a simplified semi empirical model, Thomas, was employed for this purpose. It was found that ANN well described the experimental data (R2>0.99) while the Thomas prediction were a bit less successful with R2>0.97. The adjusted design parameters using the nonlinear form of Thomas model was in a good agreement with the experimentally obtained ones. The results approve the capability of ANN to predict the cadmium concentration in potable water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANN" title="ANN">ANN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosorption" title=" biosorption"> biosorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cadmium" title=" cadmium"> cadmium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=packed-bed" title=" packed-bed"> packed-bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potable%20water" title=" potable water"> potable water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19068/ann-modeling-for-cadmium-biosorption-from-potable-water-using-a-packed-bed-column-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19068.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">430</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">454</span> The One, the Many, and the Doctrine of Divine Simplicity: Variations on Simplicity in Essentialist and Existentialist Metaphysics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Wiebe">Mark Wiebe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the tasks contemporary analytic philosophers have focused on (e.g., Wolterstorff, Alston, Plantinga, Hasker, and Crisp) is the analysis of certain medieval metaphysical frameworks. This growing body of scholarship has helped clarify and prevent distorted readings of medieval and ancient writers. However, as scholars like Dolezal, Duby, and Brower have pointed out, these analyses have been incomplete or inaccurate in some instances, e.g., with regard to analogical speech or the doctrine of divine simplicity (DDS). Additionally, contributors to this work frequently express opposing claims or fail to note substantial differences between ancient and medieval thinkers. This is the case regarding the comparison between Thomas Aquinas and others. Anton Pegis and Étienne Gilson have argued along this line that Thomas’ metaphysical framework represents a fundamental shift. Gilson describes Thomas’ metaphysics as a turn from a form of “essentialism” to “existentialism.” One should argue that this shift distinguishes Thomas from many Analytic philosophers as well as from other classical defenders of the DDS. Moreover, many of the objections Analytic Philosophers make against Thomas presume the same metaphysical principles undergirding the above-mentioned form of essentialism. This weakens their force against Thomas’ positions. In order to demonstrate these claims, it will be helpful to consider Thomas’ metaphysical outlook alongside that of two other prominent figures: Augustine and Ockham. One area of their thinking which brings their differences to the surface has to do with how each relates to Platonic and Neo-Platonic thought. More specifically, it is illuminating to consider whether and how each distinguishes or conceives essence and existence. It is also useful to see how each approaches the Platonic conflicts between essence and individuality, unity and intelligibility. In both of these areas, Thomas stands out from Augustine and Ockham. Although Augustine and Ockham diverge in many ways, both ultimately identify being with particularity and pit particularity against both unity and intelligibility. Contrastingly, Thomas argues that being is distinct from and prior to essence. Being (i.e., Being in itself) rather than essence or form must therefore serve as the ground and ultimate principle for the existence of everything in which being and essence are distinct. Additionally, since change, movement, and addition improve and give definition to finite being, multitude and distinction are, therefore, principles of being rather than non-being. Consequently, each creature imitates and participates in God’s perfect Being in its own way; the perfection of each genus exists pre-eminently in God without being at odds with God’s simplicity, God has knowledge, power, and will, and these and the many other terms assigned to God refer truly to the being of God without being either meaningless or synonymous. The existentialist outlook at work in these claims distinguishes Thomas in a noteworthy way from his contemporaries and predecessors as much as it does from many of the analytic philosophers who have objected to his thought. This suggests that at least these kinds of objections do not apply to Thomas’ thought. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theology" title="theology">theology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=philosophy%20of%20religion" title=" philosophy of religion"> philosophy of religion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphysics" title=" metaphysics"> metaphysics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=philosophy" title=" philosophy"> philosophy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166817/the-one-the-many-and-the-doctrine-of-divine-simplicity-variations-on-simplicity-in-essentialist-and-existentialist-metaphysics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">453</span> The Effect of Acid Treatment of PEDOT: PSS Anode for Organic Solar Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Borazan">Ismail Borazan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayse%20Celik%20Bedeloglu"> Ayse Celik Bedeloglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Demir"> Ali Demir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Carroll"> David Carroll</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this project, PEDOT:PSS layer was treated with formic acid, sulphuric acid, and hydrochloric acid, methanol, acetone, and dichlorobenzene:methanol. The resistivity measurements with 2-probes were carried out and the best-chosen method was employed to make an organic solar cell device. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20solar%20cells" title="organic solar cells">organic solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PEDOT%3APSS" title=" PEDOT:PSS"> PEDOT:PSS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20electrodes" title=" polymer electrodes"> polymer electrodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistivity" title=" resistivity "> resistivity </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27067/the-effect-of-acid-treatment-of-pedot-pss-anode-for-organic-solar-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27067.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">814</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">452</span> Controller Design Using GA for SMC Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susy%20Thomas">Susy Thomas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajju%20Thomas"> Sajju Thomas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Varghese%20Vaidyan"> Varghese Vaidyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper considers SMCs using linear feedback with switched gains and proposes a method which can minimize the pole perturbation. The method is able to enhance the robustness property of the controller. A pre-assigned neighborhood of the ‘nominal’ positions is assigned and the system poles are not allowed to stray out of these bounds even when parameters variations/uncertainties act upon the system. A quasi SMM is maintained within the assigned boundaries of the sliding surface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parameter%20variations" title="parameter variations">parameter variations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pole%20perturbation" title=" pole perturbation"> pole perturbation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20mode%20control" title=" sliding mode control"> sliding mode control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switching%20surface" title=" switching surface"> switching surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robust%20switching%20vector" title=" robust switching vector"> robust switching vector</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4104/controller-design-using-ga-for-smc-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4104.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">451</span> Physical Characterization of a Watershed for Correlation with Parameters of Thomas Hydrological Model and Its Application in Iber Hidrodinamic Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Caro">Carlos Caro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ernest%20Blade"> Ernest Blade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nestor%20Rojas"> Nestor Rojas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study determined the relationship between basic geo-technical parameters and parameters of the hydro logical model Thomas for water balance of rural watersheds, as a methodological calibration application, applicable in distributed models as IBER model, which represents a distributed system simulation models for unsteady flow numerical free surface. There was an exploration in 25 points (on 15 sub) basin of Rio Piedras (Boy.) obtaining soil samples, to which geo-technical characterization was performed by laboratory tests. Thomas model has a physical characterization of the input area by only four parameters (a, b, c, d). Achieve measurable relationship between geo technical parameters and 4 values of hydro logical parameters helps to determine subsurface, underground and surface flow more agile manner. It is intended in this way to reach some solutions regarding limits initial model parameters on the basis of Thomas geo-technical characterization. In hydro geological models of rural watersheds, calibration is an important process in the characterization of the study area. This step can require a significant computational cost and time, especially if the initial values or parameters before calibration are outside of the geo-technical reality. A better approach in these initial values means optimization of these process through a geo-technical materials area, where is obtained an important approach to the study as in the starting range of variation for the calibration parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20hydrology" title="distributed hydrology">distributed hydrology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrological%20and%20geotechnical%20characterization" title=" hydrological and geotechnical characterization"> hydrological and geotechnical characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iber%20model" title=" Iber model"> Iber model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12863/physical-characterization-of-a-watershed-for-correlation-with-parameters-of-thomas-hydrological-model-and-its-application-in-iber-hidrodinamic-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">522</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">450</span> Aquinas Be Damned: Tension between Nothingness and Suffering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elizabeth%20Latham">Elizabeth Latham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aquinas has long been revered by the Catholic Church as one of the greatest theologians of all time. His most well-known and widely respected theological work, the Summa Theologica has been referenced by countless members of the clergy in support of arguments for and about the existence of God. It is surprising, then, and important that one component in his ontological arguments seems to contradict a precept upheld by the Catechism, the Catholic Church’s comprehensive document detailing their theological positions and laws. In Summa Theologica, Thomas Aquinas argued that God’s eternal existence is both an observable and necessary quality. In the Catechism, the Catholic Church argues that souls in Hell are separated from God, and only souls in Heaven are like him. After introducing research on Philosophical Psychology and the natures of consciousness and pain, this paper comes to the conclusion that in order to reconcile the theology of the Catholic Church at large with that of Thomas Aquinas, one must somehow solve the following problem: if a soul must exist eternally to suffer eternally, it must be like God; and, if a soul is in Hell, it is completely separate from God and not like him at all. Thomas Aquinas deviates at this point from the current theological holdings of the Catholic Church, and this apparent discrepancy must be resolved if the Church hopes to use him going forward as a standard for natural theology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquinas" title="aquinas">aquinas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catholic%20catechism" title=" catholic catechism"> catholic catechism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consciousness" title=" consciousness"> consciousness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=philosophical%20psychology" title=" philosophical psychology"> philosophical psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=summa%20theologica" title=" summa theologica"> summa theologica</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111919/aquinas-be-damned-tension-between-nothingness-and-suffering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111919.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">449</span> Grief and Repenting: The Engaging Remembrance in Thomas Hardy’s ‘Poems of 1912-13’</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Chun%20Tang">Chih-Chun Tang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nostalgia, to some people, may seem foolhardy in a way. However, nostalgia is a completely and intensely private but social, collective emotion. It has continuing consequence and outgrowth for our lives as social actions. It leads people to hunt and explore remembrance of persons and places of our past in an effort to confer meaning of persons and places of present. In the ‘Poems of 1912-13’ Thomas Hardy, a British poet, composed a series of poems after the unexpected death of his long-disaffected wife, Emma. The series interprets the cognitive and emotional concussion of Emma’s death on Hardy, concerning his mind and real visit to the landscape in Cornwall, England. Both spaces perform the author’s innermost in thought to his late wife and to the landscape. They present an apparent counterpart of the poet and his afflicted conscience. After Emma had died, Hardy carried her recollections alive by roaming about in the real visit and whimsical land (space) they once had drifted and meandered. This paper highlights the nostalgias and feds that seem endlessly to crop up. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Hardy" title="Thomas Hardy">Thomas Hardy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remembrance" title=" remembrance"> remembrance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological" title=" psychological"> psychological</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poems%201912-13" title=" poems 1912-13"> poems 1912-13</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fred%20Davis" title=" Fred Davis"> Fred Davis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nostalgia" title=" nostalgia"> nostalgia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57051/grief-and-repenting-the-engaging-remembrance-in-thomas-hardys-poems-of-1912-13" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">448</span> Mindfulness in a Secular Age: Framing and Contextualising the Conversation in the Irish Context</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20P.%20Carroll">Thomas P. Carroll</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The phenomenon of mindfulness has become ever more popular in an increasingly pluralist Western society. Mindfulness practice has penetrated secular contexts that would otherwise be closed to religious influence, including state schools, hospitals, and commerce. The contemporary understanding of mindfulness has its origins in Buddhist meditation. However, since Jon Kabat-Zinn’s pioneering work in Mindfulness-Based Interventions, the concept has developed and sometimes mutated into various forms of practice which are disembedded from their original spiritual philosophy. This project will explore the spiritual climate within which mindfulness is currently flourishing through dialogue with three interlocutors. The first interlocutor is the Canadian philosopher Charles Taylor whose seminal work, ‘A Secular Age’, outlines three distinct modes of secularity. Taylor examines how the conditions of belief have changed and how the self seeks meaning in an age where belief in the divine is no longer axiomatic. The next interlocutor is Czech theologian and psychotherapist Tomáš Halík who offers a unique perspective of a Catholic who belongs to a section of society outnumbered by secular counterparts, with a theological hermeneutic best described as 'Den Fremden verstehen- understanding the stranger'. Finally, Irish theologian Michael Paul Gallagher offers a theological perspective on how the Christian faith can be translated into dialogue with Irish secular culture, as well as addressing the crisis of imagination and culture rather than the crisis of faith in Ireland. These interlocutors will illustrate that there are sometimes striking differences in how to interpret the religious signs of the times. However, these approaches also reveal significant similarities in how they address and explore the meaning of religious belief and experience today. In this way, themes will emerge that will help to frame the conversation about mindfulness in the West. These themes will include; the failure of the secularization thesis to pass, the growth of a diverse marketplace of religions and beliefs and the growth of a demographic who identify as spiritual but not religious. Such research is paramount in enabling a richer dialogue between Christian faith and mindfulness in a fragmented, postmodern Western context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title="culture">culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mindfulness" title=" mindfulness"> mindfulness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secularism" title=" secularism"> secularism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spirituality" title=" spirituality"> spirituality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116256/mindfulness-in-a-secular-age-framing-and-contextualising-the-conversation-in-the-irish-context" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">447</span> An Exploration of Early Cinematic Technology (1890s-1920s) and Shifting Cinematic Styles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20L.%20Miller">Adam L. Miller</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to look back to the very beginning of cinematic history and explore the connection between the differing technology used, and the varying styles adopted by early filmmakers. The paper will be structured chronologically, first looking at the advances that predated Thomas Edison and his Kinetograph and Kinetogram. This paper will then explore how Edison’s technology and films varied from the Lumiere brothers and their Cinematograph. Finally, the paper will go on to draw parallels and differences between French filmmakers such as Alice Guy and George Melies, and American filmmakers like Edwin S. Porter and D. W. Griffith. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=film%20studies" title="film studies">film studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20cinema" title=" early cinema"> early cinema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silent%20cinema" title=" silent cinema"> silent cinema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20cinematic%20technology" title=" early cinematic technology"> early cinematic technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Edison" title=" Thomas Edison"> Thomas Edison</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alice%20Guy" title=" Alice Guy"> Alice Guy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Melies" title=" George Melies"> George Melies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20S.%20Porter" title=" Edwin S. Porter"> Edwin S. Porter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lumiere%20brothers" title=" Lumiere brothers"> Lumiere brothers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20W.%20Griffith" title=" D. W. Griffith"> D. W. Griffith</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109221/an-exploration-of-early-cinematic-technology-1890s-1920s-and-shifting-cinematic-styles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">204</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">446</span> Surface and Drinking Water Quality Monitoring of Thomas Reservoir, Kano State, Nigeria </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20A.%20Adamu">G. A. Adamu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Sallau"> M. S. Sallau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20O.%20Idris"> S. O. Idris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20B.%20Agbaji"> E. B. Agbaji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drinking water is supplied to Danbatta, Makoda and some parts of Minjibir local government areas of Kano State from the surface water of Thomas Reservoir. The present land use in the catchment area of the reservoir indicates high agricultural activities, fishing, as well as domestic and small scale industrial activities. To study and monitor the quality of surface and drinking water of the area, water samples were collected from the reservoir, treated water at the treatment plant and potable water at the consumer end in three seasons November - February (cold season), March - June (dry season) and July - September (rainy season). The samples were analyzed for physical and chemical parameters, pH, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, turbidity, total hardness, suspended solids, total solids, colour, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chloride ion (Cl<sup>-</sup>) nitrite (NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>), nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phosphate (PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>). The higher values obtained in some parameters with respect to the acceptable standard set by World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Industrial Standards (NIS) indicate the pollution of both the surface and drinking water. These pollutants were observed to have a negative impact on water quality in terms of eutrophication, largely due to anthropogenic activities in the watershed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20water" title="surface water">surface water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drinking%20water" title=" drinking water"> drinking water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality" title=" water quality"> water quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20reservoir" title=" Thomas reservoir"> Thomas reservoir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kano" title=" Kano"> Kano</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53842/surface-and-drinking-water-quality-monitoring-of-thomas-reservoir-kano-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53842.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">445</span> Shock Compressibility of Iron Alloys Calculated in the Framework of Quantum-Statistical Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maxim%20A.%20Kadatskiy">Maxim A. Kadatskiy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konstantin%20V.%20Khishchenko"> Konstantin V. Khishchenko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Iron alloys are widespread components in various types of structural materials which are exposed to intensive thermal and mechanical loads. Various quantum-statistical cell models with the approximation of self-consistent field can be used for the prediction of the behavior of these materials under extreme conditions. The application of these models is even more valid, the higher the temperature and the density of matter. Results of Hugoniot calculation for iron alloys in the framework of three quantum-statistical (the Thomas–Fermi, the Thomas–Fermi with quantum and exchange corrections and the Hartree–Fock–Slater) models are presented. Results of quantum-statistical calculations are compared with results from other reliable models and available experimental data. It is revealed a good agreement between results of calculation and experimental data for terra pascal pressures. Advantages and disadvantages of this approach are shown. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alloy" title="alloy">alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hugoniot" title=" Hugoniot"> Hugoniot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron" title=" iron"> iron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terapascal%20pressure" title=" terapascal pressure"> terapascal pressure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58836/shock-compressibility-of-iron-alloys-calculated-in-the-framework-of-quantum-statistical-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58836.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">444</span> A Dynamic Column Adsorption Study of Methyl Blue on Synthesis onto Synthesized Chitosan Immobilized Sawdust Cellulose Nanocrystals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Opeyemi%20A.%20Oyewo">Opeyemi A. Oyewo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seshibe%20Makgato"> Seshibe Makgato</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the synthesis, characterization, and application of pelletized chitosan immobilized sawdust cellulose nanocrystals (PCCN) in a fixed-bed column for the continuous adsorption of methyl blue (MB) from water. The product was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, and SEM analysis. Microstructural examination revealed that the pellets are porous and spherical. XRD examination revealed phases that can be attributed to the presence of chitosan in PCCN. The effects of starting concentration, bed depth, and flow rate on synthetic water were explored. To identify MB breakthrough behaviour, performance indices such as bed volume, adsorbent exhaustion rate, and service time were investigated. Furthermore, the breakthrough data were incorporated into both the Thomas and Bohart-Adams models. The Thomas model was suitable for describing MB breakthrough curves. However, more research with diverse water matrices may be required to assess the resilience of PCCN. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic" title=" dynamic"> dynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methyl%20blue" title=" methyl blue"> methyl blue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pelletization" title=" pelletization"> pelletization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190100/a-dynamic-column-adsorption-study-of-methyl-blue-on-synthesis-onto-synthesized-chitosan-immobilized-sawdust-cellulose-nanocrystals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190100.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">31</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">443</span> Zero Valent Iron Algal Biocomposite for the Removal of Crystal Violet from Aqueous Solution: Box-Behnken Optimization and Fixed Bed Column Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jerold">M. Jerold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Sivasubramanian"> V. Sivasubramanian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, nano zero valent iron Sargassum swartzii (nZVI-SS) biocomposite a marine algal based biosorbent was used for the removal of simulated crystal violet (CV) in batch and continuous fixed bed operation. The Box-Behnen design (BBD) experimental results revealed the biosoprtion was maximum at pH 7.5, biosorbent dosage 0.1 g/L and initial CV concentration of 100 mg/L. The effect of various column parameters like bed depth (3, 6 and 9 cm), flow rate (5, 10 and 15 mL/min) and influent CV concentration (5, 10 and 15 mg/L) were investigated. The exhaustion time increased with increase of bed depth, influent CV concentration and decrease of flow rate. Adam-Bohart, Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models were used to predict the breakthrough curve and to evaluate the model parameters. Out of these models, Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models well described the experimental data. Therefore, the result implies that nZVI-SS biocomposite is a cheap and most promising biosorbent for the removal of CV from wastewater. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algae" title="algae">algae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosorption" title=" biosorption"> biosorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero-valent" title=" zero-valent"> zero-valent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dye" title=" dye"> dye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title=" wastewater"> wastewater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114454/zero-valent-iron-algal-biocomposite-for-the-removal-of-crystal-violet-from-aqueous-solution-box-behnken-optimization-and-fixed-bed-column-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114454.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">442</span> Of Rites of Narration and Representation of Orient and Occident in Thomas Heywood's Fair Maid of the West</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarik%20Bouguerba">Tarik Bouguerba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thomas Heywood was an outstanding, prolific playwright of the period, writing both in prose and verse. Unlike Shakespeare in particular, Heywood could be considered as a playwright who was well informed about Morocco and wrote in greater detail about a possible dialogue among cultures. As it is a historical platform for power relations, The Fair Maid of the West recalled the heroism and excitement of English counterattacks against Spain in the Post-Armada period. This paper therefore pins down the acts of narration and representation of Morocco and Moroccans and examines how the Occident has contributed to the production of the Orient and finally attests to the metamorphosis the plot undergoes in Part I and Part II. As an adventure play, The Fair Maid of the West teaches about, informs of and confirms the existing patterns of virtue in European voyagers and at the same time it asserts how honor and chastity are European par excellence whereas villainy and wickedness are Oriental assets. Once taken captive, these virtues and traits are put into task as the plot disentangles. This paper also examines how the play in both parts generates a whole history of stereotypes about Morocco and unexpectedly subverts this stereotype; such a biased mode of narration of the Orient the playwright took up at first was played down at a later phase in the narrative. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heywood" title="Heywood">Heywood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Occident" title=" Occident"> Occident</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orientalism" title=" Orientalism"> Orientalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stereotype" title=" Stereotype"> Stereotype</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Virtue" title=" Virtue"> Virtue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136508/of-rites-of-narration-and-representation-of-orient-and-occident-in-thomas-heywoods-fair-maid-of-the-west" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136508.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">441</span> Structural and Magnetic Properties of Calcium Mixed Ferrites Prepared by Co-Precipitation Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sijo%20S.%20Thomas">Sijo S. Thomas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Hridya"> S. Hridya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manoj%20Mohan"> Manoj Mohan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bibin%20Jacob"> Bibin Jacob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hysen%20Thomas"> Hysen Thomas </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ferrites are iron based oxides with technologically significant magnetic properties and have widespread applications in medicine, technology, and industry. There has been a growing interest in the study of magnetic, electrical and structural properties of mixed ferrites. In the present work, structural and magnetic properties of Nickel and Calcium substituted Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were investigated. NiₓCa₁₋ₓFe₂O₄ nanoparticles (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9) were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method and the samples were subsequently sintered at 900°C. The magnetic and structural properties of NiₓCa₁₋ₓFe₂O₄ were investigated using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer and X-Ray diffraction. The XRD results revealed that the synthesized particles have nanometer size and it varies from 46-72 nm as the calcium concentration diminishes. The variation is explained based on the increase in the reaction rate with Ni concentration which favors the formation of ultrafine particles of mixed ferrites. VSM results show pure CaFe₂O₄ exhibit paramagnetic behavior with low saturation value. As the concentration of Ca decreases, a transition occurs from paramagnetic state to ferromagnetic state. When the concentration of Ni becomes dominant, magnetic saturation, coercivity, and retentivity become high, indicating near ferromagnetic behavior of the compound. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-precipitation" title="co-precipitation">co-precipitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferrites" title=" ferrites"> ferrites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20behavior" title=" magnetic behavior"> magnetic behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure" title=" structure"> structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79188/structural-and-magnetic-properties-of-calcium-mixed-ferrites-prepared-by-co-precipitation-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79188.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">440</span> Continuous Fixed Bed Reactor Application for Decolourization of Textile Effluent by Adsorption on NaOH Treated Eggshell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Chafi">M. Chafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Akazdam"> S. Akazdam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Asrir"> C. Asrir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Sebbahi"> L. Sebbahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Gourich"> B. Gourich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Barka"> N. Barka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Essahli"> M. Essahli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fixed bed adsorption has become a frequently used industrial application in wastewater treatment processes. Various low cost adsorbents have been studied for their applicability in treatment of different types of effluents. In this work, the intention of the study was to explore the efficacy and feasibility for azo dye, Acid Orange 7 (AO7) adsorption onto fixed bed column of NaOH Treated eggshell (TES). The effect of various parameters like flow rate, initial dye concentration, and bed height were exploited in this study. The studies confirmed that the breakthrough curves were dependent on flow rate, initial dye concentration solution of AO7 and bed depth. The Thomas, Yoon–Nelson, and Adams and Bohart models were analysed to evaluate the column adsorption performance. The adsorption capacity, rate constant and correlation coefficient associated to each model for column adsorption was calculated and mentioned. The column experimental data were fitted well with Thomas model with coefficients of correlation R2 ≥0.93 at different conditions but the Yoon–Nelson, BDST and Bohart–Adams model (R2=0.911), predicted poor performance of fixed-bed column. The (TES) was shown to be suitable adsorbent for adsorption of AO7 using fixed-bed adsorption column. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption%20models" title="adsorption models">adsorption models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid%20orange%207" title=" acid orange 7"> acid orange 7</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bed%20depth" title=" bed depth"> bed depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breakthrough" title=" breakthrough"> breakthrough</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dye%20adsorption" title=" dye adsorption"> dye adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed-bed%20column" title=" fixed-bed column"> fixed-bed column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treated%20eggshell" title=" treated eggshell"> treated eggshell</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43408/continuous-fixed-bed-reactor-application-for-decolourization-of-textile-effluent-by-adsorption-on-naoh-treated-eggshell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">439</span> Understanding the Historical Consciousness of Children and Young People</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kay%20Carroll">Kay Carroll</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Creating historical consciousness in children and young people is critical to global inclusion and engagement. In a context of international and technological flux, children are confronted with shifting national identities. Within this quantitative study of Australian children and young people, the concept and development of historical consciousness are explored. The analysis reports on how children and young people are connected through national, collective, and personal narratives to understand historically significant events and changes, anchor themselves to universal and intergenerational traditions and norms, be open to divergent perspectives and resilient to perpetual socio-cultural shifts. This paper presents the development and factors that shape national historical consciousness in children and young people using established international frameworks and stages of historical consciousness. This research reports on quantitative surveys conducted with over 680 school children from ages 12 years to 19 years within Australian schools. Concepts of global citizenship, inclusion, and engagement with national historical memory and significance are explored. Findings identify the social benefits of collective and personal historical consciousness and consider the current barriers and enablers in developing a young person’s historical consciousness for the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curriculum" title="curriculum">curriculum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20citizenship" title=" global citizenship"> global citizenship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20consciousness" title=" historical consciousness"> historical consciousness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=significance" title=" significance"> significance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155791/understanding-the-historical-consciousness-of-children-and-young-people" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155791.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">438</span> The Impact of Distributed Epistemologies on Software Engineering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Smith">Thomas Smith</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many hackers worldwide would agree that, had it not been for linear-time theory, the refinement of Byzantine fault tolerance might never have occurred. After years of significant research into extreme programming, we validate the refinement of simulated annealing. Maw, our new framework for unstable theory, is the solution to all of these issues. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed" title="distributed">distributed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20engineering" title=" software engineering"> software engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNS" title=" DNS"> DNS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DHCP" title=" DHCP"> DHCP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28477/the-impact-of-distributed-epistemologies-on-software-engineering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28477.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">437</span> Fast Reductive Defluorination of Branched Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acids by Cobalt Phthalocyanine: Electrochemical Studies and Mechanistic Insights</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Mirabediny">Maryam Mirabediny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsz%20Tin%20Yu"> Tsz Tin Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Sun"> Jun Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20Lee"> Matthew Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denis%20M.%20O%E2%80%99Carroll"> Denis M. O’Carroll</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20J.%20Manefield"> Michael J. Manefield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bjo%CC%88rn%20Akermark"> Björn Akermark</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biswanath%20Das"> Biswanath Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naresh%20Kumar"> Naresh Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Branched perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is recognized as a threatening environmental pollutant due to its high persistence and bioaccumulation in various environmental matrices as well as for its toxic effects on humans and wildlife, even at very low concentrations. This study reports the first investigation of branched PFOS defluorination catalyzed by metal phthalocyanines. The reaction conditions were optimized using the different reductants and temperatures. Cobalt phthalocyanine, when combined with Ti citrate as a reducing agent, was able to defluorinate 10.9% of technical PFOS within 8 hours. In contrast, vitamin B12 only showed 2.4% defluorination during the same period under similar conditions. The defluorination mediated by cobalt phthalocyanine and Ti citrate system corresponds to 54.5% of all branched PFOS isomers (br-PFOS isomers). Isomer-specific degradation was also investigated via high-resolution LC-orbitrap, followed by their relative rates. The difference in catalytic efficacy of various phthalocyanine complexes is rationalized by their structures and electrochemical response. Lastly, a new defluorination mechanism is proposed based on the newly detected degradation products after the phthalocyanines treatment and the previous studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=branched%20isomers" title="branched isomers">branched isomers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title=" catalyst"> catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reductive%20defluorination" title=" reductive defluorination"> reductive defluorination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20remediation" title=" water remediation"> water remediation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178692/fast-reductive-defluorination-of-branched-perfluorooctane-sulfonic-acids-by-cobalt-phthalocyanine-electrochemical-studies-and-mechanistic-insights" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178692.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">436</span> Microbial Reduction of Terpenes from Pine Wood Material</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernhard%20Widhalm">Bernhard Widhalm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cornelia%20Rieder-Gradinger"> Cornelia Rieder-Gradinger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Ters"> Thomas Ters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ewald%20Srebotnik"> Ewald Srebotnik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Kuncinger"> Thomas Kuncinger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Terpenes are natural components in softwoods and rank among the most frequently emitted volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the wood-processing industry. In this study, the main focus was on α- and β-pinene as well as Δ3-carene, which are the major terpenes in softwoods. To lower the total emission level of wood composites, defined terpene degrading microorganisms were applied to basic raw materials (e.g. pine wood particles and strands) in an optimised and industry-compatible testing procedure. In preliminary laboratory tests, bacterial species suitable for the utilisation of α-pinene as single carbon source in liquid culture were selected and then subjected to wood material inoculation. The two species Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens were inoculated onto wood particles and strands and incubated at room temperature. Applying specific pre-cultivation and daily ventilation of the samples enabled a reduction of incubation time from six days to one day. SPME measurements and subsequent GC-MS analysis indicated a complete absence of α- and β-pinene emissions after 24 hours from pine wood particles. When using pine wood strands rather than particles, bacterial treatment resulted in a reduction of α- and β-pinene by 50%, while Δ3-carene emissions were reduced by 30% in comparison to untreated strands. Other terpenes were also reduced in the course of the microbial treatment. The method developed here appears to be feasible for industrial application. However, growth parameters such as time and temperature as well as the technical implementation of the inoculation step will have to be adapted for the production process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GC-MS" title="GC-MS">GC-MS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pseudomonas" title=" pseudomonas"> pseudomonas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPME" title=" SPME"> SPME</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terpenes" title=" terpenes"> terpenes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48124/microbial-reduction-of-terpenes-from-pine-wood-material" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">435</span> Performance of the Aptima® HIV-1 Quant Dx Assay on the Panther System </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siobhan%20O%E2%80%99Shea">Siobhan O’Shea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sangeetha%20Vijaysri%20Nair"> Sangeetha Vijaysri Nair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hee%20Cheol%20Kim"> Hee Cheol Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charles%20Thomas%20Nugent"> Charles Thomas Nugent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheuk%20Yan%20William%20Tong"> Cheuk Yan William Tong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sam%20Douthwaite"> Sam Douthwaite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Worlock"> Andrew Worlock</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Aptima® HIV-1 Quant Dx Assay is a fully automated assay on the Panther system. It is based on Transcription-Mediated Amplification and real time detection technologies. This assay is intended for monitoring HIV-1 viral load in plasma specimens and for the detection of HIV-1 in plasma and serum specimens. Nine-hundred and seventy nine specimens selected at random from routine testing at St Thomas’ Hospital, London were anonymised and used to compare the performance of the Aptima HIV-1 Quant Dx assay and Roche COBAS® AmpliPrep/COBAS® TaqMan® HIV-1 Test, v2.0. Two-hundred and thirty four specimens gave quantitative HIV-1 viral load results in both assays. The quantitative results reported by the Aptima Assay were comparable those reported by the Roche COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HIV-1 Test, v2.0 with a linear regression slope of 1.04 and an intercept on -0.097. The Aptima assay detected HIV-1 in more samples than the Roche assay. This was not due to lack of specificity of the Aptima assay because this assay gave 99.83% specificity on testing plasma specimens from 600 HIV-1 negative individuals. To understand the reason for this higher detection rate a side-by-side comparison of low level panels made from the HIV-1 3rd international standard (NIBSC10/152) and clinical samples of various subtypes were tested in both assays. The Aptima assay was more sensitive than the Roche assay. The good sensitivity, specificity and agreement with other commercial assays make the HIV-1 Quant Dx Assay appropriate for both viral load monitoring and detection of HIV-1 infections. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV%20viral%20load" title="HIV viral load">HIV viral load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aptima" title=" Aptima"> Aptima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roche" title=" Roche"> Roche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Panther%20system" title=" Panther system"> Panther system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21163/performance-of-the-aptima-hiv-1-quant-dx-assay-on-the-panther-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">434</span> Comparison of Adsorbents for Ammonia Removal from Mining Wastewater</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Al-Sheikh">F. Al-Sheikh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Moralejo"> C. Moralejo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Pritzker"> M. Pritzker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20A.%20Anderson"> W. A. Anderson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Elkamel"> A. Elkamel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ammonia in mining wastewater is a significant problem, and treatment can be especially difficult in cold climates where biological treatment is not feasible. An adsorption process is one of the alternative processes that can be used to reduce ammonia concentrations to acceptable limits, and therefore a LEWATIT resin strongly acidic H+ form ion exchange resin and a Bowie Chabazite Na form AZLB-Na zeolite were tested to assess their effectiveness. For these adsorption tests, two packed bed columns (a mini-column constructed from a 32-cm long x 1-cm diameter piece of glass tubing, and a 60-cm long x 2.5-cm diameter Ace Glass chromatography column) were used containing varying quantities of the adsorbents. A mining wastewater with ammonia concentrations of 22.7 mg/L was fed through the columns at controlled flowrates. In the experimental work, maximum capacities of the LEWATIT ion exchange resin were 0.438, 0.448, and 1.472 mg/g for 3, 6, and 9 g respectively in a mini column and 1.739 mg/g for 141.5 g in a larger Ace column while the capacities for the AZLB-Na zeolite were 0.424, and 0.784 mg/g for 3, and 6 g respectively in the mini column and 1.1636 mg/g for 38.5 g in the Ace column. In the theoretical work, Thomas, Adams-Bohart, and Yoon-Nelson models were constructed to describe a breakthrough curve of the adsorption process and find the constants of the above-mentioned models. In the regeneration tests, 5% hydrochloric acid, HCl (v/v) and 10% sodium hydroxide, NaOH (w/v) were used to regenerate the LEWATIT resin and AZLB-Na zeolite with 44 and 63.8% recovery, respectively. In conclusion, continuous flow adsorption using a LEWATIT ion exchange resin and an AZLB-Na zeolite is efficient when using a co-flow technique for removal of the ammonia from wastewater. Thomas, Adams-Bohart, and Yoon-Nelson models satisfactorily fit the data with R<sup>2</sup> closer to 1 in all cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AZLB-Na%20zeolite" title="AZLB-Na zeolite">AZLB-Na zeolite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous%20adsorption" title=" continuous adsorption"> continuous adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lewatit%20resin" title=" Lewatit resin"> Lewatit resin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=models" title=" models"> models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regeneration" title=" regeneration"> regeneration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78618/comparison-of-adsorbents-for-ammonia-removal-from-mining-wastewater" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78618.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">433</span> Excited State Structural Dynamics of Retinal Isomerization Revealed by a Femtosecond X-Ray Laser </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Przemyslaw%20Nogly">Przemyslaw Nogly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Weinert"> Tobias Weinert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20James"> Daniel James</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergio%20Carbajo"> Sergio Carbajo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dmitry%20Ozerov"> Dmitry Ozerov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonia%20Furrer"> Antonia Furrer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dardan%20Gashi"> Dardan Gashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veniamin%20Borin"> Veniamin Borin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petr%20Skopintsev"> Petr Skopintsev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathrin%20Jaeger"> Kathrin Jaeger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karol%20Nass"> Karol Nass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petra%20Bath"> Petra Bath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Bosman"> Robert Bosman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jason%20Koglin"> Jason Koglin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20Seaberg"> Matthew Seaberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Lane"> Thomas Lane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Demet%20Kekilli"> Demet Kekilli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steffen%20Br%C3%BCnle"> Steffen Brünle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomoyuki%20Tanaka"> Tomoyuki Tanaka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenting%20Wu"> Wenting Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Milne"> Christopher Milne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20A.%20White"> Thomas A. White</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anton%20Barty"> Anton Barty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uwe%20Weierstall"> Uwe Weierstall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valerie%20Panneels"> Valerie Panneels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eriko%20Nango"> Eriko Nango</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=So%20Iwata"> So Iwata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Hunter"> Mark Hunter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igor%20Schapiro"> Igor Schapiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gebhard%20Schertler"> Gebhard Schertler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Neutze"> Richard Neutze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J%C3%B6rg%20Standfuss"> Jörg Standfuss</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ultrafast isomerization of retinal is the primary step in a range of photoresponsive biological functions including vision in humans and ion-transport across bacterial membranes. We studied the sub-picosecond structural dynamics of retinal isomerization in the light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin using an X-ray laser. Twenty snapshots with near-atomic spatial and temporal resolution in the femtosecond regime show how the excited all-trans retinal samples conformational states within the protein binding pocket prior to passing through a highly-twisted geometry and emerging in the 13-cis conformation. The aspartic acid residues and functional water molecules in proximity of the retinal Schiff base respond collectively to formation and decay of the initial excited state and retinal isomerization. These observations reveal how the protein scaffold guides this remarkably efficient photochemical reaction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteriorhodopsin" title="bacteriorhodopsin">bacteriorhodopsin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free-electron%20laser" title=" free-electron laser"> free-electron laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retinal%20isomerization%20mechanism" title=" retinal isomerization mechanism"> retinal isomerization mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-resolved%20crystallography" title=" time-resolved crystallography"> time-resolved crystallography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90555/excited-state-structural-dynamics-of-retinal-isomerization-revealed-by-a-femtosecond-x-ray-laser" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90555.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">432</span> Compressive Stresses near Crack Tip Induced by Thermo-Electric Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Jin-Chee%20Liu">Thomas Jin-Chee Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the thermo-electro-structural coupled-field in a cracked metal plate is studied using the finite element analysis. From the computational results, the compressive stresses reveal near the crack tip. This conclusion agrees with the past reference. Furthermore, the compressive condition can retard and stop the crack growth during the Joule heating process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20stress" title="compressive stress">compressive stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crack%20tip" title=" crack tip"> crack tip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joule%20heating" title=" Joule heating"> Joule heating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element" title=" finite element"> finite element</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10730/compressive-stresses-near-crack-tip-induced-by-thermo-electric-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">431</span> Sustainable Production of Pharmaceutical Compounds Using Plant Cell Culture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20A.%20Ullisch">David A. Ullisch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yantree%20D.%20Sankar-Thomas"> Yantree D. Sankar-Thomas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefan%20Wilke"> Stefan Wilke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Selge"> Thomas Selge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthias%20Pump"> Matthias Pump</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Leibold"> Thomas Leibold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kai%20Sch%C3%BCtte"> Kai Schütte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gilbert%20Gorr"> Gilbert Gorr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plants have been considered as a source of natural substances for ages. Secondary metabolites from plants are utilized especially in medical applications but are more and more interesting as cosmetical ingredients and in the field of nutraceuticals. However, supply of compounds from natural harvest can be limited by numerous factors i.e. endangered species, low product content, climate impacts and cost intensive extraction. Especially in the pharmaceutical industry the ability to provide sufficient amounts of product and high quality are additional requirements which in some cases are difficult to fulfill by plant harvest. Whereas in many cases the complexity of secondary metabolites precludes chemical synthesis on a reasonable commercial basis, plant cells contain the biosynthetic pathway – a natural chemical factory – for a given compound. A promising approach for the sustainable production of natural products can be plant cell fermentation (PCF®). A thoroughly accomplished development process comprises the identification of a high producing cell line, optimization of growth and production conditions, the development of a robust and reliable production process and its scale-up. In order to address persistent, long lasting production, development of cryopreservation protocols and generation of working cell banks is another important requirement to be considered. So far the most prominent example using a PCF® process is the production of the anticancer compound paclitaxel. To demonstrate the power of plant suspension cultures here we present three case studies: 1) For more than 17 years Phyton produces paclitaxel at industrial scale i.e. up to 75,000 L in scale. With 60 g/kg dw this fully controlled process which is applied according to GMP results in outstanding high yields. 2) Thapsigargin is another anticancer compound which is currently isolated from seeds of Thapsia garganica. Thapsigargin is a powerful cytotoxin – a SERCA inhibitor – and the precursor for the derivative ADT, the key ingredient of the investigational prodrug Mipsagargin (G-202) which is in several clinical trials. Phyton successfully generated plant cell lines capable to express this compound. Here we present data about the screening for high producing cell lines. 3) The third case study covers ingenol-3-mebutate. This compound is found in the milky sap of the intact plants of the Euphorbiacae family at very low concentrations. Ingenol-3-mebutate is used in Picato® which is approved against actinic keratosis. Generation of cell lines expressing significant amounts of ingenol-3-mebutate is another example underlining the strength of plant cell culture. The authors gratefully acknowledge Inspyr Therapeutics for funding. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ingenol-3-mebutate" title="Ingenol-3-mebutate">Ingenol-3-mebutate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20cell%20culture" title=" plant cell culture"> plant cell culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thapsigargin" title=" thapsigargin"> thapsigargin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70327/sustainable-production-of-pharmaceutical-compounds-using-plant-cell-culture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70327.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">430</span> Amino Acid Responses of Wheat Cultivars under Glasshouse Drought Accurately Predict Yield-Based Drought Tolerance in the Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arun%20K.%20Yadav">Arun K. Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20J.%20Carroll"> Adam J. Carroll</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gonzalo%20M.%20Estavillo"> Gonzalo M. Estavillo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Greg%20J.%20Rebetzke"> Greg J. Rebetzke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barry%20J.%20Pogson"> Barry J. Pogson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water limits crop productivity, so selecting for minimal yield-gap in drier environments is critical to mitigate against climate change and land-use pressures. To date, no markers measured in glasshouses have been reported to predict field-based drought tolerance. In the field, the best measure of drought tolerance is yield-gap; but this requires multisite trials that are an order of magnitude more resource intensive and can be impacted by weather variation. We investigated the responses of relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (gs), chlorophyll content and metabolites in flag leaves of commercial wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars to three drought treatments in the glasshouse and field environments. We observed strong genetic associations between glasshouse-based RWC, metabolites and Yield gap-based Drought Tolerance (YDT): the ratio of yield in water-limited versus well-watered conditions across 24 field environments spanning sites and seasons. Critically, RWC response to glasshouse drought was strongly associated with both YDT (r2 = 0.85, p < 8E-6) and RWC under field drought (r2 = 0.77, p < 0.05). Multiple regression analyses revealed that 98% of genetic YDT variance was explained by drought responses of four metabolites: serine, asparagine, methionine and lysine (R2 = 0.98; p < 0.01). Fitted coefficients suggested that, for given levels of serine and asparagine, stronger methionine and lysine accumulation was associated with higher YDT. Collectively, our results demonstrate that high-throughput, targeted metabolic phenotyping of glasshouse-grown plants may be an effective tool for the selection of wheat cultivars with high YDT in the field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drought%20stress" title="drought stress">drought stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grain%20yield" title=" grain yield"> grain yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolomics" title=" metabolomics"> metabolomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stomatal%20conductance" title=" stomatal conductance"> stomatal conductance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheat" title=" wheat"> wheat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84496/amino-acid-responses-of-wheat-cultivars-under-glasshouse-drought-accurately-predict-yield-based-drought-tolerance-in-the-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84496.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">429</span> Approaches to Reduce the Complexity of Mathematical Models for the Operational Optimization of Large-Scale Virtual Power Plants in Public Energy Supply</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Weber">Thomas Weber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nina%20Strobel"> Nina Strobel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Kohne"> Thomas Kohne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eberhard%20Abele"> Eberhard Abele</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In context of the energy transition in Germany, the importance of so-called virtual power plants in the energy supply continues to increase. The progressive dismantling of the large power plants and the ongoing construction of many new decentralized plants result in great potential for optimization through synergies between the individual plants. These potentials can be exploited by mathematical optimization algorithms to calculate the optimal application planning of decentralized power and heat generators and storage systems. This also includes linear or linear mixed integer optimization. In this paper, procedures for reducing the number of decision variables to be calculated are explained and validated. On the one hand, this includes combining n similar installation types into one aggregated unit. This aggregated unit is described by the same constraints and target function terms as a single plant. This reduces the number of decision variables per time step and the complexity of the problem to be solved by a factor of n. The exact operating mode of the individual plants can then be calculated in a second optimization in such a way that the output of the individual plants corresponds to the calculated output of the aggregated unit. Another way to reduce the number of decision variables in an optimization problem is to reduce the number of time steps to be calculated. This is useful if a high temporal resolution is not necessary for all time steps. For example, the volatility or the forecast quality of environmental parameters may justify a high or low temporal resolution of the optimization. Both approaches are examined for the resulting calculation time as well as for optimality. Several optimization models for virtual power plants (combined heat and power plants, heat storage, power storage, gas turbine) with different numbers of plants are used as a reference for the investigation of both processes with regard to calculation duration and optimality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CHP" title="CHP">CHP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Energy%204.0" title=" Energy 4.0"> Energy 4.0</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20storage" title=" energy storage"> energy storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MILP" title=" MILP"> MILP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20power%20plant" title=" virtual power plant"> virtual power plant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95734/approaches-to-reduce-the-complexity-of-mathematical-models-for-the-operational-optimization-of-large-scale-virtual-power-plants-in-public-energy-supply" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95734.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">428</span> Using Large Databases and Interviews to Explore the Temporal Phases of Technology-Based Entrepreneurial Ecosystems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elsie%20L.%20Echeverri-Carroll">Elsie L. Echeverri-Carroll</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Entrepreneurial ecosystems have become an important concept to explain the birth and sustainability of technology-based entrepreneurship within regions. However, as a theoretical concept, the temporal evolution of entrepreneurship systems remain underdeveloped, making it difficult to understand their dynamic contributions to entrepreneurs. This paper argues that successful technology-based ecosystems go over three cumulative spawning stages: corporate spawning, entrepreneurial spawning, and community spawning. The importance of corporate incubation in vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystems is well documented in the entrepreneurial literature. Similarly, entrepreneurial spawning processes for venture capital-backed startups are well documented in the financial literature. In contrast, there is little understanding of both the third stage of entrepreneurial spawning (when a community of entrepreneurs become a source of firm spawning) and the temporal sequence in which spawning effects occur in a region. We test this three-stage model of entrepreneurial spawning using data from two large databases on firm births—the Secretary of State (160,000 observations) and the National Establishment Time Series (NEST with 150,000 observations)—and information collected from 60 1½-hour interviews with startup founders and representatives of key entrepreneurial organizations. This temporal model is illustrated with case study of Austin, Texas ranked by the Kauffman Foundation as the number one entrepreneurial city in the United States in 2015 and 2016. The 1½-year study founded by the Kauffman Foundation demonstrates the importance of taken into consideration the temporal contributions of both large and entrepreneurial firms in understanding the factors that contribute to the birth and growth of technology-based entrepreneurial regions. More important, these learnings could offer an important road map for regions that pursue to advance their entrepreneurial ecosystems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurial%20ecosystems" title="entrepreneurial ecosystems">entrepreneurial ecosystems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurial%20industrial%20clusters" title=" entrepreneurial industrial clusters"> entrepreneurial industrial clusters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-technology" title=" high-technology"> high-technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20changes" title=" temporal changes"> temporal changes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62469/using-large-databases-and-interviews-to-explore-the-temporal-phases-of-technology-based-entrepreneurial-ecosystems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">427</span> Portfolio Risk Management Using Quantum Annealing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Doutre">Thomas Doutre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20De%20Meric%20De%20Bellefon"> Emmanuel De Meric De Bellefon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes the application of local-search metaheuristic quantum annealing to portfolio opti- mization. Heuristic technics are particularly handy when Markowitz’ classical Mean-Variance problem is enriched with additional realistic constraints. Once tailored to the problem, computational experiments on real collected data have shown the superiority of quantum annealing over simulated annealing for this constrained optimization problem, taking advantages of quantum effects such as tunnelling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title="optimization">optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=portfolio%20risk%20management" title=" portfolio risk management"> portfolio risk management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20annealing" title=" quantum annealing"> quantum annealing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaheuristic" title=" metaheuristic"> metaheuristic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40564/portfolio-risk-management-using-quantum-annealing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40564.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">426</span> The Needs Programme and Poverty Reduction for National Development of Nigeria at 53</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Owulo%20Thomas">Owulo Thomas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite Nigeria’s ranking as the 6th among oil producing countries, the country faces great challenges. One of such challenges is how to reduce poverty or eradicating it in the land that promises milk and honey to enhance national development. The government of Nigeria initiated various programmes including the NEEDS programme in which it committed her to meeting these challenges. This paper is an attempt to discuss the concept of National Development, the Nigerian poverty profile and its implication for national development, the NEEDS programmes and the extent to which it has addressed the poverty problem in Nigeria at 53. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=challenges" title="challenges">challenges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poverty" title=" poverty"> poverty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20development" title=" national development"> national development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NEEDS%20programme" title=" NEEDS programme "> NEEDS programme </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32704/the-needs-programme-and-poverty-reduction-for-national-development-of-nigeria-at-53" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32704.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20P.%20Carroll&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20P.%20Carroll&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20P.%20Carroll&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20P.%20Carroll&page=5">5</a></li> <li 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