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biological materials</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: load-bearing biological materials"> <meta name="keywords" content="load-bearing biological materials"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="load-bearing biological materials"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 8919</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: load-bearing biological materials</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8919</span> Dynamic Behavior of the Nanostructure of Load-Bearing Biological Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahan%20Qwamizadeh">Mahan Qwamizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kun%20Zhou"> Kun Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zuoqi%20Zhang"> Zuoqi Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong%20Wei%20Zhang"> Yong Wei Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Typical load-bearing biological materials like bone, mineralized tendon and shell, are biocomposites made from both organic (collagen) and inorganic (biomineral) materials. This amazing class of materials with intrinsic internally designed hierarchical structures show superior mechanical properties with regard to their weak components from which they are formed. Extensive investigations concentrating on static loading conditions have been done to study the biological materials failure. However, most of the damage and failure mechanisms in load-bearing biological materials will occur whenever their structures are exposed to dynamic loading conditions. The main question needed to be answered here is: What is the relation between the layout and architecture of the load-bearing biological materials and their dynamic behavior? In this work, a staggered model has been developed based on the structure of natural materials at nanoscale and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has been used to study the dynamic behavior of the structure of load-bearing biological materials to answer why the staggered arrangement has been selected by nature to make the nanocomposite structure of most of the biological materials. The results showed that the staggered structures will efficiently attenuate the stress wave rather than the layered structure. Furthermore, such staggered architecture is effectively in charge of utilizing the capacity of the biostructure to resist both normal and shear loads. In this work, the geometrical parameters of the model like the thickness and aspect ratio of the mineral inclusions selected from the typical range of the experimentally observed feature sizes and layout dimensions of the biological materials such as bone and mineralized tendon. Furthermore, the numerical results validated with existing theoretical solutions. Findings of the present work emphasize on the significant effects of dynamic behavior on the natural evolution of load-bearing biological materials and can help scientists to design bioinspired materials in the laboratories. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load-bearing%20biological%20materials" title="load-bearing biological materials">load-bearing biological materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanostructure" title=" nanostructure"> nanostructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=staggered%20structure" title=" staggered structure"> staggered structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20wave%20decay" title=" stress wave decay"> stress wave decay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31314/dynamic-behavior-of-the-nanostructure-of-load-bearing-biological-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31314.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8918</span> Degradation Mechanism of Automotive Refinish Coatings Exposed to Biological Substances: The Role of Cross-Linking Density</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mahdavi">M. Mahdavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mohseni"> M. Mohseni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Rafiei"> R. Rafiei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Yari"> H. Yari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Environmental factors can deteriorate the automotive coatings significantly. Such as UV radiations, humidity, hot-cold shock and destructive chemical compounds. Furthermore, some natural materials such as bird droppings and tree gums have the potential to degrade the coatings as well. The present work aims to study the mechanism of degradation for two automotive refinish coating (PU based) systems exposed to two types of biological materials, i.e. Arabic gum and the simulated bird dropping, pancreatin. To reach this goal, effects of these biological materials on surface properties and appearance were studied using different techniques including digital camera, FT-IR spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and gloss measurements. In addition, the thermo-mechanical behavior of coatings was examined by DMTA. It was found that cross-linking had a crucial role on the biological resistance of clear coat. The higher cross-linking enhanced biological resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refinish%20clear%20coat" title="refinish clear coat">refinish clear coat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pancreatin" title=" pancreatin"> pancreatin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20gum" title=" Arabic gum"> Arabic gum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-linking" title=" cross-linking"> cross-linking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20degradation" title=" biological degradation"> biological degradation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18510/degradation-mechanism-of-automotive-refinish-coatings-exposed-to-biological-substances-the-role-of-cross-linking-density" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18510.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8917</span> Bio-Functional Polymeric Protein Based Materials Utilized for Soft Tissue Engineering Application </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Er-Yuan%20Chuang">Er-Yuan Chuang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bio-mimetic matters have biological functionalities. This might be valuable in the development of versatile biomaterials. At biological fields, protein-based materials might be components to form a 3D network of extracellular biomolecules, containing growth factors. Also, the protein-based biomaterial provides biochemical and structural assistance of adjacent cells. In this study, we try to prepare protein based biomaterial, which was harvested from living animal. We analyzed it’s chemical, physical and biological property in vitro. Besides, in vivo bio-interaction of the prepared biomimetic matrix was tested in an animal model. The protein-based biomaterial has degradability and biocompatibility. This development could be used for tissue regenerations and be served as platform technologies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20based" title="protein based">protein based</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vitro%20study" title=" in vitro study"> in vitro study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vivo%20study" title=" in vivo study"> in vivo study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomaterials" title=" biomaterials"> biomaterials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105449/bio-functional-polymeric-protein-based-materials-utilized-for-soft-tissue-engineering-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105449.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8916</span> Sorption Properties of Biological Waste for Lead Ions from Aqueous Solutions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucia%20Rozumov%C3%A1">Lucia Rozumová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivo%20%C5%A0afa%C5%99%C3%ADk"> Ivo Šafařík</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jana%20Seidlerov%C3%A1"> Jana Seidlerová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavel%20K%C5%AFs"> Pavel Kůs</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biosorption by biological waste materials from agriculture industry could be a cost-effective technique for removing metal ions from wastewater. The performance of new biosorbent systems, consisting of the waste matrixes which were magnetically modified by iron oxide nanoparticles, for the removal of lead ions from an aqueous solution was tested. The use of low-cost and eco-friendly adsorbents has been investigated as an ideal alternative to the current expensive methods. This article deals with the removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions by modified waste products - orange peels, sawdust, peanuts husks, used tea leaves and ground coffee sediment. Magnetically modified waste materials were suspended in methanol and then was added ferrofluid (magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles). This modification process gives the predictions for the formation of the smart materials with new properties. Prepared material was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area and pore size analyzer. Studies were focused on the sorption and desorption properties. The changes of iron content in magnetically modified materials after treatment were observed as well. Adsorption process has been modelled by adsorption isotherms. The results show that magnetically modified materials during the dynamic sorption and desorption are stable at the high adsorbed amount of lead ions. The results of this study indicate that the biological waste materials as sorbent with new properties are highly effective for the treatment of wastewater. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20waste" title="biological waste">biological waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sorption" title=" sorption"> sorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20ions" title=" metal ions"> metal ions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferrofluid" title=" ferrofluid"> ferrofluid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84031/sorption-properties-of-biological-waste-for-lead-ions-from-aqueous-solutions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84031.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8915</span> Comparative Study on Fire Safety Evaluation Methods for External Cladding Systems: ISO 13785-2 and BS 8414</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyungsuk%20Cho">Kyungsuk Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Y.%20Kim"> H. Y. Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20U.%20Chae"> S. U. Chae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20H.%20Choi"> J. H. Choi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Technological development has led to the construction of super-tall buildings and insulators are increasingly used as exterior finishing materials to save energy. However, insulators are usually combustible and vulnerable to fire. Fires like that at Wooshin Golden Suite Building in Busan, Korea in 2010 and that at CCTV Building in Beijing, China are the major examples of fire spread accelerated by combustible insulators. The exterior finishing materials of a high-rise building are not made of insulators only, but they are integrated with the building’s external cladding system. There is a limit in evaluating the fire safety of a cladding system with a single small-unit material such as a cone calorimeter. Therefore, countries provide codes to evaluate the fire safety of exterior finishing materials using full-scale tests. This study compares <ISO 13785-2: Reaction-to-fire tests for facades-Part2: Large-scale test> and <BS 8414-1: Fire performance of external cladding systems- part 1: Test method for non-loadbearing external cladding systems applied to the masonry face of a building> to examine the applicability of the methods to Korea. Standard analysis showed differences in the type and size of fire sources and duration and exterior finishing materials also differed in size. In order to confirm the differences, fire tests were conducted on identical external cladding systems to compare fire safety. Although the exterior finishing materials were identical, varying degrees of fire spread were observed, which could be considered as differences in the type and size of the fire sources and duration. Therefore, it is deduced that extended studies should be conducted before the evaluation methods and standards are employed in Korea. The two standards for evaluating fire safety provided different results. Peak heat release rate was 5.5MW in ISO method and 3.0±0.5MW in BS method. Peak heat release rate in ISO method continued for 15 minutes. Fire ignition, growth, full development and decay evolved for 30 minutes in BS method where wood cribs were used as fire sources. Therefore, follow-up studies should be conducted to determine which of the two standards provides fire sources that approximate the size of flames coming out from the openings or those spreading to the outside when a fire occurs at a high-rise building. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20cladding%20systems" title="external cladding systems">external cladding systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20safety%20evaluation" title=" fire safety evaluation"> fire safety evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISO%2013785-2" title=" ISO 13785-2"> ISO 13785-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BS%208414" title=" BS 8414"> BS 8414</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71776/comparative-study-on-fire-safety-evaluation-methods-for-external-cladding-systems-iso-13785-2-and-bs-8414" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71776.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8914</span> An Ultrasonic Approach to Investigate the Effect of Aeration on Rheological Properties of Soft Biological Materials with Bubbles Embedded</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussein%20M.%20Elmehdi">Hussein M. Elmehdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present the results of our recent experiments done to examine the effect of air bubbles, which were introduced to bio-samples during preparation, on the rheological properties of soft biological materials. To effectively achieve this, we three samples each prepared with differently. Our soft biological systems comprised of three types of flour dough systems made from different flour varieties with variable protein concentrations. The samples were investigated using ultrasonic waves operated at low frequency in transmission mode. The sample investigated included dough made from bread flour, wheat flour and all-purpose flour. During mixing, the main ingredient of the samples (the flour) was transformed into cohesive dough comprised of the continuous dough matrix and air pebbles. The rheological properties of such materials determine the quality of the end cereal product. Two ultrasonic parameters, the longitudinal velocity and attenuation coefficient were found to be very sensitive to properties such as the size of the occluded bubbles, and hence have great potential of providing quantitative evaluation of the properties of such materials. The results showed that the magnitudes of the ultrasonic velocity and attenuation coefficient peaked at optimum mixing times; the latter of which is taken as an indication of the end of the mixing process. There was an agreement between the results obtained by conventional rheology and ultrasound measurements, thus showing the potential of the use of ultrasound as an on-line quality control technique for dough-based products. The results of this work are explained with respect to the molecular changes occurring in the dough system as the mixing process proceeds; particular emphasis is placed on the presence of free water and bound water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title="ultrasound">ultrasound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20biological%20materials" title=" soft biological materials"> soft biological materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity" title=" velocity"> velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attenuation" title=" attenuation"> attenuation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47328/an-ultrasonic-approach-to-investigate-the-effect-of-aeration-on-rheological-properties-of-soft-biological-materials-with-bubbles-embedded" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47328.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8913</span> The Utilization of Recycled Construction and Demolition Waste Aggregate in Asphaltic Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inas%20Kamel">Inas Kamel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor%20Z.%20Habib"> Noor Z. Habib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Utilizing construction and demolition wastes in hotmix asphalt (HMA) pavement construction can reduce the adverse environmental effect of its inadequate disposal and reduce the pressure of extracting and processing mineral aggregates (MA). This study aims to examine the viability of replacing MA by recycled construction and demolition waste aggregates (RCDWA) in the wearing course of asphaltic concrete (AC) pavements without compromising its loadbearing capacity. The Marshall Method was used to evaluate the performance of AC wearing course specimens by replacing MA by 10%, 20% and 30% RCDWA. Grade 60/70 bitumen was used in the range 3.0-5.5%, with 05% increments, to generate the optimum bitumen content (OBC). From the volumetric analysis and test property curves, the mixture containing 20% RCDWA was chosen as the preferred mix at 5.1% OBC. It possessed a 10% increase in Marshall Stability compared to the reference specimen, containing 100% MA, and a 6% increase in Marshall flow. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggregate" title="aggregate">aggregate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asphaltic%20concrete" title=" asphaltic concrete"> asphaltic concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marshall%20method" title=" Marshall method"> Marshall method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20bitumen%20content" title=" optimum bitumen content"> optimum bitumen content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20construction%20and%20demolition%20waste" title=" recycled construction and demolition waste"> recycled construction and demolition waste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129727/the-utilization-of-recycled-construction-and-demolition-waste-aggregate-in-asphaltic-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129727.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8912</span> Influential Effect of Self-Healing Treatment on Water Absorption and Electrical Resistance of Normal and Light Weight Aggregate Concretes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Tayebani">B. Tayebani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Hosseinibalam"> N. Hosseinibalam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Mostofinejad"> D. Mostofinejad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Interest in using bacteria in cement materials due to its positive influences has been increased. Cement materials such as mortar and concrete basically suffer from higher porosity and water absorption compared to other building materials such as steel materials. Because of the negative side-effects of certain chemical techniques, biological methods have been proposed as a desired and environmentally friendly strategy for reducing concrete porosity and diminishing water absorption. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to evaluate the influence of <em>Sporosarcina pasteurii</em> bacteria on the behaviour of two types of concretes (light weight aggregate concrete and normal weight concrete). The resistance of specimens to water penetration by testing water absorption and evaluating the electrical resistance of those concretes was examined and compared. As a conclusion, 20% increase in electrical resistance and 10% reduction in water absorption of lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) and for normal concrete the results show 7% decrease in water absorption and almost 10% increase in electrical resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria" title="bacteria">bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20method" title=" biological method"> biological method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normal%20weight%20concrete" title=" normal weight concrete"> normal weight concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight%20aggregate%20concrete" title=" lightweight aggregate concrete"> lightweight aggregate concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20absorption" title=" water absorption"> water absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20resistance" title=" electrical resistance"> electrical resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105329/influential-effect-of-self-healing-treatment-on-water-absorption-and-electrical-resistance-of-normal-and-light-weight-aggregate-concretes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8911</span> Liquid Crystal Elastomers as Light-Driven Star-Shaped Microgripper</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indraj%20Singh">Indraj Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xuan%20Lee"> Xuan Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Chieh%20Cheng"> Yu-Chieh Cheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Scientists are very keen on biomimetic research that mimics biological species to micro-robotic devices with the novel functionalities and accessibility. The source of inspiration is the complexity, sophistication, and intelligence of the biological systems. In this work, we design a light-driven star-shaped microgripper, an autonomous soft device which can change the shape under the external stimulus such as light. The design is based on light-responsive Liquid Crystal Elastomers which fabricated onto the polymer coated aligned substrate. The change in shape, controlled by the anisotropicity and the molecular orientation of the Liquid Crystal Elastomer, based on the external stimulus. This artificial star-shaped microgripper is capable of autonomous closure and capable to grab the objects in response to an external stimulus. This external stimulus-responsive materials design, based on soft active smart materials, provides a new approach to autonomous, self-regulating optical systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20crystal%20elastomers" title="liquid crystal elastomers">liquid crystal elastomers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microgripper" title=" microgripper"> microgripper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20materials" title=" smart materials"> smart materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robotics" title=" robotics"> robotics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95169/liquid-crystal-elastomers-as-light-driven-star-shaped-microgripper" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95169.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8910</span> Reducing Friction Associated with Commercial Use of Biomimetics While Increasing the Potential for Using Eco Materials and Design in Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20P.%20Ulh%C3%B8i">John P. Ulhøi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Firms are faced with pressure to stay innovative and entrepreneurial while at the same time leaving lighter ecological footprints. Traditionally inspiration for new product development (NPD) has come from the creative in-house staff and from the marketplace. Often NPD offered by this approach has proven to be (far from) optimal for its purpose or highly (resource and energy) efficient. More recently, a bio-inspired NPD approach has surfaced under the banner of biomimetics. Biomimetics refers to inspiration from and translations of designs, systems, processes, and or specific properties that exist in nature. The principles and structures working in nature have evolved over a long period of time enable them to be optimized for the purpose and resource and energy-efficient. These characteristics reflect the raison d'être behind the field of biomimetics. While biological expertise is required to understand and explain such natural and biological principles and structures, engineers are needed to translate biological design and processes into synthetic applications. It can, therefore, hardly be surprising, biomimetics long has gained a solid foothold in both biology and engineering. The commercial adoption of biomimetic applications in new production development (NDP) in industry, however, does not quite reflect a similar growth. Differently put, this situation suggests that something is missing in the biomimetic-NPD-equation, thus acting as a brake towards the wider commercial application of biomimetics and thus the use of eco-materials and design in the industry. This paper closes some of that gap. Before concluding, avenues for future research and implications for practice will be briefly sketched out. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomimetics" title="biomimetics">biomimetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco-materials" title=" eco-materials"> eco-materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NPD" title=" NPD"> NPD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercialization" title=" commercialization"> commercialization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142398/reducing-friction-associated-with-commercial-use-of-biomimetics-while-increasing-the-potential-for-using-eco-materials-and-design-in-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8909</span> Influence of BaTiO₃ on the Biological Behaviour of Hydroxyapatite: Collagen Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristina%20Busuioc">Cristina Busuioc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgeta%20Voicu"> Georgeta Voicu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sorin-Ion%20Jinga"> Sorin-Ion Jinga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The human bone presents in its dry form piezoelectric properties, which means that a mechanical stress results in electric polarization and an applied electric field causes strain. The immediate consequence was the revealing of piezoelectricity role in bone remodelling, as well as the integration of ceramic materials with piezoelectric behaviour in the composition of unitary or composite biomaterials. Thus, we prepared hydroxyapatite - collagen hybrid materials with barium titanate addition in order to achieve a better osseointegration. Barium titanate powder synthesized by a combined sol-gel-hydrothermal method, commercial hydroxyapatite and laboratory extracted collagen gel were employed as starting materials. Before the composites, fabrication, the powder with piezoelectric features was characterized in detail from the compositional, structural, morphological and electrical point of view. The next step was to elucidate the influence of barium titanate presence especially on the biological properties of the final materials. The biocompatibility of the hybrid supports without or with piezoelectric addition was investigated on mouse osteoblast cells through LDH cytotoxicity assay, LIVE/DEAD cell viability assay, and MTT cell proliferation assay. All results indicated that the analysed materials do not exert cytotoxic effects and present the ability to sustain cell survival and to promote their proliferation. In conclusion, barium titanate nanoparticles exhibit a good biocompatibility and osteoinductive properties, while the derived composite materials based on hydroxyapatite as oxide phase and collagen as polymeric phase can be successfully used for tissue engineering applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barium%20titanate" title="barium titanate">barium titanate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20composites" title=" hybrid composites"> hybrid composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piezoelectricity" title=" piezoelectricity"> piezoelectricity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue%20engineering" title=" tissue engineering"> tissue engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62724/influence-of-batio3-on-the-biological-behaviour-of-hydroxyapatite-collagen-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62724.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8908</span> Performance Evaluation of Pilot Rotating Biological Contactor for Decentralised Management of Domestic Sewage in Delhi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20R.%20Sreekrishnan">T. R. Sreekrishnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukesh%20Khare"> Mukesh Khare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dinesh%20Upadhyay"> Dinesh Upadhyay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC), the biological film responsible for removal of pollutants is formed on the surface of discs. Evaluation studies of a pilot RBC designed to treat sewage of 150 persons with BOD Loading Rate: 8.2–26.7 g/m2/d, Discharge: 57.6 – 115.2 m3/day, HRT 1.25 – 2.5 hrs, at STP Yamuna Vihar Delhi. Removal of organic materials through use of fixed film reactors such as RBC is accomplished by means of a biological film on the fixed media. May and June in Delhi are dry summer months where the ambient temperature is in the range of 35oC to 45oC. July is a wet monsoon month that receives occasional precipitation, cloud cover, high humidity, with ambient temperature in the range of 30oC to 35oC. The organic and inorganic loads to the RBC employed in this study are actual city sewage conditions. Average in fluent BOD concentrations have been 330 mg/l, 245 mg/l and 160 mg/l and the average COD concentrations have been 670 mg/l, 500 mg/l, and 275 mg/l. The city sewage also has high concentration of ammonia, phosphorous, total suspended solids (TSS). pH of the city sewage is near neutral. Overall, the substrate conditions of city sewage are conducive for biological treatment though aerobic process. The presentation is a part of the ongoing collaborative research initiative between IIT Delhi and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany which is going on for last 15 years or so in the treatment of sewage waste of Delhi using semi-decentralized treatment system based on Rotating Biological Contactor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rotating%20Biological%20Contactor%20%28RBC%29" title="Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC)">Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COD" title=" COD"> COD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BOD" title=" BOD"> BOD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HRT" title=" HRT"> HRT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STP" title=" STP"> STP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20740/performance-evaluation-of-pilot-rotating-biological-contactor-for-decentralised-management-of-domestic-sewage-in-delhi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20740.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8907</span> Functionalized Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Temesgen%20Geremew">Temesgen Geremew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Functionalized nanoparticles have emerged as a revolutionary class of materials with immense potential in various biomedical applications. These engineered nanoparticles possess unique properties tailored to interact with biological systems, offering unprecedented opportunities in drug delivery, imaging, diagnostics, and therapy. This research delves into the design, synthesis, and characterization of functionalized nanoparticles for targeted biomedical applications. The primary focus lies on developing nanoparticles with precisely controlled size, surface chemistry, and biocompatibility for specific medical purposes. The research will also explore the crucial interaction of these nanoparticles with biological systems, encompassing cellular uptake, biodistribution, and potential toxicity evaluation. The successful development of functionalized nanoparticles holds the promise to revolutionize various aspects of healthcare. This research aspires to contribute significantly to this advancement by providing valuable insights into the design and application of these versatile materials within the ever-evolving field of biomedicine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title="nanoparticles">nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedicals" title=" biomedicals"> biomedicals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer" title=" cancer"> cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocompatibility" title=" biocompatibility"> biocompatibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183266/functionalized-nanoparticles-for-biomedical-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183266.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8906</span> Implementation of Ecological and Energy-Efficient Building Concepts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Wimmer">Robert Wimmer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soeren%20Eikemeier"> Soeren Eikemeier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Berger"> Michael Berger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anita%20Preisler"> Anita Preisler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A relatively large percentage of energy and resource consumption occurs in the building sector. This concerns the production of building materials, the construction of buildings and also the energy consumption during the use phase. Therefore, the overall objective of this EU LIFE project “LIFE Cycle Habitation” (LIFE13 ENV/AT/000741) is to demonstrate innovative building concepts that significantly reduce CO₂emissions, mitigate climate change and contain a minimum of grey energy over their entire life cycle. The project is being realised with the contribution of the LIFE financial instrument of the European Union. The ultimate goal is to design and build prototypes for carbon-neutral and “LIFE cycle”-oriented residential buildings and make energy-efficient settlements the standard of tomorrow in line with the EU 2020 objectives. To this end, a resource and energy-efficient building compound is being built in Böheimkirchen, Lower Austria, which includes 6 living units and a community area as well as 2 single family houses with a total usable floor surface of approximately 740 m². Different innovative straw bale construction types (load bearing and pre-fabricated non loadbearing modules) together with a highly innovative energy-supply system, which is based on the maximum use of thermal energy for thermal energy services, are going to be implemented. Therefore only renewable resources and alternative energies are used to generate thermal as well as electrical energy. This includes the use of solar energy for space heating, hot water and household appliances like dishwasher or washing machine, but also a cooking place for the community area operated with thermal oil as heat transfer medium on a higher temperature level. Solar collectors in combination with a biomass cogeneration unit and photovoltaic panels are used to provide thermal and electric energy for the living units according to the seasonal demand. The building concepts are optimised by support of dynamic simulations. A particular focus is on the production and use of modular prefabricated components and building parts made of regionally available, highly energy-efficient, CO₂-storing renewable materials like straw bales. The building components will be produced in collaboration by local SMEs that are organised in an efficient way. The whole building process and results are monitored and prepared for knowledge transfer and dissemination including a trial living in the residential units to test and monitor the energy supply system and to involve stakeholders into evaluation and dissemination of the applied technologies and building concepts. The realised building concepts should then be used as templates for a further modular extension of the settlement in a second phase. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy-efficiency" title="energy-efficiency">energy-efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20architecture" title=" green architecture"> green architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20resources" title=" renewable resources"> renewable resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20building" title=" sustainable building"> sustainable building</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76963/implementation-of-ecological-and-energy-efficient-building-concepts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76963.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8905</span> Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of New Developed Titanium Alloys in Ringer’s Solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasser%20M.%20Abd-elrhman">Yasser M. Abd-elrhman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20A.%20Gepreel"> Mohamed A. Gepreel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiochi%20Nakamura"> Kiochi Nakamura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Abd%20El-Moneim"> Ahmed Abd El-Moneim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sengo%20Kobayashi"> Sengo Kobayashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mervat%20M.%20Ibrahim"> Mervat M. Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Titanium alloys are known as highly bio compatible metallic materials due to their high strength, low elastic modulus, and high corrosion resistance in biological media. Besides other important material features, the corrosion parameters and corrosion products are responsible for limiting the biological and chemical bio compatibility of metallic materials that produce undesirable reactions in implant-adjacent and/or more distant tissues. Electrochemical corrosion behaviors of novel beta titanium alloys, Ti-4.7Mo-4.5Fe, Ti-3Mo-0.5Fe, and Ti-2Mo-0.5Fe were characterized in naturally aerated Ringer’s solution at room temperature compared with common used biomedical titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V. The corrosion resistance of titanium alloys were investigated through open circuit potential (OCP), potentiodynamic polarization measurements and optical microscope (OM). A high corrosion resistance was obtained for all alloys due to the stable passive film formed on their surfaces. The new present alloys are promising metallic biomaterials for the future, owing to their very low elastic modulus and good corrosion resistance capabilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium%20alloys" title="titanium alloys">titanium alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20resistance" title=" corrosion resistance"> corrosion resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ringer%E2%80%99s%20solution" title=" Ringer’s solution"> Ringer’s solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20corrosion" title=" electrochemical corrosion"> electrochemical corrosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19503/electrochemical-corrosion-behavior-of-new-developed-titanium-alloys-in-ringers-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">659</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8904</span> Stimuli Responsives of Crosslinked Poly on 2-HydroxyEthyl MethAcrylate – Optimization of Parameters by Experimental Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tewfik%20Bouchaour">Tewfik Bouchaour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salah%20Hamri"> Salah Hamri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasmina%20Houda%20Bendahma"> Yasmina Houda Bendahma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ulrich%20Maschke"> Ulrich Maschke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stimuli-responsive materials based on UV crosslinked acrylic polymer networks are fabricated. A various kinds of polymeric systems, hydrophilic polymers based on 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate have been widely studied because of their ability to simulate biological tissues, which leads to many applications. The acrylic polymer network PHEMA developed by UV photopolymerization has been used for dye retention. For these so-called smart materials, the properties change in response to an external stimulus. In this contribution, we report the influence of some parameters (initial composition, temperature, and nature of components) in the properties of final materials. Optimization of different parameters is examined by experimental design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV%20photo-polymerization" title="UV photo-polymerization">UV photo-polymerization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PHEMA" title=" PHEMA"> PHEMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20stimulus" title=" external stimulus"> external stimulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46734/stimuli-responsives-of-crosslinked-poly-on-2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate-optimization-of-parameters-by-experimental-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46734.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8903</span> Experimental Approach and Numerical Modeling of Thermal Properties of Porous Materials: Application to Construction Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nassima%20Sotehi">Nassima Sotehi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article presents experimental and numerical results concerning the thermal properties of the porous materials used as heat insulator in the buildings sector. Initially, the thermal conductivity of three types of studied walls (classic concrete, concrete with cork aggregate and polystyrene concrete) was measured in experiments by the method of the boxes. Then a numerical modeling of the heat and mass transfers which occur within porous materials was applied to these walls. This work shows the influence of the presence of water in building materials on their thermophysical properties, as well as influence of the nature of materials and dosage of fibers introduced within these materials on the thermal and mass transfers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title="modeling">modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20media" title=" porous media"> porous media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20materials" title=" thermal materials"> thermal materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20properties" title=" thermal properties"> thermal properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38381/experimental-approach-and-numerical-modeling-of-thermal-properties-of-porous-materials-application-to-construction-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">472</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8902</span> Development and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Based Nanocomposites for Local Drug Delivery to Periodontal Pockets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indu%20Lata%20Kanwar">Indu Lata Kanwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Preeti%20K.%20Suresh"> Preeti K. Suresh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to fabricate hydroxyapatite based nanocomposites for local drug delivery in periodontal pockets. Hydroxyapatite is chemically similar to the mineral component of bones and hard tissues in mammals. Synthetic biocompatibility and bioactivity with human teeth and bone, making it very attractive for biomedical applications. Nanocomposite is a multiphase solid material where one of the phases has one, two or three dimensions of less than 100 nanometres (nm), or structures having nanoscale repeat distances between the different phases that make up the material. Nanostructured calcium phosphate materials play an important role in the formation of hard tissues in nature. It is reported that calcium phosphates materials in nano-size can mimic the dimensions of constituent components of calcified tissues. Nano-sized materials offer improved performances compared with conventional materials due to their large surface-to-volume ratios. The specific biological properties of the nanocomposites, as well as their interaction with cells, include the use of bioactive molecules. The approach of periodontal tissue engineering is considered promising to restore bone defect through the use of engineered materials with the aim that they will prohibit the invasion of ﬁbrous connective tissue and help repair the function during bone regeneration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioactive" title="bioactive">bioactive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroxyapatite" title=" hydroxyapatite"> hydroxyapatite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposities" title=" nanocomposities"> nanocomposities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periondontal" title=" periondontal"> periondontal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47664/development-and-characterization-of-hydroxyapatite-based-nanocomposites-for-local-drug-delivery-to-periodontal-pockets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47664.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8901</span> Intensive Biological Control in Spanish Greenhouses: Problems of the Success</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carolina%20Sanchez">Carolina Sanchez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20R.%20Gallego"> Juan R. Gallego</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manuel%20Gamez"> Manuel Gamez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomas%20Cabello"> Tomas Cabello</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, biological control programs in greenhouse crops involve the use, at the same time, several natural enemies during the crop cycle. Also, large number of plant species grown in greenhouses, among them, the used cultivars are also wide. However, the cultivar effects on entomophagous species efficacy (predators and parasitoids) have been scarcely studied. A new method had been developed, using the factitious prey or host Ephestia kuehniella. It allows us to evaluate, under greenhouse or controlled conditions (semi-field), the cultivar effects on the entomophagous species effectiveness. The work was carried out in greenhouse tomato crop. It has been found the biological and ecological activities of predatory species (Nesidiocoris tenuis) and egg-parasitoid (Trichogramma achaeae) can be well represented with the use of the factitious prey or host; being better in the former than the latter. The data found in the trial are shown and discussed. The developed method could be applied to evaluate new plant materials before making available to farmers as commercial varieties, at low costs and easy use. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultivar%20effects" title="cultivar effects">cultivar effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predators" title=" predators"> predators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parasitoids" title=" parasitoids"> parasitoids</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15816/intensive-biological-control-in-spanish-greenhouses-problems-of-the-success" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15816.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8900</span> Guidelines to Designing Generic Protocol for Responding to Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Incidents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20H.%20Yarmohammadian">Mohammad H. Yarmohammadian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Nasr%20Isfahani"> Mehdi Nasr Isfahani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Anbari"> Elham Anbari </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The awareness of using chemical, biological, and nuclear agents in everyday industrial and non-industrial incidents has increased recently; release of these materials can be accidental or intentional. Since hospitals are the forefronts of confronting Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear( CBRN) incidents, the goal of the present research was to provide a generic protocol for CBRN incidents through a comparative review of CBRN protocols and guidelines of different countries and reviewing various books, handbooks and papers. Method: The integrative approach or research synthesis was adopted in this study. First a simple narrative review of programs, books, handbooks, and papers about response to CBRN incidents in different countries was carried out. Then the most important and functional information was discussed in the form of a generic protocol in focus group sessions and subsequently confirmed. Results: Findings indicated that most of the countries had various protocols, guidelines, and handbooks for hazardous materials or CBRN incidents. The final outcome of the research synthesis was a 50 page generic protocol whose main topics included introduction, definition and classification of CBRN agents, four major phases of incident and disaster management cycle, hospital response management plan, equipment, and recommended supplies and antidotes for decontamination (radiological/nuclear, chemical, biological); each of these also had subtopics. Conclusion: In the majority of international protocols, guidelines, handbooks and also international and Iranian books and papers, there is an emphasis on the importance of incident command system, determining the safety degree of decontamination zones, maps of decontamination zones, decontamination process, triage classifications, personal protective equipment, and supplies and antidotes for decontamination; these are the least requirements for such incidents and also consistent with the provided generic protocol. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospital" title="hospital">hospital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CBRN" title=" CBRN"> CBRN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decontamination" title=" decontamination"> decontamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generic%20protocol" title=" generic protocol"> generic protocol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CBRN%20Incidents" title=" CBRN Incidents"> CBRN Incidents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39949/guidelines-to-designing-generic-protocol-for-responding-to-chemical-biological-radiological-and-nuclear-incidents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39949.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8899</span> Hydrogen Production from Solid Waste of Sago Processing Industries in Indonesia: Effect of Chemical and Biological Pretreatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pratikno%20Hidayat">Pratikno Hidayat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khamdan%20Cahyari"> Khamdan Cahyari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrogen is the ultimate choice of energy carriers in future. It contents high energy density (42 kJ/g), emits only water vapor during combustion and has high energy conversion up to 50% in fuel cell application. One of the promising methods to produce hydrogen is from organic waste through dark fermentation method. It utilizes sugar-rich organic waste as substrate and hydrogen-producing microorganisms to generate the hydrogen. Solid waste of sago processing industries in Indonesia is one of the promising raw materials for both producing biofuel hydrogen and mitigating the environmental impact due to the waste disposal. This research was meant to investigate the effect of chemical and biological pretreatment i.e. acid treatment and mushroom cultivation toward lignocellulosic waste of these sago industries. Chemical pretreatment was conducted through exposing the waste into acid condition using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) (various molar i.e. 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 M and various duration of exposure i.e. 30, 60 and 90 minutes). Meanwhile, biological treatment was conducted through utilization of the solid waste as growth media of mushroom (Oyster and Ling-zhi) for 3 months. Dark fermentation was conducted at pH 5.0, temperature 27℃ and atmospheric pressure. It was noticed that chemical and biological pretreatment could improve hydrogen yield with the highest yield at 3.8 ml/g VS (31%v H2). The hydrogen production was successfully performed to generate high percentage of hydrogen, although the yield was still low. This result indicated that the explosion of acid chemical and biological method might need to be extended to improve degradability of the solid waste. However, high percentage of hydrogen was resulted from proper pretreatment of residual sludge of biogas plant to generate hydrogen-producing inoculum. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen" title="hydrogen">hydrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sago%20waste" title=" sago waste"> sago waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical" title=" chemical"> chemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological" title=" biological"> biological</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dark%20fermentation" title=" dark fermentation"> dark fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indonesia" title=" Indonesia"> Indonesia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42980/hydrogen-production-from-solid-waste-of-sago-processing-industries-in-indonesia-effect-of-chemical-and-biological-pretreatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42980.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8898</span> Biosensor Technologies in Neurotransmitters Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanna%20Cabaj">Joanna Cabaj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sylwia%20Baluta"> Sylwia Baluta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karol%20Malecha"> Karol Malecha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Catecholamines are vital neurotransmitters that mediate a variety of central nervous system functions, such as motor control, cognition, emotion, memory processing, and endocrine modulation. Dysfunctions in catecholamine neurotransmission are induced in some neurologic and neuropsychiatric diseases. Changeable neurotransmitters level in biological fluids can be a marker of several neurological disorders. Because of its significance in analytical techniques and diagnostics, sensitive and selective detection of neurotransmitters is increasingly attracting a lot of attention in different areas of bio-analysis or biomedical research. Recently, optical techniques for the detection of catecholamines have attracted interests due to their reasonable cost, convenient control, as well as maneuverability in biological environments. Nevertheless, with the observed need for a sensitive and selective catecholamines sensor, the development of a convenient method for this neurotransmitter is still at its basic level. The manipulation of nanostructured materials in conjunction with biological molecules has led to the development of a new class of hybrid-modified enzymatic sensors in which both enhancement of charge transport and biological activity preservation may be obtained. Immobilization of biomaterials on electrode surfaces is the crucial step in fabricating electrochemical as well as optical biosensors and bioelectronic devices. Continuing systematic investigation in manufacturing of enzyme–conducting sensitive systems, here is presented a convenient fluorescence as well as electrochemical sensing strategy for catecholamines detection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosensors" title="biosensors">biosensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catecholamines" title=" catecholamines"> catecholamines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorescence" title=" fluorescence"> fluorescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzymes" title=" enzymes"> enzymes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156651/biosensor-technologies-in-neurotransmitters-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156651.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8897</span> The High Strength Biocompatible Wires of Commercially Pure Titanium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Pal%C3%A1n">J. Palán</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Zemko"> M. Zemko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> COMTES FHT has been active in a field of research and development of high-strength wires for quite some time. The main material was pure titanium. The primary goal of this effort is to develop a continuous production process for ultrafine and nanostructured materials with the aid of severe plastic deformation (SPD). This article outlines mechanical and microstructural properties of the materials and the options available for testing the components made of these materials. Ti Grade 2 and Grade 4 wires are the key products of interest. Ti Grade 2 with ultrafine to nano-sized grain shows ultimate strength of up to 1050 MPa. Ti Grade 4 reaches ultimate strengths of up to 1250 MPa. These values are twice or three times as higher as those found in the unprocessed material. For those fields of medicine where implantable metallic materials are used, bulk ultrafine to nanostructured titanium is available. It is manufactured by SPD techniques. These processes leave the chemical properties of the initial material unchanged but markedly improve its final mechanical properties, in particular, the strength. Ultrafine to nanostructured titanium retains all the significant and, from the biological viewpoint, desirable properties that are important for its use in medicine, i.e. those properties which made pure titanium the preferred material also for dental implants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CONFORM" title="CONFORM">CONFORM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ECAP" title=" ECAP"> ECAP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotary%20swaging" title=" rotary swaging"> rotary swaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium" title=" titanium"> titanium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73209/the-high-strength-biocompatible-wires-of-commercially-pure-titanium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73209.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8896</span> Biological Activity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Surface of Implants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saimir%20Heta">Saimir Heta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilma%20Robo"> Ilma Robo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dhimiter%20Papakozma"> Dhimiter Papakozma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eduart%20Kapaj"> Eduart Kapaj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vera%20Ostreni"> Vera Ostreni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The biocompatible materials applied to the implant surfaces are the target of recent literature studies. Methodologies: Modification of implant surfaces in different ways such as application of additional ions, surface microstructure change, surface or laser ultrasound alteration, or application of various substances such as recombinant proteins are among the most affected by articles published in the literature. The study is of review type with the main aim of finding the different ways that the mesenchymal cell reaction to these materials is, according to the literature, in the same percentage positive to the osteointegration process. Results: It is emphasized in the literature that implant success as a key evaluation key has more to implement implant treatment protocol ranging from dental health amenity and subsequent of the choice of implant type depending on the alveolar shape of the ridge level. Conclusions: Osteointegration is a procedure that should initially be physiologically independent of the type of implant pile material. With this physiological process, it can not "boast" for implant success or implantation depending on the brand of the selected implant, as the breadth of synthetic or natural materials that promote osteointegration is relatively large. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesenchymal%20cells" title="mesenchymal cells">mesenchymal cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implants" title=" implants"> implants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=review" title=" review"> review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocompatible%20materials" title=" biocompatible materials"> biocompatible materials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119626/biological-activity-of-mesenchymal-stem-cells-in-the-surface-of-implants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119626.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8895</span> Leaf Image Processing: Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Vijayashree">T. Vijayashree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Gopal"> A. Gopal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the work is to classify and authenticate medicinal plant materials and herbs widely used for Indian herbal medicinal preparation. The quality and authenticity of these raw materials are to be ensured for the preparation of herbal medicines. These raw materials are to be carefully screened, analyzed and documented due to mistaken of look-alike materials which do not have medicinal characteristics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authenticity" title="authenticity">authenticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standardization" title=" standardization"> standardization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20component%20analysis" title=" principal component analysis"> principal component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imaging%20processing" title=" imaging processing"> imaging processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20processing" title=" signal processing"> signal processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5441/leaf-image-processing-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5441.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8894</span> Beta Titanium Alloys: The Lowest Elastic Modulus for Biomedical Applications: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsin%20Talib%20Mohammed">Mohsin Talib Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahid%20A.%20Khan"> Zahid A. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arshad%20N.%20Siddiquee"> Arshad N. Siddiquee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biometallic materials are the most important materials for use in biomedical applications especially in manufacturing a variety of biological artificial replacements in a modern worlds, e.g. hip, knee or shoulder joints, due to their advanced characteristics. Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are used extensively in biomedical applications based on their high specific strength and excellent corrosion resistance. Beta-Ti alloys containing completely biocompatible elements are exceptionally prospective materials for manufacturing of bioimplants. They have superior mechanical, chemical and electrochemical properties for use as biomaterials. These biomaterials have the ability to introduce the most important property of biochemical compatibility which is low elastic modulus. This review examines current information on the recent developments in alloying elements leading to improvements of beta Ti alloys for use as biomaterials. Moreover, this paper focuses mainly on the evolution, evaluation and development of the modulus of elasticity as an effective factor on the performance of beta alloys. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beta%20alloys" title="beta alloys">beta alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedical%20applications" title=" biomedical applications"> biomedical applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium%20alloys" title=" titanium alloys"> titanium alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%27s%20modulus" title=" Young's modulus"> Young's modulus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6030/beta-titanium-alloys-the-lowest-elastic-modulus-for-biomedical-applications-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6030.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8893</span> Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Supercooled Water in Nanoporous Confinement and Biological Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viktor%20Soprunyuk">Viktor Soprunyuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wilfried%20Schranz"> Wilfried Schranz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrick%20Huber"> Patrick Huber</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present work, we show that Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) with a measurement frequency range f= 0.2 - 100 Hz is a rather powerful technique for the study of phase transitions (freezing and melting) and glass transitions of water in geometrical confinement. Inserting water into nanoporous host matrices, like e.g. Gelsil (size of pores 2.6 nm and 5 nm) or Vycor (size of pores 10 nm) allows one to study size effects occurring at the nanoscale conveniently in macroscopic bulk samples. One obtains valuable insight concerning confinement induced changes of the dynamics by measuring the temperature and frequency dependencies of the complex Young's modulus Y* for various pore sizes. Solid-liquid transitions or glass-liquid transitions show up in a softening or the real part Y' of the complex Young's modulus, yet with completely different frequency dependencies. Analysing the frequency dependent imaginary part of the Young´s modulus in the glass transition regions for different pore sizes we find a clear-cut 1/d-dependence of the calculated glass transition temperatures which extrapolates to Tg(1/d=0)=136 K, in agreement with the traditional value of water. The results indicate that the main role of the pore diameter is the relative amount of water molecules that are near an interface within a length scale of the order of the dynamic correlation length x. Thus we argue that the observed strong pore size dependence of Tg is an interfacial effect, rather than a finite size effect. We obtained similar signatures of Y* near glass transitions in different biological objects (fruits, vegetables, and bread). The values of the activation energies for these biological materials in the region of glass transition are quite similar to the values of the activation energies of supercooled water in the nanoporous confinement in this region. The present work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF, project Nr. P 28672 – N36). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20systems" title="biological systems">biological systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquids" title=" liquids"> liquids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glasses" title=" glasses"> glasses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amorphous%20systems" title=" amorphous systems"> amorphous systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoporous%20materials" title=" nanoporous materials"> nanoporous materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20transition" title=" phase transition"> phase transition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56486/dynamic-mechanical-analysis-of-supercooled-water-in-nanoporous-confinement-and-biological-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56486.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">237</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8892</span> Material Analysis for Temple Painting Conservation in Taiwan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chen-Fu%20Wang">Chen-Fu Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lin-Ya%20Kung"> Lin-Ya Kung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For traditional painting materials, the artisan used to combine the pigments with different binders to create colors. As time goes by, the materials used for painting evolved from natural to chemical materials. The vast variety of ingredients used in chemical materials has complicated restoration work; it makes conservation work more difficult. Conservation work also becomes harder when the materials cannot be easily identified; therefore, it is essential that we take a more scientific approach to assist in conservation work. Paintings materials are high molecular weight polymer, and their analysis is very complicated as well other contamination such as smoke and dirt can also interfere with the analysis of the material. The current methods of composition analysis of painting materials include Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), mass spectrometer, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), each of which has its own limitation. In this study, FT-IR was used to analyze the components of the paint coating. We have taken the most commonly seen materials as samples and deteriorated it. The aged information was then used for the database to exam the temple painting materials. By observing the FT-IR changes over time, we can tell all of the painting materials will be deteriorated by the UV light, but only the speed of its degradation had some difference. From the deterioration experiment, the acrylic resin resists better than the others. After collecting the painting materials aging information on FT-IR, we performed some test on the paintings on the temples. It was found that most of the artisan used tune-oil for painting materials, and some other paintings used chemical materials. This method is now working successfully on identifying the painting materials. However, the method is destructive and high cost. In the future, we will work on the how to know the painting materials more efficiently. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temple%20painting" title="temple painting">temple painting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=painting%20material" title=" painting material"> painting material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation" title=" conservation"> conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FT-IR" title=" FT-IR"> FT-IR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61781/material-analysis-for-temple-painting-conservation-in-taiwan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61781.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8891</span> Polymer Industrial Floors: The Possibility of Using Secondary Raw Materials from Solar Panels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Kosikova">J. Kosikova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Vacenovska"> B. Vacenovska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Vyhnankova"> M. Vyhnankova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper reports on the subject of recycling and further use of secondary raw materials obtained from solar panels, which is becoming a very up to date topic in recent years. Recycling these panels is very difficult and complex, and the use of resulting secondary raw materials is still not fully resolved. Within the research carried out at the Brno University of Technology, new polymer materials used for industrial floors are being developed. Secondary raw materials are incorporated into these polymers as fillers. One of the tested filler materials was glass obtained from solar panels. The following text describes procedures and results of the tests that were performed on these materials, confirming the possibility of the use of solar panel glass in industrial polymer flooring systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fillers" title="fillers">fillers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20floors" title=" industrial floors"> industrial floors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title=" recycling"> recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20raw%20material" title=" secondary raw material"> secondary raw material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20panel" title=" solar panel"> solar panel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10578/polymer-industrial-floors-the-possibility-of-using-secondary-raw-materials-from-solar-panels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10578.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8890</span> Removal of Protein from Chromium Tanning Bath by Biological Treatment Using Pseudomonas sp.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amel%20Benhadji">Amel Benhadji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mourad%20Taleb%20Ahmed"> Mourad Taleb Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachida%20Maachi"> Rachida Maachi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The challenge for the new millennium is to develop an industrial system that has minimal socio-ecological impacts, without compromising quality of life. Leather industry is one of these industries demanding environmentally friendly products. In this study, we investigated the possibility of applying innovative low cost biological treatment using Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This strain tested the efficiency of the batch biological treatment in the recovery of protein and hexavalent chromium from chromium tanning bath. We have compared suspended and fixed bacteria culture. The results showed the removal of the total protein of treatment and a decrease of hexavalent chromium concentration is during the treatment. The better efficiency of the biological treatment is obtained when using fixed culture of P. aeruginosa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tanning%20wastewater" title="tanning wastewater">tanning wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20treatment" title=" biological treatment"> biological treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20removal" title=" protein removal"> protein removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hexavalent%20chromium" title=" hexavalent chromium"> hexavalent chromium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35667/removal-of-protein-from-chromium-tanning-bath-by-biological-treatment-using-pseudomonas-sp" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35667.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> 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