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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Reed-woven mats made in Bengal, India</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:110%;">Madurkathi</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/Geographical_indication" title="Geographical indication">Geographical indication</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Madur_Logo_Registered_for_GI.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/93/Madur_Logo_Registered_for_GI.png" decoding="async" width="59" height="65" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="59" data-file-height="65" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alternative names</th><td class="infobox-data">মাদুরকাঠি</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Description</th><td class="infobox-data">Handicrafts</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Handicrafts</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Registered</th><td class="infobox-data">28 March 2018</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/GirPublic/Application/Details/567">ipindiaservices.gov.in</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Madurkathi</b> mats, or <i>madur</i>, are mats woven in <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a> from a reed called <i>madur kottir</i>, or <i>madurkathi</i>, a sedge of the family <a href="/wiki/Cyperaceae" title="Cyperaceae">Cyperaceae</a>. <i>Madur</i> mat-making is a long-standing tradition, centred on the Medinipur district, and is an important part of the <a href="/wiki/Rural_economics" title="Rural economics">rural economy</a>. The mats are woven mainly by weavers of the <a href="/wiki/Mahishya" title="Mahishya">Mahishya</a> caste, and predominantly by women. This cottage industry contributes significantly to village household income.<sup id="cite_ref-Jana_&_Puste_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jana_&_Puste-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Biswa_Bangla_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biswa_Bangla-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>, the word <i>madur</i> is used as a generic term for floor mats, although it designates mats woven from a specific type of reed.<sup id="cite_ref-Naturally_Bengal_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Naturally_Bengal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mats are an integral part of the social fabric of rural Bengal, and Madurkathi mats are popularly used to sit on and as bedding. The mats are non-conductive and sweat-absorbing, making them an essential household item in West Bengal's hot and humid climate. These mats are also used for religious purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-Jana_&_Puste_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jana_&_Puste-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 28, 2018, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Patent_Office" title="Indian Patent Office">Indian Patent Office</a> granted the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_West_Bengal" title="Government of West Bengal">Government of West Bengal</a> a <a href="/wiki/Geographical_indication" title="Geographical indication">Geographical Indication</a> (GI) Tag for madurkathi, under registration no. 567 in respect of handicrafts. The application for registration of madurkathi was filed by the Government's West Bengal Khadi & Village Industry Board.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurkathi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mat-weaving in India dates back to the <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_civilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley civilisation">Indus Valley civilisation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its socio-cultural relevance is evidenced by references in ancient literature, including the <a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharva Veda</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Shatapatha_Brahmana" title="Shatapatha Brahmana">Shatapatha Brahmana</a></i>, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jana_&_Puste_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jana_&_Puste-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its historical significance is also reflected in Indian folklore, in which the saints were offered grass mats to sit on. </p><p>Records from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Medieval Period</a> provide the first information about mat-weaving in the region of Bengal, with both ordinary and fine quality mats being produced. </p><p>The finest quality of mat, the <i>masland</i>, derives its name from the <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> word <i>masnad</i>, which means throne.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Masland</i> mats originated in the Muslim period, when the finest mats were produced in Medinipur with a silk weft, under the patronage of the royal community of that time.<sup id="cite_ref-Jana_&_Puste_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jana_&_Puste-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Medinipur district village of Maslandpur, located close to Tamluk subdivision, probably takes its name from the <i>masland</i> mat.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mats were collected as revenue under the <i><a href="/wiki/Jagir" title="Jagir">jaigirdari</a></i> system. In 1744, <a href="/wiki/Alivardi_Khan" title="Alivardi Khan">Nawab Alibardi Khan</a> issued a charter to the <i>jaigirdars</i> in this regard. As a result, it was obligatory to supply <i>masland</i> mats for use in the collectorate. Permanent markets for mats were established in <a href="/wiki/Midnapore" title="Midnapore">Medinipur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jana_&_Puste_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jana_&_Puste-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasijora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasijora (page does not exist)">Kasijora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Narajole" title="Narajole">Narajol</a> were the two most important centers of fine <i>masland</i> mat-weaving during this period.<sup id="cite_ref-Jana_&_Puste_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jana_&_Puste-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ordinary mats were also produced. </p><p>Government officials in the British period observed that a large number of <i>masland</i> mats were manufactured in Medinipur. According to a census report of 1872, there were 618 skilled workers engaged in mat-making in the district of Medinipur, where mats were one of the principle articles of trade.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 448,300 mats were reportedly manufactured in 1907-1908.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Records of the British Raj show that, at the beginning of the 20th century, the price of <i>masland</i> mats was 100 <a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">Indian rupees</a> (INR) or more.<sup id="cite_ref-Jana_&_Puste_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jana_&_Puste-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The finest quality mats at that time were made at Raghunathbari, Kasijora, and Narajol in Medinipur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurkathi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The weavers, mainly <a href="/wiki/Mahishya" title="Mahishya">Mahishyas</a>, make three types of mat:<sup id="cite_ref-Jana_&_Puste_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jana_&_Puste-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>ekh-rokha</i>, or single mat</li> <li><i>do-rokha</i>, or double mat</li> <li><i>masland</i></li></ul> <p>Ekh-rokha is a light, thin madur mat. <i>Do-rokha</i> is a heavier and thicker mat, superior to <i>ak rokha</i> in terms of comfort and convenience. The third type, <i>masland</i>, is a textured mat featuring decorative patterning, and is the finest and most expensive of the three.<sup id="cite_ref-Jana_&_Puste_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jana_&_Puste-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Madurkathi have also been used to make a variety of decorative and functional items, including door curtains, sleeping mats, <a href="/wiki/Tiffin" title="Tiffin">tiffin</a>-carriers, and handbags.<sup id="cite_ref-Jana_&_Puste_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jana_&_Puste-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Biswa_Bangla_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biswa_Bangla-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Naturally_Bengal_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Naturally_Bengal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption style="text-align: left;">Typical mat specifications </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Size</th> <th scope="col">Large</th> <th scope="col">Medium</th> <th scope="col">Small </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row">Height </th> <td>45 in × 50 in (110 cm × 130 cm)</td> <td>18 in × 12 in (46 cm × 30 cm)</td> <td>5 in × 6 in (13 cm × 15 cm) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row">Weight </th> <td>5 kg</td> <td>2 kg</td> <td>1 kg </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Mats may be made in a variety of patterns. The designs are self-colored, using variation in the natural reed, and can also incorporate dyed reed patterning in black and magenta.<sup id="cite_ref-Jana_&_Puste_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jana_&_Puste-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyperus_alternifolius_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Cyperus_alternifolius_2.jpg/220px-Cyperus_alternifolius_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Cyperus_alternifolius_2.jpg/330px-Cyperus_alternifolius_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Cyperus_alternifolius_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>Madurkathi</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Madurkathi_cultivation"><span class="anchor" id="Cultivation_of_Madur_Kathi"></span>Madurkathi cultivation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurkathi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Madurkathi cultivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The raw material used to make <i>madur</i> mats is a <a href="/wiki/Cyperaceae" title="Cyperaceae">sedge</a> of the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Cyperus" title="Cyperus">Cyperus</a></i>: <i>Cyperus pangorei</i> (formerly <i>Cyperus tegetum</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Properties_of_mat_sedge_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Properties_of_mat_sedge-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Known locally as madurkathi, it grows on marshy land, thriving in southern and eastern India including in the area of Medinipur.<sup id="cite_ref-Jana_&_Puste_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jana_&_Puste-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The frequent flooding around Medinipur makes many areas unsuitable for crop cultivation. Grass, sedges and reeds provide a viable alternative for the region's farmers. As a result, cultivation of madurkathi grass and the weaving of Madur mats has become an important part of the local household economy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mat_production"><span class="anchor" id="Details_Mat_weaving"></span>Mat production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurkathi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mat production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weaving">Weaving</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurkathi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Weaving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:312px;max-width:312px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:173px;max-width:173px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:133px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Babool_(Acacia_nilotica)_trunk_at_Hodal_W_IMG_1252.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Babool_%28Acacia_nilotica%29_trunk_at_Hodal_W_IMG_1252.jpg/171px-Babool_%28Acacia_nilotica%29_trunk_at_Hodal_W_IMG_1252.jpg" decoding="async" width="171" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Babool_%28Acacia_nilotica%29_trunk_at_Hodal_W_IMG_1252.jpg/257px-Babool_%28Acacia_nilotica%29_trunk_at_Hodal_W_IMG_1252.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Babool_%28Acacia_nilotica%29_trunk_at_Hodal_W_IMG_1252.jpg/342px-Babool_%28Acacia_nilotica%29_trunk_at_Hodal_W_IMG_1252.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="548" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Vachellia_nilotica" title="Vachellia nilotica">Babla tree</a> bark</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:135px;max-width:135px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:133px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Harra_(Terminalia_chebula)_hanging_fruit_at_23_Mile,_Duars,_WB_W_IMG_5902.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Harra_%28Terminalia_chebula%29_hanging_fruit_at_23_Mile%2C_Duars%2C_WB_W_IMG_5902.jpg/133px-Harra_%28Terminalia_chebula%29_hanging_fruit_at_23_Mile%2C_Duars%2C_WB_W_IMG_5902.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Harra_%28Terminalia_chebula%29_hanging_fruit_at_23_Mile%2C_Duars%2C_WB_W_IMG_5902.jpg/200px-Harra_%28Terminalia_chebula%29_hanging_fruit_at_23_Mile%2C_Duars%2C_WB_W_IMG_5902.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Harra_%28Terminalia_chebula%29_hanging_fruit_at_23_Mile%2C_Duars%2C_WB_W_IMG_5902.jpg/266px-Harra_%28Terminalia_chebula%29_hanging_fruit_at_23_Mile%2C_Duars%2C_WB_W_IMG_5902.jpg 2x" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Terminalia_chebula" title="Terminalia chebula">Haritaki fruit</a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Babla fruit and bark and haritaki fruit produce black dye</div></div></div></div> <p>The <i>ekh-rokha madur</i> is the simplest of the three types of mat (<i>ekh-rokha</i>, <i>do-rokha</i>, and <i>masland</i>). It is produced on a simple bamboo-frame loom, using cotton thread as the warp and single reeds as the weft. The <i>du-rokha</i> is more complex, with a double-reed weft, and requires greater skill to produce. <i>Masland</i> mats are the finest products, requiring the greatest accuracy and experience to weave.<sup id="cite_ref-Jana_&_Puste_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jana_&_Puste-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Masland</i> mats are made with superior quality madurkathi. At least two people are required to weave these mats. One person places the reeds from left to right, alternately laying one thread on top and the next underneath. The second person repeats this from right to left. When they reach the edge, the threads are turned and the process is continued. The <i>masland</i> mat weaving process is very similar to the technique used to weave <a href="/wiki/Sari" title="Sari">saris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Naturally_Bengal_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Naturally_Bengal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Popular <i>masland</i> mat designs include flowers, <a href="/wiki/Honeycomb" title="Honeycomb">honeycomb</a> patterns (<i>mouchak</i>), rhomboidal motifs (<i>barfi</i>), and <i>jharna</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Naturally_Bengal_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Naturally_Bengal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colouring">Colouring</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurkathi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Colouring"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:312px;max-width:312px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:155px;max-width:155px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:102px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Urucum_(bixa_orellana)_seeds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Urucum_%28bixa_orellana%29_seeds.jpg/153px-Urucum_%28bixa_orellana%29_seeds.jpg" decoding="async" width="153" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Urucum_%28bixa_orellana%29_seeds.jpg/230px-Urucum_%28bixa_orellana%29_seeds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Urucum_%28bixa_orellana%29_seeds.jpg/306px-Urucum_%28bixa_orellana%29_seeds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Seeds for red pigment</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:153px;max-width:153px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:102px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bixa_orellana_with_fruits_in_Hyderabad,_AP_W_IMG_1456.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bixa_orellana_with_fruits_in_Hyderabad%2C_AP_W_IMG_1456.jpg/151px-Bixa_orellana_with_fruits_in_Hyderabad%2C_AP_W_IMG_1456.jpg" decoding="async" width="151" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bixa_orellana_with_fruits_in_Hyderabad%2C_AP_W_IMG_1456.jpg/227px-Bixa_orellana_with_fruits_in_Hyderabad%2C_AP_W_IMG_1456.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Bixa_orellana_with_fruits_in_Hyderabad%2C_AP_W_IMG_1456.jpg/302px-Bixa_orellana_with_fruits_in_Hyderabad%2C_AP_W_IMG_1456.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="542" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Rang gach (annatto) tree</div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Reddish dye is made from the <i>rang gach</i> (<i>Bixa orellana</i>)</div></div></div></div> <p>The natural colouring of the reeds is used to weave geometric designs, creating a subtle pattern in the finished mat. Madurs are traditionally made using vegetable dyes only. Naturally sourced maroon or black vegetable dyes may be used for further decoration on mat borders. </p><p>Black dye is produced using haritaki fruit (<i><a href="/wiki/Terminalia_chebula" title="Terminalia chebula">Terminalia chebula</a></i>), and the fruit and bark of the babla tree (<i><a href="/wiki/Vachellia_nilotica" title="Vachellia nilotica">Vachellia nilotica</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Naturally_Bengal_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Naturally_Bengal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reddish dye is made from the seeds of the Achiote, or annatto tree (<i><a href="/wiki/Bixa_orellana" title="Bixa orellana">Bixa orellana</a></i>), native to Latin America but introduced to India by trade in the 16th and 17th centuries and cultivated mainly as a source of dye.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In West Bengal, the tree is known as <i>rang gach</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Naturally_Bengal_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Naturally_Bengal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before dyeing, mat sticks are tightly bound with palm leaves at the places where natural colour will be retained. The bundles are placed in containers filled with dye powder and cold water, which are then boiled. Boiling time differs according to the colour: 10 hours for black, and 24 hours for the reddish dye. The dyed mat sticks are sun-dried before being used for weaving.<sup id="cite_ref-Naturally_Bengal_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Naturally_Bengal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madurkathi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Jana_&_Puste-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jana_&_Puste_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jana_&_Puste_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jana_&_Puste_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jana_&_Puste_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jana_&_Puste_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jana_&_Puste_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jana_&_Puste_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jana_&_Puste_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jana_&_Puste_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jana_&_Puste_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jana_&_Puste_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jana_&_Puste_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jana_&_Puste_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJanaPuste2014" class="citation journal cs1">Jana, Kalyan; 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CAB International. 30 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.asiantextilestudies.com&rft.atitle=Invasive+Species+Compendium+Datasheet+Bixa+Orellana+%28annatto%29&rft.date=2019-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cabi.org%2Fisc%2Fdatasheet%2F9242%23C19AC032-9D96-488E-BE68-7972662568B4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMadurkathi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Geographical_indications_in_West_Bengal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Geographical indications in West Bengal (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Geographical_indications_in_West_Bengal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Geographical indications in West Bengal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geographical_indications_in_West_Bengal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_geographical_indications_in_India" title="List of geographical indications in India">Geographical indications in West Bengal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agricultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darjeeling_tea" title="Darjeeling tea">Darjeeling tea</a> (2004)</li> <li>Malda <a href="/wiki/Lakshmanbhog" title="Lakshmanbhog">Laxman Bhog</a> mango (2008)</li> <li>Malda Khirsapati (<a href="/wiki/Himsagar" title="Himsagar">Himsagar</a>) mango (2008)</li> <li>Malda <a href="/wiki/Fazli_(mango)" title="Fazli (mango)">Fazli mango</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobindobhog" title="Gobindobhog">Gobindobhog Rice</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulaipanji" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulaipanji">Tulapanji Rice</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalle_Khursani" title="Dalle Khursani">Dalle Khursani</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalonunia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalonunia">Kalonunia Rice</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Food stuff</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaynagarer_Moa" title="Jaynagarer Moa">Joynagar Moa</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitabhog" title="Sitabhog">Bardhaman Sitabhog</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihidana" title="Mihidana">Bardhaman Mihidana</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banglar_Rasogolla" class="mw-redirect" title="Banglar Rasogolla">Banglar Rasogolla</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundarban_Honey" title="Sundarban Honey">Sundarban Honey</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Handicraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakshi_kantha" title="Nakshi kantha">Nakshi Kantha</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiniketan_Leather_Goods" title="Santiniketan Leather Goods">Santiniketan Leather Goods</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantipuri_sari" title="Shantipuri sari">Santipore saree</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baluchari_Saree" class="mw-redirect" title="Baluchari Saree">Baluchari Saree</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaniakhali_saree" title="Dhaniakhali saree">Dhaniakhali Saree</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bankura_Panchmura_Terracotta_Craft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bankura Panchmura Terracotta Craft (page does not exist)">Bankura Panchmura Terracotta Craft</a> (2018)</li> <li>Bengal <a href="/wiki/Dhokra" title="Dhokra">Dokra</a> (2018)</li> <li>Bengal <a href="/wiki/Pattachitra" title="Pattachitra">Patachitra</a> (2018)</li> <li>Purulia <a href="/wiki/Chhau_mask" title="Chhau mask">Chau Mask</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kushmandi_Mask&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kushmandi Mask (page does not exist)">Wooden Mask of Kushmandi</a> (2018)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madur kathi</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garad_saree" title="Garad saree">Garad saree</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korial_Saree" title="Korial Saree">Korial saree</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangail_saree_(West_Bengal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tangail saree (West Bengal)">Tangail saree</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslin" title="Muslin">Banglar Muslin</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="x30px&#124;Culture_of_West_Bengal_Culture_of_West_Bengal" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_West_Bengal" title="Template:Culture of West Bengal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_West_Bengal" title="Template talk:Culture of West Bengal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_West_Bengal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of West Bengal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="x30px&#124;Culture_of_West_Bengal_Culture_of_West_Bengal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jor_Bangla_Temple_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Culture of West Bengal"><img alt="Culture of West Bengal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Jor_Bangla_Temple_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG/37px-Jor_Bangla_Temple_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG" decoding="async" width="37" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Jor_Bangla_Temple_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG/55px-Jor_Bangla_Temple_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Jor_Bangla_Temple_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG/73px-Jor_Bangla_Temple_Arnab_Dutta_2011.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1554" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_West_Bengal" title="Culture of West Bengal">Culture of West Bengal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cuisine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baingan_bharta" title="Baingan bharta">Baingan bharta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bori_(food)" title="Bori (food)">Bori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gohona_Bori" title="Gohona Bori">Gohona Bori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chingri_malai_curry" title="Chingri malai curry">Chingri malai curry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kheer_(Bengali_sweets)" title="Kheer (Bengali sweets)">Kheer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khichdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Khichdi">Khichuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machh_bhaja" title="Machh bhaja">Machh bhaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machher_Jhol" title="Machher Jhol">Machher Jhol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishti_doi" title="Mishti doi">Mishti doi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabadwip-er_lal_doi" title="Nabadwip-er lal doi">Nabadwip-er lal doi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitha" title="Pitha">Pithe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasgulla" title="Rasgulla">Rasogolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandesh_(confectionery)" title="Sandesh (confectionery)">Sandesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorshe_Ilish" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorshe Ilish">Sorshe Ilish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abar_Khabo" title="Abar Khabo">Abar Khabo</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80_%E0%A7%A7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80_%E0%A7%A7.jpg/100px-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80_%E0%A7%A7.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80_%E0%A7%A7.jpg/150px-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80_%E0%A7%A7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80_%E0%A7%A7.jpg/200px-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80_%E0%A7%A7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="5152" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_dance" title="Indian classical dance">Classical dance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Nritya" title="Gaudiya Nritya">Gaudiya Nritya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabindra_Nritya_Natya" title="Rabindra Nritya Natya">Rabindra Nritya Natya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_dance_forms_of_West_Bengal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folk dance forms of West Bengal (page does not exist)">Folk dance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkap" title="Alkap">Alkap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brita_dance" title="Brita dance">Brita dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhau_dance" title="Chhau dance">Chhau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhamail" title="Dhamail">Dhamail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhunuchi_Nritya" title="Dhunuchi Nritya">Dhunuchi Nritya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domni" title="Domni">Domni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gombhira" title="Gombhira">Gombhira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalikapatadi" title="Kalikapatadi">Kalikapatadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushan_dance" title="Kushan dance">Kushan dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raibenshe" title="Raibenshe">Raibenshe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tusu_dance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tusu dance (page does not exist)">Tusu dance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_West_Bengal" title="Music of West Bengal">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Cultural songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agamani-Vijaya" title="Agamani-Vijaya">Agamani-Vijaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atulprasadi_Sangeet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atulprasadi Sangeet (page does not exist)">Atulprasadi Sangeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishnupur_Gharana" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishnupur Gharana">Bishnupur Gharana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwijendrageeti" title="Dwijendrageeti">Dwijendrageeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazrul_Geeti" title="Nazrul Geeti">Nazrul Geeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabhat_Samgiita" title="Prabhat Samgiita">Prabhat Samgiita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabindra_Sangeet" title="Rabindra Sangeet">Rabindra Sangeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyama_Sangeet" title="Shyama Sangeet">Shyama Sangeet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folk_song_forms_of_West_Bengal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folk song forms of West Bengal (page does not exist)">Folk songs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baromasya_Song&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baromasya Song (page does not exist)">Baromasya Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baul" title="Baul">Baul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhadu_Song&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhadu Song (page does not exist)">Bhadu Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatiali" title="Bhatiali">Bhatiali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhawaiya" title="Bhawaiya">Bhawaiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolan_Song&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bolan Song (page does not exist)">Bolan Song</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghatu_Song&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghatu Song (page does not exist)">Ghatu Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gombhira" title="Gombhira">Gombhira</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hapu_song&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hapu song (page does not exist)">Hapu song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">Kirtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patua_Sangeet" title="Patua Sangeet">Patua Sangeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shreekrishna_Kirtana" title="Shreekrishna Kirtana">Shreekrishna Kirtana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tusu_Song&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tusu Song (page does not exist)">Tusu Song</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Handlooms and<br />handicrafts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Handloom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baluchari_Sari" class="mw-redirect" title="Baluchari Sari">Baluchari Sari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakshi_kantha" title="Nakshi kantha">Nakshi kantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kantha" title="Kantha">Kantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tant_sari" title="Tant sari">Tant sari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangail_Saree_(West_Bengal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tangail Saree (West Bengal)">Tangail Saree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Handicrafts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bankura_horse" title="Bankura horse">Bankura horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhau_Mask" class="mw-redirect" title="Chhau Mask">Chhau Mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhokra" title="Dhokra">Dhokra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiniketan_Leather_Goods" title="Santiniketan Leather Goods">Santiniketan Leather Goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shital_Pati" title="Shital Pati">Shital Pati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wooden_dolls,_Natungram" title="Wooden dolls, Natungram">Wooden dolls</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madurkathi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observations<br />and <a href="/wiki/Festivals_of_West_Bengal" class="mw-redirect" title="Festivals of West Bengal">festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darjeeling_Carnival" title="Darjeeling Carnival">Darjeeling Carnival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharmathakur" title="Dharmathakur">Dharmathakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dola_Yatra" class="mw-redirect" title="Dola Yatra">Dola jatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja_Carnival" title="Durga Puja Carnival">Durga Puja Carnival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guptipara_Rathayatra" title="Guptipara Rathayatra">Guptipara Rathayatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagaddhatri" title="Jagaddhatri">Jagaddhatri Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joydeb-Kenduli_Mela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joydeb-Kenduli Mela (page does not exist)">Joydeb-Kenduli Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_Puja" title="Kali Puja">Kali Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_Puja" title="Lakshmi Puja">Lakshmi Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahishadal_Rathayatra" title="Mahishadal Rathayatra">Mahishadal Rathayatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobanno" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobanno">Nobanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahela_Baishakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahela Baishakh">Poila Boishakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poush_Mela" title="Poush Mela">Poush Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rathayatra" class="mw-redirect" title="Rathayatra">Rathayatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rathayatra_of_Mahesh" title="Rathayatra of Mahesh">Rathayatra of Mahesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakta_Rash" title="Shakta Rash">Shakta Rash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindur_Khela" title="Sindur Khela">Sindur Khela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arts_of_West_Bengal" title="Arts of West Bengal">Arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpona" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpona">Alpona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankura_horse" title="Bankura horse">Bankura horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasa_chali" title="Manasa chali">Manasa chali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalchitra" title="Chalchitra">Chalchitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashabatar_Cards" title="Dashabatar Cards">Dashabatar Cards</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durga_pot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durga pot (page does not exist)">Durga pot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalighat_Painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalighat Painting">Kalighat Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattachitra" title="Pattachitra">Patachitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sholapith" title="Sholapith">Sholapith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terracotta" title="Terracotta">Terracotta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barowari" title="Barowari">Barowari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendars" title="Bengali calendars">Bônggabdô</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakshin_Rai" title="Dakshin 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