CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Walking - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"20298997-51fc-4b18-9a42-1ec0069d9fb2","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Walking","wgTitle":"Walking","wgCurRevisionId":1258740219,"wgRevisionId":1258740219,"wgArticleId":33509,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: location missing publisher","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from July 2015","Articles needing additional references from September 2009","All articles needing additional references","Wikipedia articles in need of updating from July 2018","All Wikipedia articles in need of updating","Articles with multiple maintenance issues", "Articles with unsourced statements from July 2018","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Articles containing video clips","Walking","Hiking","Private transport"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Walking","wgRelevantArticleId":33509,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true, "wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q6537379","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init": "ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/CGI_Human_Walk.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="563"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/CGI_Human_Walk.jpg/800px-CGI_Human_Walk.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="375"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/CGI_Human_Walk.jpg/640px-CGI_Human_Walk.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="300"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Walking - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walking"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walking"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Walking rootpage-Walking skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Walking" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Walking" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Walking" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Walking" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Difference_from_running" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Difference_from_running"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Difference from running</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Difference_from_running-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_benefits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_benefits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Health benefits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_benefits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Origins-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Origins subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hominin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hominin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Hominin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hominin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biomechanics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biomechanics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Biomechanics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biomechanics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leisure_activity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leisure_activity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Leisure activity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Leisure_activity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Leisure activity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Leisure_activity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rambling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rambling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Rambling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rambling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Walkability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Walkability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Walkability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Walkability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_robotics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_robotics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>In robotics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_robotics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mathematical_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mathematical_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Mathematical models</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mathematical_models-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mathematical models subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mathematical_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rule-based_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rule-based_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Rule-based models</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rule-based_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coupled_oscillator_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coupled_oscillator_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Coupled oscillator models</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coupled_oscillator_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Control_based_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Control_based_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Control based models</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Control_based_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statistical_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statistical_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Statistical models</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statistical_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Animals</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Animals-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Animals subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Horses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Horses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Horses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Horses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elephants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elephants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Elephants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elephants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Walking_fish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Walking_fish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Walking fish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Walking_fish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Insects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Insects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Insects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Insects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Walking</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop" title="Loop – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Loop" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%8A" title="مشي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مشي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piyada_g%C9%99zm%C9%99k" title="Piyada gəzmək – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Piyada gəzmək" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE" title="হাঁটা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হাঁটা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C3%A2%E2%81%BF-l%C5%8D%CD%98" title="Kiâⁿ-lō͘ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kiâⁿ-lō͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paglakaw" title="Paglakaw – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Paglakaw" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Ходене – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ходене" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerzhout" title="Kerzhout – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kerzhout" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxa" title="Marxa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Marxa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D1%83%D1%82%C4%83%D0%B2%C4%95" title="Этем утăвĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Этем утăвĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paglakaw" title="Paglakaw – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Paglakaw" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%AFze" title="Chůze – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chůze" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kufamba" title="Kufamba – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kufamba" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerdded" title="Cerdded – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cerdded" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gehen" title="Gehen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gehen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4imine" title="Käimine – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Käimine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Περπάτημα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περπάτημα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%9Do" title="Paŝo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Paŝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C" title="پیاده‌روی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیاده‌روی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marche_%C3%A0_pied" title="Marche à pied – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Marche à pied" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinnen" title="Rinnen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Rinnen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coiseachd" title="Coiseachd – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Coiseachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B1%B7%EA%B8%B0" title="걷기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="걷기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="चलना – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चलना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berjalan" title="Berjalan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Berjalan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganga" title="Ganga – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ganga" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deambulazione" title="Deambulazione – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Deambulazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D" title="הליכת בני אדם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הליכת בני אדם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%86" title="ಕಾಲ್ನಡಿಗೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾಲ್ನಡಿಗೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mache_ak_pye" title="Mache ak pye – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mache ak pye" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="നടത്തം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നടത്തം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%87" title="चालणे – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चालणे" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berjalan" title="Berjalan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Berjalan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C3%A0ng-di%C3%B4" title="Giàng-diô – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Giàng-diô" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="လမ်းလျှောက်ခြင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လမ်းလျှောက်ခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lopen" title="Lopen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lopen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A9%E8%A1%8C" title="歩行 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="歩行" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonge" title="Gonge – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gonge" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha" title="Marcha – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Marcha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%81%D9%84_%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%DB%8C" title="چہل قدمی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چہل قدمی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ходьба человека – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ходьба человека" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walk" title="Walk – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Walk" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%B4dza" title="Chôdza – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chôdza" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoja" title="Hoja – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hoja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socod" title="Socod – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Socod" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Пешачење – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пешачење" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leumpang" title="Leumpang – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Leumpang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4vely" title="Kävely – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kävely" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A5ng" title="Gång – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gång" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="நடத்தல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நடத்தல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%82" title="నడవడం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నడవడం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="การเดิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การเดิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D3%A3" title="Пиёдаравӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Пиёдаравӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%BCr%C3%BCme" title="Yürüme – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yürüme" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Хода людини – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хода людини" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%81%D9%84_%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%DB%8C" title="چہل قدمی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چہل قدمی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i_b%E1%BB%99" title="Đi bộ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đi bộ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%92" title="趒 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="趒" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="גיין – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גיין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E8%B7%AF" title="行路 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="行路" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A5%E8%A1%8C" title="步行 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="步行" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6537379#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Walking" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Walking" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Walking"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Walking"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Walking" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Walking" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&oldid=1258740219" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Walking&id=1258740219&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWalking"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWalking"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Walking&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Walking" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Walking" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6537379" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Gait of locomotion among legged animals</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the mode of transportation. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Walking_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Walking (disambiguation)">Walking (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Walk" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Walk_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Walk (disambiguation)">Walk (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CGI_Human_Walk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/CGI_Human_Walk.jpg/220px-CGI_Human_Walk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/CGI_Human_Walk.jpg/330px-CGI_Human_Walk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/CGI_Human_Walk.jpg/440px-CGI_Human_Walk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="866" data-file-height="406" /></a><figcaption>Computer simulation of a human walk cycle. In this model the head keeps the same level at all times, whereas the hip follows a sine curve.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Walking</b> (also known as <b>ambulation</b>) is one of the main <a href="/wiki/Gait" title="Gait">gaits</a> of <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_locomotion" title="Terrestrial locomotion">terrestrial locomotion</a> among legged animals. Walking is typically slower than <a href="/wiki/Running" title="Running">running</a> and other gaits. Walking is defined as an "<a href="/wiki/Inverted_pendulum" title="Inverted pendulum">inverted pendulum</a>" gait in which the body vaults over the stiff limb or limbs with each step. This applies regardless of the usable number of limbs—even <a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">arthropods</a>, with six, eight, or more limbs, walk.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In humans, walking has health benefits including improved <a href="/wiki/Mental_health" title="Mental health">mental health</a> and reduced risk of <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">cardiovascular disease</a> and death. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Difference_from_running">Difference from running</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Difference from running"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Running" title="Running">Running</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Jogging" title="Jogging">Jogging</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1987WorldCupTrials.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/1987WorldCupTrials.jpg/220px-1987WorldCupTrials.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/1987WorldCupTrials.jpg/330px-1987WorldCupTrials.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/1987WorldCupTrials.jpg 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="305" /></a><figcaption>Racewalkers at the World Cup Trials in 1987</figcaption></figure> <p>The word <i>walk</i> is descended from the <a href="/wiki/Old_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old English language">Old English</a> <i>wealcan</i> 'to roll'. In <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">humans</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Biped" class="mw-redirect" title="Biped">bipeds</a>, walking is generally distinguished from <a href="/wiki/Running" title="Running">running</a> in that only one foot at a time leaves contact with the ground and there is a period of double-support. In contrast, running begins when both feet are off the ground with each step. This distinction has the status of a formal requirement in <a href="/wiki/Racewalking" title="Racewalking">competitive walking</a> events. For <a href="/wiki/Quadruped" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadruped">quadrupedal</a> species, there are numerous <a href="/wiki/Gait" title="Gait">gaits</a> which may be termed walking or running, and distinctions based upon the presence or absence of a suspended phase or the number of feet in contact any time do not yield mechanically correct classification.<sup id="cite_ref-Bie_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bie-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most effective method to distinguish walking from <a href="/wiki/Running" title="Running">running</a> is to measure the height of a person's <a href="/wiki/Centre_of_mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre of mass">centre of mass</a> using <a href="/wiki/Motion_capture" title="Motion capture">motion capture</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Force_plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Force plate">force plate</a> at mid-stance. During walking, the centre of mass reaches a maximum height at mid-stance, while running, it is then at a minimum. This distinction, however, only holds true for locomotion over level or approximately level ground. For walking up grades above 10%, this distinction no longer holds for some individuals. Definitions based on the percentage of the stride during which a foot is in contact with the ground (averaged across all feet) of greater than 50% contact corresponds well with identification of 'inverted pendulum' mechanics and are indicative of walking for animals with any number of limbs, however this definition is incomplete.<sup id="cite_ref-Bie_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bie-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Running humans and animals may have contact periods greater than 50% of a gait cycle when rounding corners, running uphill or carrying loads. </p><p>Speed is another factor that distinguishes walking from running. Although walking speeds can vary greatly depending on many factors such as height, weight, age, terrain, surface, load, culture, effort, and fitness, the average human <a href="/wiki/Preferred_Walking_Speed" class="mw-redirect" title="Preferred Walking Speed">walking speed</a> at crosswalks is about 5.0 kilometres per hour (km/h), or about 1.4 meters per second (m/s), or about 3.1 miles per hour (mph). Specific studies have found <a href="/wiki/Pedestrian" title="Pedestrian">pedestrian</a> walking speeds at crosswalks ranging from 4.51 to 4.75 km/h (2.80 to 2.95 mph) for older individuals and from 5.32 to 5.43 km/h (3.31 to 3.37 mph) for younger individuals;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a brisk walking speed can be around 6.5 km/h (4.0 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Japan, the standard measure for walking speed is 80 m/min (4.8 km/h). Champion <a href="/wiki/Racewalking" title="Racewalking">racewalkers</a> can average more than 14 km/h (8.7 mph) over a distance of 20 km (12 mi). </p><p>An average human child achieves independent walking ability at around 11 months old.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_benefits">Health benefits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Health benefits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Physical_exercise#Benefits" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical exercise">Physical exercise</a></div> <p>Regular, brisk <a href="/wiki/Exercise" title="Exercise">exercise</a> can improve <a href="/wiki/Confidence" title="Confidence">confidence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Endurance" title="Endurance">stamina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">energy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weight_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Weight control">weight control</a> and may reduce <a href="/wiki/Chronic_stress" title="Chronic stress">stress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-references_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-references-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scientific studies have also shown that walking may be beneficial for the mind, improving <a href="/wiki/Memory" title="Memory">memory</a> skills, <a href="/wiki/Learning" title="Learning">learning</a> ability, <a href="/wiki/Attentional_control" title="Attentional control">concentration</a>, mood, creativity, and abstract reasoning.<sup id="cite_ref-references_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-references-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sustained walking sessions for a minimum period of thirty to sixty minutes a day, five days a week, with the correct walking posture may improve health.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a>'s fact sheet on the "Relationship of Walking to Mortality Among U.S. Adults with Diabetes" states that those with diabetes who walked for two or more hours a week lowered their mortality rate from all causes by 39 percent. Women who took 4,500 steps to 7,500 steps a day seemed to have fewer premature deaths compared to those who only took 2,700 steps a day.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Walking lengthened the life of people with diabetes regardless of age, sex, race, body mass index, length of time since diagnosis and presence of complications or functional limitations."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One limited study found preliminary evidence of a relationship between the speed of walking and health, and that the best results are obtained with a speed of more than 2.5 mph (4.0 km/h).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2023 study by the <i><a href="/wiki/European_Journal_of_Preventive_Cardiology" title="European Journal of Preventive Cardiology">European Journal of Preventive Cardiology</a></i>, the largest study to date, found that walking at least 2,337 steps a day reduced the risk of dying from <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">cardiovascular diseases</a>, and that 3,967 steps a day reduced the risk of dying from any cause. Benefits continued to increase with more steps.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> James Leiper, associate medical director at the <a href="/wiki/British_Heart_Foundation" title="British Heart Foundation">British Heart Foundation</a>, said that if the benefits of walking could be sold as a medicine "we would be hailing it as a wonder drug".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gait-of-healthy-Hamster.ogv/220px--Gait-of-healthy-Hamster.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="68" data-durationhint="57" data-mwtitle="Gait-of-healthy-Hamster.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Gait-of-healthy-Hamster.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Gait-of-healthy-Hamster.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="632" data-height="196" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/Gait-of-healthy-Hamster.ogv/Gait-of-healthy-Hamster.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="632" data-height="196" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/Gait-of-healthy-Hamster.ogv/Gait-of-healthy-Hamster.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="80" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/Gait-of-healthy-Hamster.ogv/Gait-of-healthy-Hamster.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="132" /></video></span><figcaption>A walking hamster</figcaption></figure> <p>It is theorized that "walking" among <a href="/wiki/Tetrapods" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrapods">tetrapods</a> originated underwater with air-breathing fish that could "walk" underwater, giving rise (potentially with vertebrates like <i><a href="/wiki/Tiktaalik" title="Tiktaalik">Tiktaalik</a></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the plethora of land-dwelling life that walk on four or two limbs.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While terrestrial <a href="/wiki/Tetrapods" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrapods">tetrapods</a> are theorised to have a single origin, <a href="/wiki/Arthropods" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthropods">arthropods</a> and their relatives are thought to have independently evolved walking several times, specifically in <a href="/wiki/Hexapoda" title="Hexapoda">hexapods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myriapods" class="mw-redirect" title="Myriapods">myriapods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chelicerates" class="mw-redirect" title="Chelicerates">chelicerates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tardigrades" class="mw-redirect" title="Tardigrades">tardigrades</a>, <a href="/wiki/Onychophorans" class="mw-redirect" title="Onychophorans">onychophorans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Crustaceans" class="mw-redirect" title="Crustaceans">crustaceans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Little_skate" title="Little skate">Little skates</a>, members of the <a href="/wiki/Demersal" class="mw-redirect" title="Demersal">demersal</a> fish community, can propel themselves by pushing off the ocean floor with their pelvic fins, using neural mechanisms which evolved as early as 420 million years ago, before vertebrates set foot on land.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hominin">Hominin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hominin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Data in the fossil record indicate that among hominin ancestors, bipedal walking was one of the first defining characteristics to emerge, predating other defining characteristics of <i><a href="/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae">Hominidae</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Judging from footprints discovered on a former shore in Kenya, it is thought possible that ancestors of modern humans were walking in ways very similar to the present activity as long as 3 million years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, the walking gait of humans is unique and differs significantly from <a href="/wiki/Bipedalism" title="Bipedalism">bipedal</a> or <a href="/wiki/Quadrupedalism" title="Quadrupedalism">quadrupedal</a> walking gaits of other primates, like chimpanzees. It is believed to have been selectively advantageous in hominin ancestors in the <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a> due to metabolic <a href="/wiki/Efficient_energy_use" title="Efficient energy use">energy efficiency</a>. Human walking has been found to be slightly more energy efficient than travel for a quadrupedal <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammal</a> of a similar size, like chimpanzees.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The energy efficiency of human locomotion can be accounted for by the reduced use of muscle in walking, due to an upright posture which places ground reaction forces at the hip and knee.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When walking bipedally, chimpanzees take a crouched stance with bent knees and hips, forcing the <a href="/wiki/Quadriceps" title="Quadriceps">quadriceps</a> muscles to perform extra work, which costs more energy.<sup id="cite_ref-:23_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Comparing chimpanzee quadrupedal travel to that of true quadrupedal animals has indicated that chimpanzees expend one-hundred and fifty percent of the energy required for travel compared to true quadrupeds. </p><p>In 2007, a study further explored the origin of human <a href="/wiki/Bipedalism" title="Bipedalism">bipedalism</a>, using chimpanzee and human energetic costs of locomotion.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They found that the energy spent in moving the human body is less than what would be expected for an animal of similar size and approximately seventy-five percent less costly than that of chimpanzees. Chimpanzee quadrupedal and bipedal energy costs are found to be relatively equal, with chimpanzee bipedalism costing roughly ten percent more than quadrupedal. The same 2007 study found that among chimpanzee individuals, the energy costs for bipedal and quadrupedal walking varied significantly, and those that flexed their knees and hips to a greater degree and took a more upright posture, closer to that of humans, were able to save more energy than chimpanzees that did not take this stance. Further, compared to other apes, humans have longer legs and short dorsally oriented ischia (hipbone), which result in longer hamstring extensor moments, improving walking energy economy.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:13_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Longer legs also support lengthened <a href="/wiki/Achilles_tendon" title="Achilles tendon">Achilles tendons</a> which are thought to increase energy efficiency in bipedal locomotor activities.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was thought that hominins like <i><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus_ramidus" title="Ardipithecus ramidus">Ardipithecus ramidus</a>,</i> which had a variety of both terrestrial and arboreal adaptions would not be as efficient walkers, however, with a small body mass <i>A. ramidus</i> had developed an energy efficient means of bipedal walking while still maintaining arboreal adaptations.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humans have long <a href="/wiki/Femoral_neck" title="Femoral neck">femoral necks</a>, meaning that while walking, hip muscles do not require as much energy to flex while moving.<sup id="cite_ref-:23_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These slight <a href="/wiki/Kinematics" title="Kinematics">kinematic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">anatomic</a> differences demonstrate how bipedal walking may have developed as the dominant means of locomotion among early hominins because of the energy saved.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nordic_Walkers_near_Ilkley_020.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Nordic_Walkers_near_Ilkley_020.JPG/220px-Nordic_Walkers_near_Ilkley_020.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Nordic_Walkers_near_Ilkley_020.JPG/330px-Nordic_Walkers_near_Ilkley_020.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Nordic_Walkers_near_Ilkley_020.JPG/440px-Nordic_Walkers_near_Ilkley_020.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1810" data-file-height="1180" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nordic_walking" title="Nordic walking">Nordic walkers</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scrambling" title="Scrambling">Scrambling</a> is a method of ascending a hill or mountain that involves using both hands, because of the steepness of the terrain.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of necessity, it will be a slow and careful form of walking and with possibly of occasional brief, easy <a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">rock climbing</a>. Some scrambling takes place on narrow exposed ridges where more attention to balance will be required than in normal walking.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_shoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Snow shoe">Snow shoeing</a> – Snowshoes are footwear for walking over the snow. Snowshoes work by distributing the weight of the person over a larger area so that the person's foot does not sink completely into the snow, a quality called "flotation". It is often said by snowshoers that if you can walk, you can snowshoe. This is true in optimal conditions, but snowshoeing properly requires some slight adjustments to walking. The method of walking is to lift the shoes slightly and slide the inner edges over each other, thus avoiding the unnatural and fatiguing "straddle-gait" that would otherwise be necessary. A snowshoer must be willing to roll his or her feet slightly as well. An exaggerated stride works best when starting out, particularly with larger or traditional shoes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-country_skiing" title="Cross-country skiing">Cross-country skiing</a> – originally conceived like snow shoes as a means of travel in deep snow. Trails hiked in the summer are often skied in the winter and the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Trekking_Association" title="Norwegian Trekking Association">Norwegian Trekking Association</a> maintains over 400 huts stretching across thousands of kilometres of trails which hikers can use in the summer and skiers in the winter.<sup id="cite_ref-volken_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-volken-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Beach walking is a sport that is based on a walk on the sand of the <a href="/wiki/Beach" title="Beach">beach</a>. Beach walking can be developed on compact sand or non-compact sand. There are beach walking competitions on non-compact sand, and there are world records of beach walking on non-compact sand in Multiday distances. Beach walking has a specific technique of walk.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wdomenada2003b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Wdomenada2003b.jpg/220px-Wdomenada2003b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Wdomenada2003b.jpg/330px-Wdomenada2003b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Wdomenada2003b.jpg/440px-Wdomenada2003b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="645" data-file-height="395" /></a><figcaption>Free heels are a defining characteristic of ski touring</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_walking" title="Nordic walking">Nordic walking</a> is a physical activity and a sport, which is performed with specially designed <a href="/wiki/Walking_pole" class="mw-redirect" title="Walking pole">walking poles</a> similar to <a href="/wiki/Ski_pole" title="Ski pole">ski poles</a>. Compared to regular walking, Nordic walking (also called pole walking) involves applying force to the poles with each stride. Nordic walkers use more of their entire body (with greater intensity) and receive fitness building stimulation not present in normal walking for the chest, lats, triceps, biceps, shoulder, abdominals, spinal and other core muscles that may result in significant increases in heart rate at a given pace.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nordic walking has been estimated as producing up to a 46% increase in energy consumption, compared to walking without poles.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedestrianism" title="Pedestrianism">Pedestrianism</a> is a sport that developed during the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and was a popular spectator sport in the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a>. By the end of the 18th century, and especially with the growth of the popular press, feats of foot travel over great distances (similar to a modern <a href="/wiki/Ultramarathon" title="Ultramarathon">ultramarathon</a>) gained attention, and were labeled "pedestrianism". Interest in the sport, and the wagering which accompanied it, spread to the United States, Canada, and Australia in the 19th century. By the end of the 19th century, Pedestrianism was largely displaced by the rise in modern <a href="/wiki/Spectator_sport" title="Spectator sport">spectator sports</a> and by controversy involving rules, which limited its appeal as a source of wagering and led to its inclusion in the amateur athletics movement. Pedestrianism was first codified in the last half of the 19th century, evolving into what would become <a href="/wiki/Racewalking" title="Racewalking">racewalking</a>, By the mid 19th century, competitors were often expected to extend their legs straight at least once in their stride, and obey what was called the "fair heel and toe" rule. This rule, the source of modern racewalking, was a vague commandment that the toe of one foot could not leave the ground before the heel of the next foot touched down. This said, rules were customary and changed with the competition. Racers were usually allowed to jog in order to fend off cramps, and it was distance, not code, which determined gait for longer races. Newspaper reports suggest that "<a href="/wiki/Jogging" title="Jogging">trotting</a>" was common in events.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_walking" class="mw-redirect" title="Speed walking">Speed walking</a> is the general term for fast walking. Within the Speed Walking category are a variety of fast walking techniques: Power Walking, Fit Walking, etc.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_walking" title="Power walking">Power walking</a> is the act of walking with a speed at the upper end of the natural range for walking gait, typically 7 to 9 km/h (4.3 to 5.6 mph). To qualify as power walking as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Jogging" title="Jogging">jogging</a> or running, at least one foot must be in contact with the ground at all times.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racewalking" title="Racewalking">Racewalking</a> is a long-distance <a href="/wiki/Athletics_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Athletics (sport)">athletic</a> event. Although it is a foot race, it is different from <a href="/wiki/Running" title="Running">running</a> in that one foot must appear to be in contact with the ground at all times. Stride length is reduced, so to achieve competitive speeds, racewalkers must attain <a href="/wiki/Cadence_(gait)" title="Cadence (gait)">cadence</a> rates comparable to those achieved by <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a> 800-meter runners,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they must do so for hours at a time since the Olympic events are the <a href="/wiki/20_kilometers_race_walk" class="mw-redirect" title="20 kilometers race walk">20 km (12 mi) race walk</a> (men and women) and <a href="/wiki/50_kilometers_race_walk" class="mw-redirect" title="50 kilometers race walk">50 km (31 mi) race walk</a> (men only), and <a href="/wiki/50_miles_race_walk" title="50 miles race walk">50-mile (80 km)</a> events are also held. See also <b>pedestrianism</b> above.</li> <li>Afghan walking: The Afghan Walk is a rhythmic breathing technique synchronized with walking. It was born in the 1980s on the basis of the observations made by the Frenchman Édouard G. Stiegler, during his contacts with Afghan caravaners, capable of making walks of more than 60 km per day for dozens of days.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backward_walking" class="mw-redirect" title="Backward walking">Backward walking</a>: In this activity, an individual walks in reverse, facing away from their intended direction of movement. This unique form of exercise has gained popularity for its various health and fitness benefits. It requires more attention and engages different muscles than forward walking, making it a valuable addition to a fitness routine. Some potential benefits of retro walking include improved balance, enhanced coordination, strengthened leg muscles, and reduced knee stress. It is also a rehabilitation exercise for certain injuries and can be way to switch up one's workout routine.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biomechanics">Biomechanics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Biomechanics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muybridge_human_male_walking_animated.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An 1887 stop-motion of a human walking." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Muybridge_human_male_walking_animated.gif/140px-Muybridge_human_male_walking_animated.gif" decoding="async" width="140" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Muybridge_human_male_walking_animated.gif/210px-Muybridge_human_male_walking_animated.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Muybridge_human_male_walking_animated.gif/280px-Muybridge_human_male_walking_animated.gif 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="725" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eadweard_Muybridge" title="Eadweard Muybridge">Human walking cycle</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Human walking is accomplished with a strategy called the <a href="/wiki/Double_pendulum" title="Double pendulum">double pendulum</a>. During forward motion, the leg that leaves the ground swings forward from the hip. This sweep is the first pendulum. Then the leg strikes the ground with the heel and rolls through to the toe in a motion described as an inverted pendulum. The motion of the two legs is coordinated so that one foot or the other is always in contact with the ground. While walking, the muscles of the calf contract, raising the body's center of mass, while this muscle is contracted, <a href="/wiki/Potential_energy" title="Potential energy">potential energy</a> is stored. Then <a href="/wiki/Gravity" title="Gravity">gravity</a> pulls the body forward and down onto the other leg and the potential energy is then transformed into <a href="/wiki/Kinetic_energy" title="Kinetic energy">kinetic energy</a>. The process of human walking can save approximately sixty-five percent of the energy used by utilizing gravity in forward motion.<sup id="cite_ref-:23_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Walking differs from a <a href="/wiki/Running" title="Running">running</a> <a href="/wiki/Gait" title="Gait">gait</a> in a number of ways. The most obvious is that during walking one leg always stays on the ground while the other is swinging. In running there is typically a <a href="/wiki/Ballistics" title="Ballistics">ballistic</a> phase where the runner is airborne with both feet in the air (for bipedals). </p><p>Another difference concerns the movement of the <a href="/wiki/Centre_of_mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre of mass">centre of mass</a> of the body. In walking the body "vaults" over the leg on the ground, raising the centre of mass to its highest point as the leg passes the vertical, and dropping it to the lowest as the legs are spread apart. Essentially <a href="/wiki/Kinetic_energy" title="Kinetic energy">kinetic energy</a> of forward motion is constantly being traded for a rise in <a href="/wiki/Potential_energy" title="Potential energy">potential energy</a>. This is reversed in running where the centre of mass is at its lowest as the leg is vertical. This is because the impact of landing from the ballistic phase is absorbed by bending the leg and consequently storing energy in <a href="/wiki/Muscles" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscles">muscles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tendons" class="mw-redirect" title="Tendons">tendons</a>. In running there is a conversion between kinetic, potential, and <a href="/wiki/Elastic_energy" title="Elastic energy">elastic energy</a>. </p><p>There is an absolute limit on an individual's speed of walking (without special techniques such as those employed in <a href="/wiki/Speed_walking" class="mw-redirect" title="Speed walking">speed walking</a>) due to the upwards acceleration of the centre of mass during a stride – if it is greater than the acceleration due to gravity the person will become airborne as they vault over the leg on the ground. Typically, however, animals switch to a run at a lower speed than this due to energy efficiencies. </p><p>Based on the 2D inverted pendulum model of walking, there are at least five physical constraints that place fundamental limits on walking like an inverted pendulum.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These constraints are: take-off constraint, sliding constraint, fall-back constraint, steady-state constraint, high step-frequency constraint. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leisure_activity">Leisure activity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Leisure activity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Hiking" title="Hiking">Hiking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walking_tour" title="Walking tour">Walking tour</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:0_15e16_17027a85_orig.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/0_15e16_17027a85_orig.jpg/220px-0_15e16_17027a85_orig.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/0_15e16_17027a85_orig.jpg/330px-0_15e16_17027a85_orig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/0_15e16_17027a85_orig.jpg/440px-0_15e16_17027a85_orig.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1504" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Hiking with full packs</figcaption></figure> <p>Many people enjoy walking as a recreation in the mainly urban modern world, and it is one of the best forms of <a href="/wiki/Exercise" title="Exercise">exercise</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For some, walking is a way to enjoy nature and the outdoors; and for others the physical, sporting and endurance aspect is more important. </p><p>There are a variety of different kinds of walking, including <a href="/wiki/Bushwalking" class="mw-redirect" title="Bushwalking">bushwalking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Racewalking" title="Racewalking">racewalking</a>, beach walking, <a href="/wiki/Hillwalking" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillwalking">hillwalking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volksmarching" title="Volksmarching">volksmarching</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nordic_walking" title="Nordic walking">Nordic walking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trekking" class="mw-redirect" title="Trekking">trekking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dog_walking" title="Dog walking">dog walking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hiking" title="Hiking">hiking</a>. Some people prefer to walk indoors on a <a href="/wiki/Treadmill" title="Treadmill">treadmill</a>, or in a gym, and fitness walkers and others may use a <a href="/wiki/Pedometer" title="Pedometer">pedometer</a> to count their steps. Hiking is the usual word used in Canada, the United States and South Africa for long vigorous walks; similar walks are called tramps in New Zealand, or hill walking or just walking in Australia, the UK and the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republic" title="Irish Republic">Irish Republic</a>. In the UK, rambling is also used. Australians also bushwalk. In English-speaking parts of North America, the term walking is used for short walks, especially in towns and cities. <a href="/wiki/Snow_shoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Snow shoe">Snow shoeing</a> is walking in snow; a slightly different <a href="/wiki/Gait" title="Gait">gait</a> is required compared with regular walking. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In terms of tourism, the possibilities range from guided <a href="/wiki/Walking_tours" class="mw-redirect" title="Walking tours">walking tours</a> in cities, to organized <a href="/wiki/Trekking" class="mw-redirect" title="Trekking">trekking</a> holidays in the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a>. In the UK the term walking tour also refers to a multi-day walk or hike undertaken by a group or individual. Well-organized systems of trails exist in many other European counties, as well as Canada, United States, New Zealand, and <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>. Systems of lengthy <a href="/wiki/Waymark" class="mw-redirect" title="Waymark">waymarked</a> walking trails now stretch across Europe from Norway to <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, Portugal to <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many also walk the traditional <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage" title="Pilgrimage">pilgrim routes</a>, of which the most famous is El Camino de <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a>, The <a href="/wiki/Way_of_St._James" class="mw-redirect" title="Way of St. James">Way of St. James</a>. </p><p>Numerous walking festivals and other walking events take place each year in many countries. The world's largest multi-day walking event is the <a href="/wiki/International_Four_Days_Marches_Nijmegen" title="International Four Days Marches Nijmegen">International Four Days Marches Nijmegen</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. The "Vierdaagse" (Dutch for "Four day Event") is an annual walk that has taken place since 1909; it has been based at <a href="/wiki/Nijmegen" title="Nijmegen">Nijmegen</a> since 1916. Depending on age group and category, walkers have to walk 30, 40 or 50 kilometers each day for four days.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Originally a military event with a few civilians, it now is a mainly civilian event. Numbers have risen in recent years, with over 40,000 now taking part, including about 5,000 military personnel.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Due to crowds on the route, since 2004 the organizers have limited the number of participants. In the U.S., there is the annual <a href="/wiki/Labor_Day" title="Labor Day">Labor Day</a> walk on <a href="/wiki/Mackinac_Bridge" title="Mackinac Bridge">Mackinac Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, which draws over 60,000 participants; it is the largest single-day walking event;<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> while the <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay_Bridge" title="Chesapeake Bay Bridge">Chesapeake Bay Bridge</a> Walk in <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> draws over 50,000 participants each year.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> There are also various walks organised as <a href="/wiki/Charitable_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Charitable organisation">charity</a> events, with walkers sponsored for a specific cause. These walks range in length from two miles (3 km) or five km to 50 miles (80 km). The <a href="/wiki/MS_Challenge_Walk" class="mw-redirect" title="MS Challenge Walk">MS Challenge Walk</a> is an 80 km or 50-mile walk which raises money to fight <a href="/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis" title="Multiple sclerosis">multiple sclerosis</a>, while walkers in the Oxfam Trailwalker cover 100 km or 60 miles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rambling">Rambling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Rambling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Britain, <a href="/wiki/The_Ramblers" title="The Ramblers">The Ramblers</a>, a registered <a href="/wiki/Charitable_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Charitable organisation">charity</a>, is the largest organisation that looks after the interests of walkers, with some 100,000 members.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its "Get Walking Keep Walking" project provides free route guides, led walks, as well as information for people new to walking.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Long_Distance_Walkers_Association" title="Long Distance Walkers Association">Long Distance Walkers Association</a> in the UK is for the more energetic walker, and organizes lengthy challenge hikes of 20 or even 50 miles (30 to 80 km) or more in a day. The LDWA's annual "Hundred" event, entailing walking 100 miles or 160 km in 48 hours, takes place each British <a href="/wiki/Spring_Bank_Holiday" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring Bank Holiday">Spring Bank Holiday</a> weekend.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Walkability">Walkability</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Walkability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Walkability" title="Walkability">Walkability</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaucheti%C3%A8re_Street,_pedestrian_section_(take_2),_Montreal_2005-10-21.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Gaucheti%C3%A8re_Street%2C_pedestrian_section_%28take_2%29%2C_Montreal_2005-10-21.JPG/220px-Gaucheti%C3%A8re_Street%2C_pedestrian_section_%28take_2%29%2C_Montreal_2005-10-21.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Gaucheti%C3%A8re_Street%2C_pedestrian_section_%28take_2%29%2C_Montreal_2005-10-21.JPG/330px-Gaucheti%C3%A8re_Street%2C_pedestrian_section_%28take_2%29%2C_Montreal_2005-10-21.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Gaucheti%C3%A8re_Street%2C_pedestrian_section_%28take_2%29%2C_Montreal_2005-10-21.JPG/440px-Gaucheti%C3%A8re_Street%2C_pedestrian_section_%28take_2%29%2C_Montreal_2005-10-21.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Gauchetière Street, <a href="/wiki/Montreal,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal, Quebec">Montreal, Quebec</a>, Canada</figcaption></figure> <p>There has been a recent focus among <a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">urban planners</a> in some communities to create <a href="/wiki/Pedestrian-friendly" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedestrian-friendly">pedestrian-friendly</a> areas and roads, allowing <a href="/wiki/Commuting" title="Commuting">commuting</a>, shopping and recreation to be done on foot. The concept of <a href="/wiki/Walkability" title="Walkability">walkability</a> has arisen as a measure of the degree to which an area is friendly to walking. Some communities are at least partially <a href="/wiki/Auto-free_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Auto-free zone">car-free</a>, making them particularly supportive of walking and other modes of transportation. In the United States, the <a href="/wiki/Active_living" title="Active living">active living</a> network is an example of a concerted effort to develop communities more friendly to walking and other physical activities. </p><p>An example of such efforts to make urban development more pedestrian friendly is the <a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_village" title="Pedestrian village">pedestrian village</a>. This is a compact, pedestrian-oriented neighborhood or town, with a mixed-use village center, that follows the tenets of New Pedestrianism.<sup id="cite_ref-New_Pedestrianism_information_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Pedestrianism_information-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shared-use lanes for <a href="/wiki/Pedestrians" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedestrians">pedestrians</a> and those using <a href="/wiki/Bicycles" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycles">bicycles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Segways" class="mw-redirect" title="Segways">Segways</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wheelchairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheelchairs">wheelchairs</a>, and other small rolling conveyances that do not use <a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engines" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal combustion engines">internal combustion engines</a>. Generally, these lanes are in front of the houses and businesses, and streets for motor vehicles are always at the rear. Some pedestrian villages might be nearly car-free with cars either hidden below the buildings or on the periphery of the village. <a href="/wiki/Venice,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Venice, Italy">Venice, Italy</a> is essentially a pedestrian village with canals. The canal district in <a href="/wiki/Venice,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Venice, California">Venice, California</a>, on the other hand, combines the front lane/rear street approach with canals and walkways, or just walkways.<sup id="cite_ref-New_Pedestrianism_information_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Pedestrianism_information-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-laborsofhercules_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laborsofhercules-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Walking is also considered to be a clear example of a <a href="/wiki/Sustainable" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable">sustainable</a> mode of <a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">transport</a>, especially suited for urban use and/or relatively shorter distances. Non-motorized transport modes such as walking, but also <a href="/wiki/Cycling" title="Cycling">cycling</a>, small-wheeled transport (skates, skateboards, push scooters and hand carts) or wheelchair travel are often key elements of successfully encouraging clean urban transport.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large variety of case studies and good practices (from European cities and some worldwide examples) that promote and stimulate walking as a means of transportation in cities can be found at <a href="/wiki/Eltis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eltis">Eltis</a>, Europe's portal for local transport.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The development of specific rights of way with appropriate infrastructure can promote increased participation and enjoyment of walking. Examples of types of investment include <a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_mall" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedestrian mall">pedestrian malls</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Foreshoreway" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreshoreway">foreshoreways</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Oceanway" class="mw-redirect" title="Oceanway">oceanways</a> and also river walks. </p><p>The first purpose-built <a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_zone" title="Pedestrian zone">pedestrian street</a> in Europe is the <a href="/wiki/Lijnbaan" title="Lijnbaan">Lijnbaan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>, opened in 1953. The first pedestrianised shopping centre in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> was in <a href="/wiki/Stevenage" title="Stevenage">Stevenage</a> in 1959. A <a href="/wiki/List_of_car-free_places" class="mw-redirect" title="List of car-free places">large number of European towns and cities</a> have made part of their centres car-free since the early 1960s. These are often accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Car_park" class="mw-redirect" title="Car park">car parks</a> on the edge of the pedestrianised zone, and, in the larger cases, <a href="/wiki/Park_and_ride" title="Park and ride">park and ride</a> schemes. Central <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> is one of the largest and oldest: It was converted from car traffic into pedestrian zone in 1962. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_robotics">In robotics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In robotics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Robot_locomotion" title="Robot locomotion">Robot locomotion</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This section has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Walking" title="Special:EditPage/Walking">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Walking" title="Talk:Walking">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Walking" title="Special:EditPage/Walking">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. <br /><small>Last update: 2009</small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Generally, the first successful walking <a href="/wiki/Robot" title="Robot">robots</a> had six legs. As microprocessor technology advanced, the number of legs could be reduced and there are now robots that can walk on two legs. One, for example, is <a href="/wiki/ASIMO" title="ASIMO">ASIMO</a>. Although there has been significant advances, robots still do not walk nearly as well as human beings as they often need to keep their <a href="/wiki/Knee" title="Knee">knees</a> bent permanently in order to improve stability. </p><p>In 2009, Japanese roboticist <a href="/wiki/Tomotaka_Takahashi" title="Tomotaka Takahashi">Tomotaka Takahashi</a> developed a robot that can jump three inches off the ground. The robot, named <a href="/wiki/Ropid" title="Ropid">Ropid</a>, is capable of getting up, walking, running, and jumping.<sup id="cite_ref-CBS_Interactive_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBS_Interactive-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many other robots have also been able to walk over the years like a bipedal walking robot.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mathematical_models">Mathematical models</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Mathematical models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Multiple mathematical models have been proposed to reproduce the kinematics observed in walking. These may be broadly broken down into four categories: rule-based models based on mechanical considerations and past literature, weakly coupled phase oscillators models, control-based models which guide simulations to maximize some property of locomotion, and phenomenological models which fit equations directly to the kinematics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rule-based_models">Rule-based models</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Rule-based models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rule-based models integrate the past literature on motor control to generate a few simple rules which are presumed to be responsible for walking (e.g. “loading of the left leg triggers unloading of right leg”).<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such models are generally most strictly based on the past literature and when they are based on a few rules can be easy to interpret. However, the influence of each rule can be hard to interpret when these models become more complex. Furthermore, the tuning of parameters is often done in an ad hoc way, revealing little intuition about why the system may be organized in this way. Finally, such models are typically based fully on sensory feedback, ignoring the effect of descending and rhythm generating neurons, which have been shown to be crucial in coordinating proper walking. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coupled_oscillator_models">Coupled oscillator models</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Coupled oscillator models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dynamical system theory shows that any network with cyclical dynamics may be modeled as a set of <a href="/wiki/Coupled_oscillators" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupled oscillators">weakly coupled phase oscillators</a>, so another line of research has been exploring this view of walking.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each oscillator may model a muscle, joint angle, or even a whole leg, and is coupled to some set of other oscillators. Often, these oscillators are thought to represent the <a href="/wiki/Central_pattern_generator" title="Central pattern generator">central pattern generators</a> underlying walking. These models have rich theory behind them, allow for some extensions based on sensory feedback, and can be fit to kinematics. However, they need to be heavily constrained to fit to data and by themselves make no claims on which gaits allow the animal to move faster, more robustly, or more efficiently. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Control_based_models">Control based models</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Control based models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Control-based models start with a simulation based on some description of the animal's anatomy and optimize control parameters to generate some behavior. These may be based on a musculoskeletal model,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> skeletal model,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or even simply a ball and stick model.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As these models generate locomotion by optimizing some metric, they can be used to explore the space of optimal locomotion behaviors under some assumptions. However, they typically do not generate plausible hypotheses on the neural coding underlying the behaviors and are typically sensitive to modeling assumptions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Statistical_models">Statistical models</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Statistical models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Phenomenological models model the kinematics of walking directly by fitting a <a href="/wiki/Dynamical_system" title="Dynamical system">dynamical system</a>, without postulating an underlying mechanism for how the kinematics are generated neurally. Such models can produce the most realistic kinematic trajectories and thus have been explored for simulating walking for <a href="/wiki/Computer_animation" title="Computer animation">computer-based animation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the lack of underlying mechanism makes it hard to apply these models to study the biomechanical or neural properties of walking. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Animals">Animals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Animals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_locomotion" title="Terrestrial locomotion">Terrestrial locomotion</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gait" title="Gait">Gait</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Horses">Horses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Horses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Horse_gait" title="Horse gait">Horse gait</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muybridge_horse_walking_animated.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Muybridge_horse_walking_animated.gif/220px-Muybridge_horse_walking_animated.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Muybridge_horse_walking_animated.gif/330px-Muybridge_horse_walking_animated.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Muybridge_horse_walking_animated.gif 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="246" /></a><figcaption>The walk, a four-beat gait</figcaption></figure> <p>The walk is a four-beat gait that averages about 4 miles per hour (6.4 km/h). When walking, a horse's legs follow this sequence: left hind leg, left front leg, right hind leg, right front leg, in a regular 1-2-3-4 beat. At the walk, the horse will always have one foot raised and the other three feet on the ground, save for a brief moment when weight is being transferred from one foot to another. A horse moves its head and neck in a slight up and down motion that helps maintain balance.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris33_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris33-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ideally, the advancing rear hoof oversteps the spot where the previously advancing front hoof touched the ground. The more the rear hoof oversteps, the smoother and more comfortable the walk becomes. Individual horses and different <a href="/wiki/List_of_horse_breeds" title="List of horse breeds">breeds</a> vary in the smoothness of their walk. However, a rider will almost always feel some degree of gentle side-to-side motion in the horse's hips as each hind leg reaches forward.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The fastest "walks" with a four-beat footfall pattern are actually the lateral forms of <a href="/wiki/Ambling" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambling">ambling</a> gaits such as the running walk, singlefoot, and similar rapid but smooth intermediate speed gaits. If a horse begins to speed up and lose a regular four-beat cadence to its gait, the horse is no longer walking but is beginning to either <a href="/wiki/Horse_gait#Trot" title="Horse gait">trot</a> or pace.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elephants">Elephants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Elephants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elephant_Walking_animated.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Elephant_Walking_animated.gif/220px-Elephant_Walking_animated.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Elephant_Walking_animated.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="257" data-file-height="175" /></a><figcaption>An Asian elephant walking</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Elephants" class="mw-redirect" title="Elephants">Elephants</a> can move both forwards and backwards, but cannot <a href="/wiki/Trot" title="Trot">trot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jumping" title="Jumping">jump</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Horse_gait" title="Horse gait">gallop</a>. They use only two gaits when moving on land, the walk and a faster gait similar to running.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In walking, the legs act as pendulums, with the hips and shoulders rising and falling while the foot is planted on the ground. With no "aerial phase", the fast gait does not meet all the criteria of running, although the elephant uses its legs much like other running animals, with the hips and shoulders falling and then rising while the feet are on the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-kinetics_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kinetics-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fast-moving elephants appear to 'run' with their front legs, but 'walk' with their hind legs and can reach a top speed of 18 km/h (11 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this speed, most other <a href="/wiki/Quadrupedalism" title="Quadrupedalism">quadrupeds</a> are well into a gallop, even accounting for leg length. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Walking_fish">Walking fish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Walking fish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Walking_fish" title="Walking fish">Walking fish</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Periophthalmus_gracilis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Periophthalmus_gracilis.jpg/220px-Periophthalmus_gracilis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Periophthalmus_gracilis.jpg/330px-Periophthalmus_gracilis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Periophthalmus_gracilis.jpg/440px-Periophthalmus_gracilis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="231" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Mudskipper" title="Mudskipper">mudskipper</a>, a type of walking fish, perched on land</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Walking_fish" title="Walking fish">Walking fish</a> (or ambulatory fish) are <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a> that are able to travel over <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_ecoregion" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrestrial ecoregion">land</a> for extended periods of time. The term may also be used for some other cases of nonstandard <a href="/wiki/Fish_locomotion" title="Fish locomotion">fish locomotion</a>, e.g., when describing fish "walking" along the <a href="/wiki/Seabed" title="Seabed">sea floor</a>, as the <a href="/wiki/Handfish" title="Handfish">handfish</a> or <a href="/wiki/Frogfish" title="Frogfish">frogfish</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Insects">Insects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Insects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Insects must carefully coordinate their six legs during walking to produce gaits that allow for efficient navigation of their environment. Interleg coordination patterns have been studied in a variety of insects, including locusts (<i>Schistocerca gregaria</i>), cockroaches (<i>Periplaneta americana</i>), stick insects (<i><a href="/wiki/Carausius_morosus" title="Carausius morosus">Carausius morosus</a></i>), and fruit flies (<i><a href="/wiki/Drosophila_melanogaster" title="Drosophila melanogaster">Drosophila melanogaster</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-stick-insect-walking_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stick-insect-walking-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-static-stability_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-static-stability-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cockroach-walking_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cockroach-walking-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Different walking gaits have been observed to exist on a speed dependent continuum of phase relationships.<sup id="cite_ref-stick-insect-walking_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stick-insect-walking-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cockroach-walking_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cockroach-walking-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even though their walking gaits are not discrete, they can often be broadly categorized as either a metachronal wave gait, tetrapod gait, or tripod gait.<sup id="cite_ref-insect-walking_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-insect-walking-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a metachronal wave gait, only one leg leaves contact with the ground at a time. This gait starts at one of the hind legs, then propagates forward to the mid and front legs on the same side before starting at the hind leg of the contralateral side.<sup id="cite_ref-insect-walking_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-insect-walking-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wave gait is often used at slow walking speeds and is the most stable, since five legs are always in contact with the ground at a time.<sup id="cite_ref-hughes1957_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hughes1957-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a tetrapod gait, two legs swing at a time while the other four legs remain in contact with the ground. There are multiple configurations for tetrapod gaits, but the legs that swing together must be on contralateral sides of the body.<sup id="cite_ref-insect-walking_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-insect-walking-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tetrapod gaits are typically used at medium speeds and are also very stable.<sup id="cite_ref-static-stability_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-static-stability-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A walking gait is considered tripod if three of the legs enter the swing phase simultaneously, while the other three legs make contact with the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-insect-walking_65-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-insect-walking-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The middle leg of one side swings with the hind and front legs on the contralateral side.<sup id="cite_ref-insect-walking_65-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-insect-walking-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tripod gaits are most commonly used at high speeds, though it can be used at lower speeds.<sup id="cite_ref-hughes1957_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hughes1957-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tripod gait is less stable than wave-like and tetrapod gaits, but it is theorized to be the most robust.<sup id="cite_ref-static-stability_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-static-stability-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This means that it is easier for an insect to recover from an offset in step timing when walking in a tripod gait. The ability to respond robustly is important for insects when traversing uneven terrain.<sup id="cite_ref-static-stability_63-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-static-stability-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Roman_bronze_copy_of_Myron%E2%80%99s_Discobolos%2C_2nd_century_CE_%28Glyptothek_Munich%29.jpg/17px-Roman_bronze_copy_of_Myron%E2%80%99s_Discobolos%2C_2nd_century_CE_%28Glyptothek_Munich%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="17" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Roman_bronze_copy_of_Myron%E2%80%99s_Discobolos%2C_2nd_century_CE_%28Glyptothek_Munich%29.jpg/26px-Roman_bronze_copy_of_Myron%E2%80%99s_Discobolos%2C_2nd_century_CE_%28Glyptothek_Munich%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Roman_bronze_copy_of_Myron%E2%80%99s_Discobolos%2C_2nd_century_CE_%28Glyptothek_Munich%29.jpg/35px-Roman_bronze_copy_of_Myron%E2%80%99s_Discobolos%2C_2nd_century_CE_%28Glyptothek_Munich%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2030" data-file-height="3274" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Sport_of_athletics" title="Portal:Sport of athletics">Sport of athletics portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arm_swing_in_human_locomotion" title="Arm swing in human locomotion">Arm swing in human locomotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duckwalk" title="Duckwalk">Duckwalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footpath" title="Footpath">Footpath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gait_training" title="Gait training">Gait training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_walking" title="Hand walking">Hand walking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Girl_Walk" title="Hot Girl Walk">Hot Girl Walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_charter_for_walking" title="International charter for walking">International charter for walking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinhin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinhin">Kinhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_walks" title="List of longest walks">List of longest walks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Urbanism" title="New Urbanism">New Urbanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_and_walking" title="Obesity and walking">Obesity and walking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_village" title="Pedestrian village">Pedestrian village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_zone" title="Pedestrian zone">Pedestrian zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preferred_walking_speed" title="Preferred walking speed">Preferred walking speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_transport" title="Student transport">Student transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobler%27s_hiking_function" title="Tobler's hiking function">Tobler's hiking function</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkability" title="Walkability">Walkability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkathon" title="Walkathon">Walkathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_audit" title="Walking audit">Walking audit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_bus" title="Walking bus">Walking bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_city" title="Walking city">Walking city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_tour" title="Walking tour">Walking tour</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCavagnaHeglundTaylor1977" class="citation journal cs1">Cavagna GA, Heglund NC, Taylor CR (1977). "Mechanical work in terrestrial locomotion: two basic mechanisms for minimizing energy expenditure". <i><a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Physiology" title="American Journal of Physiology">American Journal of Physiology</a></i>. <b>233</b> (5): R243-261. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1152%2Fajpregu.1977.233.5.R243">10.1152/ajpregu.1977.233.5.R243</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/411381">411381</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15842774">15842774</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Physiology&rft.atitle=Mechanical+work+in+terrestrial+locomotion%3A+two+basic+mechanisms+for+minimizing+energy+expenditure.&rft.volume=233&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=R243-261&rft.date=1977&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A15842774%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F411381&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1152%2Fajpregu.1977.233.5.R243&rft.aulast=Cavagna&rft.aufirst=GA&rft.au=Heglund%2C+NC&rft.au=Taylor%2C+CR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bie-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bie_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bie_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiewener2003" class="citation book cs1">Biewener, A. A. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yMaN9pk8QJAC&q=biomechanics+biewener"><i>Animal Locomotion</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-850022-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-850022-3"><bdi>978-0-19-850022-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Animal+Locomotion&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-850022-3&rft.aulast=Biewener&rft.aufirst=A.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyMaN9pk8QJAC%26q%3Dbiomechanics%2Bbiewener&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usroads.com/journals/p/rej/9710/re971001.htm">"Study Compares Older and Younger Pedestrian Walking Speeds"</a>. TranSafety, Inc. 1997-10-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-08-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Study+Compares+Older+and+Younger+Pedestrian+Walking+Speeds&rft.pub=TranSafety%2C+Inc&rft.date=1997-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usroads.com%2Fjournals%2Fp%2Frej%2F9710%2Fre971001.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAspelin2005" class="citation web cs1">Aspelin, Karen (2005-05-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westernite.org/datacollectionfund/2005/psu_ped_summary.pdf">"Establishing Pedestrian Walking Speeds"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Portland_State_University" title="Portland State University">Portland State University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051225181534/http://www.westernite.org/datacollectionfund/2005/psu_ped_summary.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2005-12-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-08-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Establishing+Pedestrian+Walking+Speeds&rft.pub=Portland+State+University&rft.date=2005-05-25&rft.aulast=Aspelin&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westernite.org%2Fdatacollectionfund%2F2005%2Fpsu_ped_summary.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://walking.about.com/od/measure/f/howfastwalking.htm">"about.com page on walking speeds"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=about.com+page+on+walking+speeds&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwalking.about.com%2Fod%2Fmeasure%2Ff%2Fhowfastwalking.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamraSpecker2007" class="citation journal cs1">Samra HA, Specker B (July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2031218">"Walking Age Does Not Explain Term vs. Preterm Differences in Bone Geometry"</a>. <i>J. Pediatr</i>. <b>151</b> (1): 61–6, 66.e1–2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jpeds.2007.02.033">10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.02.033</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2031218">2031218</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17586192">17586192</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Pediatr.&rft.atitle=Walking+Age+Does+Not+Explain+Term+vs.+Preterm+Differences+in+Bone+Geometry&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=61-6%2C+66.e1-2&rft.date=2007-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2031218%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17586192&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jpeds.2007.02.033&rft.aulast=Samra&rft.aufirst=HA&rft.au=Specker%2C+B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2031218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-references-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-references_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-references_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">References: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdlinGolanty2007" class="citation book cs1">Edlin, Gordon; Golanty, Eric (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0MUi2yslAS0C&pg=PA156"><i>Health and wellness</i></a>. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7637-4145-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7637-4145-7"><bdi>978-0-7637-4145-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Health+and+wellness&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=Jones+%26+Bartlett+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7637-4145-7&rft.aulast=Edlin&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Golanty%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0MUi2yslAS0C%26pg%3DPA156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span> (Google Books)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolley2003" class="citation book cs1">Tolley, Rodney (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=738aG1QxoBUC&pg=PA72"><i>Sustainable transport: planning for walking and cycling in urban environments</i></a>. Woodhead Publishing. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85573-614-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-85573-614-4"><bdi>1-85573-614-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sustainable+transport%3A+planning+for+walking+and+cycling+in+urban+environments&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=Woodhead+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-85573-614-4&rft.aulast=Tolley&rft.aufirst=Rodney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D738aG1QxoBUC%26pg%3DPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/multimedia/proper-walking-technique/img-20007670">"Proper walking technique"</a>. <i>Mayo Clinic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mayo+Clinic&rft.atitle=Proper+walking+technique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mayoclinic.org%2Fhealthy-lifestyle%2Ffitness%2Fmultimedia%2Fproper-walking-technique%2Fimg-20007670&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/perfecting-your-walking-technique">"Perfecting your walking technique"</a>. <i>Harvard Health</i>. 2017-07-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Health&rft.atitle=Perfecting+your+walking+technique&rft.date=2017-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.health.harvard.edu%2Fstaying-healthy%2Fperfecting-your-walking-technique&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/health-family/fitness/taking-steps-so-you-may-live-longer-1.3923407">"Taking steps so you may live longer"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Taking+steps+so+you+may+live+longer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Flife-and-style%2Fhealth-family%2Ffitness%2Ftaking-steps-so-you-may-live-longer-1.3923407&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130129041207/http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/factsheets/walking.htm">"Relationship of walking to mortality among U.S. adults"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control" class="mw-redirect" title="Centers for Disease Control">Centers for Disease Control</a>. 20 May 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/factsheets/walking.htm">the original</a> on 29 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Relationship+of+walking+to+mortality+among+U.S.+adults&rft.pub=Centers+for+Disease+Control&rft.date=2011-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fdiabetes%2Fpubs%2Ffactsheets%2Fwalking.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_T._Williams_mailPaul_D._Thompson2013" class="citation journal cs1">Paul T. Williams mail; Paul D. Thompson (November 19, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3834211">"The Relationship of Walking Intensity to Total and Cause-Specific Mortality. Results from the National Walkers' Health Study"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>8</b> (11): e81098. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PLoSO...881098W">2013PLoSO...881098W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0081098">10.1371/journal.pone.0081098</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3834211">3834211</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24260542">24260542</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=The+Relationship+of+Walking+Intensity+to+Total+and+Cause-Specific+Mortality.+Results+from+the+National+Walkers%27+Health+Study&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=e81098&rft.date=2013-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3834211%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24260542&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0081098&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013PLoSO...881098W&rft.au=Paul+T.+Williams+mail&rft.au=Paul+D.+Thompson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3834211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeddes2023" class="citation news cs1">Geddes, Linda (2023-08-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/2023/aug/09/revealed-walking-just-4000-steps-a-day-can-reduce-risk-of-dying">"Revealed: walking just 4,000 steps a day can reduce risk of dying"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Revealed%3A+walking+just+4%2C000+steps+a+day+can+reduce+risk+of+dying&rft.date=2023-08-08&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Geddes&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsociety%2F2023%2Faug%2F09%2Frevealed-walking-just-4000-steps-a-day-can-reduce-risk-of-dying&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/news/060501_tiktaalik">"What has the head of a crocodile and the gills of a fish?"</a>. <i>evolution.berkeley.edu</i>. May 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=evolution.berkeley.edu&rft.atitle=What+has+the+head+of+a+crocodile+and+the+gills+of+a+fish%3F&rft.date=2006-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fevolution.berkeley.edu%2Fevolibrary%2Fnews%2F060501_tiktaalik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChoi2011" class="citation web cs1">Choi, Charles (2011-12-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200716010438/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/45645209">"Hopping fish suggests walking originated underwater; Discovery might redraw the evolutionary route scientists think life took from water to land"</a>. NBC News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcnews.com/id/45645209">the original</a> on July 16, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hopping+fish+suggests+walking+originated+underwater%3B+Discovery+might+redraw+the+evolutionary+route+scientists+think+life+took+from+water+to+land&rft.pub=NBC+News&rft.date=2011-12-12&rft.aulast=Choi&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2F45645209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrimaldiEngelEngel2005" class="citation book cs1">Grimaldi, David; Engel, Michael S.; Engel, Michael S. (2005-05-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ql6Jl6wKb88C&q=arthropod+invasion+of+the+land&pg=PA109"><i>Evolution of the Insects – David Grimaldi, Michael S. Engel – Google Books</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521821490" title="Special:BookSources/9780521821490"><bdi>9780521821490</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evolution+of+the+Insects+%E2%80%93+David+Grimaldi%2C+Michael+S.+Engel+%E2%80%93+Google+Books&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005-05-16&rft.isbn=9780521821490&rft.aulast=Grimaldi&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Engel%2C+Michael+S.&rft.au=Engel%2C+Michael+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQl6Jl6wKb88C%26q%3Darthropod%2Binvasion%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bland%26pg%3DPA109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJungBaekD’EliaBoisvert2018" class="citation journal cs1">Jung, Heekyung; Baek, Myungin; D’Elia, Kristen P.; Boisvert, Catherine; Currie, Peter D.; Tay, Boon-Hui; Venkatesh, Byrappa; Brown, Stuart M.; Heguy, Adriana; Schoppik, David; Dasen, Jeremy S. (2018-02-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5808577">"The Ancient Origins of Neural Substrates for Land Walking"</a>. <i>Cell</i>. <b>172</b> (4): 667–682.e15. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2018.01.013">10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.013</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0092-8674">0092-8674</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5808577">5808577</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29425489">29425489</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell&rft.atitle=The+Ancient+Origins+of+Neural+Substrates+for+Land+Walking&rft.volume=172&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=667-682.e15&rft.date=2018-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5808577%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0092-8674&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29425489&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cell.2018.01.013&rft.aulast=Jung&rft.aufirst=Heekyung&rft.au=Baek%2C+Myungin&rft.au=D%E2%80%99Elia%2C+Kristen+P.&rft.au=Boisvert%2C+Catherine&rft.au=Currie%2C+Peter+D.&rft.au=Tay%2C+Boon-Hui&rft.au=Venkatesh%2C+Byrappa&rft.au=Brown%2C+Stuart+M.&rft.au=Heguy%2C+Adriana&rft.au=Schoppik%2C+David&rft.au=Dasen%2C+Jeremy+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5808577&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencenews.org/article/wiring-walking-developed-long-fish-left-sea">"The wiring for walking developed long before fish left the sea"</a>. 2018-02-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+wiring+for+walking+developed+long+before+fish+left+the+sea&rft.date=2018-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencenews.org%2Farticle%2Fwiring-walking-developed-long-fish-left-sea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodmanMcHenry1980" class="citation journal cs1">Rodman, Peter S.; McHenry, Henry M. (January 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.1330520113">"Bioenergetics and the origin of hominid bipedalism"</a>. <i>American Journal of Physical Anthropology</i>. <b>52</b> (1): 103–106. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fajpa.1330520113">10.1002/ajpa.1330520113</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-9483">0002-9483</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6768300">6768300</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Physical+Anthropology&rft.atitle=Bioenergetics+and+the+origin+of+hominid+bipedalism&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=103-106&rft.date=1980-01&rft.issn=0002-9483&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6768300&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fajpa.1330520113&rft.aulast=Rodman&rft.aufirst=Peter+S.&rft.au=McHenry%2C+Henry+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1002%2Fajpa.1330520113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunham2009" class="citation news cs1">Dunham, Will (February 26, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/scienceNews/idUSTRE51P82420090226">"Footprints show human ancestor with modern stride"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Footprints+show+human+ancestor+with+modern+stride&rft.date=2009-02-26&rft.aulast=Dunham&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FscienceNews%2FidUSTRE51P82420090226&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarmon2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Harmon, Katherine (February 26, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=15-million-footprints-uncover">"Researchers Uncover 1.5 Million-Year-Old Footprints"</a>. <i>Scientific American</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=Researchers+Uncover+1.5+Million-Year-Old+Footprints&rft.date=2009-02-26&rft.aulast=Harmon&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciam.com%2Farticle.cfm%3Fid%3D15-million-footprints-uncover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSockolRaichlenPontzer2007" class="citation journal cs1">Sockol, M. D.; Raichlen, D. A.; Pontzer, H. (2007-07-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1941460">"Chimpanzee locomotor energetics and the origin of human bipedalism"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>104</b> (30): 12265–12269. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007PNAS..10412265S">2007PNAS..10412265S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0703267104">10.1073/pnas.0703267104</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424">0027-8424</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1941460">1941460</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17636134">17636134</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Chimpanzee+locomotor+energetics+and+the+origin+of+human+bipedalism&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=30&rft.pages=12265-12269&rft.date=2007-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1941460%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007PNAS..10412265S&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17636134&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0703267104&rft.issn=0027-8424&rft.aulast=Sockol&rft.aufirst=M.+D.&rft.au=Raichlen%2C+D.+A.&rft.au=Pontzer%2C+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1941460&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:23-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:23_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:23_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:23_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeSilva2021" class="citation book cs1">DeSilva, Jeremy (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1244114018"><i>First steps : how upright walking made us human</i></a> (1st ed.). New York, NY. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-293849-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-293849-7"><bdi>978-0-06-293849-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1244114018">1244114018</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+steps+%3A+how+upright+walking+made+us+human&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=1st&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1244114018&rft.isbn=978-0-06-293849-7&rft.aulast=DeSilva&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1244114018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKozmaWebbHarcourt-SmithRaichlen2018" class="citation journal cs1">Kozma, Elaine E.; Webb, Nicole M.; Harcourt-Smith, William E. H.; Raichlen, David A.; D'Août, Kristiaan; Brown, Mary H.; Finestone, Emma M.; Ross, Stephen R.; Aerts, Peter; Pontzer, Herman (2018-04-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5910817">"Hip extensor mechanics and the evolution of walking and climbing capabilities in humans, apes, and fossil hominins"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>115</b> (16): 4134–4139. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PNAS..115.4134K">2018PNAS..115.4134K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1715120115">10.1073/pnas.1715120115</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424">0027-8424</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5910817">5910817</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29610309">29610309</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Hip+extensor+mechanics+and+the+evolution+of+walking+and+climbing+capabilities+in+humans%2C+apes%2C+and+fossil+hominins&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=4134-4139&rft.date=2018-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5910817%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018PNAS..115.4134K&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29610309&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1715120115&rft.issn=0027-8424&rft.aulast=Kozma&rft.aufirst=Elaine+E.&rft.au=Webb%2C+Nicole+M.&rft.au=Harcourt-Smith%2C+William+E.+H.&rft.au=Raichlen%2C+David+A.&rft.au=D%27Ao%C3%BBt%2C+Kristiaan&rft.au=Brown%2C+Mary+H.&rft.au=Finestone%2C+Emma+M.&rft.au=Ross%2C+Stephen+R.&rft.au=Aerts%2C+Peter&rft.au=Pontzer%2C+Herman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5910817&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlazevichFletcher2023" class="citation journal cs1">Blazevich, Anthony J.; Fletcher, Jared R. (December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fbrv.13002">"More than energy cost: multiple benefits of the long Achilles tendon in human walking and running"</a>. <i>Biological Reviews</i>. <b>98</b> (6): 2210–2225. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.13298">2205.13298</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fbrv.13002">10.1111/brv.13002</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1464-7931">1464-7931</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37525526">37525526</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Reviews&rft.atitle=More+than+energy+cost%3A+multiple+benefits+of+the+long+Achilles+tendon+in+human+walking+and+running&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=2210-2225&rft.date=2023-12&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F2205.13298&rft.issn=1464-7931&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37525526&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fbrv.13002&rft.aulast=Blazevich&rft.aufirst=Anthony+J.&rft.au=Fletcher%2C+Jared+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fbrv.13002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Terry Adby and Stuart Johnston, <i>The Hillwalker's Guide to Mountaineering</i>, (Milnthorpe: Cicerone, 2003), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85284-393-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-85284-393-4">1-85284-393-4</a>, pp. 62–65 for more on defining scrambles.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-volken-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-volken_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVolkenSchnellWheeler2007" class="citation book cs1">Volken, Martin; Schnell, Scott; Wheeler, Margaret (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/backcountryskiin00volk/page/12"><i>Backcountry Skiing: Skills for Ski Touring and Ski Mountaineering</i></a>. Mountaineers Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/backcountryskiin00volk/page/12">12</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59485-038-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59485-038-7"><bdi>978-1-59485-038-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Backcountry+Skiing%3A+Skills+for+Ski+Touring+and+Ski+Mountaineering&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Mountaineers+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-59485-038-7&rft.aulast=Volken&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.au=Schnell%2C+Scott&rft.au=Wheeler%2C+Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbackcountryskiin00volk%2Fpage%2F12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise</i>. 27, No. 4 April 1995: 607–11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cooper Institute, <i>Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sports</i>, 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChurchEarnestMorss2013" class="citation journal cs1">Church TS, Earnest CP, Morss GM (2013-03-25). "Field testing of physiological responses associated with Nordic Walking". <i>Res Q Exerc Sport</i>. <b>73</b> (3): 296–300. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02701367.2002.10609023">10.1080/02701367.2002.10609023</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12230336">12230336</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24173445">24173445</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Res+Q+Exerc+Sport&rft.atitle=Field+testing+of+physiological+responses+associated+with+Nordic+Walking&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=296-300&rft.date=2013-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24173445%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12230336&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02701367.2002.10609023&rft.aulast=Church&rft.aufirst=TS&rft.au=Earnest%2C+CP&rft.au=Morss%2C+GM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Phil Howell (1986).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Olympics/2012/0803/Wait-that-s-an-Olympic-event">"Wait ... That's an Olympic event?"</a>. <i>Christian Science Monitor</i>. 3 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Wait+...+That%27s+an+Olympic+event%3F&rft.date=2012-08-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FWorld%2FOlympics%2F2012%2F0803%2FWait-that-s-an-Olympic-event&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stiegler, Édouard., <i>Régénération par la marche afghane</i>, G. Trédaniel, 2013 (ISBN 978-2-8132-0631-2 et 2-8132-0631-8, OCLC 864714304)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Isabel Conway, "Stepping out the Afghan way".<i>The Irish Times</i>, Apr 20 2010 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/health/stepping-out-the-afghan-way-1.654699">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatnaik2015" class="citation journal cs1">Patnaik, Lalit; et al. (October 2015). "Physical constraints, fundamental limits, and optimal locus of operating points for an inverted pendulum based actuated dynamic walker". <i>Bioinspiration & Biomimetics</i>. <b>10</b> (6): 064001. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1748-3190%2F10%2F6%2F064001">10.1088/1748-3190/10/6/064001</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26502096">26502096</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:206102181">206102181</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioinspiration+%26+Biomimetics&rft.atitle=Physical+constraints%2C+fundamental+limits%2C+and+optimal+locus+of+operating+points+for+an+inverted+pendulum+based+actuated+dynamic+walker&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=064001&rft.date=2015-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A206102181%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26502096&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F1748-3190%2F10%2F6%2F064001&rft.aulast=Patnaik&rft.aufirst=Lalit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamblers" class="citation web cs1">Ramblers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ramblers.org.uk/go-walking/advice-for-walkers/walking-and-your-health.aspx">"Walking benefits"</a>. Ramblers.org.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Walking+benefits&rft.pub=Ramblers.org.uk&rft.au=Ramblers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ramblers.org.uk%2Fgo-walking%2Fadvice-for-walkers%2Fwalking-and-your-health.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/European_long-distance_paths" title="European long-distance paths">European long-distance paths</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ramblers.org.uk/about-us/our-history.aspx">"Our history"</a>. Ramblers. 1935-01-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+history&rft.pub=Ramblers&rft.date=1935-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ramblers.org.uk%2Fabout-us%2Four-history.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getwalking.org">"Get Walking Keep Walking website"</a>. Getwalking.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Get+Walking+Keep+Walking+website&rft.pub=Getwalking.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.getwalking.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[Ramblers, " Our History".<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ldwa.org.uk/history.php">http://www.ldwa.org.uk/history.php</a>] Long Distance Walkers Association: History.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-New_Pedestrianism_information-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-New_Pedestrianism_information_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_Pedestrianism_information_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pedestrianvillages.com/">"New Pedestrianism information"</a>. Pedestrianvillages.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Pedestrianism+information&rft.pub=Pedestrianvillages.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pedestrianvillages.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111004035858/http://www.newpedestrianism.com/newped/cnu-presentation.html">"New Urbanism and New Pedestrianism in the 21st Century"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newpedestrianism.com/newped/cnu-presentation.html/">the original</a> on 2011-10-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-05-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Urbanism+and+New+Pedestrianism+in+the+21st+Century&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newpedestrianism.com%2Fnewped%2Fcnu-presentation.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-laborsofhercules-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-laborsofhercules_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael E. Arth, <i>The Labors of Hercules: Modern Solutions to 12 Herculean Problems.</i> 2007 Online edition. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://michaelearth.com/herc_IX.htm">Labor IX: Urbanism</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael E. Arth, "Pedestrian Villages are the Antidote to Sprawl" The DeLand-Deltona Beacon, May 29, 2003. p. 1D.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-portal.net/material/material2.phtml?sprache=en&kt=kt11">"Non Motorised Transport, Teaching and Learning Material"</a>. Eu-portal.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Non+Motorised+Transport%2C+Teaching+and+Learning+Material&rft.pub=Eu-portal.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eu-portal.net%2Fmaterial%2Fmaterial2.phtml%3Fsprache%3Den%26kt%3Dkt11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eltis.org/">"Eltis | The urban mobility observatory"</a>. <i>www.eltis.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.eltis.org&rft.atitle=Eltis+%26%23124%3B+The+urban+mobility+observatory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eltis.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBS_Interactive-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CBS_Interactive_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811050240/http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-10387001-1.html">"Ropid the robot can walk, run, and hop"</a>. CBS Interactive. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-10387001-1.html">the original</a> on 2011-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-06-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ropid+the+robot+can+walk%2C+run%2C+and+hop&rft.pub=CBS+Interactive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.cnet.com%2F8301-17938_105-10387001-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimSpielerLupuRamezani2021" class="citation journal cs1">Kim, Kyunam; Spieler, Patrick; Lupu, Elena-Sorina; Ramezani, Alireza; Chung, Soon-Jo (2021-10-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scirobotics.abf8136">"A bipedal walking robot that can fly, slackline, and skateboard"</a>. <i>Science Robotics</i>. <b>6</b> (59): eabf8136. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscirobotics.abf8136">10.1126/scirobotics.abf8136</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2470-9476">2470-9476</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34613821">34613821</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:238423102">238423102</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Robotics&rft.atitle=A+bipedal+walking+robot+that+can+fly%2C+slackline%2C+and+skateboard&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=59&rft.pages=eabf8136&rft.date=2021-10-13&rft.issn=2470-9476&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A238423102%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34613821&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscirobotics.abf8136&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Kyunam&rft.au=Spieler%2C+Patrick&rft.au=Lupu%2C+Elena-Sorina&rft.au=Ramezani%2C+Alireza&rft.au=Chung%2C+Soon-Jo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1126%2Fscirobotics.abf8136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchillingHoinvilleSchmitzCruse2013" class="citation journal cs1">Schilling, Malte; Hoinville, Thierry; Schmitz, Josef; Cruse, Holk (2013-07-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00422-013-0563-5">"Walknet, a bio-inspired controller for hexapod walking"</a>. <i>Biological Cybernetics</i>. <b>107</b> (4): 397–419. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00422-013-0563-5">10.1007/s00422-013-0563-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0340-1200">0340-1200</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3755227">3755227</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23824506">23824506</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Cybernetics&rft.atitle=Walknet%2C+a+bio-inspired+controller+for+hexapod+walking&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=397-419&rft.date=2013-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3755227%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0340-1200&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23824506&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00422-013-0563-5&rft.aulast=Schilling&rft.aufirst=Malte&rft.au=Hoinville%2C+Thierry&rft.au=Schmitz%2C+Josef&rft.au=Cruse%2C+Holk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs00422-013-0563-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeyerHerr2010" class="citation journal cs1">Geyer, Hartmut; Herr, Hugh (June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5445011">"A Muscle-Reflex Model That Encodes Principles of Legged Mechanics Produces Human Walking Dynamics and Muscle Activities"</a>. <i>IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering</i>. <b>18</b> (3): 263–273. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FTNSRE.2010.2047592">10.1109/TNSRE.2010.2047592</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1%2F70926">1721.1/70926</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1558-0210">1558-0210</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20378480">20378480</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2041375">2041375</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Neural+Systems+and+Rehabilitation+Engineering&rft.atitle=A+Muscle-Reflex+Model+That+Encodes+Principles+of+Legged+Mechanics+Produces+Human+Walking+Dynamics+and+Muscle+Activities&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=263-273&rft.date=2010-06&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1721.1%2F70926&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A2041375%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FTNSRE.2010.2047592&rft.issn=1558-0210&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20378480&rft.aulast=Geyer&rft.aufirst=Hartmut&rft.au=Herr%2C+Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fdocument%2F5445011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCouzin-FuchsKiemelGalAyali2015" class="citation journal cs1">Couzin-Fuchs, Einat; Kiemel, Tim; Gal, Omer; Ayali, Amir; Holmes, Philip (2015-01-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.112805">"Intersegmental coupling and recovery from perturbations in freely running cockroaches"</a>. <i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i>. <b>218</b> (2): 285–297. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjeb.112805">10.1242/jeb.112805</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1477-9145">1477-9145</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4302167">4302167</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25609786">25609786</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Biology&rft.atitle=Intersegmental+coupling+and+recovery+from+perturbations+in+freely+running+cockroaches&rft.volume=218&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=285-297&rft.date=2015-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4302167%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1477-9145&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25609786&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1242%2Fjeb.112805&rft.aulast=Couzin-Fuchs&rft.aufirst=Einat&rft.au=Kiemel%2C+Tim&rft.au=Gal%2C+Omer&rft.au=Ayali%2C+Amir&rft.au=Holmes%2C+Philip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1242%2Fjeb.112805&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeijtenbeekvan_de_Pannevan_der_Stappen2013" class="citation journal cs1">Geijtenbeek, Thomas; van de Panne, Michiel; van der Stappen, A. Frank (November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2508363.2508399">"Flexible muscle-based locomotion for bipedal creatures"</a>. <i>ACM Transactions on Graphics</i>. <b>32</b> (6): 1–11. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F2508363.2508399">10.1145/2508363.2508399</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0730-0301">0730-0301</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9183862">9183862</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACM+Transactions+on+Graphics&rft.atitle=Flexible+muscle-based+locomotion+for+bipedal+creatures&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1-11&rft.date=2013-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A9183862%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0730-0301&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F2508363.2508399&rft.aulast=Geijtenbeek&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=van+de+Panne%2C+Michiel&rft.au=van+der+Stappen%2C+A.+Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1145%2F2508363.2508399&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeessTBSriramLemmon2017" class="citation arxiv cs1">Heess, Nicolas; TB, Dhruva; Sriram, Srinivasan; Lemmon, Jay; Merel, Josh; Wayne, Greg; Tassa, Yuval; Erez, Tom; Wang, Ziyu; Ali Eslami, S. M.; Riedmiller, Martin; Silver, David (2017). "Emergence of Locomotion Behaviours in Rich Environments". <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.02286">1707.02286</a></span> [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/archive/cs.AI">cs.AI</a>].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=preprint&rft.jtitle=arXiv&rft.atitle=Emergence+of+Locomotion+Behaviours+in+Rich+Environments&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1707.02286&rft.aulast=Heess&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rft.au=TB%2C+Dhruva&rft.au=Sriram%2C+Srinivasan&rft.au=Lemmon%2C+Jay&rft.au=Merel%2C+Josh&rft.au=Wayne%2C+Greg&rft.au=Tassa%2C+Yuval&rft.au=Erez%2C+Tom&rft.au=Wang%2C+Ziyu&rft.au=Ali+Eslami%2C+S.+M.&rft.au=Riedmiller%2C+Martin&rft.au=Silver%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPengAbbeelLevinevan_de_Panne2018" class="citation journal cs1">Peng, Xue Bin; Abbeel, Pieter; Levine, Sergey; van de Panne, Michiel (2018-08-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3197517.3201311">"DeepMimic"</a>. <i>ACM Transactions on Graphics</i>. <b>37</b> (4): 1–14. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.02717">1804.02717</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F3197517.3201311">10.1145/3197517.3201311</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0730-0301">0730-0301</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:215808400">215808400</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACM+Transactions+on+Graphics&rft.atitle=DeepMimic&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1-14&rft.date=2018-08-31&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1804.02717&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A215808400%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0730-0301&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F3197517.3201311&rft.aulast=Peng&rft.aufirst=Xue+Bin&rft.au=Abbeel%2C+Pieter&rft.au=Levine%2C+Sergey&rft.au=van+de+Panne%2C+Michiel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1145%2F3197517.3201311&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzczecinskiBockemühlChockleyBüschges2018" class="citation journal cs1">Szczecinski, Nicholas S.; Bockemühl, Till; Chockley, Alexander S.; Büschges, Ansgar (2018-11-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjeb.189142">"Static stability predicts the continuum of interleg coordination patterns in Drosophila"</a>. <i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i>. <b>221</b> (22): jeb189142. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjeb.189142">10.1242/jeb.189142</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-0949">0022-0949</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30274987">30274987</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:52903595">52903595</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Biology&rft.atitle=Static+stability+predicts+the+continuum+of+interleg+coordination+patterns+in+Drosophila&rft.volume=221&rft.issue=22&rft.pages=jeb189142&rft.date=2018-11-16&rft.issn=0022-0949&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A52903595%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30274987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1242%2Fjeb.189142&rft.aulast=Szczecinski&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+S.&rft.au=Bockem%C3%BChl%2C+Till&rft.au=Chockley%2C+Alexander+S.&rft.au=B%C3%BCschges%2C+Ansgar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1242%252Fjeb.189142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoldenKomuraSaito2017" class="citation journal cs1">Holden, Daniel; Komura, Taku; Saito, Jun (2017-07-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3072959.3073663">"Phase-functioned neural networks for character control"</a>. <i>ACM Transactions on Graphics</i>. <b>36</b> (4): 42:1–42:13. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F3072959.3073663">10.1145/3072959.3073663</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820%2Fc09514d6-427f-4e00-adcc-1466f0125135">20.500.11820/c09514d6-427f-4e00-adcc-1466f0125135</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0730-0301">0730-0301</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:7261259">7261259</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACM+Transactions+on+Graphics&rft.atitle=Phase-functioned+neural+networks+for+character+control&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=42%3A1-42%3A13&rft.date=2017-07-20&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F20.500.11820%2Fc09514d6-427f-4e00-adcc-1466f0125135&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A7261259%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0730-0301&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F3072959.3073663&rft.aulast=Holden&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Komura%2C+Taku&rft.au=Saito%2C+Jun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%2F3072959.3073663&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhangStarkeKomuraSaito2018" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang, He; Starke, Sebastian; Komura, Taku; Saito, Jun (2018-07-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3197517.3201366">"Mode-adaptive neural networks for quadruped motion control"</a>. <i>ACM Transactions on Graphics</i>. <b>37</b> (4): 145:1–145:11. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F3197517.3201366">10.1145/3197517.3201366</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0730-0301">0730-0301</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:51692385">51692385</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACM+Transactions+on+Graphics&rft.atitle=Mode-adaptive+neural+networks+for+quadruped+motion+control&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=145%3A1-145%3A11&rft.date=2018-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A51692385%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0730-0301&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F3197517.3201366&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=He&rft.au=Starke%2C+Sebastian&rft.au=Komura%2C+Taku&rft.au=Saito%2C+Jun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%2F3197517.3201366&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harris33-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Harris33_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harris, Susan E. <i>Horse Gaits, Balance and Movement</i> New York: Howell Book House 1993 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87605-955-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-87605-955-8">0-87605-955-8</a> pp. 32–33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShoshaniWalterAbrahaBerhe2006" class="citation journal cs1">Shoshani, J.; Walter, R. C.; Abraha, M.; Berhe, S.; Tassy, P.; Sanders, W. J.; Marchant, G. H.; Libsekal, Y.; Ghirmai, T.; Zinner, D. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1859925">"A proboscidean from the late Oligocene of Eritrea, a "missing link" between early Elephantiformes and Elephantimorpha, and biogeographic implications"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>103</b> (46): 17296–301. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PNAS..10317296S">2006PNAS..10317296S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0603689103">10.1073/pnas.0603689103</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1859925">1859925</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17085582">17085582</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=A+proboscidean+from+the+late+Oligocene+of+Eritrea%2C+a+%22missing+link%22+between+early+Elephantiformes+and+Elephantimorpha%2C+and+biogeographic+implications&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=46&rft.pages=17296-301&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1859925%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17085582&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0603689103&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006PNAS..10317296S&rft.aulast=Shoshani&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Walter%2C+R.+C.&rft.au=Abraha%2C+M.&rft.au=Berhe%2C+S.&rft.au=Tassy%2C+P.&rft.au=Sanders%2C+W.+J.&rft.au=Marchant%2C+G.+H.&rft.au=Libsekal%2C+Y.&rft.au=Ghirmai%2C+T.&rft.au=Zinner%2C+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1859925&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kinetics-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kinetics_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutchinson,_J._R.Schwerda,_D.Famini,_D._J.Dale,_R._H.2006" class="citation journal cs1">Hutchinson, J. R.; Schwerda, D.; Famini, D. J.; Dale, R. H.; Fischer, M. S. & Kram, R. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjeb.02443">"The locomotor kinematics of Asian and African elephants: changes with speed and size"</a>. <i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i>. <b>209</b> (19): 3812–27. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjeb.02443">10.1242/jeb.02443</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16985198">16985198</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Biology&rft.atitle=The+locomotor+kinematics+of+Asian+and+African+elephants%3A+changes+with+speed+and+size&rft.volume=209&rft.issue=19&rft.pages=3812-27&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1242%2Fjeb.02443&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16985198&rft.au=Hutchinson%2C+J.+R.&rft.au=Schwerda%2C+D.&rft.au=Famini%2C+D.+J.&rft.au=Dale%2C+R.+H.&rft.au=Fischer%2C+M.+S.&rft.au=Kram%2C+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1242%252Fjeb.02443&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGenin,_J._J.Willems,_P._A.Cavagna,_G._A.Lair,_R.2010" class="citation journal cs1">Genin, J. J.; Willems, P. A.; Cavagna, G. A.; Lair, R. & Heglund, N. C. (2010). "Biomechanics of locomotion in Asian elephants". <i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i>. <b>213</b> (5): 694–706. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjeb.035436">10.1242/jeb.035436</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20154184">20154184</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Biology&rft.atitle=Biomechanics+of+locomotion+in+Asian+elephants&rft.volume=213&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=694-706&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1242%2Fjeb.035436&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20154184&rft.au=Genin%2C+J.+J.&rft.au=Willems%2C+P.+A.&rft.au=Cavagna%2C+G.+A.&rft.au=Lair%2C+R.&rft.au=Heglund%2C+N.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stick-insect-walking-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stick-insect-walking_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stick-insect-walking_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrahamDA1972" class="citation journal cs1">Graham, DA (1972). "A behavioural analysis of the temporal organisation of walking movements in the 1st instar and adult stick insect (Carausius morosus)". <i>Journal of Comparative Physiology</i>. <b>81</b>: 23–52. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00693548">10.1007/BF00693548</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:38878595">38878595</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Comparative+Physiology&rft.atitle=A+behavioural+analysis+of+the+temporal+organisation+of+walking+movements+in+the+1st+instar+and+adult+stick+insect+%28Carausius+morosus%29&rft.volume=81&rft.pages=23-52&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00693548&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A38878595%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Graham&rft.au=DA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-static-stability-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-static-stability_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-static-stability_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-static-stability_63-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-static-stability_63-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzczecinskiBockemühlChockleyBüschges2018" class="citation journal cs1">Szczecinski NS, Bockemühl T, Chockley AS, Büschges A (November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjeb.189142">"Static stability predicts the continuum of interleg coordination patterns in Drosophila"</a>. <i>The Journal of Experimental Biology</i>. <b>221</b> (Pt 22): jeb189142. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjeb.189142">10.1242/jeb.189142</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30274987">30274987</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Experimental+Biology&rft.atitle=Static+stability+predicts+the+continuum+of+interleg+coordination+patterns+in+Drosophila&rft.volume=221&rft.issue=Pt+22&rft.pages=jeb189142&rft.date=2018-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1242%2Fjeb.189142&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30274987&rft.aulast=Szczecinski&rft.aufirst=NS&rft.au=Bockem%C3%BChl%2C+T&rft.au=Chockley%2C+AS&rft.au=B%C3%BCschges%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1242%252Fjeb.189142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cockroach-walking-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cockroach-walking_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cockroach-walking_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpiritoMushrush1979" class="citation journal cs1">Spirito CP, Mushrush DL (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jeb.biologists.org/content/78/1/233">"Interlimb Coordination During Slow Walking in the Cockroach: I. Effects of Substrate Alterations"</a>. <i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i>. <b>78</b>: 233–243. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjeb.78.1.233">10.1242/jeb.78.1.233</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Biology&rft.atitle=Interlimb+Coordination+During+Slow+Walking+in+the+Cockroach%3A+I.+Effects+of+Substrate+Alterations&rft.volume=78&rft.pages=233-243&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1242%2Fjeb.78.1.233&rft.aulast=Spirito&rft.aufirst=CP&rft.au=Mushrush%2C+DL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjeb.biologists.org%2Fcontent%2F78%2F1%2F233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-insect-walking-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-insect-walking_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-insect-walking_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-insect-walking_65-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-insect-walking_65-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-insect-walking_65-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilsonDonald1966" class="citation journal cs1">Wilson, Donald M (1966). "Insect Walking". <i>Annual Review of Entomology</i>. <b>11</b> (1): 103–122. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.en.11.010166.000535">10.1146/annurev.en.11.010166.000535</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5321575">5321575</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Entomology&rft.atitle=Insect+Walking&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=103-122&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.en.11.010166.000535&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5321575&rft.au=Wilson&rft.au=Donald%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hughes1957-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hughes1957_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hughes1957_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughesGM1957" class="citation journal cs1">Hughes, GM (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jeb.biologists.org/content/34/3/306">"The Co-Ordination of Insect Movements"</a>. <i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i>. <b>34</b> (3): 306–333. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjeb.34.3.306">10.1242/jeb.34.3.306</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Biology&rft.atitle=The+Co-Ordination+of+Insect+Movements&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=306-333&rft.date=1957&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1242%2Fjeb.34.3.306&rft.au=Hughes&rft.au=GM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjeb.biologists.org%2Fcontent%2F34%2F3%2F306&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walking&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/walk" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:walk">walk</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Walking" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Walking">Walking</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/40px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/60px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/80px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiversity has learning resources about <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Benefits_of_walking" class="extiw" title="v:Benefits of walking">Benefits of walking</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eltis.org">European Local Transport Information Service</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eltis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eltis">Eltis</a>) provides case studies concerning walking as a local transport concept.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Walking_culture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Walking" title="Template:Walking"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Walking" title="Template talk:Walking"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Walking" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Walking"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Walking_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Walking</a> culture</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aids, groups and<br />equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bematist" title="Bematist">Bematist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_walker" title="Baby walker">Baby walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossing_guard" title="Crossing guard">Crossing guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_walking" title="Dog walking">Dog walking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guide_dog" title="Guide dog">Guide dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedometer" title="Pedometer">Pedometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker_(mobility)" title="Walker (mobility)">Walker (mobility)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_bus" title="Walking bus">Walking bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_stick" title="Walking stick">Walking stick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dromomania" title="Dromomania">Dromomania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_walking" title="Hand walking">Hand walking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuckle-walking" title="Knuckle-walking">Knuckle-walking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedestrian" title="Pedestrian">Pedestrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preferred_walking_speed" title="Preferred walking speed">Preferred walking speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkability" title="Walkability">Walkability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_distance_measure" title="Walking distance measure">Walking distance measure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment and<br />infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alley" title="Alley">Alley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ginnel" title="Ginnel">Ginnel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drovers%27_road" title="Drovers' road">Drovers' road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esplanade" title="Esplanade">Esplanade</a>/Promenade</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footpath" title="Footpath">Footpath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_crossing" title="Pedestrian crossing">Pedestrian crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_village" title="Pedestrian village">Pedestrian village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_zone" title="Pedestrian zone">Pedestrian zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stile" title="Stile">Stile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaol%C3%BCren" title="Xiaolüren">Xiaolüren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leisure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A2neur" title="Flâneur">Flâneur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiking" title="Hiking">Hiking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_long-distance_footpaths" title="List of long-distance footpaths">Long-distance footpaths</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mall_walking" title="Mall walking">Mall walking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_walking" title="Nordic walking">Nordic walking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatapawali" title="Shatapawali">Shatapawali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_walking" title="Power walking">Speed walking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strolling" title="Strolling">Strolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_tour" title="Walking tour">Walking tour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pedestrian_circumnavigators" title="List of pedestrian circumnavigators">Pedestrian circumnavigators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedestrianism" title="Pedestrianism">Pedestrianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racewalking" title="Racewalking">Racewalking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_marathon" title="Slow marathon">Slow marathon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Initiatives<br />and campaigns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_charter_for_walking" title="International charter for walking">International charter for walking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Pedestrians" title="International Federation of Pedestrians">International Federation of Pedestrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrominuto" title="Metrominuto">Metrominuto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pedestrian_Day" title="National Pedestrian Day">National Pedestrian Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Urbanism" title="New Urbanism">New Urbanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walk_Safely_to_School_Day" title="Walk Safely to School Day">Walk Safely to School Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkathon" title="Walkathon">Walkathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_Artists_Network" title="Walking Artists Network">Walking Artists Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_audit" title="Walking audit">Walking audit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Animal_locomotion_on_land" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Locomotion" title="Template:Locomotion"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Locomotion" title="Template talk:Locomotion"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Locomotion" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Locomotion"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Animal_locomotion_on_land" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_locomotion" title="Terrestrial locomotion">Animal locomotion on land</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gait" title="Gait">Gait</a> class</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legged</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arboreal_locomotion" title="Arboreal locomotion">Arboreal locomotion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brachiation" title="Brachiation">Brachiation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_walking" title="Hand walking">Hand-walking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumping" title="Jumping">Jumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuckle-walking" title="Knuckle-walking">Knuckle-walking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Running" title="Running">Running</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Walking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legless</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concertina_movement" title="Concertina movement">Concertina movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undulatory_locomotion" title="Undulatory locomotion">Undulatory locomotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectilinear_locomotion" title="Rectilinear locomotion">Rectilinear locomotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotating_locomotion_in_living_systems" title="Rotating locomotion in living systems">Rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidewinding" title="Sidewinding">Sidewinding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_locomotion#Limbless_locomotion" title="Terrestrial locomotion">Other modes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">Anatomy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_foot_morphology" title="Comparative foot morphology">Comparative foot morphology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthropod_leg" title="Arthropod leg">Arthropod leg</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foot structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digitigrade" title="Digitigrade">Digitigrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantigrade" title="Plantigrade">Plantigrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ungulate" title="Ungulate">Unguligrade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by limb</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unipedalism" title="Unipedalism">Uniped</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bipedalism" title="Bipedalism">Biped</a> (<a href="/wiki/Facultative_bipedalism" title="Facultative bipedalism">Facultative</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripedalism" title="Tripedalism">Triped</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrupedalism" title="Quadrupedalism">Quadruped</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canine_gait" title="Canine gait">Canine gait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_gait" title="Horse gait">Horse gait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gait_(human)" title="Gait (human)">Human gait</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_locomotion_on_the_water_surface" title="Animal locomotion on the water surface">Animal locomotion on the water surface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_locomotion" title="Fish locomotion">Fish locomotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_and_gliding_animals" title="Flying and gliding animals">Volant animals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Activities_of_daily_living" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Activities_of_daily_living" title="Template:Activities of daily living"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Activities_of_daily_living" title="Template talk:Activities of daily living"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Activities_of_daily_living" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Activities of daily living"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Activities_of_daily_living" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Activities_of_daily_living" title="Activities of daily living">Activities of daily living</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Used to refer to daily self-care activities</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Activities_of_daily_living#Basic" title="Activities of daily living">Basic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hygiene" title="Hygiene">Personal hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing" title="Clothing">Dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eating" title="Eating">Feeding oneself</a></li> <li>Voluntary <a href="/wiki/Urination" title="Urination">urinary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Defecation" title="Defecation">bowel</a> control</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ambulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep" title="Sleep">Sleeping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Activities_of_daily_living#Instrumental" title="Activities of daily living">Instrumental</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homemaking" title="Homemaking">Housework</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Housekeeping" title="Housekeeping">Cleaning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">Meal preparation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Money management">Managing money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping" title="Shopping">Shopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">Technology</a> use <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telephone" title="Telephone">Telephone</a> use</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Optional-instrumental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Care <small>(of self, <a href="/wiki/Childcare" class="mw-redirect" title="Childcare">children</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elderly_care" title="Elderly care">the elderly</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parenting" title="Parenting">Child rearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_procedure" title="Emergency procedure">Emergency responses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety" title="Safety">Safety procedures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving" title="Driving">Driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">Sexual activity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_care_assistant" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal care assistant">Personal care assistant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assisted_living" title="Assisted living">Assisted living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Care_of_residents" class="mw-redirect" title="Care of residents">Care of residents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Exercise" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Physical_exercise" title="Template:Physical exercise"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Physical_exercise" title="Template talk:Physical exercise"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Physical_exercise" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Physical exercise"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Exercise" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Exercise" title="Exercise">Exercise</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Aerobic_exercise" title="Aerobic exercise">Aerobic exercise</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerobics" title="Aerobics">Aerobics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling" title="Cycling">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-distance_running" title="Long-distance running">Distance running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endurance_training" title="Endurance training">Endurance training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiking" title="Hiking">Hiking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jogging" title="Jogging">Jogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimming" title="Swimming">Swimming</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Walking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Anaerobic_exercise" title="Anaerobic exercise">Anaerobic exercise</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-intensity_interval_training" title="High-intensity interval training">High-intensity interval training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprint_(running)" title="Sprint (running)">Sprinting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strength_training" title="Strength training">Strength training</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodybuilding" title="Bodybuilding">Bodybuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodyweight_exercise" title="Bodyweight exercise">Bodyweight exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flywheel_training" title="Flywheel training">Flywheel training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_training" title="Suspension training">Suspension training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weight_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Weight training">Weight training</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align:center;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athletic_training" title="Athletic training">Athletic training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calisthenics" title="Calisthenics">Calisthenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_training" title="Circuit training">Circuit training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing" title="Climbing">Climbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-training" title="Cross-training">Cross-training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interval_training" title="Interval training">Interval training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscle_hypertrophy" title="Muscle hypertrophy">Muscle hypertrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outdoor_fitness" title="Outdoor fitness">Outdoor fitness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_therapy" title="Physical therapy">Physical therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stretching" title="Stretching">Stretching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">Yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_physical_training_and_fitness" title="History of physical training and fitness">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigenetics_of_physical_exercise" title="Epigenetics of physical exercise">Epigenetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_and_music" title="Exercise and music">Exercise and music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_equipment" title="Exercise equipment">Exercise equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_physiology" title="Exercise physiology">Exercise physiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neurobiological_effects_of_physical_exercise" title="Neurobiological effects of physical exercise">Neurobiological effects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_mimetic" title="Exercise mimetic">Exercise mimetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_trends" title="Exercise trends">Exercise trends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitness_app" title="Fitness app">Fitness app</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitness_culture" title="Fitness culture">Fitness culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_exercise" title="Outline of exercise">Outline of exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_culture" title="Physical culture">Physical culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_fitness" title="Physical fitness">Physical fitness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Physical_exercise" title="Category:Physical exercise">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Human-powered_transport" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Human-powered_vehicles" title="Template:Human-powered vehicles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human-powered_vehicles" title="Template talk:Human-powered vehicles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Human-powered_vehicles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Human-powered vehicles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Human-powered_transport" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human-powered_transport" title="Human-powered transport">Human-powered transport</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human-powered_land_vehicle" title="Human-powered land vehicle">Land</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pedal power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/29er_(bicycle)" title="29er (bicycle)">29er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">Bicycle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Outline_of_bicycles" title="Outline of bicycles">outline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_trailer" title="Bicycle trailer">Bicycle trailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMX_bike" title="BMX bike">BMX bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boneshaker_(bicycle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boneshaker (bicycle)">Boneshaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_bike" title="Cargo bike">Cargo bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_bicycle" class="mw-redirect" title="City bicycle">City bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold-weather_biking" title="Cold-weather biking">Cold-weather biking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruiser_bicycle" title="Cruiser bicycle">Cruiser bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_rickshaw" title="Cycle rickshaw">Cycle rickshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclo-cross_bicycle" title="Cyclo-cross bicycle">Cyclo-cross bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downhill_bike" title="Downhill bike">Downhill bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enduro_(mountain_biking)" title="Enduro (mountain biking)">Enduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatbike" title="Fatbike">Fatbike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_bar_road_bike" title="Flat bar road bike">Flat bar road bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folding_bicycle" title="Folding bicycle">Folding bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-kart" title="Go-kart">Go-kart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cycling" title="Glossary of cycling">Glossary of cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_bicycle" title="Hybrid bicycle">Hybrid bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorized_bicycle" title="Motorized bicycle">Motorized bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_bike" title="Mountain bike">Mountain bike</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_biking" title="Mountain biking">Mountain biking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27.5_Mountain_bike" class="mw-redirect" title="27.5 Mountain bike">27.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downhill_mountain_biking" title="Downhill mountain biking">Downhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_track_(mountain_biking)" title="Single track (mountain biking)">Singletrack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_bike" title="Party bike">Party bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny-farthing" title="Penny-farthing">Penny-farthing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porteur_bicycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Porteur bicycle">Porteur bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prone_bicycle" title="Prone bicycle">Prone bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadracycle" title="Quadracycle">Quadracycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recumbent_bicycle" title="Recumbent bicycle">Recumbent bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle" title="Road bicycle">Road bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadster_(bicycle)" title="Roadster (bicycle)">Roadster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_bicycle" title="Safety bicycle">Safety bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociable" title="Sociable">Sociable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-wheel_bicycle" title="Small-wheel bicycle">Small-wheel bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandem_bicycle" title="Tandem bicycle">Tandem bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touring_bicycle" title="Touring bicycle">Touring bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_bicycle" title="Track bicycle">Track bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailer_bike" title="Trailer bike">Trailer bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricycle" title="Tricycle">Tricycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicycle" title="Unicycle">Unicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_bicycle" title="Utility bicycle">Utility bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velocar" title="Velocar">Velocar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velocipede" title="Velocipede">Velocipede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velomobile" title="Velomobile">Velomobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelie_bike" title="Wheelie bike">Wheelie bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold-weather_biking" title="Cold-weather biking">Cold-weather biking</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ice_cycle" title="Ice cycle">ice cycle</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor">Electric motor</a> assist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_bicycle" title="Electric bicycle">Electric bicycle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedelec" title="Pedelec">Pedelec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorized_bicycle" title="Motorized bicycle">Motorized bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorized_scooter" title="Motorized scooter">Motorized scooter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treadle power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treadle_bicycle" title="Treadle bicycle">Treadle bicycle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other foot power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balance_bike" title="Balance bike">Balance bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandy_horse" title="Dandy horse">Dandy horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kick_scooter" title="Kick scooter">Kick scooter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kickbike" title="Kickbike">Kickbike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kicksled" title="Kicksled">Kicksled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brakeboard" title="Brakeboard">Brakeboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeboard_(skateboard)" title="Freeboard (skateboard)">Freeboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeskates" title="Freeskates">Freeskates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longboard_(skateboard)" title="Longboard (skateboard)">Longboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skateboard" title="Skateboard">Skateboard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hand power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handcar" title="Handcar">Handcar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handcycle" title="Handcycle">Handcycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobcart" title="Hobcart">Hobcart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invalid_carriage" title="Invalid carriage">Invalid carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair" title="Wheelchair">Wheelchair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Row action</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rowing_cycle" title="Rowing cycle">Rowing cycle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pushed/pulled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baby_transport" title="Baby transport">Baby transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baggage_cart" title="Baggage cart">Baggage cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bath_chair" title="Bath chair">Bath chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cart" title="Cart">Cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatbed_trolley" title="Flatbed trolley">Flatbed trolley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_truck" title="Hand truck">Hand truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulled_rickshaw" title="Pulled rickshaw">Pulled rickshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_cart" title="Shopping cart">Shopping cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_caddy" title="Shopping caddy">Shopping caddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stairclimber" title="Stairclimber">Stairclimber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stretcher" title="Stretcher">Stretcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_wagon" title="Toy wagon">Toy wagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelbarrow" title="Wheelbarrow">Wheelbarrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sled" title="Sled">Sled</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Carried</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Litter_(vehicle)" title="Litter (vehicle)">Litter/sedan chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoop_stretcher" title="Scoop stretcher">Scoop stretcher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Weight shifting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trikke" title="Trikke">Trikke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogo_stick" title="Pogo stick">Pogo stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caster_board" title="Caster board">Caster board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snakeboard" title="Snakeboard">Snakeboard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gravity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_racer" title="Gravity racer">Gravity racer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_cart" title="Billy cart">Billy cart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_luge" title="Street luge">Street luge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowboard" title="Snowboard">Snowboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toboggan" title="Toboggan">Toboggan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_toboggan" title="Summer toboggan">Summer toboggan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_biking" title="Gravity biking">Gravity biking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human-powered_watercraft" title="Human-powered watercraft">Water</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hand power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canoe" title="Canoe">Canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayak" title="Kayak">Kayak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddleboarding" title="Paddleboarding">Paddleboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowing" title="Rowing">Rowing</a> (fixed seat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punt_(boat)" title="Punt (boat)">Punt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hand and foot power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rowing" title="Rowing">Rowing</a> (sliding seat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowing" title="Rowing">Rowing</a> (sliding rigger)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foot power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydrocycle" title="Hydrocycle">Hydrocycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human-powered_hydrofoil" title="Human-powered hydrofoil">Hydrofoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedalo" title="Pedalo">Pedalo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Amphibious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_cycle" title="Amphibious cycle">Amphibious cycle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Air</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human-powered_aircraft" title="Human-powered aircraft">Aircraft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_human-powered_aircraft" title="List of human-powered aircraft">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human-powered_helicopter" title="Human-powered helicopter">Helicopter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornithopter" title="Ornithopter">Ornithopter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-vehicular transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foot power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inline_skating" title="Inline skating">Inline skating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inline_skates" title="Inline skates">skates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_skating" title="Roller skating">Roller skating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roller_skates" title="Roller skates">skates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Running" title="Running">Running</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stair_climbing" title="Stair climbing">Stair climbing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Walking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stair_climbing" title="Stair climbing">Stair climbing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Snow and ice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crampons" title="Crampons">Crampons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_skate" title="Ice skate">Ice skates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski" title="Ski">Ski</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_touring_binding" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpine touring binding">Alpine touring skis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-country_skiing" title="Cross-country skiing">Cross-country skis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemark_skiing" title="Telemark skiing">Telemark skis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowshoe" title="Snowshoe">Snowshoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal-powered_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal-powered transport">Animal-powered transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling" title="Cycling">Cycling</a> (<a href="/wiki/Outline_of_cycling" title="Outline of cycling">outline</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bicycle-_and_human-powered_vehicle_museums" title="List of bicycle- and human-powered vehicle museums">Bicycle- and human-powered vehicle museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_power" title="Human power">Human power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-emissions_vehicle" title="Zero-emissions vehicle">Zero-emissions vehicle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6537379#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6537379#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6537379#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4140871-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85144900">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb131627530">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb131627530">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00563376">Japan</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="ウォーキング"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01189098">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="chůze"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph119237&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007548863005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10642084">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walking&oldid=1258740219">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walking&oldid=1258740219</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Walking" title="Category:Walking">Walking</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hiking" title="Category:Hiking">Hiking</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Private_transport" title="Category:Private transport">Private transport</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2015" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2015">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_September_2009" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from September 2009">Articles needing additional references from September 2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_July_2018" title="Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from July 2018">Wikipedia articles in need of updating from July 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating">All Wikipedia articles in need of updating</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_multiple_maintenance_issues" title="Category:Articles with multiple maintenance issues">Articles with multiple maintenance issues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2018" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2018">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_video_clips" title="Category:Articles containing video clips">Articles containing video clips</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 November 2024, at 10:14<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walking&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-vrhlg","wgBackendResponseTime":1381,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.003","walltime":"1.232","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7009,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":262897,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":11504,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":20,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":289260,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 998.785 1 -total"," 44.85% 447.998 1 Template:Reflist"," 24.55% 245.226 28 Template:Cite_journal"," 11.70% 116.855 11 Template:Navbox"," 7.89% 78.828 1 Template:Walking"," 6.53% 65.257 17 Template:Cite_web"," 6.50% 64.950 6 Template:Citation_needed"," 6.39% 63.853 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.85% 58.388 1 Template:Multiple_issues"," 5.34% 53.315 3 Template:Sister_project"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.601","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9270876,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-vrhlg","timestamp":"20241123064646","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Walking","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Walking","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6537379","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6537379","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-08-19T18:46:26Z","dateModified":"2024-11-21T10:14:37Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d5\/CGI_Human_Walk.jpg","headline":"one of the main gaits of locomotion among legged animals, typically slower than running and other gaits; characterized by a 'vaulting' movement of the body over the legs, frequently described as an inverted pendulum"}</script> </body> </html>