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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Severe earthquake centered in Ardabil, northern Iran</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">1977 Naghan earthquake</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:right;clear:right"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iran_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1977 Naghan earthquake is located in Iran"><img alt="1977 Naghan earthquake is located in Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Iran_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Iran_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Iran_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Iran_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Iran_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Iran_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1071" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.742%;left:38.634%;font-size:100%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tehran"><img alt="Tehran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/8px-Green_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/12px-Green_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/16px-Green_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Tehran</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:52.613%;left:35.176%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-20px;top:-20px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="1977 Naghan earthquake"><img alt="1977 Naghan earthquake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bullseye1.png/40px-Bullseye1.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bullseye1.png/60px-Bullseye1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bullseye1.png/80px-Bullseye1.png 2x" data-file-width="1610" data-file-height="1610" /></span></span></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a> time</th><td class="infobox-data">1977-04-06 13:36:37</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Seismological_Centre" title="International Seismological Centre">ISC</a> event</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isc.ac.uk/cgi-bin/FormatBibprint.pl?evid=699473">699473</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">USGS-<a href="/wiki/Advanced_National_Seismic_System" title="Advanced National Seismic System">ANSS</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp0000n9n">ComCat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Local date</th><td class="infobox-data">April 6, 1977<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1977-04-06</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Magnitude</th><td class="infobox-data">6.0 <a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mw" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000003-QINU`"'</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Moment mag. scale">M<sub>w</sub></span></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Depth</th><td class="infobox-data">6 km (3.7 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Epicenter</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=1977_Naghan_earthquake&params=31.845_N_50.711_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°50′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">50°42′40″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.845°N 50.711°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.845; 50.711</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-ISC-GEM_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISC-GEM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fault_(geology)" title="Fault (geology)">Reverse</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Areas affected</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Maximum">Max.</abbr> intensity</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="background-color:rgba(255, 145, 0); padding:4px; color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Modified_Mercalli_intensity_scale#mmi-8" title="Modified Mercalli intensity scale"><span style="color:black;">MMI VIII (<i>Severe</i>)</span></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Casualties</th><td class="infobox-data">348 killed</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>1977 Naghan earthquake</b> struck <a href="/wiki/Chaharmahal_and_Bakhtiari_province" title="Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province">Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province</a> in Iran on April 6 at 13:36 UTC. The <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquake</a> measuring 6.0 M<sub>w</sub>  occurred at a depth of 15 km (9.3 mi) and had a maximum <a href="/wiki/Modified_Mercalli_intensity_scale" title="Modified Mercalli intensity scale">Modified Mercalli intensity</a> of VIII (<i>Severe</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-usgs_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 2,100 homes were destroyed and at least 348 people died. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tectonic_setting">Tectonic setting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1977_Naghan_earthquake&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Tectonic setting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iran is a region that accommodates oblique convergence through thrust and strike-slip faults with clear <a href="/wiki/Geomorphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Geomorphic">geomorphic</a> expression at the surface. These pure thrust and pure strike-slip faults run parallel to each other. Beginning in the <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cenozoic" title="Cenozoic">Cenozoic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Continental_collision" title="Continental collision">continental collision</a> involving the Arabian plate and Central Iran formed the 1,200 km (750 mi)-long <a href="/wiki/Zagros_Mountains" title="Zagros Mountains">Zagros Mountains</a>. The mountain belt trends northwest–southeast from <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Anatolia_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Anatolia Region">Eastern Anatolia</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Hormuz" title="Strait of Hormuz">Strait of Hormuz</a>. Approximately 30–50 percent of the ~25 cm (9.8 in)/yr convergence between the Arabian and Eurasian plates is accommodated along the Zagros.<sup id="cite_ref-Yamini-Fard06_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yamini-Fard06-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Earthquake">Earthquake</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1977_Naghan_earthquake&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Earthquake"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Major faults in this zone include the Main Zagros Reverse Fault (MZRF) which is an inactive <a href="/wiki/Thrust_fault" title="Thrust fault">thrust fault</a> bounding the northern Zagros. This fault was active when subduction was ongoing. The fault became inactive when suturing occurred and continental collision began. The Kazerun—Borazjan Fault (KBF) system is another major structure, consisting of a wide zone of right-lateral faults that cuts through the belt. It lies in the middle of the belt. To the east, the <a href="/wiki/Zagros_fold_and_thrust_belt" title="Zagros fold and thrust belt">Zagros fold and thrust zone</a> accommodates convergence through thrust and strike-slip faulting. Strike-slip faulting is mainly accommodated along the northwest–southeast trending Main Recent Fault which displays right-lateral displacement. The fault is parallel to the MZRF and mountain belt. The KBF fault accommodate the different rate of convergence between the northwestern and southeastern belt. It consists of three segments—the Dena, Kazerun, and Borazjan faults. At its southern extent, these fault segments curve to the east and display reverse faulting. The northern KBF meets the Main Recent Fault (Ardal Fault segment) near <a href="/wiki/Borujen" title="Borujen">Borujen</a> where it also accommodates strike-slip deformation. The MRF also runs parallel to the belt.<sup id="cite_ref-Yamini-Fard06_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yamini-Fard06-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seismicity on the Ardal Fault is high—earthquakes were recorded near the fault in 1666, 1874 and 1880. Along the Dena Fault, earthquakes were recorded in 1934, 1975 and 1989. The earthquake on April 6, 1977, occurred near the Ardal Fault. It displayed a both reverse and strike-slip focal mechanism but no surface ruptures were identified. The fault plane was identified as trending west-northwest–east-southeast. A focal depth of 6 km (3.7 mi) was calculated. The reverse focal mechanism is inconsistent with rupture on the Dena Fault and suggest it was produced on the Dopolan or the Gazulak faults. These north–northeast dipping reverse faults produce surface expressions further south of the epicenter.<sup id="cite_ref-Yamini-Fard06_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yamini-Fard06-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact">Impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1977_Naghan_earthquake&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earthquake devastated a 150 km<sup>2</sup> (58 sq mi) area where a large majority of homes in the area were constructed of brick and masonry. Due to their brittle walls and heavy roofs, many of these construction were damaged or collapsed, often killing people. At least 348 people died and another 200 were injured. Approximately 2,100 homes were heavily damaged.<sup id="cite_ref-Berberian78_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berberian78-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The highest number of deaths was recorded at <a href="/wiki/Naghan" title="Naghan">Naghan</a>, where 202 died. There were 43 and 64 fatalities at <a href="/wiki/Jaghdan" title="Jaghdan">Jaghdan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ardal" title="Ardal">Ardal</a>, respectively. At <a href="/wiki/Dastgerd" title="Dastgerd">Dastgerd</a>, 11 were killed. Eight schools were razed while another 37 were damaged. The earthquake occurred during a period of heavy rainfall. This amplified the destruction in areas on alluvium with high clay saturation. Landslides occurred on the steep mountain slopes, affecting villages. There was additional damage from the aftershocks. In <a href="/wiki/Jaghdan" title="Jaghdan">Jaghdan</a>, all adobe brick homes were lost. Masonry construction were also affected—one school in <a href="/wiki/Ardal" title="Ardal">Ardal</a> was partially destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-Berberian78_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berberian78-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1977_Naghan_earthquake&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_1977" title="List of earthquakes in 1977">List of earthquakes in 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Iran" title="List of earthquakes in Iran">List of earthquakes in Iran</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1977_Naghan_earthquake&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ISC-GEM-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ISC-GEM_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFISC2022" class="citation cs2">ISC (27 June 2022), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isc.ac.uk/iscgem/index.php"><i>ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2009)</i></a>, Version 9.1, <a href="/wiki/International_Seismological_Centre" title="International Seismological Centre">International Seismological Centre</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISC-GEM+Global+Instrumental+Earthquake+Catalogue+%281900%E2%80%932009%29&rft.series=Version+9.1&rft.pub=International+Seismological+Centre&rft.date=2022-06-27&rft.au=ISC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isc.ac.uk%2Fiscgem%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1977+Naghan+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usgs-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-usgs_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFANSS:M_5.9_–_32_km_SSE_of_Fārsān,_Iran1977" class="citation encyclopaedia cs2"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_National_Seismic_System" title="Advanced National Seismic System">ANSS</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp0000n9n">"M 5.9 – 32 km SSE of Fārsān, Iran 1977"</a>, <i>Comprehensive Catalog</i>, U.S. Geological Survey</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=M+5.9+%E2%80%93+32+km+SSE+of+F%C4%81rs%C4%81n%2C+Iran+1977&rft.btitle=Comprehensive+Catalog&rft.pub=U.S.+Geological+Survey&rft.au=ANSS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Feventpage%2Fusp0000n9n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1977+Naghan+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yamini-Fard06-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yamini-Fard06_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yamini-Fard06_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yamini-Fard06_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYamini-FardHatzfeldTatarMokhtari2006" class="citation journal cs1">Yamini-Fard, F.; Hatzfeld, D.; Tatar, M.; Mokhtari, M. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-246X.2006.02891.x">"Microearthquake seismicity at the intersection between the Kazerun fault and the Main Recent Fault (Zagros, Iran)"</a>. <i>Geophysical Journal International</i>. <b>166</b> (1): 186–196. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006GeoJI.166..186Y">2006GeoJI.166..186Y</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-246X.2006.02891.x">10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.02891.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:130787307">130787307</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Journal+International&rft.atitle=Microearthquake+seismicity+at+the+intersection+between+the+Kazerun+fault+and+the+Main+Recent+Fault+%28Zagros%2C+Iran%29&rft.volume=166&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=186-196&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A130787307%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-246X.2006.02891.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006GeoJI.166..186Y&rft.aulast=Yamini-Fard&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Hatzfeld%2C+D.&rft.au=Tatar%2C+M.&rft.au=Mokhtari%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1365-246X.2006.02891.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1977+Naghan+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Berberian78-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Berberian78_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berberian78_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerberianNavai1978" class="citation journal cs1">Berberian, M.; Navai, I. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4401%2Fag-4741">"Naghan (Chahar Mahal Bakhtiari-High Zagros, Iran) Earthquake of 6 april 1977. A preliminary field report and a seismotectonic discussion"</a>. <i>Annals of Geophysics</i>. <b>31</b> (1): 5–27. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4401%2Fag-4741">10.4401/ag-4741</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:126620209">126620209</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Geophysics&rft.atitle=Naghan+%28Chahar+Mahal+Bakhtiari-High+Zagros%2C+Iran%29+Earthquake+of+6+april+1977.+A+preliminary+field+report+and+a+seismotectonic+discussion&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5-27&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4401%2Fag-4741&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A126620209%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Berberian&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Navai%2C+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4401%252Fag-4741&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1977+Naghan+earthquake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1977_Naghan_earthquake&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isc.ac.uk/">International Seismological Centre</a> has a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isc.ac.uk/cgi-bin/FormatBibprint.pl?evid=699473">bibliography</a> and/or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isc.ac.uk/cgi-bin/web-db-v4?event_id=699473&out_format=IMS1.0&request=COMPREHENSIVE">authoritative data</a> for this event.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Earthquakes_in_1977" title="Template:Earthquakes in 1977"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Earthquakes_in_1977" title="Template talk:Earthquakes in 1977"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Earthquakes_in_1977" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Earthquakes in 1977"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_Earthquakes_in_1977_→" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_1976" title="List of earthquakes in 1976">←</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_1977" title="List of earthquakes in 1977">Earthquakes in 1977</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_1978" title="List of earthquakes in 1978">→</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1977_Vrancea_earthquake" title="1977 Vrancea earthquake">Vrancea</a> (7.2, Mar 4) <b>†‡</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Khurgu_earthquake" title="1977 Khurgu earthquake">Khurgu</a> (6.7, Mar 21) <b>†</b></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Naghan</a> (6.0, Apr 6) <b>†</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Tonga_earthquake" title="1977 Tonga earthquake">Tonga</a> (8.0, Jun 22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Sumba_earthquake" title="1977 Sumba earthquake">Sumba</a> (8.3, Aug 19) <b>†</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_San_Juan_earthquake" title="1977 San Juan earthquake">San Juan</a> (7.4, Nov 23) <b>†</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Bob%E2%80%93Tangol_earthquake" title="1977 Bob–Tangol earthquake">Bob–Tangol</a> (5.9, Dec 19) <b>†</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>†</b> indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths<br /> <b>‡</b> indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Earthquakes_in_Iran" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Earthquakes_in_Iran" title="Template:Earthquakes in Iran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Earthquakes_in_Iran" title="Template talk:Earthquakes in Iran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Earthquakes_in_Iran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Earthquakes in Iran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Earthquakes_in_Iran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Iran" title="List of earthquakes in Iran">Earthquakes in Iran</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/856_Damghan_earthquake" title="856 Damghan earthquake">856 Damghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/893_Ardabil_earthquake" title="893 Ardabil earthquake">893 Ardabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1667_Shamakhi_earthquake" title="1667 Shamakhi earthquake">1667 Shamakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1641_Tabriz_earthquake" title="1641 Tabriz earthquake">1641 Tabriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1679_Armenia_earthquake" title="1679 Armenia earthquake">1679 Yerevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1721_Tabriz_earthquake" title="1721 Tabriz earthquake">1721 Tabriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1727_Tabriz_earthquake" title="1727 Tabriz earthquake">1727 Tabriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1778_Kashan_earthquake" title="1778 Kashan earthquake">1778 Kashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1780_Tabriz_earthquake" title="1780 Tabriz earthquake">1780 Tabriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_Ahora_earthquake" title="1840 Ahora earthquake">1840 Ahora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1853_Shiraz_earthquake" title="1853 Shiraz earthquake">1853 Shiraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1871%E2%80%9372_Quchan_earthquakes" title="1871–72 Quchan earthquakes">1871–72 Quchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1879_Bozqush_earthquake" title="1879 Bozqush earthquake">1879 Bozqush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_Quchan_earthquake" title="1893 Quchan earthquake">1893 Quchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1895_Quchan_earthquake" title="1895 Quchan earthquake">1895 Quchan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1909_Borujerd_earthquake" title="1909 Borujerd earthquake">1909 Borujerd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_Torbat-e_Heydarieh_earthquake" title="1923 Torbat-e Heydarieh earthquake">1923 Torbat-e Heydarieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_Kopet_Dag_earthquake" title="1929 Kopet Dag earthquake">1929 Kopet Dag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_Salmas_earthquake" title="1930 Salmas earthquake">1930 Salmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Dustabad_earthquake" title="1947 Dustabad earthquake">1947 Dustabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Ashgabat_earthquake" title="1948 Ashgabat earthquake">1948 Ashgabat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Torud_earthquake" title="1953 Torud earthquake">1953 Torud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Alborz_earthquake" title="1957 Alborz earthquake">1957 Alborz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Farsinaj_earthquake" title="1957 Farsinaj earthquake">1957 Farsinaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Firuzabad_earthquake" title="1958 Firuzabad earthquake">1958 Firuzabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Dasht-e_Bayaz_and_Ferdows_earthquakes" title="1968 Dasht-e Bayaz and Ferdows earthquakes">1968 Dasht-e Bayaz and Ferdows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Qir_earthquake" title="1972 Qir earthquake">1972 Qir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Khurgu_earthquake" title="1977 Khurgu earthquake">1977 Khurgu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1977 Naghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Bob%E2%80%93Tangol_earthquake" title="1977 Bob–Tangol earthquake">1977 Bob–Tangol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Tabas_earthquake" title="1978 Tabas earthquake">1978 Tabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Ghaenat_earthquakes" title="1979 Ghaenat earthquakes">1979 Ghaenat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Golbaf_earthquake" title="1981 Golbaf earthquake">1981 Golbaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Sirch_earthquake" title="1981 Sirch earthquake">1981 Sirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Manjil%E2%80%93Rudbar_earthquake" title="1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake">1990 Manjil–Rudbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Bojnurd_earthquake" title="1997 Bojnurd earthquake">1997 Bojnurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Ardabil_earthquake" title="1997 Ardabil earthquake">1997 Ardabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Qayen_earthquake" title="1997 Qayen earthquake">1997 Qayen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Bou%27in-Zahra_earthquake" title="2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake">2002 Bou'in-Zahra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Bam_earthquake" title="2003 Bam earthquake">2003 Bam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Baladeh_earthquake" title="2004 Baladeh earthquake">2004 Baladeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Zarand_earthquake" title="2005 Zarand earthquake">2005 Zarand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Qeshm_earthquake" title="2005 Qeshm earthquake">2005 Qeshm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Borujerd_earthquake" title="2006 Borujerd earthquake">2006 Borujerd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Qeshm_earthquake" title="2008 Qeshm earthquake">2008 Qeshm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2010_Iran_earthquake" title="July 2010 Iran earthquake">July 2010 Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Damghan_earthquake" title="2010 Damghan earthquake">2010 Damghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Hosseinabad_earthquake" title="2010 Hosseinabad earthquake">2010 Hosseinabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_East_Azerbaijan_earthquakes" title="2012 East Azerbaijan earthquakes">2012 East Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Zohan_earthquake" title="2012 Zohan earthquake">2012 Zohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Bushehr_earthquake" title="2013 Bushehr earthquake">2013 Bushehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Saravan_earthquake" title="2013 Saravan earthquake">2013 Saravan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Borazjan_earthquake" title="2013 Borazjan earthquake">2013 Borazjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Murmuri_earthquake" title="2014 Murmuri earthquake">2014 Murmuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_earthquake" title="2017 Iran–Iraq earthquake">2017 Kermanshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Sarpol-e_Zahab_earthquake" title="2018 Sarpol-e Zahab earthquake">2018 Sarpol-e Zahab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_East_Azerbaijan_earthquake" title="2019 East Azerbaijan earthquake">2019 East Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Iran%E2%80%93Turkey_earthquakes" title="2020 Iran–Turkey earthquakes">2020 Khoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Hormozgan_earthquakes" title="2021 Hormozgan earthquakes">2021 Hormozgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Hormozgan_earthquakes" title="2022 Hormozgan earthquakes">2022 Hormozgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_West_Azerbaijan_earthquakes" title="2022–2023 West Azerbaijan earthquakes">2022–2023 West Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Razavi_Khorasan_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Razavi Khorasan earthquake">2024 Razavi Khorasan</a></li></ul> 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