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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Clementinum</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klementin" title="Klementin – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Klementin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Клеменцінум – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Клеменцінум" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Клемэнтынум – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Клемэнтынум" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BC_(%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0)" title="Клементинум (Прага) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Клементинум (Прага)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klementinum" title="Klementinum – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Klementinum" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clementinum" title="Clementinum – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Clementinum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klementinum" title="Klementinum – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Klementinum" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clementinum" title="Clementinum – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Clementinum" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clementinum" title="Clementinum – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Clementinum" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klementinum" title="Klementinum – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Klementinum" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clementinum" title="Clementinum – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Clementinum" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%B4%EB%A0%88%EB%A9%98%ED%8B%B0%EB%88%94" title="클레멘티눔 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="클레멘티눔" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4_(%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6)" title="Կլեմենտինում (գրադարան) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կլեմենտինում (գրադարան)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clementinum" title="Clementinum – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Clementinum" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klementinum" title="Klementinum – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Klementinum" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clementinum" title="Clementinum – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Clementinum" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clementinum" title="Clementinum – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Clementinum" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clementinum" title="Clementinum – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Clementinum" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clementinum" title="Clementinum – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Clementinum" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Клементинум – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Клементинум" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klementinum" title="Klementinum – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Klementinum" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BC_(%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3)" title="Клементинум (Праг) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Клементинум (Праг)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Клементінум – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Клементінум" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A7n_th%E1%BB%83_ki%E1%BA%BFn_tr%C3%BAc_Clementinum" title="Quần thể kiến trúc Clementinum – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quần thể kiến trúc Clementinum" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E9%97%A8%E7%89%B9%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="克莱门特学院 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="克莱门特学院" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1100429#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Clementinum&params=50_05_12_N_14_24_59_E_type:city(70)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°05′12″N</span> <span class="longitude">14°24′59″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.08667°N 14.41639°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.08667; 14.41639</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Building complex in Prague, currently a library</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the building itself. For the library it houses, see <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">National Library of the Czech Republic</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Klementinum_z_Mari%C3%A1nsk%C3%A9ho_n%C3%A1m_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Klementinum_z_Mari%C3%A1nsk%C3%A9ho_n%C3%A1m_4.jpg/220px-Klementinum_z_Mari%C3%A1nsk%C3%A9ho_n%C3%A1m_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Klementinum_z_Mari%C3%A1nsk%C3%A9ho_n%C3%A1m_4.jpg/330px-Klementinum_z_Mari%C3%A1nsk%C3%A9ho_n%C3%A1m_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Klementinum_z_Mari%C3%A1nsk%C3%A9ho_n%C3%A1m_4.jpg/440px-Klementinum_z_Mari%C3%A1nsk%C3%A9ho_n%C3%A1m_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1850" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>East entrance of the Clementinum</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Clementinum</b> (<a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>: <i lang="cs">Klementinum</i>) is a historic complex of buildings in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> which houses the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">National Library of the Czech Republic</a>. </p><p>Until recently the complex hosted the National, University and Technical libraries; the City Library was also nearby on Mariánské Náměstí. In 2009, the Technical library moved to the <a href="/wiki/Prague_National_Technical_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Prague National Technical Library">Prague National Technical Library</a> at Technická 6.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Library_of_Prague" title="Municipal Library of Prague">Municipal library</a> is located in the adjacent building on Mariánské Náměstí, where you'll find the famous Idiom installation (known as the <i>book tower)</i> in the foyer. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clementinum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Charles_University_in_Prague#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles University in Prague">History of Charles University in Prague</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prague_from_Klementinum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Prague_from_Klementinum.jpg/220px-Prague_from_Klementinum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Prague_from_Klementinum.jpg/330px-Prague_from_Klementinum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Prague_from_Klementinum.jpg/440px-Prague_from_Klementinum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="582" /></a><figcaption>View of Prague from the Clementinum</figcaption></figure> <p>Its history dates from the existence of a <a href="/wiki/Chapel" title="Chapel">chapel</a> dedicated to Saint Clement in the 11th century. A Dominican <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a> was founded in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">medieval period</a>, which was strongly damaged in <a href="/wiki/1420" title="1420">1420</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Hussite_Wars" title="Hussite Wars">hussite wars</a> and later transformed in <a href="/wiki/1556" title="1556">1556</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> college. In <a href="/wiki/1622" title="1622">1622</a> the Jesuits transferred the <a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">library</a> of <a href="/wiki/Charles_University" title="Charles University">Charles University</a> to the Clementinum, and the college was merged with the University in <a href="/wiki/1654" title="1654">1654</a>. The main building phase of Clementinum was between the years <a href="/wiki/1709" title="1709">1709</a>-<a href="/wiki/1726" title="1726">1726</a> during which for example the Baroque library was built. The Jesuits remained until their <a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_the_Society_of_Jesus" title="Suppression of the Society of Jesus">suppression</a> in <a href="/wiki/1773" title="1773">1773</a>, when the Clementinum was established as an <a href="/wiki/Observatory" title="Observatory">observatory</a>, library, and university by the Empress <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Theresa of Austria">Maria Theresa of Austria</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clementinum_astronomical_tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Clementinum_astronomical_tower.jpg/220px-Clementinum_astronomical_tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Clementinum_astronomical_tower.jpg/330px-Clementinum_astronomical_tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Clementinum_astronomical_tower.jpg/440px-Clementinum_astronomical_tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1872" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>Clementinum Astronomical tower</figcaption></figure> <p>The National Library was founded in 1781 and from 1782 the Clementinum was a <a href="/wiki/Legal_deposit" title="Legal deposit">legal deposit</a> library. </p><p>In 1791, the Clementinum was the site of the first <a href="/wiki/World%27s_fair" title="World's fair">World's Fair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This industrial exhibition was held to celebrate the coronation of <a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II</a> as king of <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a>, and served to highlight the sophistication of manufacturing in <a href="/wiki/Czech_lands" title="Czech lands">Czech lands</a> during that period.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1918 the newly established <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czecho-Slovak state</a> took over the library. Since 1990, it has been the National Library. It contains a collection of <a href="/wiki/Mozart" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozart">Mozartiana</a>, material pertaining to <a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Comenius" class="mw-redirect" title="Comenius">Comenius</a>, as well as historic examples of <a href="/wiki/Czech_literature" title="Czech literature">Czech literature</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a> is a notable example of <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque architecture</a> and the Clementinum, covering 20,000 square metres, is the second largest complex of buildings in Prague after <a href="/wiki/Prague_Castle" title="Prague Castle">Prague Castle</a>. </p><p>For several years before 2006, there was an ongoing debate on the possibilities of expanding the space for future library collections, as space in the current Clementinum buildings was expected to reach its limit by 2010. On 10 Jan 2006, the Prague authorities decided to sell the city-owned property located in the area of <a href="/wiki/Letn%C3%A1" title="Letná">Letná</a>, near the centre of Prague, to the National Library. In Spring 2006, an international <a href="/wiki/Architectural_design_competition" title="Architectural design competition">architectural design competition</a> for the new building was put up. The architect who won the competition was <a href="/wiki/Jan_Kaplick%C3%BD" title="Jan Kaplický">Jan Kaplický</a>, but the decision was overruled, so the Czech National Library is still waiting for its final project. </p><p>In 2005, the Czech National Library received the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/Jikji_prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Jikji prize">Jikji prize</a> (Memory of the World). </p><p>Since 2023 <b>Prague City Tourism, a. s.</b>, a company owned by the City of Prague, runs the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prague.eu/cs/objevujte/astronomicka-vez-a-barokni-knihovna-klementinum">baroque route in the Clementinum</a> which includes the Baroque library and the Astronomical tower. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Curiosities">Curiosities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clementinum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Curiosities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clementinum_baroque_library_7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Clementinum_baroque_library_7.jpg/220px-Clementinum_baroque_library_7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Clementinum_baroque_library_7.jpg/330px-Clementinum_baroque_library_7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Clementinum_baroque_library_7.jpg/440px-Clementinum_baroque_library_7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4939" data-file-height="3293" /></a><figcaption>Baroque library hall</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>At one time the Clementinum was known as the third largest <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> college in the world.</li> <li>The oldest weather recording in the area of the <a href="/wiki/Czech_lands" title="Czech lands">Czech lands</a> started in Clementinum in the year 1775. The recording continues through the present day.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Clementinum is mentioned in "<a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Miracle" title="The Secret Miracle">The Secret Miracle</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Luis_Borges" title="Jorge Luis Borges">Jorge Luis Borges</a>. The main character has a dream of the library of Clementinum where the librarians look for God in the books of the library. One of the librarians says: <i>God is in one of the letters of one of the pages of one of the four hundred thousand books of Clementinum. My fathers and the fathers of my fathers have looked for this letter; I myself have gone blind looking for it</i>. So, a reader enters and delivers an <a href="/wiki/Atlas" title="Atlas">atlas</a> for the main character, saying that this atlas is useless. The main character opens the book at random, and find a map of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, touching one of its minimum letters and, then, finds <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>.</li> <li>The Baroque library hall inside Clementinum is known for its beautiful interior, including ceiling artwork by Jan Hiebl which shows the medieval depiction of human knowledge.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clementinum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Praha,_Star%C3%A9_M%C4%9Bsto,_Karolinum,_Slovansk%C3%A1_knihovna,_pohled_do_dvora_Klementina_II.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Prague Clementinum seen from top floor, where Slavic library is situated."><img alt="Prague Clementinum seen from top floor, where Slavic library is situated." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Praha%2C_Star%C3%A9_M%C4%9Bsto%2C_Karolinum%2C_Slovansk%C3%A1_knihovna%2C_pohled_do_dvora_Klementina_II.JPG/105px-Praha%2C_Star%C3%A9_M%C4%9Bsto%2C_Karolinum%2C_Slovansk%C3%A1_knihovna%2C_pohled_do_dvora_Klementina_II.JPG" decoding="async" width="105" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Praha%2C_Star%C3%A9_M%C4%9Bsto%2C_Karolinum%2C_Slovansk%C3%A1_knihovna%2C_pohled_do_dvora_Klementina_II.JPG/157px-Praha%2C_Star%C3%A9_M%C4%9Bsto%2C_Karolinum%2C_Slovansk%C3%A1_knihovna%2C_pohled_do_dvora_Klementina_II.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Praha%2C_Star%C3%A9_M%C4%9Bsto%2C_Karolinum%2C_Slovansk%C3%A1_knihovna%2C_pohled_do_dvora_Klementina_II.JPG/210px-Praha%2C_Star%C3%A9_M%C4%9Bsto%2C_Karolinum%2C_Slovansk%C3%A1_knihovna%2C_pohled_do_dvora_Klementina_II.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2136" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Prague Clementinum seen from top floor, where Slavic library is situated.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Klementinum,_z%C3%A1pad.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance to the building from Křižovnická street."><img alt="Entrance to the building from Křižovnická street." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Klementinum%2C_z%C3%A1pad.jpg/130px-Klementinum%2C_z%C3%A1pad.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Klementinum%2C_z%C3%A1pad.jpg/195px-Klementinum%2C_z%C3%A1pad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Klementinum%2C_z%C3%A1pad.jpg/260px-Klementinum%2C_z%C3%A1pad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance to the building from Křižovnická street.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Klementinum_zrcadlov%C3%A1_kaple_int_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Mirror Chapel."><img alt="The Mirror Chapel." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Klementinum_zrcadlov%C3%A1_kaple_int_2.jpg/130px-Klementinum_zrcadlov%C3%A1_kaple_int_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Klementinum_zrcadlov%C3%A1_kaple_int_2.jpg/195px-Klementinum_zrcadlov%C3%A1_kaple_int_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Klementinum_zrcadlov%C3%A1_kaple_int_2.jpg/260px-Klementinum_zrcadlov%C3%A1_kaple_int_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Mirror Chapel.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Praha,_Star%C3%A9_M%C4%9Bsto,_Klementinum,_Slovansk%C3%A1_knihovna,_malba.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Inside the Clementinum, Old Town, Prague."><img alt="Inside the Clementinum, Old Town, Prague." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Praha%2C_Star%C3%A9_M%C4%9Bsto%2C_Klementinum%2C_Slovansk%C3%A1_knihovna%2C_malba.JPG/130px-Praha%2C_Star%C3%A9_M%C4%9Bsto%2C_Klementinum%2C_Slovansk%C3%A1_knihovna%2C_malba.JPG" decoding="async" width="130" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Praha%2C_Star%C3%A9_M%C4%9Bsto%2C_Klementinum%2C_Slovansk%C3%A1_knihovna%2C_malba.JPG/195px-Praha%2C_Star%C3%A9_M%C4%9Bsto%2C_Klementinum%2C_Slovansk%C3%A1_knihovna%2C_malba.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Praha%2C_Star%C3%A9_M%C4%9Bsto%2C_Klementinum%2C_Slovansk%C3%A1_knihovna%2C_malba.JPG/260px-Praha%2C_Star%C3%A9_M%C4%9Bsto%2C_Klementinum%2C_Slovansk%C3%A1_knihovna%2C_malba.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inside the Clementinum, Old Town, Prague.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prague-Clementinum-wall_with_sundials.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wall with sundials, inside the Clementinum"><img alt="Wall with sundials, inside the Clementinum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Prague-Clementinum-wall_with_sundials.jpg/130px-Prague-Clementinum-wall_with_sundials.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Prague-Clementinum-wall_with_sundials.jpg/195px-Prague-Clementinum-wall_with_sundials.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Prague-Clementinum-wall_with_sundials.jpg/260px-Prague-Clementinum-wall_with_sundials.jpg 2x" data-file-width="918" data-file-height="646" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wall with sundials, inside the Clementinum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prague_Praha_2014_Holmstad_observasjonst%C3%A5rnet_Klementinum_observation_tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Astronomical tower."><img alt="Astronomical tower." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Prague_Praha_2014_Holmstad_observasjonst%C3%A5rnet_Klementinum_observation_tower.jpg/93px-Prague_Praha_2014_Holmstad_observasjonst%C3%A5rnet_Klementinum_observation_tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Prague_Praha_2014_Holmstad_observasjonst%C3%A5rnet_Klementinum_observation_tower.jpg/140px-Prague_Praha_2014_Holmstad_observasjonst%C3%A5rnet_Klementinum_observation_tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Prague_Praha_2014_Holmstad_observasjonst%C3%A5rnet_Klementinum_observation_tower.jpg/186px-Prague_Praha_2014_Holmstad_observasjonst%C3%A5rnet_Klementinum_observation_tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Astronomical tower.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clementinum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_early_modern_universities_in_Europe" title="List of early modern universities in Europe">List of early modern universities in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jesuit_sites" title="List of Jesuit sites">List of Jesuit sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strahov_Monastery" title="Strahov Monastery">Strahov Monastery</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clementinum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.praguerealestate.cz/the-magic-of-the-national-technical-library-a-building-for-the-new-generation-clanek_200809022/">The Magic of the National Technical Library</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111116055359/http://www.praguerealestate.cz/the-magic-of-the-national-technical-library-a-building-for-the-new-generation-clanek_200809022/">Archived</a> 16 November 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at Prague Real Estate</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon 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.citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKárníková1965" class="citation book cs1">Kárníková, Ludmila (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblio.hiu.cas.cz/records/ad18aaac-4b7b-495e-afed-ef9c64eb55c8?locale=en"><i>Vývoj obyvatelstva v českých zemích 1754–1914</i></a> (1 ed.). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/Slavonic/Czech_Hist8.html">the original</a> on 16 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+era+of+enlightenment&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arts.gla.ac.uk%2FSlavonic%2FCzech_Hist8.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClementinum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080424024956/http://www.chmi.cz/meteo/ok/klemhiste.html">"Brief History of Meteorological Measurements"</a>. Czech Hydrometeorological Institute. 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.navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_libraries_of_Europe" title="Template:National libraries of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_libraries_of_Europe" title="Template talk:National libraries of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_libraries_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National libraries of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_libraries_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_library" title="National library">National libraries</a> of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Albania" title="National Library of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra_National_Library" title="Andorra National Library">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Armenia" title="National Library of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_National_Library" title="Austrian National Library">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Azerbaijan" title="National Library of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Belarus" title="National Library of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Library_of_Belgium" title="Royal Library of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_and_University_Library_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="National and University Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS._Cyril_and_Methodius_National_Library" title="SS. Cyril and Methodius National Library">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_and_University_Library_in_Zagreb" title="National and University Library in Zagreb">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Library" title="Cyprus Library">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Library,_Denmark" title="Royal Library, Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Estonia" title="National Library of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Finland" title="National Library of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Parliamentary_Library_of_Georgia" title="National Parliamentary Library of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_National_Library" title="German National Library">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Greece" title="National Library of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Sz%C3%A9ch%C3%A9nyi_Library" title="National Széchényi Library">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_and_University_Library_of_Iceland" title="National and University Library of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Ireland" title="National Library of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Libraries_of_Italy" title="National Libraries of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Kazakhstan" title="National Library of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Latvia" title="National Library of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_State_Library" title="Liechtenstein State Library">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martynas_Ma%C5%BEvydas_National_Library_of_Lithuania" title="Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Luxembourg" title="National Library of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Malta" title="National Library of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Moldova" title="National Library of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Notari_Library" title="Louis Notari Library">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Montenegro" title="National Library of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Library_of_the_Netherlands" title="Royal Library of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_and_University_Library_%22St._Kliment_of_Ohrid%22" title="National and University Library "St. Kliment of Ohrid"">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Norway" title="National Library of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Poland" title="National Library of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Portugal" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Romania" title="National Library of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Russia" title="National Library of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Serbia" title="National Library of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Library" title="Slovak National Library">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_and_University_Library_of_Slovenia" title="National and University Library of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Sweden" title="National Library of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Library" title="Swiss National Library">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Turkey" title="National Library of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernadsky_National_Library_of_Ukraine" title="Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linen_Hall_Library" title="Linen Hall Library">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Scotland" title="National Library of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Wales" title="National Library of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Kosovo" title="National Library of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="National Library of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="National Library of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_National_Heritage" title="Manx National Heritage">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Library of Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Library" title="European Library">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxd3m93CVkqVF6dMDWxDq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4355860-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n94000888">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007533105105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output 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