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Asiantuntijat: iso osa onnellisuudesta tulee jo geeneissä, mutta voit vaikuttaa asiaan myös itse</span> </h1> <div class="flex items-center"> <span class="icon icon--time"></span> <span class="clr-C txt-13" property="dc:date dc:created" content="2021-06-28T07:02:02+03:00" datatype="xsd:dateTime" rel="sioc:has_creator"> <span class="published" itemprop="datePublished" content="2021-06-28T07:02:02+03:00">Julkaistu 28.06.2021 07:02.</span> <meta itemprop="dateModified" content="2021-06-28T07:02:02+03:00"> </span> </div> </div> <div class="ydd-article-main-image mb-16 relative"> <div itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" class="ydd-image relative"> <figure role="group"> <img alt="Lapsi nauraa." itemprop="image" content="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/fl_keep_iptc/q_88/w_5315,h_2990,c_crop,x_0,y_390/w_700/v1574234089/39-6136495dd4e773a7393.jpg" data-base-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/" data-yle-id="39-6136495dd4e773a7393" data-crop-coords="w_5315,h_2990,c_crop,x_0,y_390" data-image-width="5315" data-image-height="2990" data-image-version="1574234089" data-copyright="Mika Kanerva" data-caption="Kesä on otollista aikaa tunneonnen kokemiselle." data-ydd-modal-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/q_88/w_5315,h_2990,c_crop,x_0,y_390/w_5315/w_1400,h_1400,c_fit/v1574234089/39-6136495dd4e773a7393.jpg" data-ydd-modal-width="1400" data-ydd-modal-height="788" class="ydd-image__image js-ydd-image lazyload" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 5315 2990'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cpattern id='blurhash' patternUnits='userSpaceOnUse' width='5315' height='2990'%3E%3Cimage href='data:image/webp;base64,UklGRlQAAABXRUJQVlA4IEgAAADwAQCdASoQAAsAAUAmJQBOgCPlvKj2FAAA/vw3gNC9FTv3d7lJ0R2W1YZZVrra27Hi0mdvS2oC97e4ce9bGRxzTO3h4rp16AA=' x='0' y='0' width='100%25' height='100%25' preserveAspectRatio='xMinYMin slice'%3E%3C/image%3E%3C/pattern%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Crect width='100%25' height='100%25' fill='url(%23blurhash)' /%3E%3C/svg%3E" width="5315" height="2990"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/fl_keep_iptc/q_88/w_5315,h_2990,c_crop,x_0,y_390/w_700/v1574234089/39-6136495dd4e773a7393.jpg"> <noscript class="absolute inset-0"><img class="ydd-image__image" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/q_80/w_5315,h_2990,c_crop,x_0,y_390/w_400/v1574234089/39-6136495dd4e773a7393.jpg" alt="Lapsi nauraa."/></noscript> <figcaption class="ydd-image__captions txt-13 pt-8"> <span class="visually-hidden">Kuvateksti</span> <span class="ydd-image__caption clr-F" itemprop="description">Kesä on otollista aikaa tunneonnen kokemiselle.</span> <div class="ydd-image__copyright clr-C" itemprop="copyrightHolder">Kuva: Mika Kanerva</div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="ydd-author-list border-clr-B border-b-solid border-t-solid flex overflow-x-auto pl-16 pr-16 ram:pl-0 ram:pr-0 scrolling-touch whitespace-nowrap"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="author" class="flex-inline flex-shrink-0 items-center pb-8 pr-24 pt-8"> <a class="focus-underline flex items-center" itemprop="url" href="/web/20211107190114/https://yle.fi/aihe/u/56-20-1085"> <div class="ydd-authors-list__placeholder-wrapper bg-clr-C clip-path-circle flex-shrink-0 mr-8 overflow-hidden rounded-full p-11"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 595.3 595.3"><path style="fill:#fff; fill:var(--ydd-color-light);" d="M568.6 0H28C12.8 0 0 12.3 0 27.6v540.1c0 14.7 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itemprop="articleSection" content="Tiede" class="ydd-body-content ydd-body-content--article mb-64"> <p class="ydd-lead fnt-bold"> Onnellisuus on yksi länsimaisen kulttuurin tavoitelluimmista asioista. Tarjolla on monenlaista self helpiä onnellisuutemme lisäämiseen. Onko onnesta tullut jopa pakko ja menestyksen mitta, kun meille syötetään höttöistä kuvaa onnellisuudesta? Asiantuntijan mukaan iso osa onnesta on jaettu jo geeneissä. </p> <p>– Onnellisuudesta on tehty liikaa asennekysymys.</p><p>Näin sanoo psykologian emeritusprofessori <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://areena.yle.fi/1-4392183"><strong>Markku Ojanen</strong></a>, joka on tutkinut onnellisuutta yli 50 vuotta. Ojanen on kirjoittanut onnellisuudesta ja sen tutkimisesta lukuisia kirjoja. Hän on onnellisuuden tieteellisen tutkimuksen uranuurtajia Suomessa.</p><p>Tosin vielä 1990-luvulle asti Ojanen puhui tyytyväisyydestä elämään, koska ei tohtinut vielä käyttää sanaa onnellisuus.</p><blockquote class="ydd-quote flex mb-32 ml-0 mr-0 mt-32"> <div class="ydd-quote__icon flex-shrink-0 mr-24"> <svg class="ydd-quote__author" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 25 22"> <path d="M24.378 9.636c0 5.476-1.85 9.324-7.252 11.618l-1.924-3.478c3.848-1.702 4.736-3.922 4.736-8.14H15.35V.978h9.028v8.658zm-14.652 0c0 5.476-1.85 9.324-7.252 11.618L.55 17.776c3.848-1.702 4.736-3.922 4.736-8.14H.698V.978h9.028v8.658z" fill="#3DB6C9" fill-rule="nonzero"></path> </svg> </div> <div> <div class="txt-22"> <p>Sellainen perusidea tuntuu olevan, että se geenien osuus väestössä noin 40-50 prosentin paikkeilla pyörii.</p> </div> <div class="clr-F mt-16 txt-15"> ― Markku Ojanen, psykologian emeritusprofessori </div> </div> </blockquote><p>– Psykologia oli tuolloin ongelmakeskeistä, mutta 90-luvun puolivälissä sana "onnellisuus" alkoi vilahdella tieteellisessä kirjallisuudessa.</p><p>Ojasen mukaan onnellisuuden näkeminen vain asennekysymyksenä on ongelmallista, koska iso osa onnellisuudestamme tulee jo geenien mukana.</p><p>– Sellainen perusidea on, että geenien osuus pyörii noin 40-50 prosentin paikkeilla koko väestön osalta. Toki yksilöiden kohdalla se voi vaihdella, sanoo Markku Ojanen.</p><p>– Siitä on kohtuullisen vahva yksimielisyys, että geenien osuus on huomattava. Se ei tietenkään tarkoita, että se on jotenkin lukkoon lyöty asi. Ympäristön vaikutus on joka tapauksessa merkittävä.</p><h2 class="ydd-heading-large"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://areena.yle.fi/audio/1-50878464?utm_source=yle.fi%2Faihe&utm_medium=article&utm_campaign=OnnellisuusP%C3%A4%C3%A4juttu&utm_term=Onnellisuus2&utm_content=p%C3%A4%C3%A4juttu">Kuuntele: Onnellisten maa? -podcastissa etsitään onnellisuuden salaisuutta tieteen avulla</a></h2><p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0191886901000198">Oslon yliopistossa tehdyn tutkimuksen</a> mukaan naisilla geenit voivat vaikuttaa vielä enemmän onnellisuuden tunteeseen (<em>subjective well-being</em>) kuin miehillä.</p><p>– Voimme kuitenkin nousta jopa geneettisen perustasomme yläpuolelle, Ojanen kertoo.</p><p>Puhutaan <em>resilienssistä</em> eli psyykkisestä palautumiskyvystä. Siinä missä joku selviää monista vaikeistakin vastoinkäymisistä, toiselle pienikin koettelemus voi olla liikaa.</p><p>– Kyllähän me kaikki tunnemme kukoistavia ihmisiä, jotka ovat kokeneet ihan hirvittäviä asioita. He ovat sieltä kuitenkin nousseet, mikä on ihan mahtava asia. Kukoistavat ihmiset ovatkin olleet viime vuosina hieno tutkimuskohde.</p><p></p><div class="ydd-promo bg-clr-B p-8 mb-16"> <div class="ydd-card ydd-card--s-extended"> <div class="ydd-card__wrap"> <div class="ydd-card__content mr-16 ml-16 flex flex-wrap"> <div class="w-full"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://yle.fi/aihe/a/20-10001038"> <div class="ml-16 mb-8 w-1-4 float-right cod:w-1-6"> <div class="relative" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <div itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" class="ydd-image relative"> <figure role="group"> <img alt="Kollaasi onnellisuuskuvista, tytöt, koira, vastat" itemprop="image" content="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/fl_keep_iptc/q_88/w_900,h_900,c_fill,g_faces/w_700/v1625218224/39-82789060dedc7abc44b.jpg" data-base-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/" data-yle-id="39-82789060dedc7abc44b" data-crop-coords="w_900,h_900,c_fill,g_faces" data-image-width="900" data-image-height="900" data-image-version="1625218224" class="ydd-image__image js-ydd-image lazyload" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 900 900'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cpattern id='blurhash' patternUnits='userSpaceOnUse' width='900' height='900'%3E%3Cimage href='data:image/webp;base64,UklGRkgAAABXRUJQVlA4IDwAAACwAQCdASoQAAkAAUAmJZQCdAC0J2qAAP3/+264chdHn5+ZdObynUwaprmMLplh831fD/TtJ3Oej0yAAAA=' x='0' y='0' width='100%25' height='100%25' preserveAspectRatio='xMinYMin slice'%3E%3C/image%3E%3C/pattern%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Crect width='100%25' height='100%25' fill='url(%23blurhash)' /%3E%3C/svg%3E" width="900" height="900"/> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/fl_keep_iptc/q_88/w_900,h_900,c_fill,g_faces/w_700/v1625218224/39-82789060dedc7abc44b.jpg"/> <noscript class="absolute inset-0"><img class="ydd-image__image" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/q_80/w_900,h_900,c_fill,g_faces/w_400/v1625218224/39-82789060dedc7abc44b.jpg" alt="Kollaasi onnellisuuskuvista, tytöt, koira, vastat"/></noscript> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <h3 class="js-ydd-card-title mb-16 txt-16">Tältä näyttää maailman onnellisimman kansan onni – "Onnellisuuden kuvat voivat lisätä myös kuvien katselijan onnellisuutta", sanoo onnellisuustutkija</h3> </a> <p class="txt-15 clr-E">Suomalaiset lähettivät kuvia onnen aiheistaan.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><blockquote class="ydd-quote flex mb-32 ml-0 mr-0 mt-32"> <div class="ydd-quote__icon flex-shrink-0 mr-24"> <svg class="ydd-quote__author" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 25 22"> <path d="M24.378 9.636c0 5.476-1.85 9.324-7.252 11.618l-1.924-3.478c3.848-1.702 4.736-3.922 4.736-8.14H15.35V.978h9.028v8.658zm-14.652 0c0 5.476-1.85 9.324-7.252 11.618L.55 17.776c3.848-1.702 4.736-3.922 4.736-8.14H.698V.978h9.028v8.658z" fill="#3DB6C9" fill-rule="nonzero"></path> </svg> </div> <div> <div class="txt-22"> <p></p> </div> </div> </blockquote><p>Professori Markku Ojasen mukaan ihmisen psyykkiseen kestävyyteen liittyy vielä paljon salaperäisyyttä, vaikka sitä onkin tutkittu.</p><p>– Joitakin palautumiskykyyn liittyviä asioita osaamme tunnistaa, mutta siinä on paljon arvoituksellista. Siinä täytyy olla jotain geneettistä mukana.</p><p>Ojanen sanoo tyytyväisyyden ja onnellisuuden olevan melkein sama asia. Kun ihmisten onnellisuutta mitataan, puhutaan <strong>tunneonnesta</strong> ja <strong>tyytyväisyysonnesta</strong>:</p><p><em>- Tunneonni</em> vastaa esimerkiksi kysymykseen, oletko onnellinen juuri tällä hetkellä.<br/><em>- Tyytyväisyysonni</em> puolestaan kertoo, onko tähänastinen elämäsi ollut onnellista.</p><p>Puhutaan myös mukautumisesta geenien määräämälle onnellisuustasolle.</p><blockquote class="ydd-quote flex mb-32 ml-0 mr-0 mt-32"> <div class="ydd-quote__icon flex-shrink-0 mr-24"> <svg class="ydd-quote__author" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 25 22"> <path d="M24.378 9.636c0 5.476-1.85 9.324-7.252 11.618l-1.924-3.478c3.848-1.702 4.736-3.922 4.736-8.14H15.35V.978h9.028v8.658zm-14.652 0c0 5.476-1.85 9.324-7.252 11.618L.55 17.776c3.848-1.702 4.736-3.922 4.736-8.14H.698V.978h9.028v8.658z" fill="#3DB6C9" fill-rule="nonzero"></path> </svg> </div> <div> <div class="txt-22"> <p>Kun ihminen jatkuvasti tavoittelee huippuhetkiä ja niitä ei kuitenkaan elämässä aina ole, niin väistämättä pettyy.</p> </div> <div class="clr-F mt-16 txt-15"> ― Ilona Suojanen, onnellisuustutkija </div> </div> </blockquote><p>Yhdysvaltalainen sosiaalipsykologi Philip Brickman esitti jo 1970-luvulla kuuluisan teoriansa <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://positivepsychology.com/hedonic-treadmill/">nautinnon polkumyllystä</a>, jonka mukaan ihmisten onnellisuus pyrkii aina palaamaan lähtötasolle riippumatta siitä, ovatko elämäntapahtumat positiivisia vai negatiivisia.</p><p>– Kun ihminen jatkuvasti tavoittelee huippuhetkiä ja niitä ei kuitenkaan elämässä aina ole, niin väistämättä pettyy, sanoo filosofian tohtori <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://areena.yle.fi/audio/1-50800673"><strong>Ilona Suojanen</strong></a>, joka on tutkinut onnellisuutta kymmenisen vuotta.</p><p>– Toisaalta onnellisuushetkiä koko ajan hakiessa onnellinen ja tasainen elämä ei enää tunnu onnelliselta.</p><p>Suojasen mukaan onnellisuus on jotakin valtavan kaunista, mutta jos tavoittelemme sitä paineen kautta, se karkaa yhä kauemmaksi.</p><div class="ydd-article-image ydd-article-image--normal mb-32 ml-12 mr-12 mt-32 relative"> <div itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" class="ydd-image relative"> <figure role="group"> <img alt="nainen kastelee kasvimaata" itemprop="image" content="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/fl_keep_iptc/q_88/w_3500,h_1969,c_crop,x_0,y_0/w_700/v1590494551/39-6811305ecd0419843da.jpg" data-base-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/" data-yle-id="39-6811305ecd0419843da" data-crop-coords="w_3500,h_1969,c_crop,x_0,y_0" data-image-width="3500" data-image-height="1969" data-image-version="1590494551" data-copyright="Marja Väänänen / Yle" data-caption="Jos haluat olla ikuisesti onnellinen, ryhdy puutarhuriksi, neuvoo vanha kiinalainen sananlasku." data-ydd-modal-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/q_88/w_3500,h_1969,c_crop,x_0,y_0/w_3500/w_1400,h_1400,c_fit/v1590494551/39-6811305ecd0419843da.jpg" data-ydd-modal-width="1400" data-ydd-modal-height="788" class="ydd-image__image js-ydd-image lazyload" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 3500 1969'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cpattern id='blurhash' patternUnits='userSpaceOnUse' width='3500' height='1969'%3E%3Cimage href='data:image/webp;base64,UklGRkoAAABXRUJQVlA4ID4AAADQAQCdASoQAAsAAUAmJQBOgCEi+C5BgAD++1d8glClPIotEw2EIXCUDBQw7teOv1Ujg2sUwKpdfkYRFScAAA==' x='0' y='0' width='100%25' height='100%25' preserveAspectRatio='xMinYMin slice'%3E%3C/image%3E%3C/pattern%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Crect width='100%25' height='100%25' fill='url(%23blurhash)' /%3E%3C/svg%3E" width="3500" height="1969"/> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/fl_keep_iptc/q_88/w_3500,h_1969,c_crop,x_0,y_0/w_700/v1590494551/39-6811305ecd0419843da.jpg"/> <noscript class="absolute inset-0"><img class="ydd-image__image" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/q_80/w_3500,h_1969,c_crop,x_0,y_0/w_400/v1590494551/39-6811305ecd0419843da.jpg" alt="nainen kastelee kasvimaata"/></noscript> <figcaption class="ydd-image__captions txt-13 pt-8"> <span class="visually-hidden">Kuvateksti</span> <span class="ydd-image__caption clr-F" itemprop="description">Jos haluat olla ikuisesti onnellinen, ryhdy puutarhuriksi, neuvoo vanha kiinalainen sananlasku.</span> <div class="ydd-image__copyright clr-C" itemprop="copyrightHolder">Kuva: Marja Väänänen / Yle</div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div><p>Kun kiistämme kaikki negatiiviset tunteet ja pyrimme tukahduttamaan ne, astumme Suojasen sanoin niin sanottuun <em>onnellisuusansaan</em>.</p><p>Columbian yliopiston professori <strong>Judith Halberstam</strong> kutsuu tätä <em>toksiseksi positiivisuudeksi</em>, ja se on sananmukaisesti myrkkyä onnellisuudellemme.</p><h2 class="ydd-heading-large">Pitääkö myös töissä olla onnellinen?</h2><p>Ilona Suojanen on tutkinut erityisesti työssä koettavaa onnellisuutta.</p><p>Suojanen selvitti Edinburghin yliopistossa Skotlannissa tekemässään väitöstutkimuksessa Y-sukupolveen kuuluvien suhtautumista työhön ja onnellisuuteen.</p><p>Vuonna 2017 <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/25811">julkaistussa tutkimuksessa</a> oli asiantuntijatehtävissä työskenteleviä n. 20-35-vuotiaita henkilöitä.</p><blockquote class="ydd-quote flex mb-32 ml-0 mr-0 mt-32"> <div class="ydd-quote__icon flex-shrink-0 mr-24"> <svg class="ydd-quote__author" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 25 22"> <path d="M24.378 9.636c0 5.476-1.85 9.324-7.252 11.618l-1.924-3.478c3.848-1.702 4.736-3.922 4.736-8.14H15.35V.978h9.028v8.658zm-14.652 0c0 5.476-1.85 9.324-7.252 11.618L.55 17.776c3.848-1.702 4.736-3.922 4.736-8.14H.698V.978h9.028v8.658z" fill="#3DB6C9" fill-rule="nonzero"></path> </svg> </div> <div> <div class="txt-22"> <p>Yllättävää oli se, että nuoret asiantuntijat kokivat vahvana ulkoapäin tulevan vaatimuksen olla onnellinen töissä.</p> </div> <div class="clr-F mt-16 txt-15"> ― Ilona Suojanen, onnellisuustutkija </div> </div> </blockquote><p>Tutkimukseen osallistuneet halusivat olla onnellisia myös töissä. Jos tämä vaatimus ei toteutunut, he olivat valmiita vaihtamaan työtä.</p><p>– Yllättävää oli se, että nuoret asiantuntijat kokivat vahvana ulkoapäin tulevan vaatimuksen olla onnellinen töissä. He jopa korostivat ajatusta siitä, että ollakseen hyvä työntekijä on myös oltava onnellinen.</p><p>Suojasen mukaan myös työnantajalla on omat velvollisuutensa, eli täytyy tehdä työntekijän puitteet sellaisiksi, että onnellisuus on mahdollista.</p><div class="ydd-promo bg-clr-B p-8 mb-16"> <div class="ydd-card ydd-card--s-extended"> <div class="ydd-card__wrap"> <div class="ydd-card__content mr-16 ml-16 flex flex-wrap"> <div class="w-full"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://yle.fi/aihe/a/20-10001040"> <div class="ml-16 mb-8 w-1-4 float-right cod:w-1-6"> <div class="relative" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <div itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" class="ydd-image relative"> <figure role="group"> <img alt="Lehmä niityllä." itemprop="image" content="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/fl_keep_iptc/q_88/w_1266,h_1266,c_fill,g_faces/w_700/v1590741323/39-6826675ed0c8d000810.jpg" data-base-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/" data-yle-id="39-6826675ed0c8d000810" data-crop-coords="w_1266,h_1266,c_fill,g_faces" data-image-width="1266" data-image-height="1266" data-image-version="1590741323" class="ydd-image__image js-ydd-image lazyload" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 1266 1266'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cpattern id='blurhash' patternUnits='userSpaceOnUse' width='1266' height='1266'%3E%3Cimage href='data:image/webp;base64,UklGRlgAAABXRUJQVlA4IEwAAADwAQCdASoQAAoAAUAmJagCdADpEBjju8AAyy88ignHbpIVNUzHAZ791Sc4LArU9Ap8l57U8DPdf+vWJ5qEl3Xfp3seKkpX6O0mAAAA' x='0' y='0' width='100%25' height='100%25' preserveAspectRatio='xMinYMin slice'%3E%3C/image%3E%3C/pattern%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Crect width='100%25' height='100%25' fill='url(%23blurhash)' /%3E%3C/svg%3E" width="1266" height="1266"/> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/fl_keep_iptc/q_88/w_1266,h_1266,c_fill,g_faces/w_700/v1590741323/39-6826675ed0c8d000810.jpg"/> <noscript class="absolute inset-0"><img class="ydd-image__image" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/q_80/w_1266,h_1266,c_fill,g_faces/w_400/v1590741323/39-6826675ed0c8d000810.jpg" alt="Lehmä niityllä."/></noscript> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <h3 class="js-ydd-card-title mb-16 txt-16">Mikä saa sinut onnelliseksi? </h3> </a> <p class="txt-15 clr-E">Keräsimme kuvia suomalaisten onnellisuudesta.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><p>Digijätti <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://rework.withgoogle.com/print/guides/5721312655835136/">Google on myös selvittänyt</a> menestyvän tiimin kaavaa tutkimalla satoja jättiyhtiön omia tiimejä. Googlen johtajat luulivat, että paras tiimi syntyy yhdistämällä parhaat yksilöt, mutta tämä ei pitänyt paikkaansa.</p><p>Tutkimuksessa selvisi, että kaikkia menestyneitä tiimejä yhdisti yksi piirre, jota voi kuvailla “psykologiseksi turvallisuudeksi”. Tämä tunne saavutetaan sillä, että tiimin jäsenet tuntevat olonsa turvallisiksi.</p><p>Heidän ei tarvitse esimerkiksi pelätä syyttelyä virheistä, ja tiimissä voi avoimesti kertoa, jos jokin tuntuu olevan pielessä.</p><h2 class="ydd-heading-large">Pyri onnellisuuden sijaan merkityksellisyyteen</h2><p>Onnellisuusfilosofi <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://yle.fi/aihe/artikkeli/2020/04/16/keskity-vahemman-itseesi-ja-auta-muita-filosofi-frank-martelan-viisi-vinkkia"><strong>Frank Martela</strong></a> puhuu mieluummin merkityksellisestä elämästä kuin onnellisuudesta. Martela pystyy kiteyttämään elämän merkityksen jopa yhteen lauseeseen: </p><p>– Elämän merkitys on tehdä itsestään merkityksellinen muille ihmisille.</p><p>Uusimmassa kirjassaan Martela tarjoaa polkuja merkityksellisempään elämään. Kaksi tärkeintä polkua ovat <strong>yhteys muihin</strong> ja <strong>yhteys itseen</strong>.</p><div class="ydd-article-image ydd-article-image--normal mb-32 ml-12 mr-12 mt-32 relative"> <div itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" class="ydd-image relative"> <figure role="group"> <img alt="Isä letittää tytön tukkaa" itemprop="image" content="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/fl_keep_iptc/q_88/w_3000,h_1688,c_crop,x_0,y_155/w_700/v1605779640/39-7438945fb63e33a7f2d.jpg" data-base-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/" data-yle-id="39-7438945fb63e33a7f2d" data-crop-coords="w_3000,h_1688,c_crop,x_0,y_155" data-image-width="3000" data-image-height="1688" data-image-version="1605779640" data-copyright="Marja Väänänen / Yle" data-caption="Pienet arjen hetket läheisten kanssa tuovat merkitystä elämään." data-ydd-modal-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/q_88/w_3000,h_1688,c_crop,x_0,y_155/w_3000/w_1400,h_1400,c_fit/v1605779640/39-7438945fb63e33a7f2d.jpg" data-ydd-modal-width="1400" data-ydd-modal-height="788" class="ydd-image__image js-ydd-image lazyload" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 3000 1688'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cpattern id='blurhash' patternUnits='userSpaceOnUse' width='3000' height='1688'%3E%3Cimage href='data:image/webp;base64,UklGRkgAAABXRUJQVlA4IDwAAADQAQCdASoQAAsAAUAmJQBOgCEmGh4haAD+MtQm/+UOGFdYd1lJ7ZQLJN5TDex2pXoDOpkWbNJzsF9AAAA=' x='0' y='0' width='100%25' height='100%25' preserveAspectRatio='xMinYMin slice'%3E%3C/image%3E%3C/pattern%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Crect width='100%25' height='100%25' fill='url(%23blurhash)' /%3E%3C/svg%3E" width="3000" height="1688"/> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/fl_keep_iptc/q_88/w_3000,h_1688,c_crop,x_0,y_155/w_700/v1605779640/39-7438945fb63e33a7f2d.jpg"/> <noscript class="absolute inset-0"><img class="ydd-image__image" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/q_80/w_3000,h_1688,c_crop,x_0,y_155/w_400/v1605779640/39-7438945fb63e33a7f2d.jpg" alt="Isä letittää tytön tukkaa"/></noscript> <figcaption class="ydd-image__captions txt-13 pt-8"> <span class="visually-hidden">Kuvateksti</span> <span class="ydd-image__caption clr-F" itemprop="description">Pienet arjen hetket läheisten kanssa tuovat merkitystä elämään.</span> <div class="ydd-image__copyright clr-C" itemprop="copyrightHolder">Kuva: Marja Väänänen / Yle</div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div><p><strong>Yhteys muihin</strong> tuottaa sosiaalista täyttymystä. Se toteutuu, kun rakennamme hyviä ihmissuhteita ja pystymme viettämään aikaa rakastamiemme ihmisten kanssa. Se on kokemus siitä, että elämällämme on myönteinen vaikutus toisten ihmisten elämään. </p><p>Martela puhuu hyvän tekemisestä muille. Se voi olla vaikkapa vapaaehtoistyöhön osallistumista.</p><blockquote class="ydd-quote flex mb-32 ml-0 mr-0 mt-32"> <div class="ydd-quote__icon flex-shrink-0 mr-24"> <svg class="ydd-quote__author" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 25 22"> <path d="M24.378 9.636c0 5.476-1.85 9.324-7.252 11.618l-1.924-3.478c3.848-1.702 4.736-3.922 4.736-8.14H15.35V.978h9.028v8.658zm-14.652 0c0 5.476-1.85 9.324-7.252 11.618L.55 17.776c3.848-1.702 4.736-3.922 4.736-8.14H.698V.978h9.028v8.658z" fill="#3DB6C9" fill-rule="nonzero"></path> </svg> </div> <div> <div class="txt-22"> <p>Kaksi tärkeintä polkua ovat yhteys muihin ja yhteys itseen.</p> </div> <div class="clr-F mt-16 txt-15"> ― Frank Martela, onnellisuusfilosofi </div> </div> </blockquote><p><strong>Yhteys itseen</strong> on puolestaan autenttisuutta, kykyä tehdä autonomisia valintoja omien tavoitteiden saavuttamiseksi ja itsensä toteuttamista. Se on sitä, että pääsee tekemään elämässä niitä asioita, jotka ovat läheisiä ja arvokkaita. </p><p>Ulkoisiin odotuksiin mukautumisen sijasta pystymme olemaan uskollisia itsellemme. Tähän liittyy myös kyvykkyys, eli pääsemme käyttämään omaa potentiaaliamme ja osaamistamme. </p><p>– Pelkästään se, että herää miettimään, kuka itse on ja mitä haluaa tehdä, on tärkeä osatekijä prosessissa, sanoo Martela.</p><div class="ydd-factbox ydd-factbox--closed js-ydd-factbox flex flex-col mb-32 mt-32"> <div class="js-ydd-factbox-button-wrapper ydd-factbox__button-wrapper flex flex-shrink-0 items-center mt-8 ordr-1"> <button aria-controls="aria-factbox-6188227b986dc" aria-expanded="false" class="js-ydd-factbox-button ydd-factbox__button bg-clr-W border-clr-I border-solid br clr-C cursor-pointer flex-shrink-0 focus-bg-fill pb-16 pl-32 pr-32 pt-16 txt-15"> Avaa </button> </div> <div class="border-4 border-clr-YLE border-l-solid overflow-hidden pb-8 pl-16 pr-16 pt-16"> <h2 class="deco-line-title fnt-yle-black txt-18">Suomi on maailman onnellisin maa</h2> <div id="aria-factbox-6188227b986dc" aria-hidden="true" class="js-ydd-factbox-content ydd-factbox__content overflow-hidden relative"> <p>Myös sillä on merkitystä, millaiseen maahan on sattunut syntymään. Pohjoismaat ovat kärkisijoilla YK:n <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://worldhappiness.report/">Maailman onnellisuusraportissa</a>.</p><p>Raportin mukaan Suomi on neljättä vuotta peräkkäin maailman onnellisin maa. </p><p>Sosiaali- ja terveyspolitiikan professorin <strong>Juho Saaren</strong> mukaan tähän on kolme syytä ylitse muiden: luottamus, turvallisuus ja suhteellinen tasa-arvo, jotka ovat Suomessa hyvällä mallilla.</p><p>Saari on <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://sorsafoundation.fi/wp-content/uploads/sites/807/2012/07/2012-1-Saari-Onnellisuuspolitiikka_web.pdf">Onnellisuuspolitiikka-kirjassaan</a> selvittänyt, miten ihmisten onnellisuudesta on tullut myös yhteiskunnallinen kysymys.</p><p>Saari kertoo, että kritiikistä huolimatta bruttokansantuote, jolla kuvataan yhteiskunnan kokonaistuotannon kehitystä, on hyvin usein vakaan ja hyvinvoivan yhteiskunnan mittari.</p><p>Samalla BKT:llä ja voimavaroilla saadaan eri maissa kuitenkin aikaiseksi hyvin erilainen määrä elämänlaatua. Tässä Suomi on onnistunut hyvin.</p> </div> </div> </div><p>Lähteet:</p><p><em>Markku Ojanen: Onnellisuuksien oivaltaja - Mitä tiede kertoo onnesta? (2018)<br/>Ilona Suojanen: Onnellisuuspaineen alla - Kun onnesta tuli pakko (2021)<br/>Frank Martela: Elämän tarkoitus - suuntana merkityksellinen elämä (2020)<br/></em><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://areena.yle.fi/audio/1-50878464"><em>Yle Areena: Onnellisten maa? -audiosarja</em></a></p> </div> <div class="-ml-16 -mr-16"> <div class="ydd-articles-list mb-32"> <div class="border-4 border-b-solid border-clr-B deco-line-title mb-16 mt-8 pl-16 pr-16 w-full"> <div class="items-center flex justify-between"> <h2 class="fnt-bold txt-15 uppercase" id="aria-articles-list-related-programs"> Ohjelmaan liittyvää </h2> </div> </div> <ul aria-labelledby="aria-articles-list-related-programs" class="list-reset"> <li class="ydd-articles-list__item block border-b-solid border-clr-B ml-16 mr-16 pb-16 pt-16"> <div class="ydd-articles-list__image mb-16"> <a class="block relative" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://yle.fi/aihe/artikkeli/2021/07/05/yle-puheen-kesassa-miehia-mekoissa-rakkaustarinoita-ja-neuloosia" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-analytics-context=""> <div itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" class="ydd-image relative"> <figure role="group"> <img alt="Kuvassa henkilö kuuntelee makuultaan radiota." itemprop="image" content="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/fl_keep_iptc/q_88/w_1080,h_1080,c_fill,g_faces/w_700/v1625490315/39-82874260e303531dcad.jpg" data-base-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/" data-yle-id="39-82874260e303531dcad" data-crop-coords="w_1080,h_1080,c_fill,g_faces" data-image-width="1080" data-image-height="1080" data-image-version="1625490315" class="ydd-image__image js-ydd-image lazyload" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 1080 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kuuntelee makuultaan radiota."/></noscript> </figure> </div> </a> </div> <div class="ydd-articles-list__content"> <a class="block focus-underline" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://yle.fi/aihe/artikkeli/2021/07/05/yle-puheen-kesassa-miehia-mekoissa-rakkaustarinoita-ja-neuloosia"> <h3 class="fnt-bold break-word">Yle Puheen kesässä miehiä mekoissa, rakkaustarinoita ja neuloosia</h3> </a> <div class="flex items-center mt-16"> <span class="icon icon--time"></span> <span class="clr-C txt-13"> 5.7.2021 </span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ydd-articles-list__item block border-b-solid border-clr-B ml-16 mr-16 pb-16 pt-16"> <div class="ydd-articles-list__content"> <a class="block focus-underline" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://yle.fi/aihe/a/20-10001038"> <h3 class="fnt-bold break-word">Tältä näyttää maailman onnellisimman kansan onni – "Onnellisuuden kuvat voivat lisätä myös kuvien katselijan onnellisuutta", sanoo onnellisuustutkija</h3> </a> <div class="flex items-center mt-16"> <span class="icon icon--time"></span> <span class="clr-C txt-13"> 4.7.2021 </span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ydd-articles-list__item block border-b-solid border-clr-B ml-16 mr-16 pb-16 pt-16"> <div class="ydd-articles-list__content"> <a class="block focus-underline" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://yle.fi/aihe/a/20-10001040"> <h3 class="fnt-bold break-word">Mikä saa sinut onnelliseksi? </h3> </a> <div class="flex items-center mt-16"> <span class="icon icon--time"></span> <span class="clr-C txt-13"> 28.6.2021 </span> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="ydd-programs-list bg-clr-W border-clr-B border-solid br-m invert-colors mb-32 mt-32 ml-16 mr-16"> <div class="border-3 border-b-solid border-clr-B p-24 pl-16 pr-16"> <div class="ydd-programs-list__logo areena-logo-w"></div> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="aria-programs-list-title">Lisää aiheesta Yle Areenassa</h2> </div> <ul aria-labelledby="aria-programs-list-title" class="list-reset"> <li class="flex pb-16 pt-16"> <div class="ydd-card ydd-card--s-extended"> <div class="ydd-card__wrap"> <div class="ydd-card__content mr-16 ml-16 flex flex-wrap"> <div class="w-full"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://areena.yle.fi/1-50878464"> <div class="ml-16 mb-8 w-1-4 float-right cod:w-1-6"> <div class="relative" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <div itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" class="ydd-image relative"> <figure role="group"> <img alt="" itemprop="image" content="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/fl_keep_iptc/q_88/w_1080,h_1080,c_fill,g_faces/w_700/v1623758641/13-1-50878464-1623758640768.jpg" data-base-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/" data-yle-id="13-1-50878464-1623758640768" data-crop-coords="w_1080,h_1080,c_fill,g_faces" data-image-width="1080" data-image-height="1080" data-image-version="1623758641" class="ydd-image__image js-ydd-image lazyload" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 1080 1080'%3E%3Crect width='100%' height='100%' fill='transparent' /%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/q_80/w_1080,h_1080,c_fill,g_faces/w_400/v1623758641/13-1-50878464-1623758640768.jpg" width="1080" height="1080"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/fl_keep_iptc/q_88/w_1080,h_1080,c_fill,g_faces/w_700/v1623758641/13-1-50878464-1623758640768.jpg"> <noscript class="absolute inset-0"><img class="ydd-image__image" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/q_80/w_1080,h_1080,c_fill,g_faces/w_400/v1623758641/13-1-50878464-1623758640768.jpg" alt=""/></noscript> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <h3 class="js-ydd-card-title mb-16 txt-16">Onnellisten maa?</h3> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <details class="ydd-article-tags__details mb-32 ml-16 mt-32"> <summary class="ydd-article-tags__summary cursor-pointer flex pb-16 pointer-events-none relative summary-reset user-select-none"> <div class="flex"> <div class="ydd-article-tags__pill bg-clr-H border-clr-B border-solid br flex items-center pointer-events-auto"> <span id="aria-article-tags" class="ydd-article-tags__pill-text clr-C truncate">Lisää aiheesta: <span aria-hidden="true" itemprop="keywords" content="onnellisuus, tunteet, tunne-elämä, psykologia, tiede, tutkimus, Markku Ojanen, merkityksellisyys, Frank Martela">Onnellisuus, Tunteet</span> </span> <span class="ydd-article-tags__toggle ml-8"></span> </div> </div> </summary> <div class="ydd-article-tags__content pl-8"> <ul class="ydd-article-tags__list break-word list-reset relative w-full" aria-labelledby="aria-article-tags"> <li class="ydd-article-tags__list-item mb-16 pl-16 relative"> <a class="ydd-article-tags__link clr-A" href="/web/20211107190114/https://yle.fi/aihe/t/18-210076">Onnellisuus</a> </li> <li class="ydd-article-tags__list-item mb-16 pl-16 relative"> <a class="ydd-article-tags__link clr-A" href="/web/20211107190114/https://yle.fi/aihe/t/18-205512">Tunteet</a> </li> <li class="ydd-article-tags__list-item mb-16 pl-16 relative"> <a class="ydd-article-tags__link clr-A" href="/web/20211107190114/https://yle.fi/aihe/t/18-215468">Tunne-elämä</a> </li> <li class="ydd-article-tags__list-item mb-16 pl-16 relative"> <a class="ydd-article-tags__link clr-A" href="/web/20211107190114/https://yle.fi/aihe/t/18-209053">Psykologia</a> </li> <li class="ydd-article-tags__list-item mb-16 pl-16 relative"> <a class="ydd-article-tags__link clr-A" href="/web/20211107190114/https://yle.fi/aihe/t/18-212923">Tiede</a> </li> <li class="ydd-article-tags__list-item mb-16 pl-16 relative"> <a class="ydd-article-tags__link clr-A" href="/web/20211107190114/https://yle.fi/aihe/t/18-214216">Tutkimus</a> </li> <li class="ydd-article-tags__list-item mb-16 pl-16 relative"> <a class="ydd-article-tags__link clr-A" href="/web/20211107190114/https://yle.fi/aihe/t/18-281824">Markku Ojanen</a> </li> <li class="ydd-article-tags__list-item mb-16 pl-16 relative"> <a class="ydd-article-tags__link clr-A" href="/web/20211107190114/https://yle.fi/aihe/t/18-154651">Merkityksellisyys</a> </li> <li class="ydd-article-tags__list-item mb-16 pl-16 relative"> <a class="ydd-article-tags__link clr-A" href="/web/20211107190114/https://yle.fi/aihe/t/18-257662">Frank Martela</a> </li> </ul> </div> </details> <aside id="ydd-article-related-content"> <div class="ydd-articles-list mb-32"> <div class="border-4 border-b-solid border-clr-B deco-line-title mb-16 mt-8 pl-16 pr-16 w-full"> <div class="items-center flex justify-between"> <h2 class="fnt-bold txt-15 uppercase" id="aria-articles-list-related-content"> Tiede </h2> </div> </div> <ul aria-labelledby="aria-articles-list-related-content" class="list-reset"> <li class="ydd-articles-list__item block border-b-solid border-clr-B ml-16 mr-16 pb-16 pt-16"> <div class="ydd-articles-list__image mb-16"> <a class="block relative" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://yle.fi/aihe/a/20-10001589" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" data-analytics-context=""> <div itemprop="image" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" class="ydd-image relative"> <figure role="group"> <img alt="Albert Einstein näyttää valokuvaajalle kieltä. " itemprop="image" content="https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/fl_keep_iptc/q_88/w_2254,h_2254,c_crop,x_0,y_405/w_700/v1636113069/39-876139618519302417c.jpg" data-base-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/" data-yle-id="39-876139618519302417c" data-crop-coords="w_2254,h_2254,c_crop,x_0,y_405" data-image-width="2254" data-image-height="2254" data-image-version="1636113069" class="ydd-image__image js-ydd-image lazyload" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 2254 2254'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cpattern id='blurhash' patternUnits='userSpaceOnUse' width='2254' height='2254'%3E%3Cimage href='data:image/webp;base64,UklGRkIAAABXRUJQVlA4IDYAAACwAQCdASoLABAAAUAmJaQAAllgCjlgAP0mSVPILjn5IIbXgn/JrIAPGLK3xhiZ0LnbzSAcAAA=' x='0' y='0' width='100%25' height='100%25' preserveAspectRatio='xMinYMin slice'%3E%3C/image%3E%3C/pattern%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Crect width='100%25' height='100%25' fill='url(%23blurhash)' /%3E%3C/svg%3E" width="2254" height="2254"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/fl_keep_iptc/q_88/w_2254,h_2254,c_crop,x_0,y_405/w_700/v1636113069/39-876139618519302417c.jpg"> <noscript class="absolute inset-0"><img class="ydd-image__image" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107190114im_/https://images.cdn.yle.fi/image/upload/f_auto,fl_progressive/q_80/w_2254,h_2254,c_crop,x_0,y_405/w_400/v1636113069/39-876139618519302417c.jpg" alt="Albert Einstein näyttää valokuvaajalle kieltä. 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