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The Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR) is a continuously updated online version of the CFR. It is not an official legal edition of the CFR.</p> <p><a href='/reader-aids/understanding-the-ecfr/what-is-the-ecfr'>Learn more</a> about the eCFR, its status, and the editorial process.<p></p></div></div></div></div><div class="content-block leaf"> <div class="section" id="131.38"> <h4 data-hierarchy-metadata='{"path":"/current/title-40/section-131.38","citation":"40 CFR 131.38"}'>§ 131.38 Establishment of numeric criteria for priority toxic pollutants for the State of California.</h4> <div id="p-131.38(a)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="131.38(a)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>a<span class="paren">)</span></span> <em class="paragraph-heading">Scope.</em> This section promulgates criteria for priority toxic pollutants in the State of California for inland surface waters and enclosed bays and estuaries. This section also contains a compliance schedule provision.</p> </div> <div id="p-131.38(b)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="131.38(b)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>b<span class="paren">)</span></span> <em class="paragraph-heading">Criteria.</em> </p> <div id="p-131.38(b)(1)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="131.38(b)(1)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>1<span class="paren">)</span></span> Criteria for priority toxic pollutants in the State of California as described in table 1 to this <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(b)(1)" class="cfr external">paragraph (b)(1)</a>:</p> <p class="hd1-paragraph">Table 1 to Paragraph (b)(1) </p> <a href="https://img.federalregister.gov/ER17DE24.104/ER17DE24.104_large.png"><img src="https://img.federalregister.gov/ER17DE24.104/ER17DE24.104_large.png" loading="lazy"></a> <a href="https://img.federalregister.gov/ER17DE24.105/ER17DE24.105_large.png"><img src="https://img.federalregister.gov/ER17DE24.105/ER17DE24.105_large.png" loading="lazy"></a> <a href="https://img.federalregister.gov/ER17DE24.106/ER17DE24.106_large.png"><img src="https://img.federalregister.gov/ER17DE24.106/ER17DE24.106_large.png" loading="lazy"></a> <a href="https://img.federalregister.gov/ER17DE24.107/ER17DE24.107_large.png"><img src="https://img.federalregister.gov/ER17DE24.107/ER17DE24.107_large.png" loading="lazy"></a> <a href="https://img.federalregister.gov/ER17DE24.108/ER17DE24.108_large.png"><img src="https://img.federalregister.gov/ER17DE24.108/ER17DE24.108_large.png" loading="lazy"></a> <a href="https://img.federalregister.gov/ER17DE24.109/ER17DE24.109_large.png"><img src="https://img.federalregister.gov/ER17DE24.109/ER17DE24.109_large.png" loading="lazy"></a> <a href="https://img.federalregister.gov/ER17DE24.110/ER17DE24.110_large.png"><img src="https://img.federalregister.gov/ER17DE24.110/ER17DE24.110_large.png" loading="lazy"></a> <a href="https://img.federalregister.gov/ER17DE24.111/ER17DE24.111_large.png"><img src="https://img.federalregister.gov/ER17DE24.111/ER17DE24.111_large.png" loading="lazy"></a> <div id="p-131.38(b)(1)(i)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="131.38(b)(1)(i)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>i<span class="paren">)</span></span> <em class="paragraph-heading">California Freshwater Selenium Ambient Chronic Water Quality Criterion for Protection of Aquatic Life and Aquatic-Dependent Wildlife.</em> </p> <p class="hd1-paragraph">Table 2 to Paragraph (b)(1)(i) </p> <a href="https://img.federalregister.gov/ER17DE24.067/ER17DE24.067_large.png"><img src="https://img.federalregister.gov/ER17DE24.067/ER17DE24.067_large.png" loading="lazy"></a> </div> <div id="p-131.38(b)(1)(ii)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="131.38(b)(1)(ii)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>ii<span class="paren">)</span></span> <em class="paragraph-heading">Priority toxic pollutants.</em> Table 1 to this <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(b)(1)" class="cfr external">paragraph (b)(1)</a> lists all of the EPA's priority toxic pollutants whether or not criteria guidance are available. Blank spaces indicate the absence of national criteria guidance under CWA section 304(a). Because of variations in chemical nomenclature systems, this listing of toxic pollutants does not duplicate the listing in appendix A to 40 CFR part 423. The EPA has added the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry numbers, which provide a unique identification for each chemical.</p> </div> <div id="p-131.38(b)(1)(iii)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="131.38(b)(1)(iii)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>iii<span class="paren">)</span></span> <em class="paragraph-heading">Criteria recommendations not included in table 1 to this <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(b)(1)" class="cfr external">paragraph (b)(1)</a>.</em> The following chemicals have organoleptic-based criteria recommendations that are not included in table 1: zinc, 3-methyl-4-chlorophenol.</p> </div> <div id="p-131.38(b)(1)(iv)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="131.38(b)(1)(iv)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>iv<span class="paren">)</span></span> <em class="paragraph-heading">Freshwater and saltwater aquatic life criteria.</em> Freshwater and saltwater aquatic life criteria apply as specified in <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(c)(3)" class="cfr external">paragraph (c)(3)</a> of this section.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-131.38(b)(2)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="131.38(b)(2)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>2<span class="paren">)</span></span> Factors for Calculating Metals Criteria. Final CMC and CCC values should be rounded to two significant figures.</p> <div id="p-131.38(b)(2)(i)"> <p class="flush-paragraph-2 indent-3" data-title="131.38(b)(2)(i)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>i<span class="paren">)</span></span> <em class="paragraph-heading">CMC</em> = <em>WER</em> × (<em>Acute Conversion Factor)</em> × (exp{<em>m</em><sub><em>A</em></sub>[1n (<em>hardness</em>)] + <em>b</em><sub><em>A</em></sub>}) </p> </div> <div id="p-131.38(b)(2)(ii)"> <p class="flush-paragraph-2 indent-3" data-title="131.38(b)(2)(ii)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>ii<span class="paren">)</span></span> <em class="paragraph-heading">CCC</em> = <em>WER</em> × (<em>Chronic Conversion Factor</em>) × (exp{<em>m</em><sub><em>C</em></sub>[ln(<em>hardness</em>)] + <em>b</em><sub><em>C</em></sub>}) </p> </div> <div id="p-131.38(b)(2)(iii)"> <p class="flush-paragraph-2 indent-3" data-title="131.38(b)(2)(iii)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>iii<span class="paren">)</span></span> Table 1 to <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(b)(2)" class="cfr external">paragraph (b)(2)</a> of this section: </p> <div class="table-wrapper"> <div class="gpotbl_div"><table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="gpo_table" frame="void" width="100%"> <thead> <tr> <th class="center border-top-single border-bottom-single border-right-single">Metal</th> <th class="center border-top-single border-bottom-single border-right-single">m<sub>A</sub> </th> <th class="center border-top-single border-bottom-single border-right-single">b<sub>A</sub> </th> <th class="center border-top-single border-bottom-single border-right-single">m<sub>C</sub> </th> <th class="center border-top-single border-bottom-single">b<sub>C</sub> </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="left border-right-single">Cadmium</td> <td class="right border-right-single">1.128</td> <td class="right border-right-single">−3.6867</td> <td class="right border-right-single">0.7852</td> <td class="right">−2.715</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left border-right-single">Copper</td> <td class="right border-right-single">0.9422</td> <td class="right border-right-single">−1.700</td> <td class="right border-right-single">0.8545</td> <td class="right">−1.702</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left border-right-single">Chromium (III)</td> <td class="right border-right-single">0.8190</td> <td class="right border-right-single">3.688</td> <td class="right border-right-single">0.8190</td> <td class="right">1.561</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left border-right-single">Lead</td> <td class="right border-right-single">1.273</td> <td class="right border-right-single">−1.460</td> <td class="right border-right-single">1.273</td> <td class="right">−4.705</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left border-right-single">Nickel</td> <td class="right border-right-single">0.8460</td> <td class="right border-right-single">2.255</td> <td class="right border-right-single">0.8460</td> <td class="right">0.0584</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left border-right-single">Silver</td> <td class="right border-right-single">1.72</td> <td class="right border-right-single">−6.52</td> <td class="right border-right-single"></td> <td class="right"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left border-bottom-single border-right-single">Zinc</td> <td class="right border-bottom-single border-right-single">0.8473</td> <td class="right border-bottom-single border-right-single">0.884</td> <td class="right border-bottom-single border-right-single">0.8473</td> <td class="right border-bottom-single">0.884 </td> </tr> </tbody> <tfoot><tr><td colspan="5">Note to Table 1: The term “exp” represents the base e exponential function.</td></tr></tfoot> </table></div> </div> </div> <div id="p-131.38(b)(2)(iv)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="131.38(b)(2)(iv)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>iv<span class="paren">)</span></span> Table 2 to <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(b)(2)" class="cfr external">paragraph (b)(2)</a> of this section:</p> <div class="table-wrapper"> <div class="gpotbl_div"><table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="gpo_table" frame="void" width="100%"> <thead> <tr> <th class="center border-top-single border-bottom-single border-right-single">Metal</th> <th class="center border-top-single border-bottom-single border-right-single">Conversion factor (CF) for freshwater acute criteria</th> <th class="center border-top-single border-bottom-single border-right-single">CF for freshwater chronic criteria</th> <th class="center border-top-single border-bottom-single border-right-single">CF for saltwater acute criteria</th> <th class="center border-top-single border-bottom-single">CF<sup>a</sup> for saltwater chronic criteria</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="left border-right-single">Antimony</td> <td class="right border-right-single">(<sup>d</sup>)</td> <td class="right border-right-single">(<sup>d</sup>)</td> <td class="right border-right-single">(<sup>d</sup>)</td> <td class="right">(<sup>d</sup>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left border-right-single">Arsenic</td> <td class="right border-right-single">1.000</td> <td class="right border-right-single">1.000</td> <td class="right border-right-single">1.000</td> <td class="right">1.000</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left border-right-single">Beryllium</td> <td class="right border-right-single">(<sup>d</sup>)</td> <td class="right border-right-single">(<sup>d</sup>)</td> <td class="right border-right-single">(<sup>d</sup>)</td> <td class="right">(<sup>d</sup>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left border-right-single">Cadmium</td> <td class="right border-right-single"> <sup>b</sup> 0.944</td> <td class="right border-right-single"> <sup>b</sup> 0.909</td> <td class="right border-right-single">0.994</td> <td class="right">0.994</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left border-right-single">Chromium (III)</td> <td class="right border-right-single">0.316</td> <td class="right border-right-single">0.860</td> <td class="right border-right-single">(<sup>d</sup>)</td> <td class="right">(<sup>d</sup>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left border-right-single">Chromium (VI)</td> <td class="right border-right-single">0.982</td> <td class="right border-right-single">0.962</td> <td class="right border-right-single">0.993</td> <td class="right">0.993</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left border-right-single">Copper</td> <td class="right border-right-single">0.960</td> <td class="right border-right-single">0.960</td> <td class="right border-right-single">0.83</td> <td class="right">0.83</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left border-right-single">Lead</td> <td class="right border-right-single"> <sup>b</sup> 0.791</td> <td class="right border-right-single"> <sup>b</sup> 0.791</td> <td class="right border-right-single">0.951</td> <td class="right">0.951</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left border-right-single">Mercury</td> <td class="right border-right-single"></td> <td class="right border-right-single"></td> <td class="right border-right-single"></td> <td class="right"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left border-right-single">Nickel</td> <td class="right border-right-single">0.998</td> <td class="right border-right-single">0.997</td> <td class="right border-right-single">0.990</td> <td class="right">0.990</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left border-right-single">Selenium</td> <td class="right border-right-single"></td> <td class="right border-right-single">(<sup>c</sup>)</td> <td class="right border-right-single">0.998</td> <td class="right">0.998</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left border-right-single">Silver</td> <td class="right border-right-single">0.85</td> <td class="right border-right-single">(<sup>d</sup>)</td> <td class="right border-right-single">0.85</td> <td class="right">(<sup>d</sup>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left border-right-single">Thallium</td> <td class="right border-right-single">(<sup>d</sup>)</td> <td class="right border-right-single">(<sup>d</sup>)</td> <td class="right border-right-single">(<sup>d</sup>)</td> <td class="right">(<sup>d</sup>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left border-bottom-single border-right-single">Zinc</td> <td class="right border-bottom-single border-right-single">0.978</td> <td class="right border-bottom-single border-right-single">0.986</td> <td class="right border-bottom-single border-right-single">0.946</td> <td class="right border-bottom-single">0.946 </td> </tr> </tbody> <tfoot> <tr><td colspan="5"> <strong>Footnotes to table 2 of paragraph(</strong> b)(2): </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="5"> <sup>a</sup> Conversion Factors for chronic marine criteria are not currently available. Conversion Factors for acute marine criteria have been used for both acute and chronic marine criteria. </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="5"> <sup>b</sup> Conversion Factors for these pollutants in freshwater are hardness dependent. CFs are based on a hardness of 100 mg/l as calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>). Other hardness can be used; CFs should be recalculated using the equations in table 3 to <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(b)(2)" class="cfr external">paragraph (b)(2)</a> of this section. </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="5"> <sup>c</sup> Bioaccumulative compound and inappropriate to adjust to percent dissolved. </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="5"> <sup>d</sup> EPA has not published an aquatic life criterion value.</td></tr> </tfoot> </table></div> </div> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note to table 2 of paragraph (<span class="standard">b</span>)(2):</div> <p>The term “Conversion Factor” represents the recommended conversion factor for converting a metal criterion expressed as the total recoverable fraction in the water column to a criterion expressed as the dissolved fraction in the water column. See “Office of Water Policy and Technical Guidance on Interpretation and Implementation of Aquatic Life Metals Criteria”, October 1, 1993, by Martha G. Prothro, Acting Assistant Administrator for Water available from Water Resource Center, USEPA, Mailcode RC4100, M Street SW, Washington, DC 20460 and the note to <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.36#p-131.36(b)(1)" class="cfr external">§ 131.36(b)(1)</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-131.38(b)(2)(v)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="131.38(b)(2)(v)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>v<span class="paren">)</span></span> Table 3 to <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(b)(2)" class="cfr external">paragraph (b)(2)</a> of this section:</p> <div class="table-wrapper"> <div class="gpotbl_div"><table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="gpo_table" frame="void" width="100%"> <thead> <tr> <th class="center border-top-single border-bottom-single border-right-single"> </th> <th class="center border-top-single border-bottom-single border-right-single">Acute</th> <th class="center border-top-single border-bottom-single">Chronic</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="left border-right-single">Cadmium</td> <td class="left border-right-single">CF = 1.136672—[(ln {hardness}) (0.041838)]</td> <td class="left">CF = 1.101672—[(ln {hardness})(0.041838)]</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left border-bottom-single border-right-single">Lead</td> <td class="left border-bottom-single border-right-single">CF = 1.46203—[(ln {hardness})(0.145712)]</td> <td class="left border-bottom-single">CF = 1.46203—[(ln {hardness})(0.145712)]</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="p-131.38(c)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="131.38(c)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>c<span class="paren">)</span></span> <em class="paragraph-heading">Applicability.</em> </p> <div id="p-131.38(c)(1)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="131.38(c)(1)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>1<span class="paren">)</span></span> The criteria in <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(b)" class="cfr external">paragraph (b)</a> of this section apply to the State's designated uses cited in <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(d)" class="cfr external">paragraph (d)</a> of this section and apply concurrently with any criteria adopted by the State, except when State regulations contain criteria which are more stringent for a particular parameter and use, or except as provided in footnotes p, q, and x to the table in <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(b)(1)" class="cfr external">paragraph (b)(1)</a> of this section.</p> </div> <div id="p-131.38(c)(2)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="131.38(c)(2)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>2<span class="paren">)</span></span> The criteria established in this section are subject to the State's general rules of applicability in the same way and to the same extent as are other Federally-adopted and State-adopted numeric toxics criteria when applied to the same use classifications including mixing zones, and low flow values below which numeric standards can be exceeded in flowing fresh waters.</p> <div id="p-131.38(c)(2)(i)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="131.38(c)(2)(i)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>i<span class="paren">)</span></span> For all waters with mixing zone regulations or implementation procedures, the criteria apply at the appropriate locations within or at the boundary of the mixing zones; otherwise the criteria apply throughout the water body including at the point of discharge into the water body.</p> </div> <div id="p-131.38(c)(2)(ii)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="131.38(c)(2)(ii)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>ii<span class="paren">)</span></span> The State shall not use a low flow value below which numeric standards can be exceeded that is less stringent than the flows in Table 4 to <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(c)(2)" class="cfr external">paragraph (c)(2)</a> of this section for streams and rivers.</p> </div> <div id="p-131.38(c)(2)(iii)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="131.38(c)(2)(iii)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>iii<span class="paren">)</span></span> Table 4 to <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(c)(2)" class="cfr external">paragraph (c)(2)</a> of this section:</p> <div class="table-wrapper"> <div class="gpotbl_div"><table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="gpo_table" frame="void" width="100%"> <thead> <tr> <th class="center border-top-single border-bottom-single border-right-single">Criteria</th> <th class="center border-top-single border-bottom-single">Design flow</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="left border-right-single">Aquatic Life Acute Criteria (CMC)</td> <td class="left">1 Q 10 or 1 B 3</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left border-right-single">Aquatic Life Chronic Criteria (CCC)</td> <td class="left">7 Q 10 or 4 B 3</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left border-bottom-single border-right-single">Human Health Criteria</td> <td class="left border-bottom-single">Harmonic Mean Flow</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div> </div> <div class="note"> <div class="header">Note to table 4 of paragraph (<span class="standard">c</span>)(2):</div> <p>1. CMC (Criteria Maximum Concentration) is the water quality criteria to protect against acute effects in aquatic life and is the highest instream concentration of a priority toxic pollutant consisting of a short-term average not to be exceeded more than once every three years on the average.</p> <p>2. CCC (Continuous Criteria Concentration) is the water quality criteria to protect against chronic effects in aquatic life and is the highest in stream concentration of a priority toxic pollutant consisting of a 4-day average not to be exceeded more than once every three years on the average.</p> <p>3. 1 Q 10 is the lowest one day flow with an average recurrence frequency of once in 10 years determined hydrologically.</p> <p>4. 1 B 3 is biologically based and indicates an allowable exceedence of once every 3 years. It is determined by EPA's computerized method (DFLOW model).</p> <p>5. 7 Q 10 is the lowest average 7 consecutive day low flow with an average recurrence frequency of once in 10 years determined hydrologically.</p> <p>6. 4 B 3 is biologically based and indicates an allowable exceedence for 4 consecutive days once every 3 years. It is determined by EPA's computerized method (DFLOW model).</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-131.38(c)(2)(iv)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="131.38(c)(2)(iv)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>iv<span class="paren">)</span></span> If the State does not have such a low flow value below which numeric standards do not apply, then the criteria included in <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(d)" class="cfr external">paragraph (d)</a> of this section apply at all flows.</p> </div> <div id="p-131.38(c)(2)(v)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="131.38(c)(2)(v)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>v<span class="paren">)</span></span> If the CMC short-term averaging period, the CCC four-day averaging period, or once in three-year frequency is inappropriate for a criterion or the site to which a criterion applies, the State may apply to EPA for approval of an alternative averaging period, frequency, and related design flow. The State must submit to EPA the bases for any alternative averaging period, frequency, and related design flow. Before approving any change, EPA will publish for public comment, a document proposing the change.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-131.38(c)(3)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="131.38(c)(3)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>3<span class="paren">)</span></span> The freshwater and saltwater aquatic life criteria in the matrix in <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(b)(1)" class="cfr external">paragraph (b)(1)</a> of this section apply as follows:</p> <div id="p-131.38(c)(3)(i)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="131.38(c)(3)(i)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>i<span class="paren">)</span></span> For waters in which the salinity is equal to or less than 1 part per thousand 95% or more of the time, the applicable criteria are the freshwater criteria in Column B;</p> </div> <div id="p-131.38(c)(3)(ii)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="131.38(c)(3)(ii)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>ii<span class="paren">)</span></span> For waters in which the salinity is equal to or greater than 10 parts per thousand 95% or more of the time, the applicable criteria are the saltwater criteria in column C, except for selenium in waters of the San Francisco Bay upstream to and including Suisun Bay and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta where the applicable criteria are the freshwater criteria in column B of the National Toxic Rule (“NTR”) at <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.36" class="cfr external">§ 131.36</a>.</p> </div> <div id="p-131.38(c)(3)(iii)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="131.38(c)(3)(iii)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>iii<span class="paren">)</span></span> For waters in which the salinity is between 1 and 10 parts per thousand as defined in <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(c)(3)(i)" class="cfr external">paragraphs (c)(3)(i)</a> and <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(c)(3)(ii)" class="cfr external">(ii)</a> of this section, the applicable criteria are the more stringent of the freshwater or saltwater criteria, except for selenium in waters of the San Francisco Bay upstream to and including Suisun Bay and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta where the applicable criteria are the freshwater criteria in column B of the NTR. However, the Regional Administrator may approve the use of the alternative freshwater or saltwater criteria if scientifically defensible information and data demonstrate that on a site-specific basis the biology of the water body is dominated by freshwater aquatic life and that freshwater criteria are more appropriate; or conversely, the biology of the water body is dominated by saltwater aquatic life and that saltwater criteria are more appropriate. Before approving any change, the EPA will publish for public comment a document proposing the change.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-131.38(c)(4)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="131.38(c)(4)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>4<span class="paren">)</span></span> <em class="paragraph-heading">Application of metals criteria.</em> </p> <div id="p-131.38(c)(4)(i)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="131.38(c)(4)(i)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>i<span class="paren">)</span></span> For purposes of calculating freshwater aquatic life criteria for metals from the equations in <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(b)(2)" class="cfr external">paragraph (b)(2)</a> of this section, for waters with a hardness of 400 mg/l or less as calcium carbonate, the actual ambient hardness of the surface water shall be used in those equations. For waters with a hardness of over 400 mg/l as calcium carbonate, a hardness of 400 mg/l as calcium carbonate shall be used with a default Water-Effect Ratio (WER) of 1, or the actual hardness of the ambient surface water shall be used with a WER. The same provisions apply for calculating the metals criteria for the comparisons provided for in <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(c)(3)(iii)" class="cfr external">paragraph (c)(3)(iii)</a> of this section.</p> </div> <div id="p-131.38(c)(4)(ii)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="131.38(c)(4)(ii)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>ii<span class="paren">)</span></span> The hardness values used shall be consistent with the design discharge conditions established in <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(c)(2)" class="cfr external">paragraph (c)(2)</a> of this section for design flows and mixing zones.</p> </div> <div id="p-131.38(c)(4)(iii)"> <p class="indent-3" data-title="131.38(c)(4)(iii)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>iii<span class="paren">)</span></span> The criteria for metals (compounds #1—#13 in the table in <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(b)(1)" class="cfr external">paragraph (b)(1)</a> of this section) are expressed as dissolved except where otherwise noted. For purposes of calculating aquatic life criteria for metals from the equations in footnote i to the table in <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(b)(1)" class="cfr external">paragraph (b)(1)</a> of this section and the equations in <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(b)(2)" class="cfr external">paragraph (b)(2)</a> of this section, the water effect ratio is generally computed as a specific pollutant's acute or chronic toxicity value measured in water from the site covered by the standard, divided by the respective acute or chronic toxicity value in laboratory dilution water. To use a water effect ratio other than the default of 1, the WER must be determined as set forth in Interim Guidance on Determination and Use of Water Effect Ratios, U.S. EPA Office of Water, EPA-823-B-94-001, February 1994, or alternatively, other scientifically defensible methods adopted by the State as part of its water quality standards program and approved by EPA. For calculation of criteria using site-specific values for both the hardness and the water effect ratio, the hardness used in the equations in <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(b)(2)" class="cfr external">paragraph (b)(2)</a> of this section must be determined as required in <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(c)(4)(ii)" class="cfr external">paragraph (c)(4)(ii)</a> of this section. Water hardness must be calculated from the measured calcium and magnesium ions present, and the ratio of calcium to magnesium should be approximately the same in standard laboratory toxicity testing water as in the site water.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="p-131.38(d)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="131.38(d)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>d<span class="paren">)</span></span> </p> <div id="p-131.38(d)(1)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="131.38(d)(1)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>1<span class="paren">)</span></span> Except as specified in <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(d)(3)" class="cfr external">paragraph (d)(3)</a> of this section, all waters assigned any aquatic life or human health use classifications in the Water Quality Control Plans for the various Basins of the State (“Basin Plans”) adopted by the California State Water Resources Control Board (“SWRCB”), except for ocean waters covered by the Water Quality Control Plan for Ocean Waters of California (“Ocean Plan”) adopted by the SWRCB with resolution Number 90-27 on March 22, 1990, are subject to the criteria in <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(d)(2)" class="cfr external">paragraph (d)(2)</a> of this section, without exception. These criteria apply to waters identified in the Basin Plans. More particularly, these criteria apply to waters identified in the Basin Plan chapters designating beneficial uses for waters within the region. Although the State has adopted several use designations for each of these waters, for purposes of this action, the specific standards to be applied in <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(d)(2)" class="cfr external">paragraph (d)(2)</a> of this section are based on the presence in all waters of some aquatic life designation and the presence or absence of the MUN use designation (municipal and domestic supply). (See Basin Plans for more detailed use definitions.)</p> </div> <div id="p-131.38(d)(2)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="131.38(d)(2)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>2<span class="paren">)</span></span> The criteria from the table in <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(b)(1)" class="cfr external">paragraph (b)(1)</a> of this section apply to the water and use classifications defined in <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(d)(1)" class="cfr external">paragraph (d)(1)</a> of this section as follows:</p> <div class="table-wrapper"> <div class="gpotbl_div"><table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="gpo_table" frame="void" width="100%"> <thead> <tr> <th class="center border-top-single border-bottom-single">Water and use classification</th> <th class="center border-top-single border-bottom-single">Applicable criteria</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="left">(i) All inland waters of the United States or enclosed bays and estuaries that are waters of the United States that include a MUN use designation</td> <td class="left">(A) Columns B1 and B2—all pollutants<br>(B) Columns C1 and C2—all pollutants<br>(C) Column D1—all pollutants</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left border-bottom-single">(ii) All inland waters of the United States or enclosed bays and estuaries that are waters of the United States that do not include a MUN use designation</td> <td class="left border-bottom-single">(A) Columns B1 and B2—all pollutants<br>(B) Columns C1 and C2—all pollutants<br>(C) Column D2—all pollutants</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div> </div> </div> <div id="p-131.38(d)(3)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="131.38(d)(3)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>3<span class="paren">)</span></span> Nothing in this section is intended to apply instead of specific criteria, including specific criteria for the San Francisco Bay estuary, promulgated for California in the National Toxics Rule at <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.36" class="cfr external">§ 131.36</a>.</p> </div> <div id="p-131.38(d)(4)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="131.38(d)(4)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>4<span class="paren">)</span></span> The human health criteria shall be applied at the State-adopted 10 (−6) risk level.</p> </div> <div id="p-131.38(d)(5)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="131.38(d)(5)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>5<span class="paren">)</span></span> Nothing in this section applies to waters located in Indian Country.</p> </div> </div> <div id="p-131.38(e)"> <p class="indent-1" data-title="131.38(e)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>e<span class="paren">)</span></span> <em class="paragraph-heading">Schedules of compliance.</em> </p> <div id="p-131.38(e)(1)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="131.38(e)(1)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>1<span class="paren">)</span></span> It is presumed that new and existing point source dischargers will promptly comply with any new or more restrictive water quality-based effluent limitations (“WQBELs”) based on the water quality criteria set forth in this section.</p> </div> <div id="p-131.38(e)(2)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="131.38(e)(2)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>2<span class="paren">)</span></span> When a permit issued on or after May 18, 2000 to a new discharger contains a WQBEL based on water quality criteria set forth in <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(b)" class="cfr external">paragraph (b)</a> of this section, the permittee shall comply with such WQBEL upon the commencement of the discharge. A new discharger is defined as any building, structure, facility, or installation from which there is or may be a “discharge of pollutants” (as defined in <a href="/current/title-40/section-122.2" class="cfr external">40 CFR 122.2</a>) to the State of California's inland surface waters or enclosed bays and estuaries, the construction of which commences after May 18, 2000.</p> </div> <div id="p-131.38(e)(3)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="131.38(e)(3)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>3<span class="paren">)</span></span> Where an existing discharger reasonably believes that it will be infeasible to promptly comply with a new or more restrictive WQBEL based on the water quality criteria set forth in this section, the discharger may request approval from the permit issuing authority for a schedule of compliance.</p> </div> <div id="p-131.38(e)(4)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="131.38(e)(4)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>4<span class="paren">)</span></span> A compliance schedule shall require compliance with WQBELs based on water quality criteria set forth in <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(b)" class="cfr external">paragraph (b)</a> of this section as soon as possible, taking into account the dischargers' technical ability to achieve compliance with such WQBEL.</p> </div> <div id="p-131.38(e)(5)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="131.38(e)(5)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>5<span class="paren">)</span></span> If the schedule of compliance exceeds one year from the date of permit issuance, reissuance or modification, the schedule shall set forth interim requirements and dates for their achievement. The dates of completion between each requirement may not exceed one year. If the time necessary for completion of any requirement is more than one year and is not readily divisible into stages for completion, the permit shall require, at a minimum, specified dates for annual submission of progress reports on the status of interim requirements.</p> </div> <div id="p-131.38(e)(6)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="131.38(e)(6)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>6<span class="paren">)</span></span> In no event shall the permit issuing authority approve a schedule of compliance for a point source discharge which exceeds five years from the date of permit issuance, reissuance, or modification, whichever is sooner. Where shorter schedules of compliance are prescribed or schedules of compliance are prohibited by law, those provisions shall govern.</p> </div> <div id="p-131.38(e)(7)"> <p class="indent-2" data-title="131.38(e)(7)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>7<span class="paren">)</span></span> If a schedule of compliance exceeds the term of a permit, interim permit limits effective during the permit shall be included in the permit and addressed in the permit's fact sheet or statement of basis. The administrative record for the permit shall reflect final permit limits and final compliance dates. Final compliance dates for final permit limits, which do not occur during the term of the permit, must occur within five years from the date of issuance, reissuance or modification of the permit which initiates the compliance schedule. Where shorter schedules of compliance are prescribed or schedules of compliance are prohibited by law, those provisions shall govern.</p> </div> <div id="p-131.38(e)(8)"><p class="indent-2" data-title="131.38(e)(8)"><span class="paragraph-hierarchy"><span class="paren">(</span>8<span class="paren">)</span></span> The provisions in this <a href="/current/title-40/section-131.38#p-131.38(e)" class="cfr external">paragraph (e)</a>, Schedules of compliance, shall expire on May 18, 2005.</p></div> </div> <p class="citation">[<a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/65-FR-31711" class="fr-reference" data-reference="65 FR 31711">65 FR 31711</a>, May 18, 2000, as amended at <a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/66-FR-9961" class="fr-reference" data-reference="66 FR 9961">66 FR 9961</a>, Feb. 13, 2001; <a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/68-FR-62747" class="fr-reference" data-reference="68 FR 62747">68 FR 62747</a>, Nov. 6, 2003; <a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/78-FR-20255" class="fr-reference" data-reference="78 FR 20255">78 FR 20255</a>, Apr. 4, 2013; <a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/83-FR-52166" class="fr-reference" data-reference="83 FR 52166">83 FR 52166</a>, Oct. 16, 2018; <a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/89-FR-101928" class="fr-reference" data-reference="89 FR 101928">89 FR 101928</a>, Dec. 17, 2024] </p> </div> <script type="application/json" id="source-and-authority-data">{"origins":[{"level":"part","identifier":"131","label_level":"Part 131","hierarchy":{"title":"40","chapter":"I","subchapter":"D","part":"131"},"current":false,"authority":["\u003ca href=\"https://www.govinfo.gov/link/uscode/33/1251\" class=\"usc external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e33 U.S.C. 1251\u003c/a\u003e \u003cem\u003eet seq.\u003c/em\u003e\n"],"source":["\u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/48-FR-51405\" class=\"fr-reference\" data-reference=\"48 FR 51405\"\u003e48 FR 51405\u003c/a\u003e, Nov. 8, 1983, unless otherwise noted.\n"],"link":"/current/title-40/part-131","title":"Part 131"}]}</script> </div><div class="seal-block seal-block-footer"><h6>eCFR Content</h6></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer container-fluid" id="footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-3 col-md-3"> <h2>Pages</h2> <ul class="list with-bullets"> <li><a href="/">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/">Titles</a></li> <li><a href="/search">Search</a></li> <li><a href="/recent-changes">Recent Changes</a></li> <li><a href="/corrections">Corrections</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-3 col-md-3"> <h2>Reader Aids</h2> <ul class="list with-bullets"> <li> <a href="https://www.ecfr.gov/reader-aids/using-ecfr">Using the eCFR Point-in-Time System</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ecfr.gov/reader-aids/understanding-the-ecfr">Understanding the eCFR</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ecfr.gov/reader-aids/government-policy-and-ofr-procedures">Government Policy and OFR Procedures</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ecfr.gov/reader-aids/ecfr-developer-resources">Developer Resources</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-3 col-md-3"> <h2>Information</h2> <ul class="list with-bullets"> <li><a href="/reader-aids/government-policy-and-ofr-procedures/about-this-site">About This Site</a></li> <li><a href="/reader-aids/government-policy-and-ofr-procedures/about-this-site#legal-status">Legal Status</a></li> <li><a href="/reader-aids/government-policy-and-ofr-procedures/privacy">Privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/reader-aids/government-policy-and-ofr-procedures/accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/reader-aids/government-policy-and-ofr-procedures/foia">FOIA</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.archives.gov/eeo/policy/no-fear-notice.html">No Fear Act</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/contact.html#coop">Continuity Information</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-3 col-md-3"> <h2>My eCFR</h2> <ul class="list with-bullets"> <li> <a href="/my/subscriptions">My Subscriptions</a> </li> <li> <a data-turbo="false" href="https://www.ecfr.gov/auth/sign_in?jwt=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJub3RpZmljYXRpb25zIjp7ImluZm8iOiJZb3Ugd2lsbCBiZSByZWRpcmVjdGVkIGJhY2sgdG8gdGhlIGVDRlIgYWZ0ZXIgeW91IGhhdmUgc2lnbmVkIGluIG9yIGNyZWF0ZWQgYW4gYWNjb3VudC4ifX0.-sYkHWfC02yb0CpuUqmPkxxnF0yzlNHaS5520hYIUy8&redirect_to=https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-D/part-131/subpart-D/section-131.38">Sign In / Sign Up</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body></html>