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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konsonanter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsonanter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Konsonanter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konsonanter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vokaler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vokaler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vokaler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vokaler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Källor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Malayalamskrift</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 37 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="मलयालम लिपि – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मलयालम लिपि" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF" title="মালয়ালম লিপি – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মালয়ালম লিপি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skritur_malayalamek" title="Skritur malayalamek – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Skritur malayalamek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_malai%C3%A0lam" title="Alfabet malaiàlam – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alfabet malaiàlam" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayalam-Schrift" title="Malayalam-Schrift – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Malayalam-Schrift" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Malayalam script" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_malabar" title="Alfabeto malabar – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alfabeto malabar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajala_skribo" title="Malajala skribo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Malajala skribo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphasyllabaire_malayalam" title="Alphasyllabaire malayalam – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alphasyllabaire malayalam" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%90%EB%9D%BC%EC%96%84%EB%9E%8C_%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="말라얄람 문자 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="말라얄람 문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="मलयालम लिपि – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मलयालम लिपि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Malayalam" title="Aksara Malayalam – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aksara Malayalam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_malayalam" title="Alfabeto malayalam – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alfabeto malayalam" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Malayalam" title="Aksara Malayalam – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Aksara Malayalam" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%82_%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF" title="ಮಲಯಾಳಂ ಲಿಪಿ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಲಯಾಳಂ ಲಿಪಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajali%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Malajalių raštas – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Malajalių raštas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaj%C3%A1lam_%C3%ADr%C3%A1s" title="Malajálam írás – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Malajálam írás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF" title="മലയാളലിപി – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മലയാളലിപി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B3%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80" title="मल्याळम लिपी – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मल्याळम लिपी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulisan_Malayalam" title="Tulisan Malayalam – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tulisan Malayalam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="मलयालम लिपि – nepalesiska" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मलयालम लिपि" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="मलयालम लिपि – newariska" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मलयालम लिपि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="マラヤーラム文字 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マラヤーラム文字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayalam_Skraft" title="Malayalam Skraft – nordfrisiska" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Malayalam Skraft" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayalam-skrift" title="Malayalam-skrift – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Malayalam-skrift" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayalam-skrift" title="Malayalam-skrift – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Malayalam-skrift" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80" title="ਮਲਿਆਲਮ ਲਿਪੀ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਲਿਆਲਮ ਲਿਪੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pismo_malajalam" title="Pismo malajalam – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pismo malajalam" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC_(%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE)" title="Малаялам (письмо) – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Малаялам (письмо)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B3%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83" title="मलयाळलिपिः – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मलयाळलिपिः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="rekommenderad artikel"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajalamilainen_kirjaimisto" title="Malajalamilainen kirjaimisto – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Malajalamilainen kirjaimisto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88" title="மலையாள எழுத்துமுறை – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மலையாள எழுத்துமுறை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B3_%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2" title="మలయాళ అక్షరమాల – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మలయాళ అక్షరమాల" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AC%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1" title="อักษรมลยาฬัม – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อักษรมลยาฬัม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC_(%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C)" title="Малаялам (писемність) – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Малаялам (писемність)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Basic_consonant_letters_in_Malayalam_-_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE.svg/250px-Basic_consonant_letters_in_Malayalam_-_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Basic_consonant_letters_in_Malayalam_-_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE.svg/375px-Basic_consonant_letters_in_Malayalam_-_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Basic_consonant_letters_in_Malayalam_-_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE.svg/500px-Basic_consonant_letters_in_Malayalam_-_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="554" /></a><figcaption>Malayalamskriftens konsonanter.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Malayalamskrift</b> (<a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">malayalam</a> മലയാളലിപി, <i>Malayāḷalipi</i>) är ett <a href="/wiki/Skriftsystem" title="Skriftsystem">skriftsystem</a> som används huvudsakligen för att skriva <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">malayalam</a>. Skriftsystemet används också bland annat av språken <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irula_(spr%C3%A5k)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irula (språk) [inte skriven än]">irula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paniya" title="Paniya">paniya</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravula_(spr%C3%A5k)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ravula (språk) [inte skriven än]">ravula</a> och <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kudiya_(spr%C3%A5k)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kudiya (språk) [inte skriven än]">kudiya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Malayalamskriften är ett skriftsystem av typen <a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">abugida</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, vilket betyder att varje tecken representerar ett konsonant- och ett vokalljud. Vokalljuden ändras med hjälp av <a href="/wiki/Diakritiska_tecken" class="mw-redirect" title="Diakritiska tecken">diakritiska tecken</a>. Vokaler kan också enskilt representeras som tecken om de står först i ordet.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Skriften skrivs horisontalt från vänster till höger.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Det finns skilda meningar om vad som utgör självständiga tecken. Av den anledningen uppger grammatikböcker olika antal tecken i skriften: 48, 49 eller 53.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Skriften anses vara fonetisk då den används för att skriva malayalam. Sedan 1960-talet har det gjorts försök att göra skriftsystemet mer alfabetiskt.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malayalamskrift&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malayalamskrift&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historia"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Aluva_Manappuram_Stone_Board_DEtail.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Aluva_Manappuram_Stone_Board_DEtail.JPG/250px-Aluva_Manappuram_Stone_Board_DEtail.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Aluva_Manappuram_Stone_Board_DEtail.JPG/375px-Aluva_Manappuram_Stone_Board_DEtail.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Aluva_Manappuram_Stone_Board_DEtail.JPG/500px-Aluva_Manappuram_Stone_Board_DEtail.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Stentavla med malayalamskriften.</figcaption></figure> <p>Liksom de flesta andra ursprungliga skrifter från <a href="/wiki/Indien" title="Indien">Indien</a>, så härstammar också malayalamskriften ursprungligen från <a href="/wiki/Brahmi" title="Brahmi">brahmi</a>, och kom fram på 200-talet f.Kr. I vissa södra delar av <a href="/wiki/Indien" title="Indien">Indien</a> anses det ha varit en separat sydlig brahmi.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Enligt konsensus har malayalamskriften utvecklats från skriften som heter <i>grandha</i> på 700-talet.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De då regerande kungarna i nuvarande <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Keralas</a> ersatte det <a href="/wiki/Tamilska_alfabetet" title="Tamilska alfabetet">tamilska alfabetet</a> för att grandha passade bättre för att skriva <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">sanskrit</a> och lånord därifrån.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Malayalam har en långvarig anknytning till <a href="/wiki/Tamil" title="Tamil">tamil</a> och de två språken har tros antingen samma urform eller att malayalam har utvecklats från en dialekt av <a href="/wiki/Tamil" title="Tamil">tamil</a>. Malayalam har dock lånat mycket från <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">sanskrit</a> vilket har också påverkat skriften.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>På 900-talet började en annan skrift, <i>vattezhuthu</i>, användas för att skriva malayalam. Den nuvarande formen av skriften kom fram på 1600-talet.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Den senaste skriftreformen gjordes på 1970-talet då bl.a. en del oregelbundna konjunktioner ersattes med en mer förutsägbar sekvens av enskilda bokstäver.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stilistiskt är malayalamskriften rund. Detta tycks bero på det att det skrevs på <a href="/wiki/Palmpapper" title="Palmpapper">torkade palmblad</a> innan papper blev populärt i Indien.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Konsonanter">Konsonanter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malayalamskrift&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Konsonanter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malayalamskrift&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Konsonanter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="text-align: top"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Tecken </th> <th>Lat. </th> <th>Uttal </th></tr> <tr> <td>ക </td> <td>ka </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[ka]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ഖ </td> <td>kha </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[kʰa]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ഗ </td> <td>ga </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[ga]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ഘ </td> <td>gha </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[ɡʱa]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ങ </td> <td>ṅa </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[ŋa]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ച </td> <td>ca </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[t͡ʃa]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ഛ </td> <td>cha </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[t͡ʃʰa]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ജ </td> <td>ja </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[d͡ʒa]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ഝ </td> <td>jha </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[d͡ʒʱa]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ഞ </td> <td>ña </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[ɲa]</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Tecken </th> <th>Lat. </th> <th>Uttal </th></tr> <tr> <td>ട </td> <td>ṭa </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[ʈa]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ഠ </td> <td>ṭha </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[ʈʰa]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ഡ </td> <td>ḍa </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[ɖa]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ഢ </td> <td>ḍha </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[ɖʱa]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ണ </td> <td>ṇa </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[ɳa]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ത </td> <td>ta </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[t̪a]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ഥ </td> <td>tha </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[t̪ʰa]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ദ </td> <td>da </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[d̪a]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ധ </td> <td>dha </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[d̪ʱa]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ന </td> <td>na </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[na, n̪a]</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Tecken </th> <th>Lat. </th> <th>Uttal </th></tr> <tr> <td>പ </td> <td>pa </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[pa]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ഫ </td> <td>pha </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[pʰa]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ബ </td> <td>ba </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[ba]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ഭ </td> <td>bha </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[bʱa]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>മ </td> <td>ma </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[ma]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>യ </td> <td>ya </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[ja]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ര </td> <td>ra </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[r̪]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ല </td> <td>la </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[la]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>വ </td> <td>va </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[ʋa]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ശ </td> <td>śa </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[ɕa]</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Tecken </th> <th>Lat. </th> <th>Uttal </th></tr> <tr> <td>ഷ </td> <td>ṣa </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[ʃ]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>സ </td> <td>sa </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[sa]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ഹ </td> <td>ha </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[ɦa]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ള </td> <td>ḷa </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[ɭa]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ഴ </td> <td>ḻa </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[ɻa]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>റ </td> <td>ṟa </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[ra]</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Källa:<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vokaler">Vokaler</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malayalamskrift&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Vokaler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malayalamskrift&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Vokaler"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Vokal </th> <th>Lat. </th> <th>Med ക-tecken </th> <th>Lat. </th> <th>Uttal </th></tr> <tr> <td>അ </td> <td>a </td> <td>ക </td> <td>ka </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[a]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ആ </td> <td>ā </td> <td>കാ </td> <td>kā </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[aː]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ഇ </td> <td>i </td> <td>കി </td> <td>ki </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[i]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ഈ </td> <td>ī </td> <td>കീ </td> <td>kī </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[iː]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ഉ </td> <td>u </td> <td>കു </td> <td>ku </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[u]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ഊ </td> <td>ū </td> <td>കൂ </td> <td>kū </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[uː]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ഋ </td> <td>r̥ </td> <td>കൃ </td> <td>kr̥ </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[rɨ]</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Vokal </th> <th>Lat. </th> <th>Med ക-tecken </th> <th>Lat. </th> <th>Uttal </th></tr> <tr> <td>എ </td> <td>e </td> <td>കെ </td> <td>ke </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[e]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ഏ </td> <td>ē </td> <td>കേ </td> <td>kē </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[eː]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ഐ </td> <td>ai </td> <td>കൈ </td> <td>kai </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[ai̯]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ഒ </td> <td>o </td> <td>കൊ </td> <td>ko </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[o]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ഓ </td> <td>ō </td> <td>കോ </td> <td>kō </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[oː]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ഔ </td> <td>au </td> <td>കൗ </td> <td>kau </td> <td><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL; font-family :inherit;">[au̯]</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Källa:<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malayalamskrift&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malayalamskrift&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scriptsource.org/cms/scripts/page.php?item_id=script_detail&key=mlym">”ScriptSource - Malayalam”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>scriptsource.org</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://scriptsource.org/cms/scripts/page.php?item_id=script_detail&key=mlym">https://scriptsource.org/cms/scripts/page.php?item_id=script_detail&key=mlym</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 11 november 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=ScriptSource+-+Malayalam&rft.atitle=scriptsource.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscriptsource.org%2Fcms%2Fscripts%2Fpage.php%3Fitem_id%3Dscript_detail%26key%3Dmlym&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Malayalamskrift"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ontopia.net/i18n/script.jsp?id=1533">”Malayalam script”</a> (på engelska). ontopia.net<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://ontopia.net/i18n/script.jsp?id=1533">https://ontopia.net/i18n/script.jsp?id=1533</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 11 november 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Malayalam+script&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=ontopia.net&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fontopia.net%2Fi18n%2Fscript.jsp%3Fid%3D1533&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Malayalamskrift"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omniglot.com/writing/syllabic.htm">”Syllabic alphabets / Alphasyllabaries / Abugidas”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>omniglot.com</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://omniglot.com/writing/syllabic.htm">https://omniglot.com/writing/syllabic.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 11 november 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Syllabic+alphabets+%2F+Alphasyllabaries+%2F+Abugidas&rft.atitle=omniglot.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fomniglot.com%2Fwriting%2Fsyllabic.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Malayalamskrift"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-4">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omniglot.com/writing/malayalam.htm">”Malayalam alphabet, pronunciation and language”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>omniglot.com</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://omniglot.com/writing/malayalam.htm">https://omniglot.com/writing/malayalam.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 11 november 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Malayalam+alphabet%2C+pronunciation+and+language&rft.atitle=omniglot.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fomniglot.com%2Fwriting%2Fmalayalam.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Malayalamskrift"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.keralaculture.org/malayalam-alphabets/240/">”Malayalam Alphabets | Language”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>www.keralaculture.org</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.keralaculture.org/malayalam-alphabets/240/">http://www.keralaculture.org/malayalam-alphabets/240/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 11 november 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Malayalam+Alphabets+%7C+Language&rft.atitle=www.keralaculture.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.keralaculture.org%2Fmalayalam-alphabets%2F240%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Malayalamskrift"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-6">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lisindia.ciil.org/Malayalam/Malay_script.html">”Malayalam Script and Spelling”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>lisindia.ciil.org</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://lisindia.ciil.org/Malayalam/Malay_script.html">http://lisindia.ciil.org/Malayalam/Malay_script.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 11 november 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Malayalam+Script+and+Spelling&rft.atitle=lisindia.ciil.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flisindia.ciil.org%2FMalayalam%2FMalay_script.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Malayalamskrift"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.keralaculture.org/malayalam-script/243/">”Grandha script & Malayalam Language”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>www.keralaculture.org</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.keralaculture.org/malayalam-script/243/">http://www.keralaculture.org/malayalam-script/243/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 11 november 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Grandha+script+%26+Malayalam+Language&rft.atitle=www.keralaculture.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.keralaculture.org%2Fmalayalam-script%2F243%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Malayalamskrift"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Malayalam-language">”Malayalam language”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>Encyclopedia Britannica</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Malayalam-language">https://www.britannica.com/topic/Malayalam-language</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 11 november 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Malayalam+language&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FMalayalam-language&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Malayalamskrift"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.keralaculture.org/language-script/241/">”Script of Malayalam Language”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>www.keralaculture.org</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.keralaculture.org/language-script/241/">http://www.keralaculture.org/language-script/241/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 11 november 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Script+of+Malayalam+Language&rft.atitle=www.keralaculture.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.keralaculture.org%2Flanguage-script%2F241%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Malayalamskrift"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://organikos.net/tag/malayalam/">”malayalam”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>Organikos</span></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://organikos.net/tag/malayalam/">https://organikos.net/tag/malayalam/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 11 november 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=malayalam&rft.atitle=Organikos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Forganikos.net%2Ftag%2Fmalayalam%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Malayalamskrift"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malayalamskrift&oldid=48899950">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malayalamskrift&oldid=48899950</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Indiens_skriftsystem" title="Kategori:Indiens skriftsystem">Indiens skriftsystem</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Abugidor" title="Kategori:Abugidor">Abugidor</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 18 februari 2021 kl. 15.41.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är tillgänglig under licensen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv">Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 4.0 Unported</a>. 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