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RJPT - Examination of Oropharyngeal candidiasis in Infectious patients caused by the Corona Virus Epidemic: A Review Article
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head><meta charset="utf-8" /><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <!--Responsive Meta--> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <!--Title--> <title> RJPT - Examination of Oropharyngeal candidiasis in Infectious patients caused by the Corona Virus Epidemic: A Review Article </title><link href="css1/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <!--Font-awesome--> <link href="fonts/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <!--Fonts Form Google Web Fonts--> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,300,400italic,700,900,700italic" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:500" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <!--Responsive Mobile Menu--> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css1/slicknav.css" /> <!--Revolation Slider--> <link href="rs-plugin/css/settings.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <!--Carousel Slider--> <link href="css1/owl.carousel.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <!--Main Style Css--> <link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <!--Responsive--> <link href="css1/responsive.css" rel="stylesheet" /><meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff" /><meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="f_icon/ms-icon-144x144.png" /><meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://d3mkw6s8thqya7.cloudfront.net/integration-plugin.js" id="aisensy-wa-widget" widget-id="XFmHWJ" > </script> <meta name="Description" content="In individuals with covid-19, oral candidiasis is apparent, particularly in severe cases, presenting various symptoms such as white lesions on the tongue and oral mucosa. A majority of covid-19 patients who develop oral candidiasis are typically above 50 years of age (Mean age: 53.24 years), often with preexisting conditions like cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The treatment approach for oral candidiasis in covid-19 patients commonly includes the administration of corticosteroids, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and various other pharmaceuticals. The incidence of oral/oropharyngeal candidiasis is higher in men (Mean: 39.8; CI: 10.32-69.28) compared to women (Mean: 31; CI: 9.72-52.38). The initiation of oral candidiasis displays variability among individuals, with symptoms becoming apparent between 1 to 30 days after the onset of covid-19 symptoms. Frequently utilized medications comprise antivirals, antibiotics, anthelmintics, corticosteroids, acetylsalicylic acid, and indomethacin. The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics has been associated with an increased susceptibility to oral candidiasis. Corticosteroids have the potential to disrupt the oral microbiome, thereby fostering the development of oral candidiasis. In the early phases of the pandemic, medications like azithromycin, respiratory fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, and linezolid were at times prescribed. The onset of oral candidiasis in covid-19 patients can vary, occurring between 1 to 30 days after the onset of covid-19 symptoms. In conclusion, the immune dysfunctions induced by covid-19 significantly impede the body's ability to combat fungal pathogens such as Candidia albicans, particularly due to inadequate hygiene practices. Understanding the dysregulation of key immune pathways, including Toll-like receptors and the NLRP3 inflammasome, is imperative in elucidating their roles in covid-19 and subsequent fungal infections." /><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="citation_title" content="Examination of Oropharyngeal candidiasis in Infectious patients caused by the Corona Virus Epidemic: A Review Article" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Aria Salari" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Hasan Rezazadeh" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Hasti Hoseini" /><meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/11/18" /><meta name="citation_date" content="2024/11/18" /><meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology" /><meta name="citation_volume" content="17" /><meta name="citation_issue" content="11" /><meta name="citation_firstpage" content="5646" /><meta name="citation_lastpage" content="5652" /><meta name="citation_abstract_pdf_url" content="https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2024-17-11-68" /><meta name="citation_html_url" content="https://rjptonline.org/HTMLPaper.aspx?Journal=Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology;PID=2024-17-11-68" /><meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2024-17-11-68" /><meta name="citation_publisher" content="Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology" /><meta name="citation_issn_print" content="0974-3618" /><meta name="citation_issn_online" content="0974-360X" /><meta name="citation_language" content="English" /><meta name="citation_keywords" content="Candidiasis; Oral; Covid-19; Oropharyngeal; Immune System; Candidia albicans ; cardiovascular; administration; corticosteroids; broad-spectrum; pharmaceuticals; oral/oropharyngeal; corticosteroids; acetylsalicylic; broad-spectrum; susceptibility; Corticosteroids; fluoroquinolones; cephalosporins" /><meta name="citation_doi" content="10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00860" /></head> <body> <form method="post" action="./AbstractView.aspx?PID=2024-17-11-68" id="form1"> <div class="aspNetHidden"> <input type="hidden" name="__EVENTTARGET" id="__EVENTTARGET" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="__EVENTARGUMENT" id="__EVENTARGUMENT" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATE" id="__VIEWSTATE" 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" 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font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold">ISSN</p> <p style="color: #1a00cc; line-height: 21px"> 0974-360X (Online) <br /> 0974-3618 (Print) </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <br /> </div> </div> <!--End Header Area--> <!--Start Slider Area --> <section class="slider_area"> <div class="mainmenu_area"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-10 col-lg-10"> <div class="mainmenu nav"> <nav> <ul id="nav"> <li class="current"><a href="Home.aspx">Home <i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></a> <ul> <li><a href="AboutJournal.aspx">About Journal</a></li> <li><a href="Indexed_In.aspx">Indexing Information</a></li> <li><a href="ContactUs.aspx">Raise Query</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="PastIssues.aspx">Past Issues</a></li> <li><a href="EditorialBoard.aspx">Editorial Board</a></li> <li><a href="#">For Authors <i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></a> <ul> <li><a href="SubmitArticle.aspx">Submit Article</a></li> <li><a href="AuthorsGuidelines.aspx">Author's Guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="ChargesDetails.aspx">Processing Charges</a></li> <li><a href="SubscriptionCharges.aspx">Subscription Charges</a></li> <li><a href="https://anvpublication.org/OnlinePayment.aspx" target='_blank' >Payments</a></li> <li><a href="Downloads.aspx">Downloads</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#">More <i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></a> <ul> <li><a href="Corrigendum.aspx">Corrigendum</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="News.aspx">News</a></li> <li> <div class="form-group has-feedback"> <label for="search" class="sr-only">Search</label> <input name="ctl00$Search_txt" type="text" id="Search_txt" class="mySearchtextbox" placeholder="search" /> <a id="Search_lnkbtn" class="mySearchbutton" href="javascript:__doPostBack('ctl00$Search_lnkbtn','')"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></a> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-2"> <div class="request_code"> <a href="SubmitArticle.aspx">Submit Article</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <!--End Slider Area--> <div class="container"> <div class="col-md-9 col-lg-9 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <section class="blog_area section_padding"> <div class="row"> <div class="Abstract_page_title text-center"> <h1> <span id="ContentPlaceHolder1_PaperTitle" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href='AbstractView.aspx?PID=2024-17-11-68' class='myLink'>Examination of Oropharyngeal candidiasis in Infectious patients caused by the Corona Virus Epidemic: A Review Article</a><a href='https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=Examination of Oropharyngeal candidiasis in Infectious patients caused by the Corona Virus Epidemic: A Review Article' target='_blank' style='color:blue'> <img src='Images/GoogleScholar.png' style='height:23px'></a></span> </h1> </div> <div class="single_blog"> <div style="background: #f6f6f6 none repeat scroll 0 0; padding: 8px; border-left: 4px solid #11c3f1"> <p style="text-align: left; font-size: 14px"> <span style="color: rgba(193, 4, 4, 0.76)">Author(s):</span> <span id="ContentPlaceHolder1_AuthorName"><a href='search.aspx?key=Aria Salari' >Aria Salari</a>, <a href='search.aspx?key=Hasan Rezazadeh' >Hasan Rezazadeh</a>, <a href='search.aspx?key=Hasti Hoseini' >Hasti Hoseini</a></span> </p> <p style="text-align: left; font-size: 14px"> <span style="color: rgba(193, 4, 4, 0.76)">Email(s):</span> <span id="ContentPlaceHolder1_AuthorEmail"><a href='mailto:hosseini.2000@gmail.com' target='_blank' >hosseini.2000@gmail.com</a> </span> </p> <p style="text-align: left; font-size: 14px;"> <span style="color: rgba(193, 4, 4, 0.76)">DOI:</span> <span id="ContentPlaceHolder1_DOI_No" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href='https://doi.org/10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00860' target='_blank' style='color:blue'>10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00860</a> <a href='https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00860' target='_blank' style='color:blue'> <img src='Images/GoogleScholar.png' style='height:25px'></a></span> </p> <p style="text-align: left; font-size: 14px"> <span style="color: rgba(193, 4, 4, 0.76)">Address:</span> <span id="ContentPlaceHolder1_AuthorAddress">Aria Salari1, Hasan Rezazadeh2, Hasti Hoseini3*<br> 1Student, Faculty of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.<br> 2Student, Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.<br> 3Student, Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.<br> *Corresponding Author</span> </p> <p style="text-align: left; font-size: 13px; margin-top: 5px"> <span style="color: rgba(193, 4, 4, 0.76)">Published In:</span> <a href="Issues.aspx?VID=17&IID=11" id="ContentPlaceHolder1_Vol_Issue_link" style="font-weight:bold">Volume - <span id="ContentPlaceHolder1_VOL_no" style="font-weight:normal;">17</span>, Issue - <span id="ContentPlaceHolder1_ISSUE_no" style="font-weight:normal;">11</span>, Year - <span id="ContentPlaceHolder1_Pub_Year" style="font-weight:normal;">2024</span> </a> </p> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div style="float:right;"> <span id="ContentPlaceHolder1_Cite_icon_lbl" style="font-weight:normal;"><script async src='https://badge.dimensions.ai/badge.js' charset='utf-8'></script> <span class='__dimensions_badge_embed__' data-doi='10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00860' data-style='small_circle'></span> <div class='clearfix'></div></span> </div> <div class="blog_page" style="padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 28px"> <a href="HTMLPaper.aspx?Journal=Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology;PID=2024-17-11-68" id="ContentPlaceHolder1_HTML_View_lnk" class="top_quate_action2 float_Right"> <img src="Images/html.png" /> View HTML</a> <a id="ContentPlaceHolder1_Subscribe_btn" class="top_quate_action2 float_Right" href="javascript:__doPostBack('ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$Subscribe_btn','')"><img src="Images/cart_add.png" style="height:28px" /> Purchase PDF</a> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> <div class="blog_content blog_page"> <br /> <p style="text-align: justify"> <span style="color: black; font-weight: bold">ABSTRACT:</span> <br /> <span id="ContentPlaceHolder1_Abstract" style="color:Black;">In individuals with covid-19, oral candidiasis is apparent, particularly in severe cases, presenting various symptoms such as white lesions on the tongue and oral mucosa. A majority of covid-19 patients who develop oral candidiasis are typically above 50 years of age (Mean age: 53.24 years), often with preexisting conditions like cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The treatment approach for oral candidiasis in covid-19 patients commonly includes the administration of corticosteroids, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and various other pharmaceuticals. The incidence of oral/oropharyngeal candidiasis is higher in men (Mean: 39.8; CI: 10.32-69.28) compared to women (Mean: 31; CI: 9.72-52.38). The initiation of oral candidiasis displays variability among individuals, with symptoms becoming apparent between 1 to 30 days after the onset of covid-19 symptoms. Frequently utilized medications comprise antivirals, antibiotics, anthelmintics, corticosteroids, acetylsalicylic acid, and indomethacin. The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics has been associated with an increased susceptibility to oral candidiasis. Corticosteroids have the potential to disrupt the oral microbiome, thereby fostering the development of oral candidiasis. In the early phases of the pandemic, medications like azithromycin, respiratory fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, and linezolid were at times prescribed. The onset of oral candidiasis in covid-19 patients can vary, occurring between 1 to 30 days after the onset of covid-19 symptoms. In conclusion, the immune dysfunctions induced by covid-19 significantly impede the body's ability to combat fungal pathogens such as Candidia albicans, particularly due to inadequate hygiene practices. Understanding the dysregulation of key immune pathways, including Toll-like receptors and the NLRP3 inflammasome, is imperative in elucidating their roles in covid-19 and subsequent fungal infections.</span> </p> <br /> <div class="tags"> <i class="text-left" style="color:black; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal">Keywords:</i> <span id="ContentPlaceHolder1_Key_words" style="font-size:Smaller;"><ul class='text-left'><li><a href=''Candidiasis' target='_blank' >Candidiasis</a></li><li><a href=''Oral' target='_blank' >Oral</a></li><li><a href=''Covid-19' target='_blank' >Covid-19</a></li><li><a href=''Oropharyngeal' target='_blank' >Oropharyngeal</a></li><li><a href=''Immune System' target='_blank' >Immune System</a></li><li><a href=''Candidia albicans.' target='_blank' >Candidia albicans.</a></li></ul></span> </div> </div> <div class="highlight_text"> <img src="img/hilight.png" alt=""> <p> <span style="color: rgba(193, 4, 4, 0.76)">Cite this article:</span> <br /> <span id="ContentPlaceHolder1_Cite">Aria Salari, Hasan Rezazadeh, Hasti Hoseini. Examination of Oropharyngeal candidiasis in Infectious patients caused by the Corona Virus Epidemic: A Review Article. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2024; 17(11):5646-2. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00860</span> <br /><br /> <span style="color: rgba(193, 4, 4, 0.76)">Cite(Electronic):</span> <br> <span id="ContentPlaceHolder1_Cite1">Aria Salari, Hasan Rezazadeh, Hasti Hoseini. Examination of Oropharyngeal candidiasis in Infectious patients caused by the Corona Virus Epidemic: A Review Article. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2024; 17(11):5646-2. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00860 Available on: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2024-17-11-68</span> </p> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <br /> <span id="ContentPlaceHolder1_Additional_Information_lbl"><b>REFERENCES:</b><br>1. Muliana H, Suprapti B. The Satisfaction of Covid-19 patients Self-home Care with Telepharmacy Services. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022; 15(12): 5583-8. 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