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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Carolus Montesquieu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 103 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-103" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">103 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Montesquieu" title="Charles Montesquieu – Africana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Charles Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Africana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Secondat,_Baron_de_Montesquieu" title="Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Aragonensis" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88" title="مونتسكيو – Arabica" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مونتسكيو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88" title="مونتيسكيو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مونتيسكيو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Earl_Lui_Montesky%C3%B6" title="Şarl Lui Monteskyö – Atropatenica" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şarl Lui Monteskyö" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Atropatenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88" title="مونتسکیو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مونتسکیو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%91" title="Шарль де Монтескьё – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Шарль де Монтескьё" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%96_%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BA%E2%80%99%D1%91" title="Шарль Луі дэ Мантэск’ё – Ruthenica Alba" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шарль Луі дэ Мантэск’ё" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Ruthenica Alba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%96_%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BA%E2%80%99%D1%91" title="Шарль Люі дэ Мантэск’ё – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Шарль Люі дэ Мантэск’ё" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D0%BE" title="Шарл дьо Монтескьо – Bulgarica" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шарл дьо Монтескьо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81" title="মন্তেস্কু – Bengalica" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মন্তেস্কু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Louis_de_Secondat,_baron_La_Br%C3%A8de_ha_Montesquieu" title="Charles Louis de Secondat, baron La Brède ha Montesquieu – Britonica" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Charles Louis de Secondat, baron La Brède ha Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Britonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%91" title="Шарль де Монтескьё – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Шарль де Монтескьё" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Catalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%86%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%DB%86" title="مۆنتسکیۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مۆنتسکیۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Louis_Montesquieu" title="Charles Louis Montesquieu – Bohemica" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Charles Louis Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Bohemica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Cambrica" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Cambrica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-Louis_de_Secondat_Montesquieu" title="Charles-Louis de Secondat Montesquieu – Danica" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Charles-Louis de Secondat Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Secondat,_Baron_de_Montesquieu" title="Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu – Germanica" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Germanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%AD" title="Μοντεσκιέ – Graeca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μοντεσκιέ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Graeca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Anglica" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Anglica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Esperantica" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperantica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Hispanica" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Hispanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Estonica" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Vasconica" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Vasconica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88" title="مونتسکیو – Persica" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مونتسکیو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Finnica" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu_Charles" title="Montesquieu Charles – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Montesquieu Charles" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Francogallica" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francogallica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Gallaica" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Gallaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="מונטסקייה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מונטסקייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82" title="मॉन्टेस्क्यू – Hindica" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मॉन्टेस्क्यू" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-Louis_de_Secondat_Montesquieu" title="Charles-Louis de Secondat Montesquieu – Croatica" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Charles-Louis de Secondat Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu_(filoz%C3%B3fus)" title="Montesquieu (filozófus) – Hungarica" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Montesquieu (filozófus)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%AC_%D4%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AB_%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D6%84%D5%B5%D5%B8" title="Շառլ Լուի Մոնտեսքյո – Armenica" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շառլ Լուի Մոնտեսքյո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Montesquieu" title="Charles de Montesquieu – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Charles de Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Islandica" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Italiana" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC" title="シャルル・ド・モンテスキュー – Iaponica" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シャルル・ド・モンテスキュー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Iaponica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Iavensis" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Iavensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%94" title="შარლ ლუი დე მონტესკიე – Georgiana" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შარლ ლუი დე მონტესკიე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Шарль Луи Монтескье – Cazachica" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шарль Луи Монтескье" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Cazachica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%BE" title="ម៉ង់តេរីយើ – Chmerica" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ម៉ង់តេរីយើ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Chmerica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82" title="ಮಾಂಟೆಸ್ಕ್ಯೂ – Cannadica" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಾಂಟೆಸ್ಕ್ಯೂ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Cannadica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%BD%ED%85%8C%EC%8A%A4%ED%82%A4%EC%99%B8" title="몽테스키외 – Coreana" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="몽테스키외" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%91" title="Монтескьё – Chirgisica" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Монтескьё" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Chirgisica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Luxemburgica" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Montesquieu" title="Charles de Montesquieu – Lithuanica" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Charles de Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monteskj%C4%93" title="Monteskjē – Lettonica" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Monteskjē" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Malagasiana" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Шарл Монтескје – Macedonica" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Шарл Монтескје" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82" title="മോണ്ടെസ്ക്യൂ – Malabarica" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മോണ്ടെസ്ക്യൂ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82" title="मॅान्टेस्क्यू – Marathica" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मॅान्टेस्क्यू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Malayana" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8" title="မွန်တက်စကျူး – Birmanica" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မွန်တက်စကျူး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81" title="शार्ल लुई मन्टेस्क्यु – Nepalensis" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="शार्ल लुई मन्टेस्क्यु" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Batava" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Batava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Montesquieu" title="Charles Montesquieu – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Charles Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Montesquieu" title="Charles Montesquieu – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Charles Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Occitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%89" title="ਮੋਨਤੈਸਕੀਉ – Panjabica" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੋਨਤੈਸਕੀਉ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Panjabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monteskiusz" title="Monteskiusz – Polonica" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Monteskiusz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu_(Fil%C3%B2sof)" title="Montesquieu (Filòsof) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Montesquieu (Filòsof)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88" title="مونٹیسکیو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مونٹیسکیو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%BC%DB%90%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88" title="مونټېسکیو – Afganica" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مونټېسکیو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Afganica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Lusitana" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Lusitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Quechuae" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechuae" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Secondat,_baron_de_Montesquieu" title="Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu – Dacoromanica" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Dacoromanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%91,_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Монтескьё, Шарль Луи де – Russica" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Монтескьё, Шарль Луи де" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8A%E1%80%90%E1%80%B5%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%80%AE%E1%82%8A%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8A" title="မွင်ႊတဵတ်းၵီႊယိူဝ်ႊ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မွင်ႊတဵတ်းၵီႊယိူဝ်ႊ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Secondat,_Baron_de_Montesquieu" title="Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu – Slovaca" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Secondat,_baron_de_Montesquieu" title="Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu – Slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monteskj%C3%AB" title="Monteskjë – Albanica" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Monteskjë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Монтескје – Serbica" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Монтескје" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-Louis_de_Secondat_Montesquieu" title="Charles-Louis de Secondat Montesquieu – Suecica" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Charles-Louis de Secondat Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Suecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD" title="มงแต็สกีเยอ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มงแต็สกีเยอ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Earl_Montesk%C3%BDu" title="Şarl Monteskýu – Turcomannica" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Şarl Monteskýu" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turcomannica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Turcica" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turcica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%91" title="Шарль де Монтескьё – Tatarica" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Шарль де Монтескьё" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%97_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%27%D1%94" title="Шарль Луї де Монтеск'є – Ucrainica" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шарль Луї де Монтеск'є" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ucrainica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharl_Lui_de_Monteskyo_(Montesquieu)" title="Sharl Lui de Monteskyo (Montesquieu) – Uzbecica" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sharl Lui de Monteskyo (Montesquieu)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu – Vietnamica" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" 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href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Secondat,_baron_de_Montesquieu" title="Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Montesquieu" title="Charles Montesquieu – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Charles Montesquieu" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF%E9%B8%A0" title="孟德斯鸠 – Sinica" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="孟德斯鸠" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Sinica" 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background:#f3f3f3;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3850522">.mw-parser-output .capsa-vicidata{float:right;margin:0 0 2em 1em;padding:.25em .5em;box-shadow:8px 8px 8px #ccc;text-align:center;background-color:#f2f2f2;border:1px solid #bebebe}.mw-parser-output .capsa-vicidata-titulus{padding-top:.44em;font-size:90%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .capsa-vicidata-subtitulus{padding-bottom:.14em;font-size:70%}.mw-parser-output .capsa-vicidata-data{font-size:80%;margin-top:1em;padding:.2em .1em .1em .2em}.mw-parser-output .capsa-vicidata .mw-collapsible{text-align:left}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .capsa-vicidata{width:100%!important;float:none;margin-left:0;box-shadow:0 8px 8px #ccc}}</style> <div class="capsa-vicidata-titulus noviewer"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Wikidata-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/25px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/38px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/50px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Carolus Montesquieu</div> <div class="capsa-vicidata-subtitulus">Res apud <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:ItemByTitle/lawiki/Carolus_Montesquieu" class="extiw" title="d:Special:ItemByTitle/lawiki/Carolus Montesquieu">Vicidata</a> repertae:</div><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Montesquieu_1.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Carolus Montesquieu: imago"><img alt="Carolus Montesquieu: imago" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Montesquieu_1.png/150px-Montesquieu_1.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Montesquieu_1.png/225px-Montesquieu_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Montesquieu_1.png/300px-Montesquieu_1.png 2x" data-file-width="1177" data-file-height="1447" /></a><figcaption>Carolus Montesquieu: imago</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Signatur_Charles_de_Secondat,_Baron_de_Montesquieu.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Carolus Montesquieu: subscriptio"><img alt="Carolus Montesquieu: subscriptio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Signatur_Charles_de_Secondat%2C_Baron_de_Montesquieu.PNG/150px-Signatur_Charles_de_Secondat%2C_Baron_de_Montesquieu.PNG" decoding="async" width="150" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Signatur_Charles_de_Secondat%2C_Baron_de_Montesquieu.PNG/225px-Signatur_Charles_de_Secondat%2C_Baron_de_Montesquieu.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Signatur_Charles_de_Secondat%2C_Baron_de_Montesquieu.PNG 2x" data-file-width="253" data-file-height="72" /></a><figcaption>Carolus Montesquieu: subscriptio</figcaption></figure><div class="capsa-vicidata-data"> <i>Nativitas</i>: <span><span>18 Ianuarii 1689</span></span>; <span><span>Château de la Brède</span></span><br /><i>Obitus</i>: <span><span>10 Februarii 1755</span></span>; <span><span><a href="/wiki/Lutetia" title="Lutetia">Lutetia</a></span></span><br /><i>Patria</i>: <span><span>Francia Borboniensis</span></span><br /><i>Nomen nativum</i>: <span><span><span lang="fr">Charles-Louis de Secondat</span></span></span><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <p><b>Familia</b> </p> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <i>Coniunx</i>: <span><span>Jeanne de Lartigue</span></span><br /><i>Proles</i>: <span><span>Jean-Baptiste de Secondat</span></span><br /></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <p><b>Memoria</b> </p> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <i>Sepultura</i>: <span><span>Church of Saint-Sulpice</span></span><br /></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <p><b>Insignia heraldica</b> </p> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Arms_of_the_House_of_Montesquiou.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carolus Montesquieu: insigne"><img alt="Carolus Montesquieu: insigne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Arms_of_the_House_of_Montesquiou.svg/50px-Arms_of_the_House_of_Montesquiou.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Arms_of_the_House_of_Montesquiou.svg/75px-Arms_of_the_House_of_Montesquiou.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Arms_of_the_House_of_Montesquiou.svg/100px-Arms_of_the_House_of_Montesquiou.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="445" /></a><figcaption>Carolus Montesquieu: insigne</figcaption></figure></div></div></div></div> <p><b>Carolus Montesquieu,</b> plene <b>Carolus Ludovicus de Secondat de La Brède et Montesquius</b> (natus in castello <i><a href="/wiki/La_Br%C3%A8de" title="La Brède">La Brède</a></i> iuxta <a href="/wiki/Burdigala" title="Burdigala">Burdigalam</a> die <a href="/wiki/18_Ianuarii" title="18 Ianuarii">18 Ianuarii</a> <a href="/wiki/1689" title="1689">1689</a>; <a href="/wiki/Lutetia" title="Lutetia">Lutetiae</a> obiit die <a href="/wiki/10_Februarii" title="10 Februarii">10 Februarii</a> <a href="/wiki/1755" title="1755">1755</a>), fuit <a href="/wiki/Philosophus" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophus">philosophus</a> <a href="/wiki/Francice" class="mw-redirect" title="Francice">Francice</a> scribens, qui fuit <a href="/wiki/Philosophia_politica" title="Philosophia politica">philosophiae politicae</a> peritus et <a href="/wiki/Trias_politica" title="Trias politica">separationem potestatum</a> affirmavit. Socius <a href="/wiki/Academia_Francica" title="Academia Francica">Academiae Francicae</a> ex anno <a href="/wiki/1728" title="1728">1728</a> fuit. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vita">Vita</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carolus_Montesquieu&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Recensere partem: Vita" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carolus_Montesquieu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Vita"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Persianische_Briefe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Persianische_Briefe.jpg/220px-Persianische_Briefe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Persianische_Briefe.jpg/330px-Persianische_Briefe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Persianische_Briefe.jpg/440px-Persianische_Briefe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="967" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption><i>Epistularum Persicarum</i> editio princeps</figcaption></figure> <p>Montesquius autodidactice <a href="/wiki/Iurisprudentia" title="Iurisprudentia">iurisprudentiae</a> studens anno 1714 consiliarius parlamenti <a href="/wiki/Burdigala" title="Burdigala">Burdigalensis</a> creatus est. Ei duos annos post praefuit, quando cum aliis Academiam Franciam condidit. Cursus honoris litterarii opere »Lettres persanes« (Amstelodami 1721) incohatus est, ubi sub larva <a href="/wiki/Persae" title="Persae">Persae</a> cuiusdam, i.e. viri naturalis nondum corrupti, res Francicas politicam, societatem, litteras spectantes cum sale reprehendebat. Librum annotationibus auxit Mauritius Meyer (Lutetiae 1841). Ut leges et <a href="/wiki/Constitutio" title="Constitutio">constitutiones</a> civitatum Europaearum, quas in opere »<a href="/wiki/De_l%27esprit_des_lois" title="De l'esprit des lois">De l'esprit des lois</a>« describere intendit, melius cognosceret anno 1726 dimissionem petivit profecturus in <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germaniam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungaria" title="Hungaria">Hungariam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italiam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helvetia" title="Helvetia">Helvetiam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batavia" class="mw-disambig" title="Batavia">Bataviam</a> et <a href="/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia">Angliam</a>. In insula Britannica autem biennium manens socius <a href="/wiki/Regalis_Societas_Londini" title="Regalis Societas Londini">Regalis Societas Londini</a> declaratus est. Paulo ante et in Academia Francica membrum factus erat. </p><p>In castellum susum reversus scripsit »Considérations sur les causes de la grandeur des Romains et de leur décadence« (Amstelodami 1734) necnon sub pseudonymmi <i>Charles d'Outrepont</i> opus »Dialogue de Sylla et d'Eucrate, et de Lysimaque« (Lutetiae 1748), ubi tyranni ingenium accurate revelatur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opus_magnum_terram_percutiens">Opus magnum terram percutiens</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carolus_Montesquieu&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Recensere partem: Opus magnum terram percutiens" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carolus_Montesquieu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Opus magnum terram percutiens"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Praeparatoriis lucubrationibus peractis opus eius magnum denique vulgatum est praetitulatum »De l'esprit des lois« (Genavae 1748). Liber, in quo <a href="/wiki/Ius_publicum" title="Ius publicum">ius publicum</a>, politica, historia et ius positivum eleganter et sine stupore continentur, primum tentamen fuisse videtur, ut conspectus praesentatur institutionum legislationis earumque relatio naturalis secundum condiciones locales et sociales variis in terris vigentes. Inde conclusio fiebat de necessitate diversorum rei publiae generum. Sed maioris momenti intus est theoria ex Anglorum constitutione deprompta de separatione illarum trium potestatum (i.e. legislativae, executivae, iudicativae). Montesquius, qui nondum notiones ex separatione manantes elaboraverat neque theoriarum suarum effectum probaverat, ius publicum constitutivum omni in orbe terrarum maxime movit. </p><p>Inter eius opera alia nota sunt »Lettres familiaires« (Florentiae 1767) et »Le temple de Gnide« (Lutetiae 1725), carmen quoddam in prosa </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Praecipua_opera">Praecipua opera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carolus_Montesquieu&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Recensere partem: Praecipua opera" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carolus_Montesquieu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Praecipua opera"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Causa ponderis corporum (<i>La cause de la pesanteur des corps</i>)</li> <li>Aeterna damnatio paganorum (<i>La damnation éternelle des païens</i>) (1711)</li> <li>Systema idearum (<i>Système des Idées</i>) (1716)</li> <li>Litterae Persicae (<i>Lettres persanes</i>) (<a href="/wiki/1721" title="1721">1721</a>)</li> <li>Considerationes de Romanorum potentiae et labis causis (<i><a href="/wiki/Consid%C3%A9rations_sur_les_causes_de_la_grandeur_des_Romains_et_de_leur_d%C3%A9cadence" title="Considérations sur les causes de la grandeur des Romains et de leur décadence">Considérations sur les causes de la grandeur des Romains et de leur décadence</a></i>) (<a href="/wiki/1734" title="1734">1734</a>)</li> <li>De spiritu legum (<i><a href="/wiki/De_l%27esprit_des_lois" title="De l'esprit des lois">De l'esprit des lois</a></i>) (<a href="/wiki/1748" title="1748">1748</a>)</li> <li>Defensio libri Spiritus legum (<i>La défense de « L'Esprit des lois ») </i> (<a href="/wiki/1750" title="1750">1750</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliographia">Bibliographia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carolus_Montesquieu&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Recensere partem: Bibliographia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carolus_Montesquieu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliographia"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Effi Böhlke, Etienne François (ed.): <i>Montesquieu. Franzose, Europäer, Weltbürger</i>. Akademie, Berolini 2005, <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9783050041650" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-05-004165-0</a>.</li> <li>Claus-Peter Clostermeyer: <i>Zwei Gesichter der Aufklärung. Spannungslagen in Montesquieus "Esprit des Lois".</i> Berolini 1983.</li> <li>Louis Desgraves: <i>Montesquieu</i>. Societäts, Francofurti 1992, <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/3797304978" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-7973-0497-8</a>.</li> <li>Berthold Falk: <i>République fédérale d’Allemagne.</i> In: Société Montesquieu (ed.): <i>L’État et la religion.</i> Serdicae 2007</li> <li>Michael Hereth: <i>Montesquieu zur Einführung</i>. Panorama, Aquae Mattiacae 2005, <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/3926642599" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-926642-59-9</a>.</li> <li>Horst Wolfgang Karkossa: <i>Baron de Montesquieu.</i> In: Ed Randall, Duncan Brack (Hrsg.): <i>The Dictionary of Liberal Thought</i>. Methuen, Londinii 2007.</li> <li>Victor Klemperer: <i>Montesquieu</i> (habilitationi). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/montesquieu01klemgoog#page/n5/mode/2up">Tomus I</a> (1914) und <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/montesquieu00klemgoog#page/n9/mode/2up">Tomus II</a> (1915)</li> <li>Gottfried Koch: <i>Montesquieus Verfassungstheorie</i>. Ergänzt und verbessert von Klaus H. Fischer. Wissenschaftlicher Verlag, Schutterwald 1998, <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/9783928640176" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-928640-17-6</a>.</li> <li>Edgar Mass (Hrsg.): <i>Montesquieu-Traditionen in Deutschland. Beiträge zur Erforschung eines Klassikers.</i> Berolini 2005.</li></ul> <ul><li>Helmut Stubbe da Luz: <i>Montesquieu.</i> Rowohlt, Reinbek 1998, <a href="/wiki/Specialis:Librorum_fontes/3499506092" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-499-50609-2</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nexus_interni">Nexus interni</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7064_Montesquieu" title="7064 Montesquieu">7064 Montesquieu</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nexus_externus">Nexus externus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carolus_Montesquieu&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Recensere partem: Nexus externus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carolus_Montesquieu&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Nexus externus"><span>fontem recensere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <table border="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td align="left"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pagina_prima" class="extiw" title="commons:Pagina prima">Vicimedia Communia</a></b> plura habent quae ad <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Montesquieu" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Montesquieu">Carolum Montesquieu</a></b> spectant. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Auteur:Montesquieu">Res apud Vicifontem</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academie-francaise.fr/les-immortels/charles-de-secondat-baron-de-montesquieu">Montesquius inter Academiae immortales</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.projekt-gutenberg.org/autoren/namen/montesqu.html">Opera selecta Theodisce versa</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Receptum de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carolus_Montesquieu&oldid=3811349">https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carolus_Montesquieu&oldid=3811349</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Categoriae" title="Specialis:Categoriae">Categoriae</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Viri" title="Categoria:Viri">Viri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Nati_1689" title="Categoria:Nati 1689">Nati 1689</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Mortui_1755" title="Categoria:Mortui 1755">Mortui 1755</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Auctores_Francogallici" title="Categoria:Auctores Francogallici">Auctores Francogallici</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Francomurarii" title="Categoria:Francomurarii">Francomurarii</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Scriptores_de_re_politica" title="Categoria:Scriptores de re politica">Scriptores de re politica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Philosophi_historiae" title="Categoria:Philosophi historiae">Philosophi historiae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Scriptores_Franciae" title="Categoria:Scriptores Franciae">Scriptores Franciae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Socii_Academiae_Francicae" title="Categoria:Socii Academiae Francicae">Socii Academiae Francicae</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categoriae celatae: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Paginae_cum_sectione_nexuum_internorum" title="Categoria:Paginae cum sectione nexuum internorum">Paginae cum sectione nexuum internorum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Myrias_Homines" title="Categoria:Myrias Homines">Myrias Homines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Pages_using_ISBN_magic_links" title="Categoria:Pages using ISBN magic links">Pages using ISBN magic links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Novissima mutatio die 18 Ianuarii 2024 hora 17:04 facta.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Nonobstantibus ceteris condicionibus hunc textum tractare licet secundum <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License"</a>. 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