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Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"> Meld aan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering">leer meer</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Bydraes</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n">Bespreking</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div 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id="toc-Voorgeskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voorgeskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Voorgeskiedenis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voorgeskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europese_inmenging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europese_inmenging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Europese inmenging </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europese_inmenging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kolonialisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kolonialisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Kolonialisme </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kolonialisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tweede_Wêreldoorlog" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tweede_Wêreldoorlog"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Tweede Wêreldoorlog </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tweede_Wêreldoorlog-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bougainville" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bougainville"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Bougainville </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bougainville-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chinese_minderheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chinese_minderheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Chinese minderheid </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chinese_minderheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aardbewings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aardbewings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Aardbewings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aardbewings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geografie </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Wissel Geografie subafdeling </button> <ul id="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Klimaat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klimaat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Klimaat </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klimaat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grense" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grense"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Grense </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grense-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Ekologie </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Omgewingskwessies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Omgewingskwessies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Omgewingskwessies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Omgewingskwessies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aardbewing_in_2018" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aardbewing_in_2018"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Aardbewing in 2018 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aardbewing_in_2018-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politiek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politiek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Politiek </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politiek-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Wissel Politiek subafdeling </button> <ul id="toc-Politiek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Regering </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wetgewing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wetgewing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Wetgewing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wetgewing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buitelandse_betrekkinge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buitelandse_betrekkinge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Buitelandse betrekkinge </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buitelandse_betrekkinge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weermag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weermag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Weermag </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weermag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Menseregte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Menseregte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Menseregte </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Menseregte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administratiewe_afdelings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administratiewe_afdelings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Administratiewe afdelings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administratiewe_afdelings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Ekonomie </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekonomie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Wissel Ekonomie subafdeling </button> <ul id="toc-Ekonomie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Grondbesit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grondbesit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Grondbesit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grondbesit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Demografie </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Wissel Demografie subafdeling </button> <ul id="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Verstedeliking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verstedeliking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Verstedeliking </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verstedeliking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Tale </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gesondheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gesondheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Gesondheid </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gesondheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Godsdiens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Godsdiens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Godsdiens </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Godsdiens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Kultuur </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kultuur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Wissel Kultuur subafdeling </button> <ul id="toc-Kultuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Sport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Onderwys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Onderwys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Onderwys </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Onderwys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wetenskap_en_tegnologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wetenskap_en_tegnologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Wetenskap en tegnologie </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wetenskap_en_tegnologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vervoer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vervoer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Vervoer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vervoer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Verwysings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronnelys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronnelys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Bronnelys </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronnelys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verdere_leesstof" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verdere_leesstof"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Verdere leesstof </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verdere_leesstof-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Eksterne skakels </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Wissel die inhoudsopgawe </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Papoea-Nieu-Guinee</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 231 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-231" aria-hidden="true" > 231 tale </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0-%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B0_%D2%BF%D1%8B%D1%86" title="Папуа-Гвинеиа ҿыц – Abkasies" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Папуа-Гвинеиа ҿыц" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkasies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea – Atsjenees" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Papua New Guinea" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Atsjenees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua-Neuguinea" title="Papua-Neuguinea – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Papua-Neuguinea" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%93%E1%8D%91%E1%8B%8B_%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%8D_%E1%8C%8A%E1%8A%92" title="ፓፑዋ ኒው ጊኒ – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፓፑዋ ኒው ጊኒ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papuwa_Niw_Kiniya" title="Papuwa Niw Kiniya – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Papuwa Niw Kiniya" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_y_Nueva_Guinea" title="Papua y Nueva Guinea – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Papua y Nueva Guinea" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_N%C4%ABwguineg" title="Papua Nīwguineg – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Papua Nīwguineg" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="पापुआ न्यू गीनिया – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पापुआ न्यू गीनिया" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="بابوا غينيا الجديدة – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بابوا غينيا الجديدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="پاپوا غينيا الجديدة – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="پاپوا غينيا الجديدة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="بابوا نيو جينيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بابوا نيو جينيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pap%C3%BAa_Nueva_Guinea" title="Papúa Nueva Guinea – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Papúa Nueva Guinea" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papuaniuginia" title="Papuaniuginia – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Papuaniuginia" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nu_Gini" title="Papua Nu Gini – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Papua Nu Gini" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua-Yeni_Qvineya" title="Papua-Yeni Qvineya – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Papua-Yeni Qvineya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%A7_%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87" title="پاپوا یئنی قینه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پاپوا یئنی قینه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%AF%D2%A3%D1%8B_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Папуа — Яңы Гвинея – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Папуа — Яңы Гвинея" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nugini" title="Papua Nugini – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Papua Nugini" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua-Neuguinea" title="Papua-Neuguinea – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Papua-Neuguinea" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Naujuoj%C4%97_Gv%C4%97niej%C4%97" title="Papua Naujuojė Gvėniejė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Papua Naujuojė Gvėniejė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Bagong_Guineya" title="Papua Bagong Guineya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Papua Bagong Guineya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%93%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Папуа — Новая Гвінея – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Папуа — Новая Гвінея" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0-%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%93%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%8F" title="Папуа-Новая Гвінэя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Папуа-Новая Гвінэя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nugini" title="Papua Nugini – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Papua Nugini" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Папуа Нова Гвинея – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Папуа Нова Гвинея" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Niugini" title="Papua Niugini – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Papua Niugini" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="পাপুয়া নিউগিনি – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পাপুয়া নিউগিনি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8D" title="པ་པུ་འ་ནིའུ་གི་ནེ། – Tibettaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="པ་པུ་འ་ནིའུ་གི་ནེ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibettaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="পাপুয়া নিউগিনি – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="পাপুয়া নিউগিনি" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papoua_Ginea-Nevez" title="Papoua Ginea-Nevez – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Papoua Ginea-Nevez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nova_Gvineja" title="Papua Nova Gvineja – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Papua Nova Gvineja" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Папуа Шэнэ Гвиней – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Папуа Шэнэ Гвиней" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nova_Guinea" title="Papua Nova Guinea – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Papua Nova Guinea" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nueva_Guinea" title="Papua Nueva Guinea – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Papua Nueva Guinea" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Papua New Guinea" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Папуа — Керла Гвиней – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Папуа — Керла Гвиней" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nugini_sa_Papua" title="Nugini sa Papua – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Nugini sa Papua" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%86%E1%8F%87%E1%8E%A2%E1%8F%A4%E1%8E%A9%E1%8E%A2%E1%8F%82" title="ᏆᏇᎢᏤᎩᎢᏂ – Cherokees" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏆᏇᎢᏤᎩᎢᏂ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokees" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea – Cheyennees" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Papua New Guinea" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyennees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%A7_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8E%DB%8C_%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8E" title="پاپوا گینێی نوێ – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پاپوا گینێی نوێ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Ya%C3%B1%C4%B1_Gvineya" title="Papua Yañı Gvineya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Papua Yañı Gvineya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nov%C3%A1_Guinea" title="Papua Nová Guinea – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Papua Nová Guinea" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B0_%C2%B7_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%94%EA%99%97" title="Папоуа · Нова Гвинєꙗ – Kerkslawies" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Папоуа · Нова Гвинєꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Kerkslawies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%C3%87%C4%95%D0%BD%C4%95_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Папуа — Çĕнĕ Гвиней – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Папуа — Çĕнĕ Гвиней" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Gini_Newydd" title="Papua Gini Newydd – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Papua Gini Newydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Ny_Guinea" title="Papua Ny Guinea – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Papua Ny Guinea" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua-Neuguinea" title="Papua-Neuguinea – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Papua-Neuguinea" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Gineya_Newiye" title="Papua Gineya Newiye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Papua Gineya Newiye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua-Neuguinea" title="Papua-Neuguinea – Benedesorbies" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Papua-Neuguinea" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Benedesorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Papua New Guinea" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="पपुवा न्युगिनी – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="पपुवा न्युगिनी" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%95%DE%A6%DE%95%DE%AA%DE%87%DE%A7_%DE%82%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%AA_%DE%8E%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%A9" title="ޕަޕުއާ ނިއު ގިނީ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޕަޕުއާ ނިއު ގިނީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B1_%CE%9D%CE%AD%CE%B1_%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AD%CE%B1" title="Παπούα Νέα Γουινέα – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παπούα Νέα Γουινέα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Papua New Guinea" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papuo-Nov-Gvineo" title="Papuo-Nov-Gvineo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Papuo-Nov-Gvineo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pap%C3%BAa_Nueva_Guinea" title="Papúa Nueva Guinea – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Papúa Nueva Guinea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paapua_Uus-Guinea" title="Paapua Uus-Guinea – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Paapua Uus-Guinea" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Ginea_Berria" title="Papua Ginea Berria – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Papua Ginea Berria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nueva_Guinea" title="Papua Nueva Guinea – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Papua Nueva Guinea" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%A2_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%86%D9%88" title="پاپوآ گینه نو – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پاپوآ گینه نو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua-Uusi-Guinea" title="Papua-Uusi-Guinea – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Papua-Uusi-Guinea" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paapua_Vahts%C3%B5n%C3%B5_Ginea" title="Paapua Vahtsõnõ Ginea – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Paapua Vahtsõnõ Ginea" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Niu_Kini" title="Papua Niu Kini – Fidjiaans" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Papua Niu Kini" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fidjiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_N%C3%BDguinea" title="Papua Nýguinea – Faroëes" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Papua Nýguinea" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroëes" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guin%C3%A9e" title="Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papoasie-Nov%C3%A8la-Guin%C3%AA" title="Papoasie-Novèla-Guinê – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Papoasie-Novèla-Guinê" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua-Nei-Guinea" title="Papua-Nei-Guinea – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Papua-Nei-Guinea" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papoea_Nij-Guine%C3%A4" title="Papoea Nij-Guineä – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Papoea Nij-Guineä" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nua-Ghuine_Phapua" title="Nua-Ghuine Phapua – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nua-Ghuine Phapua" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Eni_Gvineya" title="Papua Eni Gvineya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Papua Eni Gvineya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papouazi-Nouv%C3%A8l-Gin%C3%A9" title="Papouazi-Nouvèl-Giné – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Papouazi-Nouvèl-Giné" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini_Nuadh_Phaputhach" title="Gini Nuadh Phaputhach – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gini Nuadh Phaputhach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pap%C3%BAa_Nova_Guinea" title="Papúa Nova Guinea – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Papúa Nova Guinea" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pap%C3%BAa_Gin%C3%A9a_Pyahu" title="Papúa Ginéa Pyahu – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Papúa Ginéa Pyahu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="पापुआ न्यू गिनी – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="पापुआ न्यू गिनी" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%86_%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%82_%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%80" title="પાપુઆ ન્યૂ ગિની – Goedjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પાપુઆ ન્યૂ ગિની" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Goedjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papooey_Guinea_Noa" title="Papooey Guinea Noa – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Papooey Guinea Noa" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabuwar_Gini_Papuwa" title="Sabuwar Gini Papuwa – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Sabuwar Gini Papuwa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea – Hakka-Sjinees" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Papua New Guinea" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81pua_N%C5%ABkini" title="Pāpua Nūkini – Hawais" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Pāpua Nūkini" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%94" title="פפואה גינאה החדשה – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פפואה גינאה החדשה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="पापुआ न्यू गिनी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पापुआ न्यू गिनी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Papua New Guinea" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nova_Gvineja" title="Papua Nova Gvineja – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Papua Nova Gvineja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papuwa-Nowa_Gineja" title="Papuwa-Nowa Gineja – Oppersorbies" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Papuwa-Nowa Gineja" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papwazi-Nouv%C3%A8l-Gine" title="Papwazi-Nouvèl-Gine – Haïtiaans" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Papwazi-Nouvèl-Gine" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1pua_%C3%9Aj-Guinea" title="Pápua Új-Guinea – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pápua Új-Guinea" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1_%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%80_%D4%B3%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%A1" title="Պապուա Նոր Գվինեա – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պապուա Նոր Գվինեա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nove_Guinea" title="Papua Nove Guinea – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Papua Nove Guinea" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nugini" title="Papua Nugini – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Papua Nugini" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua-Nov_Guin%C3%A9a" title="Papua-Nov Guinéa – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Papua-Nov Guinéa" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Baro_a_Guinea" title="Papua Baro a Guinea – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Papua Baro a Guinea" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua-Nova-Guinea" title="Papua-Nova-Guinea – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Papua-Nova-Guinea" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pap%C3%BAa_N%C3%BDja-G%C3%ADnea" title="Papúa Nýja-Gínea – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Papúa Nýja-Gínea" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nuova_Guinea" title="Papua Nuova Guinea – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Papua Nuova Guinea" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%B8%E1%90%B3%E1%90%8A_%E1%93%82%E1%90%85_%E1%92%8D%E1%90%83%E1%93%87" title="ᐸᐳᐊ ᓂᐅ ᒍᐃᓇ – Inoektitoet" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐸᐳᐊ ᓂᐅ ᒍᐃᓇ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inoektitoet" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%97%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AE%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2" title="パプアニューギニア – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パプアニューギニア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nyuu_Gini" title="Papua Nyuu Gini – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Papua Nyuu Gini" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Niu_Guin%C3%A9a" title="Papua Niu Guinéa – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Papua Niu Guinéa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90-%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%90" title="პაპუა-ახალი გვინეა – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პაპუა-ახალი გვინეა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua-Ja%C5%84a_Gvineya" title="Papua-Jańa Gvineya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Papua-Jańa Gvineya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Ginya_Tamaynut" title="Papua Ginya Tamaynut – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Papua Ginya Tamaynut" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papuwazii_Kinee_K%C9%A9fal%CA%8A%CA%8A" title="Papuwazii Kinee Kɩfalʊʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Papuwazii Kinee Kɩfalʊʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papwa_Gini_A%CC%B1fai" title="Papwa Gini A̱fai – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Papwa Gini A̱fai" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nugini" title="Papua Nugini – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Papua Nugini" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Папуа — Жаңа Гвинея – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Папуа — Жаңа Гвинея" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%81" title="ប៉ាពួនូវែលគីនេ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ប៉ាពួនូវែលគីនេ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%85_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82_%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ಪಾಪುಅ ನ್ಯೂ ಗಿನಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪಾಪುಅ ನ್ಯೂ ಗಿನಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%ED%91%B8%EC%95%84%EB%89%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%8B%88" title="파푸아뉴기니 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파푸아뉴기니" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8B_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Папуа — Джангы Гвинея – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Папуа — Джангы Гвинея" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_G%C3%AEneya_N%C3%BB" title="Papua Gîneya Nû – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Papua Gîneya Nû" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papoua_Gyni_Nowydh" title="Papoua Gyni Nowydh – Kornies" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Papoua Gyni Nowydh" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0-%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D1%8B_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Папуа-Жаңы Гвинея – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Папуа-Жаңы Гвинея" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nova_Guinea" title="Papua Nova Guinea – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Papua Nova Guinea" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua-Neiguinea" title="Papua-Neiguinea – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Papua-Neiguinea" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Gine_Nova" title="Papua Gine Nova – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Papua Gine Nova" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papoea-Nui-Guinea" title="Papoea-Nui-Guinea – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Papoea-Nui-Guinea" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Neuva_Guinea" title="Papua Neuva Guinea – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Papua Neuva Guinea" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nueva_Guinea" title="Papua Nueva Guinea – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Papua Nueva Guinea" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_N%C3%B6va_Guinea" title="Papua Növa Guinea – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Papua Növa Guinea" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papwa-Gin%C3%A9_ya_Sika" title="Papwa-Giné ya Sika – Lingaals" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Papwa-Giné ya Sika" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingaals" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%99" title="ປະເທດປາປົວນິວກີເນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດປາປົວນິວກີເນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Naujoji_Gvin%C4%97ja" title="Papua Naujoji Gvinėja – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Papua Naujoji Gvinėja" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua-Jaungvineja" title="Papua-Jaungvineja – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Papua-Jaungvineja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nugini" title="Papua Nugini – Madurees" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Papua Nugini" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nugini" title="Papua Nugini – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Papua Nugini" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papoazia-Ginea-Vaovao" title="Papoazia-Ginea-Vaovao – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Papoazia-Ginea-Vaovao" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_N%C5%ABkini" title="Papua Nūkini – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Papua Nūkini" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nugini" title="Papua Nugini – Minangkabaus" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Papua Nugini" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabaus" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Папуа Нова Гвинеја – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Папуа Нова Гвинеја" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82_%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="പാപുവ ന്യൂ ഗിനിയ – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പാപുവ ന്യൂ ഗിനിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8D_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Папуа Шинэ Гвиней – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Папуа Шинэ Гвиней" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5_%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A8_%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯄꯥꯄꯨꯋꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯒꯤꯅꯤ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯄꯥꯄꯨꯋꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯒꯤꯅꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="पापुआ न्यू गिनी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पापुआ न्यू गिनी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%A3_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Папуа — У Гвиней – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Папуа — У Гвиней" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Papua New Guinea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papwa_Gwinea_l-%C4%A0dida" title="Papwa Gwinea l-Ġdida – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Papwa Gwinea l-Ġdida" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua-Nuoba_Guin%C3%A9" title="Papua-Nuoba Guiné – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Papua-Nuoba Guiné" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%95%E1%80%B0%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%82%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ပါပူအာနယူးဂီနီနိုင်ငံ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပါပူအာနယူးဂီနီနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%A2_%D9%86%D9%88_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87" title="پاپوآ نو گینه – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پاپوآ نو گینه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua-Niegguinea" title="Papua-Niegguinea – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Papua-Niegguinea" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nyguinea" title="Papua Nyguinea – Nedersaksies" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Papua Nyguinea" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="पपुवा न्युगिनी – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पपुवा न्युगिनी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="पपुवा न्हु गिनिया – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पपुवा न्हु गिनिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nugini" title="Papua Nugini – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Papua Nugini" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea" title="Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Ny-Guinea" title="Papua Ny-Guinea – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Papua Ny-Guinea" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Ny-Guinea" title="Papua Ny-Guinea – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Papua Ny-Guinea" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chooy%C3%A9%C3%A9%C5%82_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Chooyééł Dineʼé Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Chooyééł Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papoa-N%C3%B2va_Guin%C3%A8a" title="Papoa-Nòva Guinèa – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Papoa-Nòva Guinèa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua-Uuzi_Guinea" title="Papua-Uuzi Guinea – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Papua-Uuzi Guinea" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paappu%27aa_Niwuu_Giinii" title="Paappu'aa Niwuu Giinii – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Paappu'aa Niwuu Giinii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%86_%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%89_%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF" title="ପାପୁଆ ନିଉ ଗିନି – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପାପୁଆ ନିଉ ଗିନି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%C3%A6_%E2%80%94_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Папуæ — Ног Гвиней – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Папуæ — Ног Гвиней" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80" title="ਪਾਪੂਆ ਨਿਊ ਗਿਨੀ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਾਪੂਆ ਨਿਊ ਗਿਨੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Papua New Guinea" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua-Nieuw-Guinea" title="Papua-Nieuw-Guinea – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Papua-Nieuw-Guinea" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Niu_Gini" title="Papua Niu Gini – Nigeriese Pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Papua Niu Gini" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nigeriese Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Naijá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="पपुवा न्यू गिनी – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="पपुवा न्यू गिनी" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nyuu_Gini" title="Papua Nyuu Gini – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Papua Nyuu Gini" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua-Nowa_Gwinea" title="Papua-Nowa Gwinea – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Papua-Nowa Gwinea" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Neuva_Guinea" title="Papua Neuva Guinea – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Papua Neuva Guinea" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%86%DB%8C" title="پاپوانیوگنی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پاپوانیوگنی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%DB%90_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%AB%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87" title="نوې پاپواګينه – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نوې پاپواګينه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua-Nova_Guin%C3%A9" title="Papua-Nova Guiné – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Papua-Nova Guiné" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papwa_%C3%91ukini" title="Papwa Ñukini – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Papwa Ñukini" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Noua_Guinee" title="Papua Noua Guinee – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Papua Noua Guinee" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Папуа — Новая Гвинея – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Папуа — Новая Гвинея" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D2%90%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Папуа Нова Ґвінея – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Папуа Нова Ґвінея" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papuwa_Nuveli_Gineya" title="Papuwa Nuveli Gineya – Rwandees" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Papuwa Nuveli Gineya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Rwandees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="पापुआ नवगिनी – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पापुआ नवगिनी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%A5%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Папуа Саҥа Гвинея – Sakhaans" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Папуа Саҥа Гвинея" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakhaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A3_%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱯᱟᱯᱩᱣᱟ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱜᱤᱱᱤ – Santalies" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱟᱯᱩᱣᱟ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱜᱤᱱᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santalies" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0pua_Noa_Guinea" title="Pàpua Noa Guinea – Sardinies" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Pàpua Noa Guinea" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nova_Guinea" title="Papua Nova Guinea – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Papua Nova Guinea" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Papua New Guinea" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88_%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%8A" title="پاپوا نيو گني – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پاپوا نيو گني" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_O%C4%91%C4%91a-Guinea" title="Papua Ođđa-Guinea – Noord-Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Papua Ođđa-Guinea" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pap%C3%BB_Fin%C3%AE_Gin%C3%ABe" title="Papû Finî Ginëe – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Papû Finî Ginëe" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nova_Gvineja" title="Papua Nova Gvineja – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Papua Nova Gvineja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%82%82%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%81%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%81%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းပႃးပႂႃႇၼိဝ်းၵီးၼီး – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းပႃးပႂႃႇၼိဝ်းၵီးၼီး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="පැපුවා නවගිනියාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පැපුවා නවගිනියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Papua New Guinea" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua-Nov%C3%A1_Guinea" title="Papua-Nová Guinea – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Papua-Nová Guinea" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papuanska_Nova_Gvineja" title="Papuanska Nova Gvineja – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Papuanska Nova Gvineja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Niu_Kini" title="Papua Niu Kini – Samoaans" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Papua Niu Kini" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_U%C4%91%C4%91%C3%A2-Guinea" title="Papua Uđđâ-Guinea – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Papua Uđđâ-Guinea" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Papua New Guinea" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Guinea_e_Re" title="Papua Guinea e Re – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Papua Guinea e Re" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Папуа Нова Гвинеја – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Папуа Нова Гвинеја" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nugini" title="Papua Nugini – Sundanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Papua Nugini" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nya_Guinea" title="Papua Nya Guinea – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Papua Nya Guinea" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Guinea_Mpya" title="Papua Guinea Mpya – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Papua Guinea Mpya" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua-Nowo_Gwinyjo" title="Papua-Nowo Gwinyjo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Papua-Nowo Gwinyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Papua New Guinea" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF" title="பப்புவா நியூ கினி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பப்புவா நியூ கினி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_new_guinea" title="Papua new guinea – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Papua new guinea" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82_%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80" title="ప్యాపువా న్యూ గినీ – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ప్యాపువా న్యూ గినీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Папуа Гвинеяи Нав – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Папуа Гвинеяи Нав" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5" title="ประเทศปาปัวนิวกินี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศปาปัวนิวกินี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua-T%C3%A4ze_Gwine%C3%BDa" title="Papua-Täze Gwineýa – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Papua-Täze Gwineýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nueva_Guinea" title="Papua Nueva Guinea – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Papua Nueva Guinea" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81pua_Niu_Kini" title="Pāpua Niu Kini – Tongaans" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Pāpua Niu Kini" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Niugini" title="Papua Niugini – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Papua Niugini" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Yeni_Gine" title="Papua Yeni Gine – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Papua Yeni Gine" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Papua New Guinea" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%AF%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Папуа — Яңа Гвинея – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Папуа — Яңа Гвинея" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81pua" title="Pāpua – Tahities" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Pāpua" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahities" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Папуа — Выль Гвинея – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Папуа — Выль Гвинея" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%87%D8%A6%D8%A7_%D9%8A%DB%90%DA%AD%D9%89_%DA%AF%DB%8B%D9%89%D9%86%DB%90%D9%8A%DB%95" title="پاپۇئا يېڭى گۋىنېيە – Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پاپۇئا يېڭى گۋىنېيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Папуа Нова Гвінея – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Папуа Нова Гвінея" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%A7_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88_%DA%AF%D9%86%DB%8C" title="پاپوا نیو گنی – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پاپوا نیو گنی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Yangi_Gvineya" title="Papua Yangi Gvineya – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Papua Yangi Gvineya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_Nova_Guinea" title="Papua Nova Guinea – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Papua Nova Guinea" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_%E2%80%94_Uz%27_Gvinei" title="Papua — Uz' Gvinei – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Papua — Uz' Gvinei" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Papua New Guinea" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papuve%C3%A4n_Nula-Giney%C3%A4n" title="Papuveän Nula-Gineyän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Papuveän Nula-Gineyän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pap%C3%BAa_Nueva_Guinea" title="Papúa Nueva Guinea – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Papúa Nueva Guinea" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papuwaasi-Gine-Gu-Bees" title="Papuwaasi-Gine-Gu-Bees – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Papuwaasi-Gine-Gu-Bees" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%BE%E5%85%A7%E4%BA%9E" title="巴布亞新幾內亞 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="巴布亞新幾內亞" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini_eNtsha_yasePapuwa" title="Gini eNtsha yasePapuwa – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Gini eNtsha yasePapuwa" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90-%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%90" title="პაპუა-ახალი გვინეა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პაპუა-ახალი გვინეა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%90_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99_%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A2" title="פאפוא ניי גינע – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאפוא ניי גינע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Papua New Guinea" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papoea_Nieuw-Hunea" title="Papoea Nieuw-Hunea – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Papoea Nieuw-Hunea" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B1%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%A1%E2%B4%B0_%E2%B4%B3%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C" title="ⴱⴰⴱⵡⴰ ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ – Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴱⴰⴱⵡⴰ ⴳⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standaard Marokkaanse Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B0%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" title="巴布亚新几内亚 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴布亚新几内亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%BE%E5%85%A7%E4%BA%9E" title="巴布亞新幾內亞 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="巴布亞新幾內亞" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Papua New Guinea" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%B0%E7%95%BF%E5%85%A7%E4%BA%9E" title="巴布亞新畿內亞 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="巴布亞新畿內亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Papua_Nyugini" title="I-Papua Nyugini – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="I-Papua Nyugini" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q691#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Papoea-Nieu-Guinee" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c">Bladsy</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Papoea-Nieu-Guinee" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t">Bespreking</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Afrikaans </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Papoea-Nieu-Guinee">Lees</a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v">Wysig</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e">Wysig bron</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h">Wys geskiedenis</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Gereedskap </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Papoea-Nieu-Guinee">Lees</a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v">Wysig</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e">Wysig bron</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=history">Wys geskiedenis</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Papoea-Nieu-Guinee" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j">Skakels hierheen</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Papoea-Nieu-Guinee" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k">Verwante veranderings</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q">Spesiale bladsye</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&oldid=2679716" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy">Permanente skakel</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=info" title="More information about this page">Bladinligting</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&id=2679716&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys">Haal dié blad aan</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPapoea-Nieu-Guinee">Kry verkorte URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPapoea-Nieu-Guinee">Laai QR-kode af</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee">Skep boek</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=show-download-screen">Laai af as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p">Drukbare weergawe</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q691" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata-item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox bordered" cellpadding="4" style="width: 250px; font-size: 88%;"> <caption style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: 120%;">Onafhanklike Staat Papoea-Nieu-Guinee Independent State of Papua New Guinea (<a href="/wiki/Engels" title="Engels">Engels</a>) Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini (<a href="/wiki/Tok_Pisin" title="Tok Pisin">Tok Pisin</a>) Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini (<a href="/wiki/Hiri_Motu" title="Hiri Motu">Hiri Motu</a>) </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"> <table style="text-align: center; margin: 0 auto; background: none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 95%;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee"><img alt="Vlag van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/125px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/188px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/250px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a> </td> <td style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wapen van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee"><img alt="Wapen van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/85px-National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/128px-National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/170px-National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="580" /></a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size: 95%;"> <td style="border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Vlag_van_Papoea-Nieu-Guinee" title="Vlag van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee">Vlag</a> </td> <td style="border: 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wapen_van_Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wapen van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee (bladsy bestaan nie)">Wapen</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_nasionale_leuses" title="Lys van nasionale leuses">Nasionale leuse</a>: Unity in diversity<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> (Engels vir: "Eenheid in verskeidenheid") </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Volkslied" title="Volkslied">Volkslied</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=O_Arise,_All_You_Sons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O Arise, All You Sons (bladsy bestaan nie)">O Arise, All You Sons</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> (Engels vir: "O staan op, al jou seuns") <center><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="58" data-mwtitle="O_Arise,_All_You_Sons_(instrumental).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/O_Arise%2C_All_You_Sons_%28instrumental%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/O_Arise%2C_All_You_Sons_%28instrumental%29.ogg/O_Arise%2C_All_You_Sons_%28instrumental%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AO_Arise%2C_All_You_Sons_%28instrumental%29.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AO_Arise%2C_All_You_Sons_%28instrumental%29.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AO_Arise%2C_All_You_Sons_%28instrumental%29.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AO_Arise%2C_All_You_Sons_%28instrumental%29.ogg&lang=tpi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tpi" label="Tok Pisin ‪(tpi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AO_Arise%2C_All_You_Sons_%28instrumental%29.ogg&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська ‪(uk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></center> Koninklike volkslied: <a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">God Save the King</a> (Engels vir: "God beskerm die koning") <center><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="50" data-mwtitle="U.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/U.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga/U.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/U.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=cy&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="cy" label="Cymraeg ‪(cy)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=dag&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="dag" label="dagbanli ‪(dag)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=ga&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ga" label="Gaeilge ‪(ga)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=gd&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="gd" label="Gàidhlig ‪(gd)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=hu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hu" label="magyar ‪(hu)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=la&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="la" label="Latina ‪(la)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=mi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="mi" label="Māori ‪(mi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=ms&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ms" label="Bahasa Melayu ‪(ms)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=my&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="my" label="မြန်မာဘာသာ ‪(my)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=nrm&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="nrf" label="Nouormand ‪(nrm)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AU.S._Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_King.oga&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></center> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background: white;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Papua_New_Guinea_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ligging van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee"><img alt="Ligging van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Papua_New_Guinea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Papua_New_Guinea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Papua_New_Guinea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-Papua_New_Guinea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Papua_New_Guinea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-Papua_New_Guinea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hoofstad" title="Hoofstad">Hoofstad</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Port_Moresby" title="Port Moresby">Port Moresby</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2670708">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&language=af&params=9_30_S_147_07_O_">9°30′S 147°07′O / 9.500°S 147.117°O / -9.500; 147.117</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Grootste stad </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Port_Moresby" title="Port Moresby">Port Moresby</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Amptelike_taal" title="Amptelike taal">Amptelike tale</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Engels" title="Engels">Engels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiri_Motu" title="Hiri Motu">Hiri Motu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tok_Pisin" title="Tok Pisin">Tok Pisin</a> en Papoea-Nieu-Guinese <a href="/wiki/Gebaretaal" title="Gebaretaal">gebaretaal</a><a href="#cite_note-CIA-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_regeringstipe" title="Lys van lande volgens regeringstipe">Regering</a> <div style="text-align: left;"> • <a href="/wiki/Monarg" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarg">Monarg</a> • Goewerneur-generaal • <a href="/wiki/Eerste_minister" title="Eerste minister">Eerste minister</a></div> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;">Unitêre parlementêre <a href="/wiki/Grondwetlike_monargie" title="Grondwetlike monargie">grondwetlike monargie</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_van_die_Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Charles III van die Verenigde Koninkryk">Charles III</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Dadae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bob Dadae (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bob Dadae</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Marape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Marape (bladsy bestaan nie)">James Marape</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_onafhanklikheidsdatum" title="Lys van lande volgens onafhanklikheidsdatum">Onafhanklikheid</a> <div style="text-align: left;">• Administratiewe unie van Papoea en <a href="/wiki/Nieu-Guinee" title="Nieu-Guinee">Nieu-Guinee</a> • Verklaar en erken </div> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;">van <a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB" title="Australië">Australië</a> <a href="/wiki/1_Julie" title="1 Julie">1 Julie</a> <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a> <a href="/wiki/16_September" title="16 September">16 September</a> <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oppervlakte" title="Oppervlakte">Oppervlakte</a>  - Totaal    - Water (%) </td> <td>  462 840<a href="#cite_note-CIA-3">[3]</a> km2  (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_oppervlak" title="Lys van lande volgens oppervlak">57ste</a>) 178 700 myl2 2 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_bevolking" title="Lys van lande volgens bevolking">Bevolking</a>  - 2023-skatting  - 2011-sensus  - <a href="/wiki/Bevolkingsdigtheid" title="Bevolkingsdigtheid">Digtheid</a> </td> <td>  9 819 350<a href="#cite_note-CIA-3">[3]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_bevolking" title="Lys van lande volgens bevolking">93ste</a>) 7 275 324<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> 15 / km2 (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_bevolkingsdigtheid" title="Lys van lande volgens bevolkingsdigtheid">201ste</a>) 38,8 / myl2 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bruto_binnelandse_produk" title="Bruto binnelandse produk">BBP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Koopkragpariteit" title="Koopkragpariteit">KKP</a>)  - Totaal  - Per capita </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>-skatting $44,885 miljard<a href="#cite_note-imf2-6">[6]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(Koopkragpariteit)" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (Koopkragpariteit)">124ste</a>) $3 581<a href="#cite_note-imf2-6">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(Koopkragpariteit)_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (Koopkragpariteit) per capita">(145ste)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(nominaal)" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (nominaal)">BBP</a> (nominaal)  - Totaal  - Per capita </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>-skatting $32,890 miljard<a href="#cite_note-imf2-6">[6]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(nominaal)" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (nominaal)">110de</a>) $2 624<a href="#cite_note-imf2-6">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_BBP_(nominaal)_per_capita" title="Lys van lande volgens BBP (nominaal) per capita">(129ste)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Menslike_ontwikkelingsindeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Menslike ontwikkelingsindeks">MOI</a> (<a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/10px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/15px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg/20px-Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a> 0,558<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande_volgens_Menslike_Ontwikkelingsindeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Lys van lande volgens Menslike Ontwikkelingsindeks">156ste</a>)  –  laag </td></tr> <tr> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gini-ko%C3%ABffisi%C3%ABnt" title="Gini-koëffisiënt">Gini</a> (<a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>) </td> <td>41,9<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> –  medium </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Geld" title="Geld">Geldeenheid</a> </td> <td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinese_kina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papoea-Nieu-Guinese kina (bladsy bestaan nie)">Kina</a> (<code><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">PGK</a></code>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tydsone" title="Tydsone">Tydsone</a>  - <a href="/wiki/Somertyd" title="Somertyd">Somertyd</a> </td> <td>AOST (<a href="/wiki/Geko%C3%B6rdineerde_Universele_Tyd" title="Gekoördineerde Universele Tyd">UTC</a><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B10:00" title="UTC+10:00">+10</a>, <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B11:00" title="UTC+11:00">+11</a>) nie toegepas nie (<a href="/wiki/Geko%C3%B6rdineerde_Universele_Tyd" title="Gekoördineerde Universele Tyd">UTC</a><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B10:00" title="UTC+10:00">+10</a>, <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B11:00" title="UTC+11:00">+11</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_Internettopvlakdomeine" title="Lys van Internettopvlakdomeine">Internet-TLD</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/.pg" title=".pg">.pg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_landskakelkodes" title="Lys van landskakelkodes">Skakelkode</a> </td> <td>+675 </td></tr></tbody></table> Papoea-Nieu-Guinee (PNG; <a href="/wiki/Engels" title="Engels">Engels</a>: Papua New Guinea; <a href="/wiki/Tok_Pisin" title="Tok Pisin">Tok Pisin</a>: Papua Niugini; <a href="/wiki/Hiri_Motu" title="Hiri Motu">Hiri Motu</a>: Papua Niu Gini), amptelik die Onafhanklike Staat Papoea-Nieu-Guinee (Engels: Independent State of Papua New Guinea, Tok Pisin: Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini, Hiri Motu: Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is ’n <a href="/wiki/Eilandstaat" title="Eilandstaat">eilandstaat</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oseani%C3%AB" title="Oseanië">Oseanië</a> net suid van die <a href="/wiki/Ewenaar" title="Ewenaar">ewenaar</a> met ’n oppervlakte van 462 840 km² en ’n bevolking van 9 819 350 in 2023. Papoea-Nieu-Guinee is oos van <a href="/wiki/Indonesi%C3%AB" title="Indonesië">Indonesië</a>, suidoos van <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a>, suid van die <a href="/wiki/Gefedereerde_State_van_Mikronesi%C3%AB" title="Gefedereerde State van Mikronesië">Gefedereerde State van Mikronesië</a>, wes van <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Salomonseilande" title="Salomonseilande">Salomonseilande</a> en noord van <a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB" title="Australië">Australië</a> geleë. Die <a href="/wiki/Hoofstad" title="Hoofstad">hoofstad</a> en grootste stad is <a href="/wiki/Port_Moresby" title="Port Moresby">Port Moresby</a> wat in die suide van die land langs die <a href="/wiki/Koraalsee" title="Koraalsee">Koraalsee</a> geleë is en die Nasionale Hoofstaddistrik (Engels: National Capital District, NCD) vorm. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Papua_New_Guinea_BMNG.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Papua_New_Guinea_BMNG.png/220px-Papua_New_Guinea_BMNG.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Papua_New_Guinea_BMNG.png/330px-Papua_New_Guinea_BMNG.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Papua_New_Guinea_BMNG.png/440px-Papua_New_Guinea_BMNG.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1823" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nasa" title="Nasa">Nasa</a>-Satellietbeeld van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Papua_New_Guinea_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Papua_New_Guinea_map.png/220px-Papua_New_Guinea_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Papua_New_Guinea_map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="346" /></a><figcaption>Kaart van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Papua_Neuguinea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Papua_Neuguinea.jpg/220px-Papua_Neuguinea.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Papua_Neuguinea.jpg/330px-Papua_Neuguinea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Papua_Neuguinea.jpg/440px-Papua_Neuguinea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1698" data-file-height="1260" /></a><figcaption>Kaart van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee</figcaption></figure> Papoea-Nieu-Guinee is naas <a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a> en Indonesië die derde grootste eilandstaat in die wêreld. Dit bestaan uit die oostelike deel van die eiland <a href="/wiki/Nieu-Guinee" title="Nieu-Guinee">Nieu-Guinee</a>, wat die grootste deel vorm, die <a href="/wiki/Bismarckargipel" title="Bismarckargipel">Bismarckargipel</a> met groot eilande soos <a href="/wiki/Nieu-Brittanje" title="Nieu-Brittanje">Nieu-Brittanje</a> en <a href="/wiki/Nieu-Ierland" title="Nieu-Ierland">Nieu-Ierland</a> asook die outonome gebied rondom die eiland <a href="/wiki/Bougainville" title="Bougainville">Bougainville</a>, wat geografies, maar nie polities nie tot die <a href="/wiki/Salomonseilande" title="Salomonseilande">Salomonseilande</a> behoort. Naas al die eilande word die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese geografie veral deur die <a href="/wiki/Bismarcksee" title="Bismarcksee">Bismarcksee</a> in die noorde en die <a href="/wiki/Salomonssee" title="Salomonssee">Salomonssee</a> in die suidooste gekenmerk. Van die eilandstaat se langste <a href="/wiki/Rivier" title="Rivier">riviere</a> is die <a href="/wiki/Fly" title="Fly">Fly</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Sepik" title="Sepik">Sepik</a>. Albei riviere ontspring in die sentrale Viktor Emmanuel-bergreeks in die Westelike provinsie; terwyl die Fly in die suidelike Koraalsee uitmond, vloei die Sepik in die noordelike Bismarcksee. Papoea-Nieu-Guinee is ’n <a href="/wiki/Grondwetlike_monargie" title="Grondwetlike monargie">grondwetlike monargie</a> binne die <a href="/wiki/Britse_Statebond" title="Britse Statebond">Britse Statebond</a> met <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_van_die_Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Charles III van die Verenigde Koninkryk">Charles III</a> as <a href="/wiki/Staatshoof" title="Staatshoof">staatshoof</a>. Die land het op 16 September 1975 van <a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB" title="Australië">Australië</a> onafhanklik geword, nadat Papoea-Nieu-Guinee deur sy suidelike buurland vir sowat 60 jaar regeer is. Tot die <a href="/wiki/Eerste_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Eerste Wêreldoorlog">Eerste Wêreldoorlog</a> is die eiland Nieu-Guinee deur drie koloniale magte beheers: Die <a href="/wiki/Duitse_Keiserryk" title="Duitse Keiserryk">Duitse Keiserryk</a> in die noorde, die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk_van_Groot-Brittanje_en_Ierland" title="Verenigde Koninkryk van Groot-Brittanje en Ierland">Verenigde Koninkryk</a> in die suide en <a href="/wiki/Nederlands-Indi%C3%AB" title="Nederlands-Indië">Nederlands-Indië</a> in die weste. Op 1 Julie 1949 is die Australiese gebiede van Papoea en Nieu-Guinee as die Gebied Papoea en Nieu-Guinee saamgesluit. Dit is sedert 1976 ’n waarnemerland van <a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a> en het in 2015 sy aansoek ingedien vir volle lidmaatskap.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Papoea-Nieu-Guinee is een van die kultureel mees diverse lande in die wêreld. Hier word sowat 851 verskillende <a href="/wiki/Taal" title="Taal">tale</a> gepraat,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> waaronder die Engelse <a href="/wiki/Kreools" title="Kreools">kreooltaal</a> <a href="/wiki/Tok_Pisin" title="Tok Pisin">Tok Pisin</a>, die <a href="/wiki/Austronesiese_tale" title="Austronesiese tale">Austronesiese taal</a> Hiri Motu en verskeie <a href="/wiki/Papoeas" title="Papoeas">Papoeastale</a> wat nie ’n <a href="/wiki/Taalfamilie" title="Taalfamilie">taalfamilie</a> in sy eie reg vorm nie, maar ook nie tot een van die ander taalfamilies behoort nie. Die <a href="/wiki/Trans-Nieu-Guinese_tale" title="Trans-Nieu-Guinese tale">Trans-Nieu-Guinese tale</a> is die grootste taalfamilie binne die Papoeastale. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologie">Etimologie</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Etimologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologie">wysig bron</a>]</div> Die woord papua is afgelei van ’n ou plaaslike term met ’n onbekende herkoms.<a href="#cite_note-tides-11">[11]</a> “Nieu-Guinee” (Nueva Guinea) was die benaming wat deur die <a href="/wiki/Spaanse_Ryk" title="Spaanse Ryk">Spaanse</a> ontdekkingsreisiger Yñigo Ortiz de Retez gegee is. In 1545 het hy na die ooreenkoms van die mense met dié wat hy voorheen langs die Guinese kus van <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> gesien het verwys. Guinee, op sy beurt, is etimologies ontleen aan die <a href="/wiki/Portugees" title="Portugees">Portugese</a> woord Guiné. Die naam is een van verskeie <a href="/wiki/Toponiem" class="mw-redirect" title="Toponiem">toponieme</a> met ’n gemeensame etimologie, met die oorspronklike betekenis “land van die swartes” of ’n soortgelyke, en verwys na die donker velkleur van sy bevolking. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Geskiedenis">wysig bron</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voorgeskiedenis">Voorgeskiedenis</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Voorgeskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Voorgeskiedenis">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Picturesque_New_Guinea_Plate_XXXIII_-_Kerepunu_Women_at_the_Market_Place_of_Kalo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Picturesque_New_Guinea_Plate_XXXIII_-_Kerepunu_Women_at_the_Market_Place_of_Kalo.jpg/220px-Picturesque_New_Guinea_Plate_XXXIII_-_Kerepunu_Women_at_the_Market_Place_of_Kalo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Picturesque_New_Guinea_Plate_XXXIII_-_Kerepunu_Women_at_the_Market_Place_of_Kalo.jpg/330px-Picturesque_New_Guinea_Plate_XXXIII_-_Kerepunu_Women_at_the_Market_Place_of_Kalo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Picturesque_New_Guinea_Plate_XXXIII_-_Kerepunu_Women_at_the_Market_Place_of_Kalo.jpg/440px-Picturesque_New_Guinea_Plate_XXXIII_-_Kerepunu_Women_at_the_Market_Place_of_Kalo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2804" data-file-height="2116" /></a><figcaption>Kerepunu-vroue op die markplein van Kalo, Brits-Nieu-Guinee, 1885</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Female_gable_image,_Sawos_people,_Papua_New_Guinea,_Bishop_Museum,_1989.400.358.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Female_gable_image%2C_Sawos_people%2C_Papua_New_Guinea%2C_Bishop_Museum%2C_1989.400.358.JPG/220px-Female_gable_image%2C_Sawos_people%2C_Papua_New_Guinea%2C_Bishop_Museum%2C_1989.400.358.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Female_gable_image%2C_Sawos_people%2C_Papua_New_Guinea%2C_Bishop_Museum%2C_1989.400.358.JPG/330px-Female_gable_image%2C_Sawos_people%2C_Papua_New_Guinea%2C_Bishop_Museum%2C_1989.400.358.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Female_gable_image%2C_Sawos_people%2C_Papua_New_Guinea%2C_Bishop_Museum%2C_1989.400.358.JPG/440px-Female_gable_image%2C_Sawos_people%2C_Papua_New_Guinea%2C_Bishop_Museum%2C_1989.400.358.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3175" data-file-height="2640" /></a><figcaption>Vroulike gewelbeeld, ’n voorbeeld van Oseaniese kuns in die Bishop-museum</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Reading_the_proclamation_of_annexation,_Mr_Lawe%27s_house,_Port_Moresby,_New_Guinea,_November_1884_-_photographer_John_Paine_or_Augustine_E._Dyer_(5708761723).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Reading_the_proclamation_of_annexation%2C_Mr_Lawe%27s_house%2C_Port_Moresby%2C_New_Guinea%2C_November_1884_-_photographer_John_Paine_or_Augustine_E._Dyer_%285708761723%29.jpg/220px-Reading_the_proclamation_of_annexation%2C_Mr_Lawe%27s_house%2C_Port_Moresby%2C_New_Guinea%2C_November_1884_-_photographer_John_Paine_or_Augustine_E._Dyer_%285708761723%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Reading_the_proclamation_of_annexation%2C_Mr_Lawe%27s_house%2C_Port_Moresby%2C_New_Guinea%2C_November_1884_-_photographer_John_Paine_or_Augustine_E._Dyer_%285708761723%29.jpg/330px-Reading_the_proclamation_of_annexation%2C_Mr_Lawe%27s_house%2C_Port_Moresby%2C_New_Guinea%2C_November_1884_-_photographer_John_Paine_or_Augustine_E._Dyer_%285708761723%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Reading_the_proclamation_of_annexation%2C_Mr_Lawe%27s_house%2C_Port_Moresby%2C_New_Guinea%2C_November_1884_-_photographer_John_Paine_or_Augustine_E._Dyer_%285708761723%29.jpg/440px-Reading_the_proclamation_of_annexation%2C_Mr_Lawe%27s_house%2C_Port_Moresby%2C_New_Guinea%2C_November_1884_-_photographer_John_Paine_or_Augustine_E._Dyer_%285708761723%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2044" data-file-height="1710" /></a><figcaption>Britse anneksasie van Suidoos-Nieu-Guinee in 1884</figcaption></figure> Volgens argeologiese opgrawings het die eerste mense hulle sowat 42 000 of 45 000 jaar gelede in Papoea-Nieu-Guinee gevestig. Hulle was nasate van migrante uit <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> en hulle het hulle in een van die eerste migrasiebewegings in die geskiedenis van die <a href="/wiki/Mens" title="Mens">mensdom</a> kom vestig.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Die <a href="/wiki/Landbou" title="Landbou">landbou</a> is apart van ander streke rondom 7000 v.C. in die Nieu-Guinese hooglande ontwikkel, wat van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee een van min streke wêreldwyd maak, waar mense op hul eie <a href="/wiki/Plante" class="mw-redirect" title="Plante">plante</a> gekweek het.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Rondom 500 v.C. het <a href="/wiki/Austronesiese_tale" title="Austronesiese tale">Austronesiese volke</a> tydens ’n grootskaalse migrasie hulle langs kusgebiede van Nieu-Guinee gevestig. Dit het met die invoering van <a href="/wiki/Pottebakkery" title="Pottebakkery">pottebakkery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vark" title="Vark">varke</a> en sekere hengeltegnieke gepaard gegaan. Gedurende die 18de eeu het handelaars <a href="/wiki/Patats" title="Patats">Patats</a> na Nieu-Guinee gebring, waar dit aangeneem is en deel van die krammetjies geword het. <a href="/wiki/Portugese" title="Portugese">Portugese</a> handelaars het dit van <a href="/wiki/Suid-Amerika" title="Suid-Amerika">Suid-Amerika</a> saamgeneem en op die <a href="/wiki/Molukke" title="Molukke">Molukke</a>-eilande ingevoer.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Die veel hoër oesopbrengste uit patattuine het die tradisionele landbou en samelewing radikaal verander. Patats het die vorige stapelvoedsel, <a href="/wiki/Taro" title="Taro">taro</a>, grootliks vervang, en tot ’n groot bevolkingsgroei in die hooglande gelei. Alhoewel teen die laat 20ste eeu <a href="/wiki/Koppesnellery" title="Koppesnellery">koppesnellery</a> en <a href="/wiki/Kannibalisme" title="Kannibalisme">kannibalisme</a> prakties uitgeroei is, is hulle in die verlede in baie dele van die land as deel van rituele wat met oorlogvoering verband gehou het en waarin vyandelike geeste of magte ingeneem is, beoefen.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> In 1901 het die sendeling Harry Dauncey sowat 10 000 skedels in die langhuise op Goaribari-eiland in die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf_van_Papoea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golf van Papoea (bladsy bestaan nie)">Golf van Papoea</a> ontdek, ’n voorbeeld van verlede praktyke.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Marianna Torgovnick het in 1991 die volgende geskryf: “Die mees gedokumenteerde gevalle van kannibalisme as ’n sosiale instelling kom uit Nieu-Guinee, waar kopjag en rituele kannibalisme in sekere afgesonderde gebiede oorleef het tot in die vyftiger-, sestiger- en sewentigerjare, en steeds spore binne sekere sosiale groepe oorlaat.”<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europese_inmenging">Europese inmenging</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Europese inmenging" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Europese inmenging">wysig bron</a>]</div> Tot in die 19de eeu was in Europa min bekend oor die eilande, alhoewel Portugese en Spaanse ontdekkingsreisigers soos Jorge de Menezes en Yñigo Ortiz de Retez van die eilande reeds in die 16de eeu verken het. Handelaars van Suidoos-Asië het Nieu-Guinee 5000 jaar gelede begin besoek om <a href="/wiki/Paradysvo%C3%ABl" title="Paradysvoël">Paradysvoëlvere</a> te versamel.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kolonialisme">Kolonialisme</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Kolonialisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Kolonialisme">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:New_Guinea_(1884-1919).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/New_Guinea_%281884-1919%29.png/220px-New_Guinea_%281884-1919%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/New_Guinea_%281884-1919%29.png/330px-New_Guinea_%281884-1919%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/New_Guinea_%281884-1919%29.png/440px-New_Guinea_%281884-1919%29.png 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="319" /></a><figcaption>Nieu-Guinee tussen 1884 en 1919. Die <a href="/wiki/Duitse_Keiserryk" title="Duitse Keiserryk">Duitse Keiserryk</a> en <a href="/wiki/Britse_Ryk" title="Britse Ryk">Groot-Brittanje</a> beheer die oostelike helfte van Nieu-Guinee</figcaption></figure> Die land se dubbelnaam het sy oorsprong in die komplekse administratiewe geskiedenis voor sy onafhanklikheid. Die Nederlanders het die westelike deel van die eiland in 1828 verower, terwyl die oostelike deel nog nie deur koloniale magte verower is nie. Die <a href="/wiki/Duitse_Keiserryk" title="Duitse Keiserryk">Duitse Keiserryk</a> en die Verenigde Koninkryk het egter ’n wedloop om die vrye deel van die eiland begin. Nadat Duitse kapteins en die ornitoloog Otto Finsch langs die noordkus vlae gehys het, het albei lande in 1885 ooreengekom om die oostelike helfte van die eiland weereens in twee te deel. Die noordelike deel is Keiser-Wilhelm-Land genoem en as ’n “beskermde gebied” deur ’n groot Duitse koloniale geselskap, die Nieu-Guinee-Kompanjie, beheer. In 1914 het, ná die uitbreek van die <a href="/wiki/Eerste_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Eerste Wêreldoorlog">Eerste Wêreldoorlog</a>, Australiese troepe Duits-Nieu-Guinee tydens ’n klein militêre veldtog verower en regdeur die oorlog beset. Ná die oorlog, waarin Duitsland en die ander <a href="/wiki/Sentrale_Moondhede" title="Sentrale Moondhede">Sentrale Moondhede</a> verslaan is, het die <a href="/wiki/Volkebond" title="Volkebond">Volkebond</a> Australië gemagtig om dié gebied, wat nou as Gebied Nieu-Guinee bekend gestaan het, as ’n Volkebondmandaat te administreer. Die suidelike helfte van die land is vanaf 1884 deur die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk_van_Groot-Brittanje_en_Ierland" title="Verenigde Koninkryk van Groot-Brittanje en Ierland">Verenigde Koninkryk</a> as Brits-Nieu-Guinee gekoloniseer. Met die Papoea-Wet van 1905 oorhandig die Verenigde Koninkryk dié gebied aan die nuut gestigte Gemenebes Australië, wat die administrasie oorgeneem het. In 1905 is Brits-Nieu-Guinee na Gebied Papoea hernoem. In teenstelling met die vestiging van ’n Australiese mandaat in die voormalige Duits-Nieu-Guinee het die Volkebond bepaal dat Papoea ’n eksterne gebied van die Australiese Gemenebes sou wees; dit het as ’t ware ’n Britse besitting gebly. Die verskil in hul regstatus het meegebring dat Papoea en Nieu-Guinee tot in 1949 heeltemal aparte administrasies gehad het, en albei is deur Australië beheer. Hierdie voorwaardes het bygedra tot die kompleksiteit van die organisering van die land se regstelsel ná sy onafhanklikheid. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tweede_Wêreldoorlog">Tweede Wêreldoorlog</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Tweede Wêreldoorlog" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Tweede Wêreldoorlog">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Australian_infantry_and_armour_at_Buna_(AWM_014008).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Australian_infantry_and_armour_at_Buna_%28AWM_014008%29.jpg/220px-Australian_infantry_and_armour_at_Buna_%28AWM_014008%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Australian_infantry_and_armour_at_Buna_%28AWM_014008%29.jpg/330px-Australian_infantry_and_armour_at_Buna_%28AWM_014008%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Australian_infantry_and_armour_at_Buna_%28AWM_014008%29.jpg/440px-Australian_infantry_and_armour_at_Buna_%28AWM_014008%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1176" data-file-height="904" /></a><figcaption>Australiese troepe val Japannese posisies aan gedurende die Slag van Buna-Gona, 7 Januarie 1943</figcaption></figure> In Desember 1941 het Japannese troepe die noorde van die eiland verower en beheer oorgeneem. Gedurende die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Tweede Wêreldoorlog">Tweede Wêreldoorlog</a> was die Nieu-Guinese veldtog (1942–1945) een van die belangrike militêre veldtogte tussen die <a href="/wiki/Japannese_Keiserryk" title="Japannese Keiserryk">Japannese Keiserryk</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Geallieerdes_van_die_Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Geallieerdes van die Tweede Wêreldoorlog">Geallieerdes</a>. Die hoofstad Port Moresby het tydelik as hoofkwartier van die Amerikaanse generaal <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a> gedien. Omtrent 216 000 Japanese, Australiese en Amerikaanse soldate het gesneuwel.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Langs die kus kan nog baie skeepswrakke uit hierdie tydperk aangetref word. Ná die Tweede Wêreldoorlog en die oorwinning van die Geallieerdes is die twee gebiede tot die Gebied Papoea en Nieu-Guinee saamgevat. Ná dié gebied is later as “Papoea-Nieu-Guinee” verwys. Die westelike deel van die eiland was tot in 1962 onder Nederlandse beheer (<a href="/wiki/Nederlands-Indi%C3%AB" title="Nederlands-Indië">Nederlands-Indië</a>) en is toe deur Indonesië geannekseer (provinsies Papoea en Papoea Barat). Die inheemse bevolking van Papoea het by die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Nasies" title="Verenigde Nasies">Verenigde Nasies</a> vir toesig en onafhanklikheid gepleit. Op 16 September 1975 het die land sy onafhanklikheid van Australië verkry en ’n Britse realm met <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II_van_die_Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Elizabeth II van die Verenigde Koninkryk">Elizabeth II van die Verenigde Koninkryk</a> as sy staatshoof geword. Papoea-Nieu-Guinee handhaaf ’n noue verbintenis met Australië, wat as dié land se grootse hulpskenker optree. Papoea-Nieu-Guinee het op 10 Oktober 1975 ’n lidland van die Verenigde Nasies geword.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bougainville">Bougainville</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Bougainville" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Bougainville">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Biami_people,_near_Nomad_patrol_post,_1964.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Biami_people%2C_near_Nomad_patrol_post%2C_1964.jpg/220px-Biami_people%2C_near_Nomad_patrol_post%2C_1964.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Biami_people%2C_near_Nomad_patrol_post%2C_1964.jpg/330px-Biami_people%2C_near_Nomad_patrol_post%2C_1964.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Biami_people%2C_near_Nomad_patrol_post%2C_1964.jpg/440px-Biami_people%2C_near_Nomad_patrol_post%2C_1964.jpg 2x" data-file-width="782" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption>’n Australiese patrolliebeampte in 1964</figcaption></figure> ’n Sessionistiese opstand op <a href="/wiki/Bougainville" title="Bougainville">Bougainville</a> in 1975–76 het tot ’n elfuur-wysiging aan die konsepgrondwet van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee gelei, waarvolgens Bougainville en die ander agtien distrikte ’n kwasi-federale status as provinsies verkry het. In 1988 het op Bougainville ’n nuwe opstand uitgebreek wat tot sy beëindiging in 1997 sowat 20 000 lewens geëis het. Bougainville was die primêre mynstreek van die land en het sowat 40% van die nasionale begroting bygedra. Die inheemse volke het gevoel dat hulle die nadelige gevolge van die <a href="/wiki/Mynbou" title="Mynbou">mynbou</a>, wat die land, water en lug vergiftig het, dra sonder om ’n billike deel van die winste te verkry.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Die regering en rebelle het ’n vredesooreenkoms uitgevaardig, waarvolgens die Outonome Distrik en Provinsie Bougainville gestig is. Die outonome Bougainville het in 2005 Joseph Kabui as president verkies wat tot en met sy dood in 2008 gedien het. Hy is deur sy adjunk John Tabinaman as waarnemende president opgevolg, terwyl ’n verkiesing vir die onverstroke termyn gereël is. James Tanis het dié verkiesing in Desember 2008 gewen en tot die inhuldiging van John Momis, die wenner van die 2010-verkiesings, gedien. As deel van die huidige vredesooreenkoms is tussen 23 November en 7 Desember 2019 ’n niebindende onafhanklikheidsreferendum gehou. Die vraag van die referendum was oor groter outonomie binne-in Papoea-Nieu-Guinee of volle onafhanklikheid vir Bougainville, en die meerderheid aan stemgeregtigdes (98,31%) het vir Bougainville se volle onafhanklikheid gestem.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chinese_minderheid">Chinese minderheid</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Chinese minderheid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Chinese minderheid">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Chinese_Soldier_Cemetery1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Chinese_Soldier_Cemetery1.jpg/220px-Chinese_Soldier_Cemetery1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Chinese_Soldier_Cemetery1.jpg/330px-Chinese_Soldier_Cemetery1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Chinese_Soldier_Cemetery1.jpg/440px-Chinese_Soldier_Cemetery1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a><figcaption>Begraafplaas vir Chinese soldate wat tydens die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Tweede Wêreldoorlog">Tweede Wêreldoorlog</a> in Papoea-Nieu-Guinee gesneuwel het</figcaption></figure> Verskeie Chinese werk en bly in Papoea-Nieu-Guinee en hulle het Chinese gemeenskappe in dié land gevestig. Chinese handelaars het hulle reeds voor die Europese verkenning op die eiland gevestig. In Mei 2009 het Anti-Chinese onluste, waaraan derduisende mense deelgeneem het, uitgebreek. Die aanvanklike vonk was ’n geveg tussen <a href="/wiki/Han-Chinese" title="Han-Chinese">Han-Chinese</a> en inheemse werknemers by ’n <a href="/wiki/Nikkel" title="Nikkel">nikkelfabriek</a> wat deur ’n Chinese maatskappy gebou is. Inheemse wraak teen die Chinese eienaarskap van talle klein ondernemings en hul kommersiële monopolie op die eilande het tot die oproer gelei. Die Chinese is al lank handelaars in Papoea-Nieu-Guinee.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aardbewings">Aardbewings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Aardbewings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Aardbewings">wysig bron</a>]</div> Vanaf Maart tot April 2018 het ’n reeks <a href="/wiki/Aardbewing" title="Aardbewing">aardbewings</a> Papoea-Nieu-Guinee geteister en groot skade veroorsaak. Verskeie nasies van Oseanië, Australië, <a href="/wiki/Filippyne" title="Filippyne">Filippyne</a> en <a href="/wiki/Oos-Timor" title="Oos-Timor">Oos-Timor</a> het dadelik hulp na die land ontplooi.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografie">Geografie</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Geografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Geografie">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Newguinea_topo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Newguinea_topo.png/220px-Newguinea_topo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Newguinea_topo.png/330px-Newguinea_topo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Newguinea_topo.png/440px-Newguinea_topo.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1409" /></a><figcaption>Topografiese kaart van Nieu-Guinee</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:PapuaNewGuineaOMC.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/PapuaNewGuineaOMC.PNG/220px-PapuaNewGuineaOMC.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/PapuaNewGuineaOMC.PNG/330px-PapuaNewGuineaOMC.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/PapuaNewGuineaOMC.PNG/440px-PapuaNewGuineaOMC.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1358" data-file-height="922" /></a><figcaption>Kaart van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee</figcaption></figure> Met ’n oppervlakte van 462 840 km² is Papoea-Nieu-Guinee die wêreld se 54ste grootste land en derde grootste eilandstaat.<a href="#cite_note-world-atlas-28">[28]</a> Insluitende al sy eilande lê dit tussen die <a href="/wiki/Breedtegraad" title="Breedtegraad">breedtegrade</a> <a href="/wiki/Ewenaar" title="Ewenaar">0°</a> en 12°S, asook die <a href="/wiki/Lengtegraad" title="Lengtegraad">lengtegrade</a> 140° en 160°O. Dit beslaan ook ’n eksklusiewe ekonomiese sone van 2 402 288 km². Sowat 80% van die oppervlakte word deur die oostelike helfte van die bergagtige eiland Nieu-Guinee beslaan. Daarnaas is daar baie eilande en eilandgroepe. Papoea-Nieu-Guinee behoort aan die Pasifiese gebied <a href="/wiki/Melanesi%C3%AB" title="Melanesië">Melanesië</a> wat van Nieu-Guinee in die weste tot <a href="/wiki/Fidji" title="Fidji">Fidji</a> in die ooste strek. In geografiese opsig is Nieu-Guinee langs ’n diep oseaniese bekken op ’n sterk vervormde en vandag vulkanies aktiewe gedeelte van die aardkors geleë. Vanaf die <a href="/wiki/Mioseen" title="Mioseen">Mioseen</a> tot die <a href="/wiki/Pleistoseen" title="Pleistoseen">Pleistoseen</a> is die aardoppervlakte hier sterk gevou en het van die baaie, bergreekse en eilandkettings gevorm. Dit is noord van die <a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB_(kontinent)" title="Australië (kontinent)">Australiese vasteland</a> geleë en die land se geografie is divers en soms uiters ruig. ’n Bergrug, die Nieu-Guinese Hooglande, loop dwarsdeur die eiland Nieu-Guinee, en vorm ’n lewendige hooglandstreek wat grootliks met tropiese <a href="/wiki/Re%C3%ABnwoud" title="Reënwoud">reënwoud</a> bedek is en die langgestrekte Papoease Skiereiland, bekend as “Voëlstert”, insluit. Digte reënwoude bedek die laagland en kusgebiede, en baie groot vleilande omring beide die <a href="/wiki/Sepik" title="Sepik">Sepik</a> en <a href="/wiki/Fly" title="Fly">Fly</a>-riviere. Hierdie oppervlak maak dit vir die land moeilik om ’n <a href="/wiki/Infrastruktuur" title="Infrastruktuur">infrastruktuur</a> vir vervoer op te rig. Van die gebiede kan net by voet of met ’n vliegtuig bereik word. Die hoogste bergspits is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berg_Wilhelm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berg Wilhelm (bladsy bestaan nie)">Berg Wilhelm</a> met ’n hoogte van 4 509 m. Die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese eilande word omring deur <a href="/wiki/Koraalrif" title="Koraalrif">koraalriwwe</a> wat, ten einde van bewaring, streng beskerm word. Die land is geleë op die Pasifiese <a href="/wiki/Ring_van_Vuur" title="Ring van Vuur">Ring van Vuur</a>, waar verskeie tektoniese platte met mekaar bots. Daar is ’n aantal aktiewe <a href="/wiki/Vulkaan" title="Vulkaan">vulkane</a> en uitbarstings gebeur reëlmatig. <a href="/wiki/Aardbewing" title="Aardbewing">Aardbewings</a> is ook algemeen en tree soms saam met <a href="/wiki/Tsoenami" title="Tsoenami">tsoenamis</a> op. Die vasteland van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee is op die oostelike helfte van die eiland Nieu-Guinee, waar ook die grootste stede soos die hoofstad <a href="/wiki/Port_Moresby" title="Port Moresby">Port Moresby</a> en <a href="/wiki/Lae" title="Lae">Lae</a> lê; van die ander belangrike eilande is <a href="/wiki/Nieu-Brittanje" title="Nieu-Brittanje">Nieu-Brittanje</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nieu-Ierland" title="Nieu-Ierland">Nieu-Ierland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bougainville" title="Bougainville">Bougainville</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Bismarckargipel" title="Bismarckargipel">Bismarckargipel</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klimaat">Klimaat</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Klimaat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Klimaat">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Papua_New_Guinea_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Papua_New_Guinea_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg/220px-Papua_New_Guinea_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Papua_New_Guinea_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg/330px-Papua_New_Guinea_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Papua_New_Guinea_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg/440px-Papua_New_Guinea_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1445" /></a><figcaption>Klimaatsones in Papoea-Nieu-Guinee volgens die <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen-klimaatklassifikasie" title="Köppen-klimaatklassifikasie">Köppen-klimaatklassifikasie</a></figcaption></figure> Binne-in die Hoogland is snags ryp moontlik, terwyl dit langs die kus gedurende die hele jaar snags en bedags sowat 30°C warm is. Terwyl dit in die naburige Noord-Australië meestal droër en warmer is, is dit langs die Nieu-Guinese kus meestal tropies warm en vogtig. Langs sommige kusstreke is die humiditeit besonder hoog. Die winde en moesons, gelei deur die berge, versorg die hele land gereeld met tropiese reënbuie. Papoea-Nieu-Guinee is een van min gebiede langs die ewenaar waar <a href="/wiki/Sneeu" title="Sneeu">sneeu</a> voorkom, veral in die hoogliggende gebiede van die hoofeiland. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grense">Grense</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: Grense" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Grense">wysig bron</a>]</div> Die grens tussen Papoea-Nieu-Guinee en Indonesië is voor sy onafhanklikheid in verdrae met Australië in 1974 bepaal.<a href="#cite_note-bordertreaty1974-29">[29]</a> Die landgrens loop langs ’n deel van die lengtegraad 141°O vanaf die noordkus tot by die Fly-rivier, waar dit in ’n oostelike rigting vloei, dan ’n klein kurwe langs dié rivier se thalweg tot waar dit die lengtegraad 141°01'10"O ontmoet en weswaarts vloei, vanaf daar in ’n suidelike rigting tot by die suidkus.<a href="#cite_note-bordertreaty1974-29">[29]</a> Volgens die anneksasieproklamasie in 1828 het die lengtegraad 141°O die oostelike grens van Nederlands-Guinee gevorm.<a href="#cite_note-VanderVeur1966-30">[30]</a> In 1895 het Nederland en die Verenigde Koninkryk ooreengekom om die hele linkeroewer van die Flyrivier aan Brits-Nieu-Guinee te gee en die suidelike grens tot by die Torasi-monding te verskuif.<a href="#cite_note-VanderVeur1966-30">[30]</a> Die maritieme grens met Australië is deur ’n verdrag in 1978 bepaal.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Binne die <a href="/wiki/Torres-straat" class="mw-redirect" title="Torres-straat">Torres-straat</a> loop dit naby die kus van Nieu-Guinee, waarvolgens die aangrensende noordwestelike <a href="/wiki/Straat_van_Torres-eilande" title="Straat van Torres-eilande">Straat van Torres-eilande</a> (Dauan, Boigu en Saibai) onder Australiese beheer bly. Die maritieme grens met die <a href="/wiki/Salomonseilande" title="Salomonseilande">Salomonseilande</a> is in ’n 1989-verdrag bevestig. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ekologie">Ekologie</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Wysig afdeling: Ekologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Ekologie">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Turanguna_and_Kombiu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Turanguna_and_Kombiu.jpg/220px-Turanguna_and_Kombiu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Turanguna_and_Kombiu.jpg/330px-Turanguna_and_Kombiu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Turanguna_and_Kombiu.jpg/440px-Turanguna_and_Kombiu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Berg Tavurvur</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Papua_New_Guinea_(5986599443).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Papua_New_Guinea_%285986599443%29.jpg/220px-Papua_New_Guinea_%285986599443%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Papua_New_Guinea_%285986599443%29.jpg/330px-Papua_New_Guinea_%285986599443%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Papua_New_Guinea_%285986599443%29.jpg/440px-Papua_New_Guinea_%285986599443%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Papoea-Nieu-Guinese hooglande</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Baby_tree_kangaroo_on_the_chiefs_wifes_shoulder_-Papua_New_Guinea-17Oct2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Baby_tree_kangaroo_on_the_chiefs_wifes_shoulder_-Papua_New_Guinea-17Oct2008.jpg/220px-Baby_tree_kangaroo_on_the_chiefs_wifes_shoulder_-Papua_New_Guinea-17Oct2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Baby_tree_kangaroo_on_the_chiefs_wifes_shoulder_-Papua_New_Guinea-17Oct2008.jpg/330px-Baby_tree_kangaroo_on_the_chiefs_wifes_shoulder_-Papua_New_Guinea-17Oct2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Baby_tree_kangaroo_on_the_chiefs_wifes_shoulder_-Papua_New_Guinea-17Oct2008.jpg/440px-Baby_tree_kangaroo_on_the_chiefs_wifes_shoulder_-Papua_New_Guinea-17Oct2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>’n Boomkangaroe in Papoea-Nieu-Guinee</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:PNG-climate.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/PNG-climate.png/220px-PNG-climate.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/PNG-climate.png/330px-PNG-climate.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/PNG-climate.png/440px-PNG-climate.png 2x" data-file-width="662" data-file-height="617" /></a><figcaption>Die groen tropiese reënwoud van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee toon ’n skerp kontras met die dorre Australië</figcaption></figure> Papoea-Nieu-Guinee behoort aan die Austral-Asiatiese gebied, wat ook Australië, <a href="/wiki/Nieu-Seeland" title="Nieu-Seeland">Nieu-Seeland</a>, Oos-Indonesië, en ’n aantal Pasifiese eilandgroepe soos die Salomonseilande en <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a> insluit. In geologiese opsig is Nieu-Guinee ’n noordelike verlenging van die Indo-Australiese tektoniese plaat en behoort aan ’n enkele landmassa, Australië-Nieu-Guinee (ook bekend as Sahoel of Meganesië). Dit word met die Australiese deel deur ’n vlak vastelandsplaat regdeur die Torres-straat verbind, wat voorheen, veral tydens <a href="/wiki/Ystydperk" title="Ystydperk">ystydperke</a> ’n landbrug gevorm het, toe die seevlak laer was as hedendaags. Vervolgens het baie Nieu-Guinese <a href="/wiki/Spesie" title="Spesie">spesies</a> van <a href="/wiki/Vo%C3%ABl" title="Voël">voëls</a> en <a href="/wiki/Soogdier" title="Soogdier">soogdiere</a> noue genetiese skakels met hul Australiese eweknieë. ’n Opvallende kenmerk wat die twee landmassas in gemeen het, is die bestaan van verskeie soorte <a href="/wiki/Buideldier" title="Buideldier">buideldiere</a>, waaronder ’n aantal <a href="/wiki/Kangaroe" title="Kangaroe">kangaroes</a> en pikke wat nie elders aangetref word nie. Papoea-Nieu-Guinee is ’n megadiverse land. Baie van die ander Papoea-Nieu-Guinese eilande, insluitende Nieu-Brittanje, Nieu-Ierland, Bougainville, die <a href="/wiki/Admiraliteitseilande" title="Admiraliteitseilande">Admiraliteitseilande</a>, die Trobriand-eilande en die Louisiade-argipel, was nooit deur ’n landbrug met Nieu-Guinee verbind nie. Vervolgens beskik hulle oor hul eie <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">flora</a> en <a href="/wiki/Dier" title="Dier">fauna</a>; byvoorbeeld leef baie van die landsoogdiere en landgebonde voëls wat in Nieu-Guinee en Australië voorkom nie op hierdie eilande nie. Australië en Nieu-Guinee is oorblyfsels van die superkontinent <a href="/wiki/Gondwana" title="Gondwana">Gondwana</a>, wat tydens die <a href="/wiki/Kryt_(geologie)" title="Kryt (geologie)">Kryt</a>, 65–130 miljoen jaar gelede, in kleiner kontinente begin opbreek het. Australië het sowat 45 miljoen jaar gelede van <a href="/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika">Antarktika</a> weggebreek. Al die Austral-Asiatiese gebiede huisves die Antarktiese flora, nasate van die Flora van Suid-Gondwana, insluitende <a href="/wiki/Naaldboom" title="Naaldboom">naaldbome</a> soos <a href="/wiki/Podocarpaceae" title="Podocarpaceae">Podocarpaceae</a> en Araucaria, en die suidelike breëblaarbeuk (Nothofagus). Hierdie plantfamilies is nog steeds in Papoea-Nieu-Guinee teenwoordig. Aangesien die Indo-Australiese Plaat (waarop die vastelande van <a href="/wiki/Indi%C3%AB" title="Indië">Indië</a> en Australië, asook die <a href="/wiki/Indiese_Oseaan" title="Indiese Oseaan">Indiese Oseaan</a> binne-in lê) in ’n noordelike rigting dryf, bots dit met die <a href="/wiki/Eurasiese_Plaat" title="Eurasiese Plaat">Eurasiese Plaat</a>. Hierdie botsing het die <a href="/wiki/Himalaja" title="Himalaja">Himalaja</a>, die Indonesiese eilande en die Nieu-Guinese bergreeks opgestoot. Die bergreeks is heelwat jonger en hoër as die Australiese bergreeks; dit is selfs só hoog, dat dit skaarse ekwatoriale <a href="/wiki/Gletser" title="Gletser">gletsers</a> bevat. Nieu-Guinee vorm deel van die vogtige trope en baie Indo-Maleise reënwoudplante het oor die noue seestrate van Asië versprei en met die ou Floraryk van Australië en Antarktika vermeng. Papoea-Nieu-Guinee sluit ’n aantal <a href="/wiki/Ekostreek" title="Ekostreek">ekostreke</a> in: <ul><li>Admiraliteitseilande se laagland reënwoude – beboste eilande ten noorde van die vasteland, met ’n inheemse flora.</li> <li>Bergreënwoude in die Sentrale Berggeeks</li> <li>Huon-skiereiland se bergreënwoude</li> <li>Louisiade-argipel se reënwoude</li> <li>Nieu-Brittanje-Nieu-Ierland se laagland reënwoude</li> <li>Nieu-Brittanje-Nieu-Ierland se bergreënwoude</li> <li>Nieu-Guinese <a href="/wiki/Wortelboommoeras" title="Wortelboommoeras">wortelboommoeras</a></li> <li>Noord-Nieu-Guinese laagland reën- en varswater moeraswoude</li> <li>Noord-Nieu-Guinese bergreënwoude</li> <li>Salomonseilande-reënwoude (insluitende Bougainville en Buka)</li> <li>Suidoos-Papoease reënwoude</li> <li>Suid-Nieu-Guinese varswater moeraswoude</li> <li>Suid-Nieu-Guinese laagland reënwoude</li> <li>Trobriand-eiland se reënwoude</li> <li>Trans-Fly savanne en grasvelde</li> <li>Sentrale Bergreeks sub-alpynse grasvelde</li></ul> Drie nuwe spesies soogdiere is in die woude van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee deur ’n Australies-aangevoerde ekspedisie ontdek. ’n Klein wallaby, ’n grootoormuis en ’n skeeragtige buideldier is ontdek. Dié ekspedisie was ook suksesvol aangesien foto’s en video’s van ander skaars diere soos die Tenkile-boomkangaroe en die Weimang-boomkangaroe geneem is.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Papoea-Nieu-Guinee beskik oor ’n gemiddelde telling van 8.84/10 in die Forest Landscape Integrity Index en is op die 17de plek van 172 lande wêreldwyd.<a href="#cite_note-FLII-Supplementary-33">[33]</a> Wortelboommoerasse groei langs die kus, in die binneland groei nipapalms (Nypa fruticans) en in die diepste binneland van die eiland kom die sagopalm (Metroxylon sagu) langs die valleie van groot riviere voor. Bome soos <a href="/wiki/Eike" class="mw-redirect" title="Eike">eike</a>, rooi seders (Toona sureni), <a href="/wiki/Denneboom" title="Denneboom">denne</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beuke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beuke (bladsy bestaan nie)">beuke</a> oorheers die boland bo 1 000 m. Papoea-Nieu-Guinee is ryk aan ’n verskeidenheid <a href="/wiki/Spesie" title="Spesie">spesies</a> <a href="/wiki/Reptiel" title="Reptiel">reptiele</a>, inheemse varswatervisse en voëls, maar dit is amper sonder groot <a href="/wiki/Soogdier" title="Soogdier">soogdiere</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Omgewingskwessies">Omgewingskwessies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Wysig afdeling: Omgewingskwessies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Omgewingskwessies">wysig bron</a>]</div> Volgens ’n nuwe satellietstudie van die streek sal met die huidige spoed van ontbossing volgens skattings teen 2021 meer as die helfte van die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese bosse verdwyn of ernstige skade ondergaan.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Omtrent ’n kwart van die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese reënwoude is tussen 1972 en 2002 beskadig of afgekap.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aardbewing_in_2018">Aardbewing in 2018</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Wysig afdeling: Aardbewing in 2018" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Aardbewing in 2018">wysig bron</a>]</div> Op 25 Februarie 2018 het ’n aardbewing van 7,5 en ’n diepte van 35 kilometer die sentrum van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee getref.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Die ergste skade was rondom die Suidelike Hooglandstreek. Op 1 Maart 2018 was daar 31 aangemelde sterftes, en die getal sou na verwagting styg.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politiek">Politiek</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Wysig afdeling: Politiek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Politiek">wysig bron</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regering">Regering</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Wysig afdeling: Regering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Regering">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Charles,_Prince_of_Wales_in_2021_(cropped)_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Charles%2C_Prince_of_Wales_in_2021_%28cropped%29_%283%29.jpg/170px-Charles%2C_Prince_of_Wales_in_2021_%28cropped%29_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Charles%2C_Prince_of_Wales_in_2021_%28cropped%29_%283%29.jpg/255px-Charles%2C_Prince_of_Wales_in_2021_%28cropped%29_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Charles%2C_Prince_of_Wales_in_2021_%28cropped%29_%283%29.jpg/340px-Charles%2C_Prince_of_Wales_in_2021_%28cropped%29_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="915" data-file-height="1159" /></a><figcaption>Koning <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_van_die_Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Charles III van die Verenigde Koninkryk">Charles III</a> is die staatshoof van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Sir_Bob_Dadae_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sir_Bob_Dadae_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Sir_Bob_Dadae_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sir_Bob_Dadae_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Sir_Bob_Dadae_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Sir_Bob_Dadae_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Sir_Bob_Dadae_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="892" data-file-height="1330" /></a><figcaption>Die goewerneur-generaal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Dadae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bob Dadae (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bob Dadae</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:James_Marape,_February_2020_(GPO035)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/James_Marape%2C_February_2020_%28GPO035%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-James_Marape%2C_February_2020_%28GPO035%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/James_Marape%2C_February_2020_%28GPO035%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-James_Marape%2C_February_2020_%28GPO035%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/James_Marape%2C_February_2020_%28GPO035%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="281" data-file-height="372" /></a><figcaption>Die eerste minister <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Marape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Marape (bladsy bestaan nie)">James Marape</a></figcaption></figure> Papoea-Nieu-Guinee is ’n Britse realm met <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II_van_die_Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Elizabeth II van die Verenigde Koninkryk">Elizabeth II</a> as koningin van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee. Beide die grondwetgewende vergadering, wat die konsepgrondwet voorberei het, en Australië, die uitgaande koloniale mag, het gedink dat Papoea-Nieu-Guinee nie ’n monargie sou bly nie. Die stigters het egter gemeen dat koninklike eerbewyse ’n goeie stempel vir die nuwe nasie sou wees.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Die monarg word deur die goewerneur-generaal van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee, tans Bob Dadae, verteenwoordig. Papoea-Nieu-Guinee (en die <a href="/wiki/Salomonseilande" title="Salomonseilande">Salomonseilande</a>) is onder die Britse realms ongewoon, aangesien in albei die goewerneur-generaal deur die wetgewer pleks van die uitvoerende tak verkies word. Die eerste minister sit die kabinet voor, wat uit 31 parlementslede van die sittende koalisie bestaan en die regering vorm. Die huidige eerste minister is James Marape. Die eenkamer-nasionale parlement bestaan uit 111 setels, waarvan 22 deur die goewerneurs van die 22 provinsies en die Nasionale Hoofstaddistrik (NCD) ingeneem word. Parlementskandidate word verkies wanneer die eerste minister die goewerneur-generaal vir ’n nasionale verkiesing vra, maar nie later as vyf jaar ná die vorige nasionale verkiesing nie. Gedurende die eerste jare na onafhanklikheid het die instabiliteit van die partystelsel in die parlement tot reëlmatige <a href="/wiki/Mosies_van_wantroue" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosies van wantroue">mosies van wantroue</a> en vervolgens nuwe regerings gelei, maar ná die verwysing aan die stemgeregtigdes gebeur nasionale verkiesings net al om die vyf jaar. In onlangse jare het opeenvolgende regerings wetgewing goedgekeur wat verkiesings ná minder as 18 maande en 12 maande voor die volgende verkiesing verhoed. In Desember 2012 is die eerste twee (van drie) lesings goedgekeur wat mosies van wantroue binne-in die eerste 30 maande verhoed. Dié beperking van mosies van wantroue het waarskynlik tot meer stabiliteit maar ook minder verantwoordelikheid van die sittende regering teenoor die parlement gelei. Verkiesings in Papoea-Nieu-Guinee lok talle kandidate. Ná onafhanklikheid in 1975 is parlementslede volgens ’n meerderheidstelsel verkies, waarvolgens parlementslede gewoonlik met minder as 15% verkies is. In 2001 is deur verkiesingshervormings die beperkte voorkeurstem-stelsel (LPV), ’n weergawe van die alternatiewe verkiesing, ingevoer. Die 2007-verkiesings was die eerste wat hierdie verkiesingstelsel gebruik het. In 2011 het Papoea-Nieu-Guinee ’n grondwetlike krisis ondergaan tussen die deur die parlement verkose eerste minister Peter O’Neill (wat deur ’n groot meerderheid LPs verkies is) en Michael Somare (wat deur die Hooggeregshof geag is (in ’n Desember-mening, 3:2) om in sy pos aan te bly. Die konflik tussen die parlement en die Hooggeregshof het tot by die verkiesings in Julie 2012 geduur, waarna die wetgewende vergadering die hoofregter se pos geskrap en die lede van die Hooggeregshof onder groter beheer deur die parlementslede geplaas het, maar hulle het ook ’n reeks ander wette soos ’n ouderdomsbeperking vir ’n eerste minister goedgekeur. Die konfrontasie het ’n hoogtepunt bereik, toe die adjunkpremier, begelei deur polisiebeamptes, die Hooggeregshof tydens ’n verhoor binnegetree het om skynbaar die hoofregter in hegtenis te laat neem. Daar was ’n groot druk op sommige LPs om die nasionale verkiesing vir ses maande tot een jaar uit te stel, hoewel hul mag om dit te doen uiters twyfelagtig was. Die verkose premier en ander koelkop-parlementslede het die lasbriewe wat vir die nuwe verkiesing noodsaaklik was, effens laat saamgestel, maar hulle was nog betyds waarvolgens die verkiesings volgens planne kon verloop, waarvolgens ’n voortsetting van die grondwetlike krisis vermy is. Die krisis was by tye gespanne maar grootliks op politici en reglui, saam met enkele polisie-faksies, beperk. Die bevolking en openbare diens (insluitende die meeste polisie- en weermaglede) het teruggestaan. Dit was in ’n tydperk toe die publiek en studente, met ’n toenemende toegang tot die telekommunikasie en die gebruik van sosiale media (veral <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> en selfone), ’n rol gespeel het om selfbeheersing te behou en van die leierskap verwag het om aan grondwetlike prosesse te voldoen. Hulle het daarop aangedring om by die verkiesing te hou, sodat die mense kan sê wie hul wettige verteenwoordigers vir die volgende vyf jaar sal wees. Kragtens ’n wysiging in 2002 word die leier van die party wat die meerderheid setels in die verkiesing verower het, deur die goewerneur-generaal opdrag gegee om die regering te vorm. Die proses om op dié wyse ’n koalisie te vorm, waar partye nie oor baie ideologie beskik nie, behels aansienlike koehandel tot op die laaste oomblik. Peter O’Neill het ná die verkiesing in Julie 2012 die eerste minister van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee geword, nadat hy met Leo Dion, die voormalige goewerneur van die Oos-Nieu-Brittanje-provinsie, wat as adjunkpremier aangestel is, ’n regering gevorm het. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wetgewing">Wetgewing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Wysig afdeling: Wetgewing" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Wetgewing">wysig bron</a>]</div> Die eenkamerparlement doen wetgewing op die selfde manier soos in ander Britse realms wat die Westminsterstelsel gebruik. Die kabinet stem eenparig saam met die regeringsbeleid, en dan stel die betrokke minister, afhangend van watter staatsdepartement verantwoordelik is vir die uitvoering van ’n bepaalde wet, wetsontwerpe aan die parlement voor. Agterlede van die parlement mag ook wetsontwerpe indien. Die parlement bespreek wetsontwerpe, en (volgens Afdeling 110.1 van die Grondwet) word hulle uitgevaardigde wette, sodra die Speaker sertifiseer dat die parlement dit goedgekeur het. Daar is geen koninklike toestemming in Papoea-Nieu-Guinee nie. Alle gewone wette wat deur die parlement uitgevaardig word, moet in ooreenstemming met die grondwet wees. Die howe het die bevoegdheid om oor die grondwetlikheid van wette te beslis, hetsy as hulle in geskille aangehoor word of oor ’n verwysing waar daar nie ’n dispuut is nie, maar slegs ’n abstrakte regsvraag. Ongewoon onder ontwikkelende lande het die regterlike tak van die regering in Papoea-Nieu-Guinea opvallend onafhanklik gebly, en opeenvolgende uitvoerende regerings het voortgegaan om sy gesag te respekteer. Die “onderliggende wet” (die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese gemenereg) bestaan uit beginsels en wette van die gemenereg en gelykheid in Engels,<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> gemenereg soos dit op 16 September 1975 (die onafhanklikheidsdag) was, en daarna die beslissings van die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese howe. Die howe is onder leiding van die grondwet en, ten slotte, die “onderliggende wet” om kennis te neem van die tradisionele gemeenskappe se gebruike. Hulle moet bepaal watter gebruike aan die hele land gemeen is, en dit kan ook as ’n deel van die onderliggende wet verklaar word. In die praktyk het dit uiters moeilik geblyk en is grootliks verwaarloos. Wette word grotendeels uit oorsese jurisdiksies, veral Australië en Engeland, oorgeneem en op Papoea-Nieu-Guinee toegepas. Voorspraak in die howe volg die voorbeeld van die opponerende patroon in ander Gemenebeslande. Hierdie nasionale hofstelsel, wat in dorpe en stede gebruik word, word deur ’n dorpshofstelsel in die meer afgeleë gebiede ondersteun. Die wet onderliggend aan die dorpshowe is “gewoontereg”. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buitelandse_betrekkinge">Buitelandse betrekkinge</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Wysig afdeling: Buitelandse betrekkinge" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Buitelandse betrekkinge">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Diplomatic_missions_of_Papua_New_Guinea.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Diplomatic_missions_of_Papua_New_Guinea.PNG/220px-Diplomatic_missions_of_Papua_New_Guinea.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Diplomatic_missions_of_Papua_New_Guinea.PNG/330px-Diplomatic_missions_of_Papua_New_Guinea.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Diplomatic_missions_of_Papua_New_Guinea.PNG/440px-Diplomatic_missions_of_Papua_New_Guinea.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Plekke oor die wêreld heen waar Papoea-Nieu-Guinee ambassadeurs of hoëkommissarisse het</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:APEC_Leaders_Photo_-_Papua_New_Guinea_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/APEC_Leaders_Photo_-_Papua_New_Guinea_2018.jpg/220px-APEC_Leaders_Photo_-_Papua_New_Guinea_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/APEC_Leaders_Photo_-_Papua_New_Guinea_2018.jpg/330px-APEC_Leaders_Photo_-_Papua_New_Guinea_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/APEC_Leaders_Photo_-_Papua_New_Guinea_2018.jpg/440px-APEC_Leaders_Photo_-_Papua_New_Guinea_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="582" /></a><figcaption>APEC se 2018-byeenkoms in Papoea-Nieu-Guinee</figcaption></figure> Papoea-Nieu-Guinee is ’n lidland in internasionale organisasies soos die <a href="/wiki/Beweging_van_Onverbonde_Lande" title="Beweging van Onverbonde Lande">Beweging van Onverbonde Lande</a>, <a href="/wiki/Britse_Statebond" title="Britse Statebond">Britse Statebond</a>, Pasifiese Gemeenskap (SPC), Pasifiese Eilandsforum en die Melanesiese Speerpuntgroep (MSG). In 1976 het dit waarnemende status binne die <a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a> verkry, wat in 1981 in spesiale waarnemerstatus verander is; in 2015 het Papoea-Nieu-Guinee vir volle lidmaatskap aansoek gedoen. Dit is ook ’n lid van <a href="/wiki/APEC" title="APEC">APEC</a> en ’n AKP-lidland wat verband hou met die <a href="/wiki/Europese_Unie" title="Europese Unie">Europese Unie</a>. Papoea-Nieu-Guinee ondersteun Indonesië se gesag oor Wes-Nieu-Guinee:<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> die spilpunt van die Papoeakonflik waarin talle menseregteskendings deur die Indonesiese veiligheidsmagte opgeteken is.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> In September 2017 het Papoea-Nieu-Guinee in die Verenigde Nasies se Veiligheidsraad die Wes-Papoease onafhanklikheidspetisie verwerp.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weermag">Weermag</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Wysig afdeling: Weermag" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Weermag">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Adm._Walsh_reviews_the_Papua_New_Guinea_Defence_Force_(PNGDF)_Honor_Guard_(5888997591).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Adm._Walsh_reviews_the_Papua_New_Guinea_Defence_Force_%28PNGDF%29_Honor_Guard_%285888997591%29.jpg/220px-Adm._Walsh_reviews_the_Papua_New_Guinea_Defence_Force_%28PNGDF%29_Honor_Guard_%285888997591%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Adm._Walsh_reviews_the_Papua_New_Guinea_Defence_Force_%28PNGDF%29_Honor_Guard_%285888997591%29.jpg/330px-Adm._Walsh_reviews_the_Papua_New_Guinea_Defence_Force_%28PNGDF%29_Honor_Guard_%285888997591%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Adm._Walsh_reviews_the_Papua_New_Guinea_Defence_Force_%28PNGDF%29_Honor_Guard_%285888997591%29.jpg/440px-Adm._Walsh_reviews_the_Papua_New_Guinea_Defence_Force_%28PNGDF%29_Honor_Guard_%285888997591%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1575" /></a><figcaption>Admiraal Patrick Walsh, bevelvoerder van die Amerikaanse Stille Oseaan-vloot, beoordeel ’n Papoea-Nieu-Guinese erewag</figcaption></figure> Die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese Verdedigingsmag (PNGDF) is die militêre organisasie wat vir die verdediging van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee verantwoordelik is. Dit bestaan uit drie afdelings. Die landgebonde eenheid, ’n landmag bestaande uit die Koninklike Pasifiese Eilandsregiment, ’n klein spesiale magte-eenheid, ’n bataljon van ingenieurs, en drie ander klein eenhede wat hoofsaaklik met seine en gesondheid werk, sowel as ’n militêre akademie, is gemoeid met die landverdediging van die nasie. Die lugeenheid is ’n klein, onderbefondsde vliegtuigeskader wat bestaan uit twee nutsvliegtuie, en ’n verdere drie wat bestel is, twee gehuurde helikopters, en twee opleiers sodra hulle afgelewer is. Die huidige tak is die vervoer van die ander militêre afdelings. Die watergebonde eenheid is ’n klein vloot wat bestaan uit vier patrolliebote in die Stille Oseaan, drie voormalige Australiese Balikpapan-landingstuigvaartuie en een Guardian-klas patrollieboot. Een van die landingstuie word as ’n oefenskip ingespan. Nog drie patrolliebote van die Guardian-klas word in Australië gebou om die ou skepe van die Pasifiese klas te vervang. Die belangrikste take van die watergebonde eenheid is patrollering van die kuswaters en die vervoer van die landgebonde eenheid. Papoea-Nieu-Guinee beskik oor ’n groot eksklusiewe ekonomiese sone, waarvolgens patrollies met die klein Stille-klas patrolliebote, wat as gevolg van onderbefondsing dikwels nie onderhoubaar is nie, ondoeltreffend is, dus is die watergebonde eenheid baie afhanklik van satellietbeelde om toesig oor die waters te hou. Hierdie probleem sal gedeeltelik reggestel word wanneer al die groter patrolliebote van die Guardian-klas in diens is. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Menseregte">Menseregte</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Wysig afdeling: Menseregte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Menseregte">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Papua_New_Guinean_children,_men_and_women_show_their_support_for_putting_an_end_to_violence_against_women_during_a_White_Ribbon_Day_march_(21614943268).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Papua_New_Guinean_children%2C_men_and_women_show_their_support_for_putting_an_end_to_violence_against_women_during_a_White_Ribbon_Day_march_%2821614943268%29.jpg/220px-Papua_New_Guinean_children%2C_men_and_women_show_their_support_for_putting_an_end_to_violence_against_women_during_a_White_Ribbon_Day_march_%2821614943268%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Papua_New_Guinean_children%2C_men_and_women_show_their_support_for_putting_an_end_to_violence_against_women_during_a_White_Ribbon_Day_march_%2821614943268%29.jpg/330px-Papua_New_Guinean_children%2C_men_and_women_show_their_support_for_putting_an_end_to_violence_against_women_during_a_White_Ribbon_Day_march_%2821614943268%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Papua_New_Guinean_children%2C_men_and_women_show_their_support_for_putting_an_end_to_violence_against_women_during_a_White_Ribbon_Day_march_%2821614943268%29.jpg/440px-Papua_New_Guinean_children%2C_men_and_women_show_their_support_for_putting_an_end_to_violence_against_women_during_a_White_Ribbon_Day_march_%2821614943268%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5005" data-file-height="3337" /></a><figcaption>Papoea-Nieu-Guinese kinders, mans en vroue protesteer op Wit-lintdag ten einde van geweld teen vroue</figcaption></figure> Papoea-Nieu-Guinee word dikwels as die land gelys wat die ergste getref word deur geweld teen vroue.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Volgens ’n 2013-opname in The Lancet het 27% van Bougainville se mans ’n nieeggenoot verkrag, terwyl 14,1% bendeverkragting gepleeg het.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Volgens <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a> is amper die helfte van die verkragtingslagoffers jonger as 15 jaar en 13% jonger as 7 jaar.<a href="#cite_note-UNICEF2-47">[47]</a> Volgens ’n verslag deur ChildFund Australia waarin die voormalige parlementêre dame Carol Kidu aangehaal word, is 50% van diegene wat ná verkragting mediese hulp soek jonger as 16 jaar, 25% jonger as 12 jaar en 10% jonger as 8 jaar.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Die 1971-towerywet het ’n boete van tot twee jaar gevangenisstraf opgelê vir die beoefening van “<a href="/wiki/Swartmagie" title="Swartmagie">swartmagie</a>”, totdat dié wet in 2013 herroep is.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Volgens skattings word in Papoea-Nieu-Guinee jaarliks sowat 50–150 beweerde hekse vermoor.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <a href="/wiki/LGBT" title="LGBT">LGBT</a>-burgers word in Papoea-Nieu-Guinee ook nie beskerm nie. Homoseksuele handelinge is in die land onwettig.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administratiewe_afdelings">Administratiewe afdelings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Wysig afdeling: Administratiewe afdelings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Administratiewe afdelings">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Papua_New_Guinea_regions.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Papua_New_Guinea_regions.png/220px-Papua_New_Guinea_regions.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Papua_New_Guinea_regions.png/330px-Papua_New_Guinea_regions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Papua_New_Guinea_regions.png/440px-Papua_New_Guinea_regions.png 2x" data-file-width="696" data-file-height="469" /></a><figcaption>Die vier Papoea-Nieu-Guinese streke: <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;">    Hoogland    Eiland    Momase    Papoea </div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Papua_new_guinea_provinces_(numbers)_2012.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Papua_new_guinea_provinces_%28numbers%29_2012.png/220px-Papua_new_guinea_provinces_%28numbers%29_2012.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Papua_new_guinea_provinces_%28numbers%29_2012.png/330px-Papua_new_guinea_provinces_%28numbers%29_2012.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Papua_new_guinea_provinces_%28numbers%29_2012.png/440px-Papua_new_guinea_provinces_%28numbers%29_2012.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Die 22 Papoea-Nieu-Guinese provinsies</figcaption></figure> Papoea-Nieu-Guinee is onderverdeel in vier streke, wat nie die primêre administratiewe afdelings is nie, maar baie belangrik is in baie aspekte soos regering, ekonomie, sport en ander aktiwiteite. Die nasie bestaan uit 22 afdelings op provinsiale vlak: twintig provinsies, die Outonome Streek Bougainville en die Nasionale Hoofstaddistrik. Elke provinsie is weer onderdeel in een of meer distrikte, wat op sy beurt weer op plaaslike vlak uit een of meer gebiede bestaan. Provinsies is die primêre administratiewe afdelings van die land. Provinsiale regerings is takke van die nasionale regering, aangesien Papoea-Nieu-Guinee nie ’n federasie van provinsies is nie. Die provinsies is soos volg: <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <ol><li>Sentraal</li> <li>Chimbu (Simbu)</li> <li>Oostelike Hoogland</li> <li>Oos-Nieu-Brittanje</li> <li>Oos-Sepik</li> <li>Enga</li> <li>Golf</li> <li>Madang</li> <li>Manus</li> <li>Milnebaai</li> <li>Morobe</li></ol> </td> <td> <ol start="12"> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieu-Ierland" title="Nieu-Ierland">Nieu-Ierland</a></li> <li>Noord (Oro)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bougainville" title="Bougainville">Bougainville</a> (outonome streek)</li> <li>Suidelike Hoogland</li> <li>Westelike Provinsie (Fly)</li> <li>Westelike Hoogland</li> <li>Wes-Nieu-Brittanje</li> <li>Wes-Sepik (Sandaun)</li> <li>Nasionale Hoofstaddistrik (<a href="/wiki/Port_Moresby" title="Port Moresby">Port Moresby</a>)</li> <li>Hela</li> <li>Jiwaka</li> </ol> </td></tr></tbody></table> In 2009 het die parlement die stigting van twee bykomende provinsies – Hela (uit dele van die bestaande Suidelike Hoogland-provinsie) en Jiwaka (deur die verdeling van die Westelike Hoogland-provinsie) – goedgekeur.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Jiwaka en Hela het op 12 Mei 2012 amptelik provinsies geword.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Die stigting van die Hela- en Jiwaka-provinsies is ’n gevolg van die grootste vloeibare <a href="/wiki/Aardgas" title="Aardgas">aardgasprojek</a> in die land wat in albei provinsies lê. Die regering het 23 November 2019 ingestel<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> as die stemdatum vir ’n niebindende<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> onafhanklikheidsreferendum in die outonome streek <a href="/wiki/Bougainville" title="Bougainville">Bougainville</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In Desember 2019 het die outonome streek se bevolking oorweldigend vir onafhanklikheid gestem, met 97,7% van die stemgeregtigdes wat ten gunste van volle onafhanklikheid was en ongeveer 1,7% ten gunste van ’n groter outonomie.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomie">Ekonomie</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Wysig afdeling: Ekonomie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomie">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Banknotes_and_Coins_of_Papua_New_Guinea_2673.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Banknotes_and_Coins_of_Papua_New_Guinea_2673.JPG/220px-Banknotes_and_Coins_of_Papua_New_Guinea_2673.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Banknotes_and_Coins_of_Papua_New_Guinea_2673.JPG/330px-Banknotes_and_Coins_of_Papua_New_Guinea_2673.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Banknotes_and_Coins_of_Papua_New_Guinea_2673.JPG/440px-Banknotes_and_Coins_of_Papua_New_Guinea_2673.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3440" data-file-height="2624" /></a><figcaption>Banknote en -munte van die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese kina</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:POM_Downtown.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/POM_Downtown.jpg/220px-POM_Downtown.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/POM_Downtown.jpg/330px-POM_Downtown.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/POM_Downtown.jpg/440px-POM_Downtown.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Port Moresby is die ekonomiese sentrum van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee</figcaption></figure> Papoea-Nieu-Guinee beskik oor ’n rykdom aan natuurlike hulpbronne, insluitende minerale en hernubare hulpbronne, soos woude, visbronne (insluitende ’n groot gedeelte van die wêreld se groot tonynvoorrade), en in sommige gebiede <a href="/wiki/Landbou" title="Landbou">landbou</a>. Die ruwe oppervlakte — bestaande uit hoë bergreekse en groot valleie, moerasse en eilande — en ’n hoë koste vir die ontwikkeling van die <a href="/wiki/Infrastruktuur" title="Infrastruktuur">infrastruktuur</a>, gepaardgaande met ander faktore (soos wet en orde-probleme in sommige sentras en die stelsel van gebruiklike grondtitels) maak toegang tot die lans moeilik vir buitelandse ontwikkelaars. Plaaslike ontwikkelaars word deur jare se tekorte aan belegging in die onderwys, gesondheid en finansiële dienste gestreem. Landbou, vir bestaans- en kontantgewasse, voorsien sowat 85% van die bevolking aan ’n lewensonderhoud en dra sowat 30% tot die <a href="/wiki/Bruto_binnelandse_produk" title="Bruto binnelandse produk">BBP</a> by. Minerale voorkomste soos <a href="/wiki/Goud" title="Goud">goud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruolie" title="Ruolie">ruolie</a> en <a href="/wiki/Koper" title="Koper">koper</a>, maak 72% van die uitvoerinkomste uit. Die aanplanting van oliepalms het oor die afgelope jare bestendig gegroei (grotendeels op landgoedere en met uitgebreide produksie van buitegroeiers), wat van palmolie nou die belangrikste landbou-uitvoerproduk maak. <a href="/wiki/Koffie" title="Koffie">Koffie</a> bly die belangrikste uitvoeroes (en word veral in die hooglandprovinsies gekweek); gevolg deur <a href="/wiki/Kakaoboon" title="Kakaoboon">kakaobone</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kokosolie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kokosolie (bladsy bestaan nie)">kokosolie</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kopra" title="Kopra">kopra</a> van die kusgebiede, elkeen word veral deur kleinboere geproduseer; <a href="/wiki/Tee" title="Tee">tee</a>, wat op boedels geproduseer word; en <a href="/wiki/Rubber" title="Rubber">rubber</a>. In 1986 is die Iagifu/Hedinia-veld in Papoea se vou- en druk-gordel ontdek.<a href="#cite_note-Matzke-58">[58]</a> Die voormalige eerste minister, Mekere Morauta, het probeer om die integriteit van staatsinstellings te herstel, die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinese_kina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papoea-Nieu-Guinese kina (bladsy bestaan nie)">kina</a> te stabiliseer, stabiliteit in die nasionale begroting te herstel, openbare ondernemings waar toepaslik te privatiseer, en volgehoue vrede op Bougainville na die 1997-ooreenkoms wat die afskeiding van Bougainville beëindig het te verseker. Die Morauta-regering het aansienlike sukses met die verkryging van internasionale ondersteuning behaal, en het veral ondersteuning van beide die <a href="/wiki/Internasionale_Monet%C3%AAre_Fonds" title="Internasionale Monetêre Fonds">Internasionale Monetêre Fonds</a> (IMF) en die <a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAreldbank" title="Wêreldbank">Wêreldbank</a> verkry om lenings vir ontwikkelingshulp te ontvang. In 2020 het Papoea-Nieu-Guinee se BBP met 1% gekrimp, terwyl die inflasiekoers 4,7% beloop het.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> In 2019 het die ekonomie nog met 3,8% gegroei; dié ekonomiese groei is veral teweeggebring deur sterk kommoditeitspryse, veral in die mynbou maar ook in die landbou, met die groot navraag na mineraalprodukte wat grootliks selfs gedurende die krisis in die voorste Asiatiese markte aangehou het, ’n bloeiende mynbousektor en ’n goeie vooruitsigte wat die konstruksiefase wat <a href="/wiki/Aardgas" title="Aardgas">aardgas</a> se ontginning, vervaardiging en uitvoer in vloeibare vorm (vloeibare aardgas of in Engels Liquid Natural Gas, LNG) deur LNG-tenkskepe, wat almal beleggings van miljarde se dollars benodig (ontginning, produksieputte, pyplyne, stoor, vervloeiingsaanlegte, haweterminale, LNG-tenkskepe). Die eerste groot aardgasprojek was die gesamentlike onderneming PNG LNG. ExxonMobil is die bestuurder van dié gesamentlike onderneming, wat ook die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese maatskappy Oil Search, Santos, Kumul Petroleum Holdings (Papoea-Nieu-Guinee se nasionale oil- en gas-maatskappy), JX Nippon Oil and Gas Exploration, die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese regering se Ontwikkelingsmaatskappy vir minerale bronne en Petromin PNG Holdings insluit.<a href="#cite_note-Exxon-60">[60]</a> Dié projek is ’n geïntegreerde ontwikkeling wat die ontginning van aardgas en verwerkingsfasiliteite in die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese provinsies Hela, die Suidelike Hooglande en die Westelike provinsie, maar ook vervloeiings- en stooraanlegte (geleë in die noordweste van Port Moresby) met ’n kapasiteit van 6,9 miljoen ton jaarliks, insluit. Meer as 700 km se pyplyne skakel dié aanlegte met mekaar.<a href="#cite_note-Exxon-60">[60]</a> Dit is die grootste belegging in die privaatsektor in die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese geskiedenis.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> ’n Tweede groot projek is gebaseer op aanvanklike regte wat behoort aan die Franse olie- en gas-maatskappy Total SE en die Amerikaanse maatskappy InterOil Corp. (IOC), wat hul bates gedeeltelik saamgevoeg het nadat Total in Desember 2013 ingestem het om 61,3% van IOC se Antelope en Elk gasveldregte te kop, met die plan om hulle vanaf 2016 te ontwikkel, insluitende die oprigting van ’n vervloeiingsaanlegte om LNG uit te voer. Total SE het apart daarvan ’n tweede gesamentlike ondernemingooreenkoms met Oil Search aangegaan. Bykomende gas- en mineraalprojekte is al voorgestel (waaronder die groot Wafi-Golpu-goud-kopermyn), met ’n volgehoue verkenning dwarsdeur die land.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese regering se langtermyn Visie 2050 en beleidsdokumente met ’n korter termyn, insluitende die 2013-begroting en die 2014-verantwoordelike strategie vir ’n volhoubare ontwikkeling, beklemtoon die noodsaaklikheid van ’n meer diverse ekonomie, gebaseer op volhoubare nywerhede en die vermyding van die <a href="/wiki/Hollandse_siekte" title="Hollandse siekte">Hollandse siekte</a> se gevolge as gevolg van groot ontginning van hulpbronne wat ander bedrywe ondermyn, soos dit al in baie lande met olie- of ander minerale bome voorgekom het, veral in <a href="/wiki/Wes-Afrika" title="Wes-Afrika">Wes-Afrika</a>, wat ’n groot deel van hul landbousektor, vervaardiging en toerisme ondermyn, gepaardgaande met breë indiensnemingsvooruitsigte. Maatreëls is getref om hierdie effekte te versag, onder meer deur die stigting van ’n soewereine welvaartsfonds, deels om inkomste- en uitgawevloei te stabiliseer, maar baie sal afhang van die gereedheid om daadwerklike hervormings aan te bring vir die effektiewe gebruik van inkomste, die aanpak van ongebreidelde korrupsie en die bemagtiging van huishoudings en ondernemings tot toegang tot markte, dienste en ’n meer lewendige ekonomie met laer koste veral vir klein tot mediumgrootte ondernemings te ontwikkel. ’n Groot projek wat deur die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese afdeling vir gemeenskapsontwikkeling gedoen is, het voorgestel dat ander weë na ’n volhoubare ontwikkeling oorweeg sal moet word.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Die Instituut van Nasionale Sake, ’n Papoea-Nieu-Guinese onafhanklike politieke <a href="/wiki/Dinkskrum" title="Dinkskrum">dinkskrum</a>, lewer al om die vyf jaar ’n verslag oor die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese sake- en beleggingsomgewing, gebaseer op ’n opname van groot en klein, plaaslike en oorsese maatskappye, wat wet en orde, probleme en korrupsie as die ergste hindernisse uitlig, gevolg deur die swak toestand van vervoer, krag- en kommunikasie-infrastruktuur.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grondbesit">Grondbesit</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Wysig afdeling: Grondbesit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Grondbesit">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:OkTediMine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/OkTediMine.jpg/220px-OkTediMine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/OkTediMine.jpg/330px-OkTediMine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/OkTediMine.jpg/440px-OkTediMine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Die Ok Tedi-myn in die suidwestelike Papoea-Nieu-Guinee</figcaption></figure> Die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese wetgewer het wette ingestel waarin ’n tipe ampstermyn, “gewone grondtitel” genoem, erken word, wat beteken dat die <a href="/wiki/Inheemse_volke" title="Inheemse volke">inheemse bevolking</a> ’n wetlike basis van onvervreembare eiendomsreg vir hul tradisionele lande geniet. Hierdie tradisionele grond beslaan die meeste van die bruikbare grond van die land (ongeveer 97% van die totale grondoppervlakte);<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> vervreemde grond is óf in privaatbesit onder staatshuur óf is regeringsgrond. Slegs Papoea-Nieu-Guinese burgers kom in aanmerking vir eienaarstitels (oftewel eenvoudige fooi).<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Net sowat 3% van die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese grond is in privaatbesit; dit word privaat onder huurkontrakte van 99 jaar gehou, of is in staatsbesit. Daar is feitlik geen eiendomsregtitel nie; die paar bestaande eienaars word outomaties in staatskontrakte oorgeskakel wanneer dit tussen verkoper en koper oorgedra word. Onvervreemde grond word deur tradisionele grondeienaars onder gebruiklike titels besit. Die presiese aard van die waarborge wissel van kultuur tot kultuur. Baie skrywers beeld grond uit soos in die gemeenskaplike besit van tradisionele families; nadere studies toon egter gewoonlik dat die kleinste gedeeltes grond waarvan die eienaarskap nie verder verdeel kan word nie, slegs deur die individuele hoofde van uitgebreide families en hul nageslag gehou word as hulle onlangs oorlede is.<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Haal_bronne_aan" title="Wikipedia:Haal bronne aan">[verwysing benodig]</a> Dit is ’n belangrike saak, aangesien ’n probleem van ekonomiese ontwikkeling die identifisering van die lidmaatskap van gewone eienaars is. Geskille tussen mynbou- en bosboumaatskappye en grondeienaarsgroepe gaan dikwels oor die vraag of die maatskappye kontraktuele betrekkinge met die ware eienaars aangegaan het vir die gebruik van grond. Gewone eiendom – gewoonlik grond – kan nie deur ’n testament opgestel word nie. Dit kan slegs volgens die gebruike van die oorledene geërf word. Die Landswet is saam met die Wet op die Inlywing van die Landgroep in 2010 gewysig, ten einde van ’n beter bestuur van staatsgrond, meganismes vir geskilbesleging oor grond, en om gebruiklike grondeienaars, as hulle dit wil ontwikkel vir stedelike of landelike ekonomiese aktiwiteite, beter in staat te stel om toegang tot finansiering en moontlike vennootskappe oor gedeeltes van hul grond te kry. Die Wet op die Oprigting van Landgroepe vereis ’n meer spesifieke identifikasie van die gebruiklike grondeienaars as voorheen en hul meer spesifieke magtiging voordat enige grondreëlings bepaal word (’n groot probleem die afgelope jare was grondgrype, gebruik, of eerder misbruik, van die huur-en-terughuur-bepaling kragtens die Grondwet, veral met hulp van “spesiale landbou- en besigheidskontrakte” (SABLs) om groot stukke gebruiklike grond na bewering vir landbouprojekte aan te skaf, maar in byna alle gevalle as ’n agterdeur-meganisme om tropiese bosbronne vir houtkapping te verkry — om die strengere vereistes van die boswet te omseil, vir die verkryging van houtpermitte (wat aan volhoubaarheidsvereistes moet voldoen en mededingend beveilig moet word, en deur die gebruiklike grondeienaar goedgekeur moet word)). Na aanleiding van ’n nasionale protes is hierdie SABL’s onderhewig aan ’n kommissie van ondersoek wat in die middel-2011 van stapel gestuur is, waarvoor daar nog op die verslag gewag word vir aanvanklike voorlegging aan die eerste minister en die parlement.<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Haal_bronne_aan" title="Wikipedia:Haal bronne aan">[verwysing benodig]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografie">Demografie</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Wysig afdeling: Demografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Demografie">wysig bron</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#cfb;">Bevolking<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#cfb;">Jaar </th> <th style="background:#cfb;">Miljoen </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">1950</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,7 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">2000</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,6 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">2020</td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,6 </td></tr></tbody></table> Met ’n geskatte bevolking van sowat 8,95 miljoen in 2020<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> is Papoea-Nieu-Guinee een van die mees heterogene nasies wêreldwyd.<a href="#cite_note-fearon-70">[70]</a> In Papoea-Nieu-Guinee bly meer as ’n honderd verskeie inheemse <a href="/wiki/Etniese_groep" title="Etniese groep">etniese groepe</a>, waarvan die meeste aan die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea%27s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papoea's (bladsy bestaan nie)">Papoea's</a> behoort en wie se voorouers tienduisende jaar gelede die Nieu-Guinese streek bereik het. Die ander inheemse etniese groepe is <a href="/wiki/Austronesiese_volke" title="Austronesiese volke">Austronesiërs</a> wie se voorouers sowat vierduisend jaar gelede die gebied bereik het. Vandag bly in Papoea-Nieu-Guinee ook ’n aantal etniese groepe van ander dele van die wêreld, insluitende <a href="/wiki/Han-Chinese" title="Han-Chinese">Han-Chinese</a>,<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Europeërs, Australiers, Indonesiërs, Filipino’s, Polinesiërs en Mikronesiërs (die laaste vier behoort aan die Austronesiërs). Sowat 40 000 uitgewekenes, veral uit Australië en die <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">Volksrepubliek China</a>, het in 1975 in Papoea-Nieu-Guinee gebly.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> 20 000 Australiers bly tans in Papoea-Nieu-Guinee.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Hulle verteenwoordig 0,25% van die totale Papoea-Nieu-Guinese bevolking. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verstedeliking">Verstedeliking</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Wysig afdeling: Verstedeliking" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Verstedeliking">wysig bron</a>]</div> Volgens die CIA World Factbook (2018)<a href="#cite_note-CIA-3">[3]</a> het Papoea-Nieu-Guinee met 13,2% die tweede laagste stedelike bevolkingspersentasie wêreldwyd net na <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a>. Beide Papoea-Nieu-Guinee se geografie en ekonomie is die hooffaktore vir hierdie lae persentasie. Papoea-Nieu-Guinea het ’n verstedelikingskoers van 2,51%, gemeet as die verwagte verandering in stedelike bevolking vanaf 2015 tot 2020. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tale">Tale</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Wysig afdeling: Tale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Tale">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Languages_Papua_New_Guinea.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Languages_Papua_New_Guinea.png/220px-Languages_Papua_New_Guinea.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Languages_Papua_New_Guinea.png/330px-Languages_Papua_New_Guinea.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Languages_Papua_New_Guinea.png/440px-Languages_Papua_New_Guinea.png 2x" data-file-width="1451" data-file-height="759" /></a><figcaption>Die taalfamilies van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee volgens Timothy Usher</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:TNG_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/TNG_map.svg/220px-TNG_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/TNG_map.svg/330px-TNG_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/TNG_map.svg/440px-TNG_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="313" /></a><figcaption>Die taalfamilies volgens Ross se konsep van ’n <a href="/wiki/Trans-Nieu-Guinese_tale" title="Trans-Nieu-Guinese tale">Trans-Nieu-Guinese taalfamilie</a>. Die affiliasie van sommige oostelike takke is nie algemeen aanvaar nie</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Huli_wigman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Huli_wigman.jpg/220px-Huli_wigman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Huli_wigman.jpg/330px-Huli_wigman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Huli_wigman.jpg/440px-Huli_wigman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>’n Huli-wigman van die Suidelike Hooglande</figcaption></figure> In Papoea-Nieu-Guinee word meer tale as in enige ander land wêreldwyd gebesig<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> met meer as 820 inheemse tale wat 12% van die wêreld se totale aantal tale is, alhoewel die meeste minder as ’n duisend <a href="/wiki/Moedertaal" title="Moedertaal">moedertaalsprekers</a> het. Met ’n gemiddelde van net 7 000 sprekers per taal het Papoea-Nieu-Guinee ’n groter digtheid aan tale as enige ander nasie behalwe <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Die mees verspreide inheemse taal is Enga met sowat 200 000 sprekers, gevolg deur Melpa en Huli.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Inheemse tale word in twee groot taalgroepe geklassifiseer: <a href="/wiki/Austronesiese_tale" title="Austronesiese tale">Austronesiese tale</a> en nie-Austronesiese tale, oftewel <a href="/wiki/Papoeas" title="Papoeas">Papoeas</a>. Vier tale geniet in Papoea-Nieu-Guinee statutêre erkenning: <a href="/wiki/Engels" title="Engels">Engels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tok_Pisin" title="Tok Pisin">Tok Pisin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiri_Motu" title="Hiri Motu">Hiri Motu</a> en sedert 2015 die <a href="/wiki/Gebaretaal" title="Gebaretaal">gebaretaal</a> (d.w.s. die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese gebaretaal). Engels is die taal van die regering en die onderwysstelsel, maar word nie algemeen gebesig nie. Die primêre <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> van die land is Tok Pisin (in Engels algemeen as Nieu-Guinese Pidgin of Melanesiese Pidgin bekend), wat meestal vir debatte in die parlement, baie inligtingsveldtogte en advertensies gebruik word, en ook ’n nasionale weeklikse koerant, Wantok, verskyn in dié taal. Die enigste gebied in die land waar Tok Pisin nie algemeen gebesig word nie is die suidelike streek van Papoea, waar mense veral die derde amptelike taal, Hiri Motu, besig. Alhoewel dit in die Papoea-streek lê, beskik Port Moresby oor ’n hoogs diverse bevolking wat veral Tok Pisin en in ’n minder mate Engels besig, terwyl Motu die inheemse taal van die afgeleë dorpe is. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gesondheid">Gesondheid</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Wysig afdeling: Gesondheid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Gesondheid">wysig bron</a>]</div> Die lewensverwagting by geboorte in Papoea-Nieu-Guinee in 2016 vir mans was 64 jaar en 68 vir vroue. Die regering se gesondheidsbesteding in 2014 het 9,5% van die totale staatsuitgawes uitgemaak, met totale gesondheidsuitgawes gelyk aan 4,3% van die BBP.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Daar was vyf dokters per 100 000 mense in die vroeë 2000’s.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> In 2010 was die moedersterftesyfer per 100 000 geboortes in Papoea-Nieu-Guinea 250, in vergelyking met 2008 se 311,9 en 1990 se 476,3. Die o/5-sterftesyfer per 1 000 geboortes is 69 en die neonatale sterftesyfer van o/5 is 37%. In Papoea-Nieu-Guinea is die aantal vroedvroue per 1000 lewende geboortes 1 en die lewenslange doodsrisiko vir swanger vroue is 1 uit 94.<a href="#cite_note-SOWMY-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Godsdiens">Godsdiens</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Wysig afdeling: Godsdiens" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Godsdiens">wysig bron</a>]</div> Die regering en die regbank handhaaf die grondwetlike reg op vryheid van spraak, denke en geloof, en geen wetgewing is goedgekeur om hierdie regte te beperk nie. Volgens die 2011-sensus identifiseer 95,6% van die bevolking hulself as <a href="/wiki/Christene" title="Christene">Christene</a>, 1,4% as nie-Christene en 3,1% het geen godsdiens aangegee nie. Feitlik geen respondent is as niegodsdienstig geïdentifiseer nie. Die godsdienstige sinkretisme is hoog en baie mense kombineer hul Christelike geloof met die een of ander tradisionele inheemse godsdienstige praktyk.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Die meeste Christene in Papoea-Nieu-Guinee is <a href="/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme">Protestante</a> met sowat 70% van die totale bevolking. Hulle behoort veral aan die Evangelies-Lutherse Kerk, <a href="/wiki/Sewendedagadventisme" title="Sewendedagadventisme">Sewendedagadventisme</a>, verskeie Pinksterbewegings, die Verenigde Kerk in Papoea-Nieu-Guinee en die Salomonseilande, die Evangelikale Alliansie Papoea-Nieu-Guinee of die <a href="/wiki/Anglikaanse_Gemeenskap" title="Anglikaanse Gemeenskap">Anglikaanse Gemeenskap</a>. Apart van die Protestante is daar ’n belangrike <a href="/wiki/Rooms-Katolieke_Kerk" title="Rooms-Katolieke Kerk">Rooms-Katolieke</a> minderheid wat sowat 25% van die bevolking vorm. Sowat 2 000 <a href="/wiki/Moslem" title="Moslem">Moslems</a> bly in die land. Die meerderheid is <a href="/wiki/Soenni" title="Soenni">Soenniete</a> met ’n klein aantal Ahmadi’s. Nietradisionele Christelike kerke en nie-Christelike godsdienstige groepe is dwarsdeur die land aktief. Die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese Raad van Kerke beweer dat beide Moslems en <a href="/wiki/Konfusianisme" title="Konfusianisme">Konfusiaanse</a> sendelinge baie aktief is.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Tradisionele godsdienste is meestal <a href="/wiki/Animisme" title="Animisme">animisties</a>. Party beskik ook oor elemente van <a href="/wiki/Voorouerverering" class="mw-redirect" title="Voorouerverering">voorouerverering</a>, alhoewel veralgemening onderstel word gegewe die uiterste heterogeniteit van Melanesiese samelewings. Algemeen onder die tradisionele stamme is die geloof in masalai, of bose geeste, wat blameer word vir die “vergiftiging” van mense, wat rampe en die dood veroorsaak, en die beoefening van puripuri (towery).<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Die eerste <a href="/wiki/Baha%E2%80%99i" title="Baha’i">Baha’i</a> in Papoea-Nieu-Guinee was Violete Hoenke, wat in 1954 Admiraliteitseiland vanaf Australië bereik het. Die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese Baha’i-gemeenskap het só vinnig gegroei, dat in 1969 ’n Nasionale Geestelike Vergadering (’n administratiewe raad) gekies is. In 2020 was daar meer as 30 000 Baha’is in Papoea-Nieu-Guinee. In 2012 is besluit om die eerste Bahá’í Huis van Aanbidding in Papoea-Nieu-Guinee te bou. Sy ontwerp is dié van ’n geweefde mandjie, ’n algemene kenmerk in alle groepe en gemeenskappe van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee. Volgens verwagtinge sal dit ’n simbool vir die hele land word. Sy nege hoeke is ontleen aan die ontwerp van Haus Tambaran (geestelike huis). In 2018 is met die bouwerk in Port Moresby begin. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultuur">Kultuur</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Wysig afdeling: Kultuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Kultuur">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Papua_New_Guinean.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Papua_New_Guinean.JPG/220px-Papua_New_Guinean.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Papua_New_Guinean.JPG/330px-Papua_New_Guinean.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Papua_New_Guinean.JPG/440px-Papua_New_Guinean.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>’n Inwoner van Boga-Boga, ’n dorpie aan die suidoostelike kus van die vastelandse Papoea-Nieu-Guinee</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Abelam_wooden_ancestor_figure_2_CAC.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Abelam_wooden_ancestor_figure_2_CAC.JPG/170px-Abelam_wooden_ancestor_figure_2_CAC.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Abelam_wooden_ancestor_figure_2_CAC.JPG/255px-Abelam_wooden_ancestor_figure_2_CAC.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Abelam_wooden_ancestor_figure_2_CAC.JPG/340px-Abelam_wooden_ancestor_figure_2_CAC.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1127" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>’n 20ste eeuse Abelam-voorvaderfiguur (nggwalndu), gekap uit hout</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Thiafamous_4318b.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Thiafamous_4318b.JPG/220px-Thiafamous_4318b.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Thiafamous_4318b.JPG/330px-Thiafamous_4318b.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Thiafamous_4318b.JPG/440px-Thiafamous_4318b.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Asaro-moddermanne</figcaption></figure> Volgens ramings bestaan daar meer as eenduisend kultuurgroepe in Papoea-Nieu-Guinee. Weens sy verskeidenheid het baie style van kulturele uitdrukking ontwikkel. Elke groep beskik oor sy eie uitdrukking van kuns, dans, wapentuie, kostuums, sangkuns, musiek, argitektuur en baie meer. Die meeste kultuurgroepe beskik oor hul eie taal. Van die mense bly tradisioneel in dorpies wat op landbou as voedselbron staatmaak. Om hul diëte aan te vul jag mense in sommige gebiede en versamel wilde plante (soos yam-wortels en karuka). Diegene wat vaardig is in jag, landbou en visvang word baie respekteer. <a href="/wiki/Skulp" title="Skulp">Skulpe</a> dien nie meer as geldeenheid van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee nie, soos dit voorheen in sommige gebiede was — skulpe as ’n geldeenheid is in 1933 afgeskaf. Dié tradisie is egter steeds in sommige plaaslike gebruike lewendig. In sommige kulture sal ’n bruidegom, om ’n bruid te kry, ’n bepaalde aantal mosselskulpe met goue rande as bruidsprys moet saambring.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> In ander gebiede word die bruidsprys in lengte van skulpgeld, varke, kassoware of kontant betaal. In ander gebiede betaal bruide tradisioneel ’n bruidskat. Mense van die hooglande neem deel aan kleurvolle tradisionele plaaslike rituele wat “sing sings” genoem word. Hulle verf hulself en aantrek vere, pêrels en dierevelle om voëls, bome of berggeeste voor te stel. Soms word ’n belangrike gebeurtenis, soos ’n legendariese stryd, op só ’n musikale fees vertoon. Die land beskik oor een <a href="/wiki/Unesco" title="Unesco">Unesco</a>-<a href="/wiki/W%C3%AArelderfenisgebied" title="Wêrelderfenisgebied">wêrelderfenisgebied</a>, die <a href="/wiki/Kukmoeras" title="Kukmoeras">Kukmoeras</a>, wat in 2008 gelys is. Die land het tot dusver nog geen elemente op Unesco se Verteenwoordigende lys van die ontasbare kulturele erfenis van die mensdom nie, ondanks die feit dat die land oor een van die grootste verskeidenheid ontasbare kulturele erfeniselemente ter wêreld beskik.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Wysig afdeling: Sport" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section's source code: Sport">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Cricket_match_on_Kwato_Island_near_Samarai_ca._1905_(22630421580).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Cricket_match_on_Kwato_Island_near_Samarai_ca._1905_%2822630421580%29.jpg/220px-Cricket_match_on_Kwato_Island_near_Samarai_ca._1905_%2822630421580%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Cricket_match_on_Kwato_Island_near_Samarai_ca._1905_%2822630421580%29.jpg/330px-Cricket_match_on_Kwato_Island_near_Samarai_ca._1905_%2822630421580%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Cricket_match_on_Kwato_Island_near_Samarai_ca._1905_%2822630421580%29.jpg/440px-Cricket_match_on_Kwato_Island_near_Samarai_ca._1905_%2822630421580%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="637" /></a><figcaption>’n <a href="/wiki/Krieket" title="Krieket">Krieketwedstryd</a> op Kwato-eiland, Papoea-Nieu-Guinee, ca. 1905</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Png_victory.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Png_victory.jpg/220px-Png_victory.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Png_victory.jpg/330px-Png_victory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Png_victory.jpg/440px-Png_victory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1560" /></a><figcaption>Papoea-Nieu-Guinese spelers vier nadat hulle Nieu-Seeland tydens die eindstryd van die Australiese reëlsvoetbal-beker 2008 verslaan het</figcaption></figure> Sport is ’n belangrike deel van die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese kultuur en dié eilandstaat se sportkultuur is veral deur die voormalige koloniale magte, die Verenigde Koninkryk en later Australië, beïnvloed. <a href="/wiki/Rugby_League" title="Rugby League">Rugby League</a> is verreweg die gewildste sportsoort<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> en word as nasionale sport van dié eilandstaat beskou.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> In ’n nasie waar gemeenskappe wyd versprei leef en baie mense op ’n minimale bestaansvlak bly, word rugby league – as ’n manier om die plaaslike entoesiasme vir die spel te verklaar – as ’n plaasvervanger vir stamoorloë beskou (’n saak van lewe of dood). Baie Papoea-Nieu-Guinese het bekendheid verwerf nadat hulle hul land verteenwoordig of in ’n oorsese professionele liga gespeel het. Selfs Australiese rugby league-spelers wat jaarliks in die State of Origin-reeks speel, wat elke jaar koorsagtig in Papoea-Nieu-Guinee gevier word, is onder die bekendste mense in die hele land. Die State of Origin is vir die meeste Papoea-Nieu-Guinese die hoogtepunt van die jaar, alhoewel die ondersteuning só passievol is dat baie mense oor die jare heen tydens gewelddadige botsings tussen ondersteuners van verskeie spanne gesterf het.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese nasionale rugby league-span speel jaarliks teen die Australiese Eerste Minister se XIII (’n saamgestelde span van nasionale rugby league spelers), gewoonlik in Port Moresby. Alhoewel nie so gewild nie, is Australiese voetbal op ’n ander manier meer betekenisvol, aangesien die nasionale span in die wêreldranglys op die tweede plek is, net na Australië. Ander belangrike sportsoorte wat in Papoea-Nieu-Guinee gewild is, sluit in <a href="/wiki/Sokker" title="Sokker">sokker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rugby" title="Rugby">rugby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basketbal" title="Basketbal">basketbal</a> en, in oostelike Papoea, <a href="/wiki/Krieket" title="Krieket">krieket</a>. Op 26 April 2019 het die <a href="/wiki/Papoea-Nieu-Guinese_nasionale_krieketspan" title="Papoea-Nieu-Guinese nasionale krieketspan">Papoea-Nieu-Guinese nasionale krieketspan</a> sy <a href="/wiki/Internasionale_eendagwedstryd" title="Internasionale eendagwedstryd">EDI-status</a> herwin.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In Oktober 2019 het Papoea-Nieu-Guinee vir die <a href="/wiki/T20I-w%C3%AAreldbeker_2021" title="T20I-wêreldbeker 2021">T20I-wêreldbeker 2021</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Arabiese_Emirate" title="Verenigde Arabiese Emirate">Verenigde Arabiese Emirate</a> gekwalifiseer, nadat hulle Groep A van die kwalifiseringstoernooi gewen en volgens ’n beter lopietempo bo <a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_nasionale_krieketspan" title="Nederlandse nasionale krieketspan">Nederland</a> geëindig het.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Dit was die eerste keer wat Papoea-Nieu-Guinee vir ’n krieketwêreldbeker in enige formaat kon kwalifiseer.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> In dié toernooi het hulle in hul groep ná drie swak nederlae teen <a href="/wiki/Bengaalse_nasionale_krieketspan" title="Bengaalse nasionale krieketspan">Bangladesj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omaanse_nasionale_krieketspan" title="Omaanse nasionale krieketspan">Oman</a> en <a href="/wiki/Skotse_nasionale_krieketspan" title="Skotse nasionale krieketspan">Skotland</a> in die laaste plek geëindig en is in die eerste rondte uitgeskakel.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Daarna kon hulle die Oos-Asiatiese-Stille-Oseaan-kwalifisering vir die <a href="/wiki/T20I-w%C3%AAreldbeker_2024" title="T20I-wêreldbeker 2024">T20I-wêreldbeker 2024</a> in die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Verenigde State van Amerika">Verenigde State</a> en <a href="/wiki/Wes-Indi%C3%AB" title="Wes-Indië">Wes-Indië</a> wen.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Tydens die hooftoernooi se eerste rondte het hulle swak nederlae gely teen <a href="/wiki/Wes-Indiese_nasionale_krieketspan" title="Wes-Indiese nasionale krieketspan">Wes-Indië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ugandese_nasionale_krieketspan" title="Ugandese nasionale krieketspan">Uganda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghaanse_nasionale_krieketspan" title="Afghaanse nasionale krieketspan">Afghanistan</a> en <a href="/wiki/Nieu-Seelandse_nasionale_krieketspan" title="Nieu-Seelandse nasionale krieketspan">Nieu-Seeland</a>, waarmee hulle uitgeskakel is.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Die hoofstad Port Moresby was reeds gasheer van die Suid-Pasifiese Spele 1969, die Suid-Pasifiese Spele 1991 en die Pasifiese Spele 2015. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Onderwys">Onderwys</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Wysig afdeling: Onderwys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section's source code: Onderwys">wysig bron</a>]</div> ’n Groot deel van die bevolking is <a href="/wiki/Geletterdheid" title="Geletterdheid">ongeletterd</a>, waardeur oorwegend vroue geraak word.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Die meeste onderrig in Papoea-Nieu-Guinee word deur kerkinstellings aangebied.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Dit sluit 500 skole van die Evangelies-Lutherse Kerk van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee in.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Papoea-Nieu-Guinee beskik, onafhanklik van ander groot tersiêre instellings, oor ses universiteite. Die twee oudste universiteite in die land is die Universiteit van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee in die Nasionale Hoofstaddistrik,<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> en die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese Universiteit van Tegnologie buite Lae in die Morobe-provinsie. Die ander vier universiteite was eens kolleges en is gestig, nadat hulle erkenning deur die regering verkry het. Hulle is die Universiteit van Goroka in die Oostelike Hooglande, die Divine Word University (bestuur deur die Rooms-Katolieke “Geselskap van die Goddelike Woord”) in die Madang-provinsie, die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese Universiteit van Natuurlike Hulpbronne en Ontwikkeling in die Oos-Nieu-Brittanje-provinsie en die Pasifiese Adventiste Universiteit (bestuur deur die Sewendedagadventiste) in die Nasionale Hoofstaddistrik. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wetenskap_en_tegnologie">Wetenskap en tegnologie</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Wysig afdeling: Wetenskap en tegnologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section's source code: Wetenskap en tegnologie">wysig bron</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Unre_campus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Unre_campus.jpg/220px-Unre_campus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Unre_campus.jpg/330px-Unre_campus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Unre_campus.jpg/440px-Unre_campus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption>Die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese Universiteit van Natuurlike Hulpbronne en Ontwikkeling</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Port_Moresby_Intl_Airport_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Port_Moresby_Intl_Airport_2008.jpg/220px-Port_Moresby_Intl_Airport_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Port_Moresby_Intl_Airport_2008.jpg/330px-Port_Moresby_Intl_Airport_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Port_Moresby_Intl_Airport_2008.jpg/440px-Port_Moresby_Intl_Airport_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Die Jacksons Internasionale Lughawe</figcaption></figure> Papoea-Nieu-Guinee se National Vision 2050 is in 2009 goedgekeur. Dit het tot die stigting van die Raad vir Navorsing, Wetenskap en Tegnologie gelei. Tydens sy vergadering in November 2014 het dié raad weer die behoefte om op volhoubare ontwikkeling deur wetenskap en tegnologie te fokus beklemtoon.<a href="#cite_note-:0-103">[103]</a> Vision 2050 se mediumtermyn-prioriteite is:<a href="#cite_note-:0-103">[103]</a> <ul><li>opkomende industriële tegnologie vir stroomaf verwerking;</li> <li>infrastruktuurtegnologie vir die ekonomiese gange;</li> <li>kennisgebaseerde tegnologie;</li> <li>wetenskaplike en ingenieurswese-onderwys; en</li> <li>die doelwit om teen 2050 5% van die BBP in navorsing en ontwikkeling te belê. (Daar is geen onlangse data vir hierdie aanwyser nie.)</li></ul> Volgens Thomson Reuters se netwerk van wetenskap het Papoea-Nieu-Guinee die grootste aantal publikasies (110) onder die Pasifiese eilandstate in 2014, gevolg deur <a href="/wiki/Fidji" title="Fidji">Fidji</a> (106). Nege van tien wetenskaplike publikasies uit Papoea-Nieu-Guinee fokus op immunologie, genetika, biotegnologie en mikrobiologie. Nege van tien het ook medeskrywers van ander lande, veral Australië, die Verenigde State, die Verenigde Koninkryk, Spanje en Switserland.<a href="#cite_note-:0-103">[103]</a> Bosbou is ’n belangrike ekonomiese inkomste vir Papoea-Nieu-Guinee, maar dié bedryf gebruik lae en semi-intensiewe tegnologiese insette. Vervolgens is die produkreekse beperk tot gesaagde hout, fineer, laaghout, blokplate, gietvorm, pale en houtspaanders. Slegs enkele beperkte finale produkte word uitgevoer. Die gebreek aan outomatiese masjinerie, gepaard met onvoldoende opgeleide plaaslike tegniese personeel, is van die struikelblokke vir die bekendstelling van outomatiese masjinerie en ontwerp.<a href="#cite_note-:0-103">[103]</a> Hernubare energiebronne verteenwoordig twee derdes van die totale elektrisiteitsvoorsiening.<a href="#cite_note-:0-103">[103]</a> In 2015 het die Sekretariaat van die Pasifiese Gemeenskap waargeneem, dat, “terwyl Fidji, Papoea-Nieu-Guinea en Samoa die voortou neem met grootskaalse waterkragprojekte, daar enorme potensiaal [is] vir die ontplooiing van ander hernubare energie-opsies soos son-, wind-, geotermiese en oseaan-gebaseerde energiebronne”.<a href="#cite_note-:1-104">[104]</a> Die Europese Unie het die hernubare energie in die Pasifiese eilandstate se ontwikkeling van vaardigheids- en kapasiteitsprogram (EPIC) befonds. Sedert sy stigting in 2013 het die program ’n meestersprogram in bestuur van hernubare energie aan die Universiteit van Papoea-Nieu-Guinea ontwikkel en gehelp om ’n sentrum vir hernubare energie aan dieselfde universiteit te stig.<a href="#cite_note-:0-103">[103]</a> Papoea-Nieu-Guinea is een van die 15 begunstigdes van ’n program vir aanpassing aan klimaatsverandering en volhoubare energie ter waarde van €37,26 miljoen. Die program het ná die ondertekening van ’n ooreenkoms in Februarie 2014 tussen die Europese Unie en die Sekretariaat van die Pasifiese Gemeenskap ontstaan. Die ander begunstigdes is die <a href="/wiki/Cookeilande" title="Cookeilande">Cookeilande</a>, Fidji, <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a>, die <a href="/wiki/Marshalleilande" title="Marshalleilande">Marshalleilande</a>, die <a href="/wiki/Gefedereerde_State_van_Mikronesi%C3%AB" title="Gefedereerde State van Mikronesië">Gefedereerde State van Mikronesië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oos-Timor" title="Oos-Timor">Oos-Timor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a>, die <a href="/wiki/Salomonseilande" title="Salomonseilande">Salomonseilande</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a> en <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-103">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vervoer">Vervoer</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Wysig afdeling: Vervoer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section's source code: Vervoer">wysig bron</a>]</div> Vervoer in Papoea-Nieu-Guinea word sterk beperk deur die land se bergagtige terrein. Vervolgens is lugreise die belangrikste vorm van vervoer vir beide mens en vrag. Vliegtuie het dit moontlik gemaak om die land gedurende sy vroeë koloniale tydperk oop te stel. Tot vandag toe word die twee grootste stede, Port Moresby en Lae, slegs met vliegtuie direk verbind. Port Moresby is nie per pad met enige van die ander groot dorpe verbind nie, en baie afgeleë dorpies kan slegs per ligte vliegtuig of per voet bereik word. Jacksons Internasionale Lughawe is die belangrikste internasionale lughawe in Papoea-Nieu-Guinee en lê sowat 8 km buite Port Moresby. Benewens twee internasionale vliegvelde beskik Papoea-Nieu-Guinea oor 578 vliegbane, waarvan die meeste nie geplavei is nie.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings">wysig bron</a>]</div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-4" style="-moz-column-count: 4; -webkit-column-count: 4; column-count: 4; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> (en) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFSomare2004" class="citation web cs1">Somare, Michael (6 Desember 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080318055525/http://www.pm.gov.pg/pmsoffice/pmsoffice.nsf/pages/B6475E51C894229B4A256F6900141A4B?OpenDocument">"Stable Government, Investment Initiatives, and Economic Growth"</a>. Keynote address to the 8th Papua New Guinea Mining and Petroleum Conference. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pm.gov.pg/PMsOffice/PMsoffice.nsf/pages/B6475E51C894229B4A256F6900141A4B?OpenDocument">die oorspronklike</a> op 18 Maart 2008. Besoek op 9 Augustus 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Keynote+address+to+the+8th+Papua+New+Guinea+Mining+and+Petroleum+Conference&rft.atitle=Stable+Government%2C+Investment+Initiatives%2C+and+Economic+Growth&rft.date=2004-12-06&rft.aulast=Somare&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pm.gov.pg%2FPMsOffice%2FPMsoffice.nsf%2Fpages%2FB6475E51C894229B4A256F6900141A4B%3FOpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070713212154/http://www.thenational.com.pg/020606/w5.htm">"Never more to rise"</a>. The National. 6 Februarie 2006. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenational.com.pg/020606/w5.htm">die oorspronklike</a> op 13 Julie 2007. Besoek op 19 Januarie 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+National&rft.atitle=Never+more+to+rise&rft.date=2006-02-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenational.com.pg%2F020606%2Fw5.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA-3">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_3-0">3,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_3-1">3,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_3-2">3,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_3-3">3,3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_3-4">3,4</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/papua-new-guinea/">"Papua New Guinea"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. Besoek op 10 Maart 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Papua+New+Guinea&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fpapua-new-guinea%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/274199/sign-language-becomes-an-official-language-in-png">"Sign language becomes an official language in PNG"</a>. Radio New Zealand. 21 Mei 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190601180008/https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/274199/sign-language-becomes-an-official-language-in-png">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 1 Junie 2019. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sign+language+becomes+an+official+language+in+PNG&rft.pub=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.date=2015-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Finternational%2Fpacific-news%2F274199%2Fsign-language-becomes-an-official-language-in-png&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906090745/https://www.nso.gov.pg/index.php/document-library?view=download&fileId=65">"Final Figures Booklet"</a>. Papoea-Nieu-Guinese regering. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nso.gov.pg/index.php/document-library?view=download&fileId=65">die oorspronklike</a> op 6 September 2015. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Final+Figures+Booklet&rft.pub=Papoea-Nieu-Guinese+regering&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nso.gov.pg%2Findex.php%2Fdocument-library%3Fview%3Ddownload%26fileId%3D65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-imf2-6">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_6-0">6,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_6-1">6,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_6-2">6,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_6-3">6,3</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/April/weo-report?c=853,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2027&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"Papua New Guinea"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internasionale_Monet%C3%AAre_Fonds" title="Internasionale Monetêre Fonds">Internasionale Monetêre Fonds</a>. Oktober 2023. Besoek op 10 Maart 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Papua+New+Guinea&rft.pub=Internasionale+Monet%C3%AAre+Fonds&rft.date=2023-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2022%2FApril%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D853%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2020%26ey%3D2027%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf">"Human Development Report 2021/2022"</a> (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2021. Besoek op 10 Maart 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2021%2F2022&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=PG">"Gini index – Papua New Guinea"</a>. <a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAreldbank" title="Wêreldbank">Wêreldbank</a>. Besoek op 10 Maart 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gini+index+%E2%80%93+Papua+New+Guinea&rft.pub=W%C3%AAreldbank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSI.POV.GINI%3Flocations%3DPG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307210721/http://www.bt.com.bn/news-asia/2015/08/05/papua-new-guinea-keen-join-asean">"Papua New Guinea keen to join ASEAN"</a>. The Brunei Times. 7 Maart 2016. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bt.com.bn/news-asia/2015/08/05/papua-new-guinea-keen-join-asean">die oorspronklike</a> op 7 Maart 2016. Besoek op 7 Maart 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Papua+New+Guinea+keen+to+join+ASEAN&rft.pub=The+Brunei+Times&rft.date=2016-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bt.com.bn%2Fnews-asia%2F2015%2F08%2F05%2Fpapua-new-guinea-keen-join-asean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/country/PG">"Papua New Guinea"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191215004818/https://www.ethnologue.com/country/PG">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 15 Desember 2019. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Papua+New+Guinea&rft.pub=Ethnologue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fcountry%2FPG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tides-11"><a href="#cite_ref-tides_11-0">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFPickell,_DavidMüller,_Kal2002" class="citation book cs1">Pickell, David; Müller, Kal (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WUtz2hjvPvMC&pg=PA153">Between the Tides: A Fascinating Journey among the Kamoro of New Guinea</a>. Tuttle Publishing. p. 153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-7946-0072-3" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-7946-0072-3"><bdi>978-0-7946-0072-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Between+the+Tides%3A+A+Fascinating+Journey+among+the+Kamoro+of+New+Guinea&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=Tuttle+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7946-0072-3&rft.au=Pickell%2C+David&rft.au=M%C3%BCller%2C+Kal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWUtz2hjvPvMC%26pg%3DPA153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFO’Connell,_J._F.,_en_J._Allen2007" class="citation book cs1">O’Connell, J. F., en J. Allen (2007). Pre-LGM Sahul (Australia-New Guinea) and the archaeology of early modern humans – Rethinking the human revolution: new behavioural and biological perspectives on the origin and dispersal of modern humans. pp. 395–410.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pre-LGM+Sahul+%28Australia-New+Guinea%29+and+the+archaeology+of+early+modern+humans+%E2%80%93+Rethinking+the+human+revolution%3A+new+behavioural+and+biological+perspectives+on+the+origin+and+dispersal+of+modern+humans&rft.pages=395-410&rft.date=2007&rft.au=O%E2%80%99Connell%2C+J.+F.%2C+en+J.+Allen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_book" title="Sjabloon:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: AS1-onderhoud: meer as een naam (<a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud:_meer_as_een_naam" title="Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud: meer as een naam">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFDiamond,_J.1997" class="citation book cs1">Diamond, J. (Maart 1997). Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. W.W. Norton & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-393-03891-2" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-393-03891-2"><bdi>0-393-03891-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guns%2C+Germs%2C+and+Steel%3A+The+Fates+of+Human+Societies&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1997-03&rft.isbn=0-393-03891-2&rft.au=Diamond%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="Swadling" class="citation book cs1">Swadling, Pamela (1996). Plumes from Paradise. Papua New Guinea National Museum. p. 282. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-9980-85-103-1" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-9980-85-103-1"><bdi>978-9980-85-103-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plumes+from+Paradise&rft.pages=282&rft.pub=Papua+New+Guinea+National+Museum&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-9980-85-103-1&rft.aulast=Swadling&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFKnauft,_Bruce_M.1999" class="citation book cs1">Knauft, Bruce M. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=YM18gG16Z7YC&pg=PA103&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">From Primitive to Postcolonial in Melanesia and Anthropology</a>. University of Michigan Press. p. 103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-472-06687-0" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-472-06687-0"><bdi>0-472-06687-0</bdi></a>. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Primitive+to+Postcolonial+in+Melanesia+and+Anthropology&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-472-06687-0&rft.au=Knauft%2C+Bruce+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.de%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYM18gG16Z7YC%26pg%3DPA103%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/04/0410_030410_cannibal.html">"Cannibalism Normal For Early Humans?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic News</a>. 10 April 2003. Besoek op 10 April 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cannibalism+Normal+For+Early+Humans%3F&rft.pub=National+Geographic+News&rft.date=2003-04-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2003%2F04%2F0410_030410_cannibal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFGoldman,_Laurence1999" class="citation book cs1">Goldman, Laurence (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=QyiDClqjwSUC&pg=PA19&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">The Anthropology of Cannibalism</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-89789-596-7" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-89789-596-7"><bdi>0-89789-596-7</bdi></a>. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anthropology+of+Cannibalism&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-89789-596-7&rft.au=Goldman%2C+Laurence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.de%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQyiDClqjwSUC%26pg%3DPA19%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFTorgovnick,_Marianna1991" class="citation book cs1">Torgovnick, Marianna (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=iShh79cUbJkC&redir_esc=y">Gone Primitive: Savage Intellects, Modern Lives</a>. University of Chicago Press. p. 258. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-226-80832-7" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-226-80832-7"><bdi>0-226-80832-7</bdi></a>. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gone+Primitive%3A+Savage+Intellects%2C+Modern+Lives&rft.pages=258&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-226-80832-7&rft.au=Torgovnick%2C+Marianna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.de%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiShh79cUbJkC%26redir_esc%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="Swadling" class="citation book cs1">Swadling, Pamela (1996). Plumes from Paradise. Papua New Guinea National Museum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-9980-85-103-1" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-9980-85-103-1"><bdi>978-9980-85-103-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plumes+from+Paradise&rft.pub=Papua+New+Guinea+National+Museum&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-9980-85-103-1&rft.aulast=Swadling&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFFenton,_Damien" class="citation web cs1">Fenton, Damien. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090705115116/http://ajrp.awm.gov.au/ajrp/remember.nsf/pages/NT000027A2">"How many died? (QnA)"</a>. Australiese Oorlogsgedenkteken. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ajrp.awm.gov.au/ajrp/remember.nsf/pages/NT000027A2">die oorspronklike</a> op 5 Julie 2009. Besoek op 9 Augustus 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+many+died%3F+%28QnA%29&rft.pub=Australiese+Oorlogsgedenkteken&rft.au=Fenton%2C+Damien&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fajrp.awm.gov.au%2Fajrp%2Fremember.nsf%2Fpages%2FNT000027A2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/member-states/index.html">"Member States"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Nasies" title="Verenigde Nasies">Verenigde Nasies</a>. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Member+States&rft.pub=Verenigde+Nasies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fmember-states%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/international/radio/onairhighlights/428966">"New report doubles death toll on Bougainville to 20,000"</a>. Radio Australia. 19 Maart 2012. Besoek op 19 Maart 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+report+doubles+death+toll+on+Bougainville+to+20%2C000&rft.pub=Radio+Australia&rft.date=2012-03-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radioaustralia.net.au%2Finternational%2Fradio%2Fonairhighlights%2F428966&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFLyons2019" class="citation web cs1">Lyons, Kate (11 Desember 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/dec/11/bougainville-referendum-region-votes-overwhelmingly-for-independence-from-papua-new-guinea">"Bougainville referendum: region votes overwhelmingly for independence from Papua New Guinea"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Bougainville+referendum%3A+region+votes+overwhelmingly+for+independence+from+Papua+New+Guinea&rft.date=2019-12-11&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Lyons&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Fdec%2F11%2Fbougainville-referendum-region-votes-overwhelmingly-for-independence-from-papua-new-guinea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFCallick2009" class="citation journal cs1">Callick, Rowan (23 Mei 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/news/looters-shot-dead-amid-chaos-of-papua-new-guineas-anti-chinese-riots/story-e6frg6no-1225715006615">"Looters shot dead amid chaos of Papua New Guinea's anti-Chinese riots"</a>. The Australian. Besoek op 30 Junie 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=Looters+shot+dead+amid+chaos+of+Papua+New+Guinea%27s+anti-Chinese+riots&rft.date=2009-05-23&rft.aulast=Callick&rft.aufirst=Rowan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Farchive%2Fnews%2Flooters-shot-dead-amid-chaos-of-papua-new-guineas-anti-chinese-riots%2Fstory-e6frg6no-1225715006615&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/2009/08/11/overseas-and-under-siege">"Overseas and under siege"</a>. The Economist. 11 Augustus 2009. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Overseas+and+under+siege&rft.pub=The+Economist&rft.date=2009-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2F2009%2F08%2F11%2Foverseas-and-under-siege&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFRoy2018" class="citation web cs1">Roy, Eleanor Ainge (5 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/05/papua-new-guinea-earthquake-un-pulls-out-aid-workers-from-violence-hit-region">"Papua New Guinea earthquake: UN pulls out aid workers from violence-hit region"</a>. The Guardian. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Papua+New+Guinea+earthquake%3A+UN+pulls+out+aid+workers+from+violence-hit+region&rft.pub=The+Guardian&rft.date=2018-04-05&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Eleanor+Ainge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Fapr%2F05%2Fpapua-new-guinea-earthquake-un-pulls-out-aid-workers-from-violence-hit-region&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFRoy2018" class="citation web cs1">Roy, Eleanor Ainge (8 Maart 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/08/papua-new-guinea-earthquake-anger-grows-among-forgotten-victims">"Papua New Guinea earthquake: anger grows among 'forgotten victims'"</a>. The Guardian. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Papua+New+Guinea+earthquake%3A+anger+grows+among+%27forgotten+victims%27&rft.pub=The+Guardian&rft.date=2018-03-08&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Eleanor+Ainge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Fmar%2F08%2Fpapua-new-guinea-earthquake-anger-grows-among-forgotten-victims&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-world-atlas-28"><a href="#cite_ref-world-atlas_28-0">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171207094959/http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-are-the-island-countries-of-the-world.html">"Island Countries of the World"</a>. WorldAtlas.com. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-are-the-island-countries-of-the-world.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 7 Desember 2017. Besoek op 10 Augustus 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Island+Countries+of+the+World&rft.pub=WorldAtlas.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldatlas.com%2Farticles%2Fwhich-are-the-island-countries-of-the-world.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bordertreaty1974-29">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-bordertreaty1974_29-0">29,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bordertreaty1974_29-1">29,1</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226194402/http://www3.austlii.edu.au/au/other/dfat/treaties/1974/26.html">"Agreement between Australia and Indonesia concerning Certain Boundaries between Papua New Guinea and Indonesia (1974) ATS 26"</a>. Austraasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.austlii.edu.au/au/other/dfat/treaties/1974/26.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 26 Februarie 2021. Besoek op 19 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Agreement+between+Australia+and+Indonesia+concerning+Certain+Boundaries+between+Papua+New+Guinea+and+Indonesia+%281974%29+ATS+26&rft.pub=Austraasian+Legal+Information+Institute%2C+Australian+Treaties+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.austlii.edu.au%2Fau%2Fother%2Fdfat%2Ftreaties%2F1974%2F26.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-VanderVeur1966-30">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-VanderVeur1966_30-0">30,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-VanderVeur1966_30-1">30,1</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFVan_der_Veur2012" class="citation book cs1">Van der Veur, Paul W. (2012) [1966]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ie/books?id=ybLyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA2">Documents and Correspondence on New Guinea's Boundaries</a>. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. §§ A1, D1–D5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9789401537063" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9789401537063"><bdi>9789401537063</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Documents+and+Correspondence+on+New+Guinea%27s+Boundaries&rft.pages=%C2%A7%C2%A7+A1%2C+D1-D5&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9789401537063&rft.aulast=Van+der+Veur&rft.aufirst=Paul+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ie%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DybLyCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.austlii.edu.au/au/other/dfat/treaties/1985/4.html">"Treaty between Australia and the Independent State of Papua New Guinea concerning Sovereignty and Maritime Boundaries in the area between the two Countries, including the area known as Torres Strait, and Related Matters [1985] ATS 4"</a>. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Besoek op 19 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Treaty+between+Australia+and+the+Independent+State+of+Papua+New+Guinea+concerning+Sovereignty+and+Maritime+Boundaries+in+the+area+between+the+two+Countries%2C+including+the+area+known+as+Torres+Strait%2C+and+Related+Matters+%5B1985%5D+ATS+4&rft.pub=Australasian+Legal+Information+Institute%2C+Australian+Treaties+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.austlii.edu.au%2Fau%2Fother%2Fdfat%2Ftreaties%2F1985%2F4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFAustralian_Geographic2014" class="citation web cs1">Australian Geographic (7 Julie 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/news/2014/07/new-species-found-in-remote-png/">"New and rare species found in remote PNG"</a>. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+and+rare+species+found+in+remote+PNG&rft.date=2014-07-07&rft.au=Australian+Geographic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.australiangeographic.com.au%2Fnews%2F2014%2F07%2Fnew-species-found-in-remote-png%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FLII-Supplementary-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FLII-Supplementary_33-0">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFGranthamDuncanEvansJones2020" class="citation journal cs1">Grantham, H. S.; et al. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41467-020-19493-3">"Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material"</a>. Nature Communications. 11 (1). <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41467-020-19493-3">10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2041-1723">2041-1723</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&rft.atitle=Anthropogenic+modification+of+forests+means+only+40%25+of+remaining+forests+have+high+ecosystem+integrity+%E2%80%93+Supplementary+Material&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41467-020-19493-3&rft.issn=2041-1723&rft.aulast=Grantham&rft.aufirst=H.+S.&rft.au=Duncan%2C+A.&rft.au=Evans%2C+T.+D.&rft.au=Jones%2C+K.+R.&rft.au=Beyer%2C+H.+L.&rft.au=Schuster%2C+R.&rft.au=Walston%2C+J.&rft.au=Ray%2C+J.+C.&rft.au=Robinson%2C+J.+G.&rft.au=Callow%2C+M.&rft.au=Clements%2C+T.&rft.au=Costa%2C+H.+M.&rft.au=DeGemmis%2C+A.&rft.au=Elsen%2C+P.+R.&rft.au=Ervin%2C+J.&rft.au=Franco%2C+P.&rft.au=Goldman%2C+E.&rft.au=Goetz%2C+S.&rft.au=Hansen%2C+A.&rft.au=Hofsvang%2C+E.&rft.au=Jantz%2C+P.&rft.au=Jupiter%2C+S.&rft.au=Kang%2C+A.&rft.au=Langhammer%2C+P.&rft.au=Laurance%2C+W.+F.&rft.au=Lieberman%2C+S.&rft.au=Linkie%2C+M.&rft.au=Malhi%2C+Y.&rft.au=Maxwell%2C+S.&rft.au=Mendez%2C+M.&rft.au=Mittermeier%2C+R.&rft.au=Murray%2C+N.+J.&rft.au=Possingham%2C+H.&rft.au=Radachowsky%2C+J.&rft.au=Saatchi%2C+S.&rft.au=Samper%2C+C.&rft.au=Silverman%2C+J.&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+A.&rft.au=Strassburg%2C+B.&rft.au=Stevens%2C+T.&rft.au=Stokes%2C+E.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+R.&rft.au=Tear%2C+T.&rft.au=Tizard%2C+R.&rft.au=Venter%2C+O.&rft.au=Visconti%2C+P.&rft.au=Wang%2C+S.&rft.au=Watson%2C+J.+E.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fs41467-020-19493-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/jun/02/forests.conservation">"Satellite images show Papua New Guinea deforestation at critical level"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 2 Junie 2008. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Satellite+images+show+Papua+New+Guinea+deforestation+at+critical+level&rft.pub=The+Guardian&rft.date=2008-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2008%2Fjun%2F02%2Fforests.conservation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-06-02/satellite-images-uncover-rapid-png-deforestation/2456996">"Satellite images uncover rapid PNG deforestation"</a>. ABC News. 2 Junie 2008. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Satellite+images+uncover+rapid+PNG+deforestation&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft.date=2008-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2008-06-02%2Fsatellite-images-uncover-rapid-png-deforestation%2F2456996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/papua-new-guinea-earthquake-1.4551314">"Major earthquake strikes Papua New Guinea"</a>. CBC News. 25 Februarie 2018. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Major+earthquake+strikes+Papua+New+Guinea&rft.date=2018-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fpapua-new-guinea-earthquake-1.4551314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbs.com.au/news/state-of-emergency-declared-as-png-earthquake-toll-rises-to-31">"State of Emergency declared as PNG earthquake toll rises to 31"</a>. SBS News. Sydney, NSW. 1 Maart 2018. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SBS+News&rft.atitle=State+of+Emergency+declared+as+PNG+earthquake+toll+rises+to+31&rft.date=2018-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnews%2Fstate-of-emergency-declared-as-png-earthquake-toll-rises-to-31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBradford1997" class="citation book cs1">Bradford, Sarah (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elizabethbiograp00brad_0">Elizabeth: A Biography of Britain's Queen</a>. Riverhead Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-57322-600-4" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-57322-600-4"><bdi>978-1-57322-600-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elizabeth%3A+A+Biography+of+Britain%27s+Queen&rft.pub=Riverhead+Books&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-57322-600-4&rft.aulast=Bradford&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Felizabethbiograp00brad_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a> (en) Papua New Guinea Constitution Schedule 2.2.2 </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFNamorong2017" class="citation web cs1">Namorong, Martyn (3 Maart 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/namorong-report/can-the-next-png-government-do-better-on-west-papua-8a2259995236">"Can the next #PNG Government do better on West Papua?"</a>. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Can+the+next+%23PNG+Government+do+better+on+West+Papua%3F&rft.date=2017-03-03&rft.aulast=Namorong&rft.aufirst=Martyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2Fnamorong-report%2Fcan-the-next-png-government-do-better-on-west-papua-8a2259995236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFGawler2005" class="citation web cs1">Gawler, Virginia (19 Augustus 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sydney.edu.au/news/84.html?newsstoryid=651">"Report claims secret genocide in Indonesia"</a>. Universiteit van Sydney. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+claims+secret+genocide+in+Indonesia&rft.pub=Universiteit+van+Sydney&rft.date=2005-08-19&rft.aulast=Gawler&rft.aufirst=Virginia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsydney.edu.au%2Fnews%2F84.html%3Fnewsstoryid%3D651&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190730063457/https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/peopleandpower/2013/01/201313018313632585.html">"Goodbye Indonesia"</a>. Al-Jazeera. 31 Januarie 2013. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/peopleandpower/2013/01/201313018313632585.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 30 Julie 2019. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Jazeera&rft.atitle=Goodbye+Indonesia&rft.date=2013-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fprogrammes%2Fpeopleandpower%2F2013%2F01%2F201313018313632585.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFDohertyLamb2017" class="citation web cs1">Doherty, Ben; Lamb, Kate (30 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/30/west-papua-independence-petition-is-rebuffed-at-un">"West Papua independence petition is rebuffed at UN"</a>. The Guardian. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=West+Papua+independence+petition+is+rebuffed+at+UN&rft.pub=The+Guardian&rft.date=2017-09-30&rft.aulast=Doherty&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.au=Lamb%2C+Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fsep%2F30%2Fwest-papua-independence-petition-is-rebuffed-at-un&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson,_Helen2013" class="citation web cs1">Davidson, Helen (5 Julie 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/05/papua-new-guinea-abuse-clinic">"Médecins Sans Frontières opens Papua New Guinea clinic for abuse victims"</a>. The Guardian. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M%C3%A9decins+Sans+Fronti%C3%A8res+opens+Papua+New+Guinea+clinic+for+abuse+victims&rft.pub=The+Guardian&rft.date=2013-07-05&rft.au=Davidson%2C+Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2013%2Fjul%2F05%2Fpapua-new-guinea-abuse-clinic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson,_Helen2013" class="citation web cs1">Davidson, Helen (19 Julie 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/19/papua-new-guinea-spiralling-violence">"Papua New Guinea: a country suffering spiralling violence"</a>. The Guardian. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Papua+New+Guinea%3A+a+country+suffering+spiralling+violence&rft.pub=The+Guardian&rft.date=2013-07-19&rft.au=Davidson%2C+Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2013%2Fjul%2F19%2Fpapua-new-guinea-spiralling-violence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFJewkesFuluRoselliGarcia-Moreno2013" class="citation journal cs1">Jewkes, Rachel; Fulu, Emma; Roselli, Tim; Garcia-Moreno, Claudia (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS2214-109X%2813%2970069-X">"Prevalence of and factors associated with non-partner rape perpetration: findings from the UN Multi-country Cross-sectional Study on Men and Violence in Asia and the Pacific"</a>. The Lancet. 323 (4): e208-18. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS2214-109X%2813%2970069-X">10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70069-X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25104346">25104346</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+and+factors+associated+with+non-partner+rape+perpetration%3A+findings+from+the+UN+Multi-country+Cross-sectional+Study+on+Men+and+Violence+in+Asia+and+the+Pacific&rft.volume=323&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=e208-18&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS2214-109X%2813%2970069-X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25104346&rft.aulast=Jewkes&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft.au=Fulu%2C+Emma&rft.au=Roselli%2C+Tim&rft.au=Garcia-Moreno%2C+Claudia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252FS2214-109X%252813%252970069-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNICEF2-47"><a href="#cite_ref-UNICEF2_47-0">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180614094336/https://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/papuang_45211.html">"UNICEF strives to help Papua New Guinea break cycle of violence"</a>. <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a>. 18 Augustus 2008. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/papuang_45211.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 14 Junie 2018. Besoek op 26 Februarie 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNICEF+strives+to+help+Papua+New+Guinea+break+cycle+of+violence&rft.pub=UNICEF&rft.date=2008-08-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicef.org%2Finfobycountry%2Fpapuang_45211.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFWiseman_H2013" class="citation web cs1">Wiseman H (Augustus 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150827092248/https://www.childfund.org.au/sites/default/files/publications/Stop%20Violence%20Against%20Women%20and%20Children%20in%20PNG%202013.pdf">"Stop Violence Against Women and Children in Papua New Guinea"</a> (PDF). ChildFund. p. 5. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.childfund.org.au/sites/default/files/publications/Stop%20Violence%20Against%20Women%20and%20Children%20in%20PNG%202013.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> (PDF) op 27 Augustus 2015. Besoek op 18 Mei 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stop+Violence+Against+Women+and+Children+in+Papua+New+Guinea&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=ChildFund&rft.date=2013-08&rft.au=Wiseman+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.childfund.org.au%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublications%2FStop%2520Violence%2520Against%2520Women%2520and%2520Children%2520in%2520PNG%25202013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-22698668">"PNG repeals sorcery law and expands death penalty"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 29 Mei 2013. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PNG+repeals+sorcery+law+and+expands+death+penalty&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2013-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-22698668&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/43895m/papua-new-guineas-sorcery-refugees-women-accused-of-witchcraft-flee-homes-to-escape-violence">"Papua New Guinea's 'Sorcery Refugees': Women Accused of Witchcraft Flee Homes to Escape Violence"</a>. Vice News. 6 Januarie 2015. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Papua+New+Guinea%27s+%27Sorcery+Refugees%27%3A+Women+Accused+of+Witchcraft+Flee+Homes+to+Escape+Violence&rft.pub=Vice+News&rft.date=2015-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen_us%2Farticle%2F43895m%2Fpapua-new-guineas-sorcery-refugees-women-accused-of-witchcraft-flee-homes-to-escape-violence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/world/gay-rights/">"The state of gay rights around the world"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. 14 Junie 2016. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+state+of+gay+rights+around+the+world&rft.pub=The+Washington+Post&rft.date=2016-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fgraphics%2Fworld%2Fgay-rights%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFKolo,_Pearson2009" class="citation web cs1">Kolo, Pearson (15 Julie 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110616211904/http://www.postcourier.com.pg/20090715/news05.htm">"Jiwaka, Hela set to go!"</a>. Postcourier.com.pg. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.postcourier.com.pg/20090715/news05.htm">die oorspronklike</a> op 16 Junie 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jiwaka%2C+Hela+set+to+go%21&rft.pub=Postcourier.com.pg&rft.date=2009-07-15&rft.au=Kolo%2C+Pearson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.postcourier.com.pg%2F20090715%2Fnews05.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenational.com.pg/?q=node/33043">"Hela, Jiwaka declared"</a>. The National (Papua New Guinea). 17 Mei 2012. Besoek op 18 Mei 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hela%2C+Jiwaka+declared&rft.pub=The+National+%28Papua+New+Guinea%29&rft.date=2012-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenational.com.pg%2F%3Fq%3Dnode%2F33043&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFGorethy2021" class="citation web cs1">Gorethy, Kenneth (7 Februarie 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://postcourier.com.pg/bville-referendum-dates-changed/">"B'ville Referendum Dates Changed"</a>. Papua New Guinea Post-Courier. Besoek op 23 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=B%27ville+Referendum+Dates+Changed&rft.pub=Papua+New+Guinea+Post-Courier&rft.date=2021-02-07&rft.aulast=Gorethy&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpostcourier.com.pg%2Fbville-referendum-dates-changed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/384471/bougainville-referendum-not-binding-pm">"Bougainville referendum not binding – PM"</a>. Radio New Zealand. 11 Maart 2019. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bougainville+referendum+not+binding+%E2%80%93+PM&rft.pub=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.date=2019-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Finternational%2Fpacific-news%2F384471%2Fbougainville-referendum-not-binding-pm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFWestbrook2019" class="citation web cs1">Westbrook, Tom (1 Maart 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-papua-bougainville-idUSKCN1QI3XI">"Bougainville independence vote delayed to October"</a>. Reuters. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Bougainville+independence+vote+delayed+to+October&rft.date=2019-03-01&rft.aulast=Westbrook&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-papua-bougainville-idUSKCN1QI3XI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-50739203">"Bougainville referendum: PNG region votes overwhelmingly for independence"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 11 Desember 2019. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bougainville+referendum%3A+PNG+region+votes+overwhelmingly+for+independence&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2019-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-50739203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Matzke-58"><a href="#cite_ref-Matzke_58-0">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMatzke,_R.H.,_Smith,_J.G.,_en_Foo,_W.K.1992" class="citation book cs1">Matzke, R.H., Smith, J.G., en Foo, W.K. (1992). Iagifu/Hedinia Field, In Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade, 1978–1988. p. 471. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-89181-333-0" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-89181-333-0"><bdi>0-89181-333-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iagifu%2FHedinia+Field%2C+In+Giant+Oil+and+Gas+Fields+of+the+Decade%2C+1978%E2%80%931988&rft.pages=471&rft.pub=American+Association+of+Petroleum+Geologists&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-89181-333-0&rft.au=Matzke%2C+R.H.%2C+Smith%2C+J.G.%2C+en+Foo%2C+W.K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_book" title="Sjabloon:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Hulp:AS1-foute#periodical_ignored" title="Hulp:AS1-foute">hulp</a>)AS1-onderhoud: meer as een naam (<a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud:_meer_as_een_naam" title="Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud: meer as een naam">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/PNG/WEO">"Papua New Guinea"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internasionale_Monet%C3%AAre_Fonds" title="Internasionale Monetêre Fonds">Internasionale Monetêre Fonds</a>. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Papua+New+Guinea&rft.pub=Internasionale+Monet%C3%AAre+Fonds&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fdatamapper%2Fprofile%2FPNG%2FWEO&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Exxon-60">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Exxon_60-0">60,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Exxon_60-1">60,1</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://corporate.exxonmobil.com/en/company/worldwide-operations/locations/papua-new-guinea">"Papua New Guinea"</a>. ExxonMobil. Besoek op 13 Januarie 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Papua+New+Guinea&rft.pub=ExxonMobil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcorporate.exxonmobil.com%2Fen%2Fcompany%2Fworldwide-operations%2Flocations%2Fpapua-new-guinea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21724425-loyalty-clan-impedes-party-politics-voters-papua-new-guinea-head-polls">"Voters in Papua New Guinea head to the polls"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. 29 Junie 2017. Besoek op 30 Junie 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Voters+in+Papua+New+Guinea+head+to+the+polls&rft.date=2017-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Fasia%2F21724425-loyalty-clan-impedes-party-politics-voters-papua-new-guinea-head-polls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150406051731/http://www.pnglng.com/project/index.htm">"Project Overview"</a>. pnglng.com. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnglng.com/project/index.htm">die oorspronklike</a> op 6 April 2015. Besoek op 27 Julie 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Project+Overview&rft.pub=pnglng.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnglng.com%2Fproject%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFJames,_P.;_Nadarajah,_Y.;_Haive,_K._en_Stead,_V.2012" class="citation web cs1">James, P.; Nadarajah, Y.; Haive, K. en Stead, V. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uhpress.hawaii.edu/p-8630-9780824836405.aspx">"Sustainable Communities, Sustainable Development: Other Paths for Papua New Guinea"</a>. Honolulu, University of Hawaii Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sustainable+Communities%2C+Sustainable+Development%3A+Other+Paths+for+Papua+New+Guinea&rft.pub=Honolulu%2C+University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.au=James%2C+P.%3B+Nadarajah%2C+Y.%3B+Haive%2C+K.+en+Stead%2C+V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uhpress.hawaii.edu%2Fp-8630-9780824836405.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_web" title="Sjabloon:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: AS1-onderhoud: meer as een naam (<a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud:_meer_as_een_naam" title="Kategorie:AS1-onderhoud: meer as een naam">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inapng.com/pdf_files/Private%20Sector%20Report%20Final%2012Feb.pdf">"The Business and Investment Environment in Papua New Guinea 2012: Private Sector Perspektive"</a> (PDF). Instituut van Nasionale Sake. 2013. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Business+and+Investment+Environment+in+Papua+New+Guinea+2012%3A+Private+Sector+Perspektive&rft.pub=Instituut+van+Nasionale+Sake&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inapng.com%2Fpdf_files%2FPrivate%2520Sector%2520Report%2520Final%252012Feb.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFArmitage,_Lynne" class="citation web cs1">Armitage, Lynne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021051000/https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/4322696?versionId=5073451">"Customary Land Tenure in Papua New Guinea: Status and Prospects"</a>. Queensland University of Technology. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/4322696?versionId=5073451">die oorspronklike</a> op 21 Oktober 2020. Besoek op 15 Julie 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Customary+Land+Tenure+in+Papua+New+Guinea%3A+Status+and+Prospects&rft.pub=Queensland+University+of+Technology&rft.au=Armitage%2C+Lynne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fwork%2F4322696%3FversionId%3D5073451&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a> (pt) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFHBW_International_Inc.2003" class="citation web cs1">HBW International Inc. (10 September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070925201815/http://www.mj.gov.tl/dntp/rel/DATA/LLP%20I/ARD%20Reports%20and%20studies/Compartive%20Study/Comparative%20study%20by%20HBW%20Inc.pdf">"Facilitating Foreign Investment through Property Lease Options"</a> (PDF). Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mj.gov.tl/dntp/rel/DATA/LLP%20I/ARD%20Reports%20and%20studies/Compartive%20Study/Comparative%20study%20by%20HBW%20Inc.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> (PDF) op 25 September 2007. Besoek op 28 Augustus 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Facilitating+Foreign+Investment+through+Property+Lease+Options&rft.date=2003-09-10&rft.au=HBW+International+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mj.gov.tl%2Fdntp%2Frel%2FDATA%2FLLP%2520I%2FARD%2520Reports%2520and%2520studies%2FCompartive%2520Study%2FComparative%2520study%2520by%2520HBW%2520Inc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://population.un.org/wpp/">""World Population prospects – Population division""</a>. population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=population.un.org&rft.atitle=%22World+Population+prospects+%E2%80%93+Population+division%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulation.un.org%2Fwpp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx">""Overall total population" – World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision"</a>. population.un.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=population.un.org&rft.atitle=%22Overall+total+population%22+%E2%80%93+World+Population+Prospects%3A+The+2019+Revision&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulation.un.org%2Fwpp%2FDownload%2FFiles%2F1_Indicators%2520%28Standard%29%2FEXCEL_FILES%2F1_Population%2FWPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/">"Total Population-Both Sexes (XLSX, 2.4 MB)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Nasies" title="Verenigde Nasies">Verenigde Nasies</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Total+Population-Both+Sexes+%28XLSX%2C+2.4+MB%29&rft.pub=Verenigde+Nasies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulation.un.org%2Fwpp%2FDownload%2FStandard%2FPopulation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fearon-70"><a href="#cite_ref-fearon_70-0">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Fearon2003" class="citation journal cs1">James Fearon (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512112705/http://telematica.politicas.unam.mx/biblioteca/archivos/040107017.pdf">"Ethnic and Cultural Diversity by Country"</a> (PDF). Journal of Economic Growth. 8 (2): 195–222. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1024419522867">10.1023/A:1024419522867</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:152680631">152680631</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://telematica.politicas.unam.mx/biblioteca/archivos/040107017.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> (PDF) op 12 Mei 2013. Besoek op 15 Maart 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Growth&rft.atitle=Ethnic+and+Cultural+Diversity+by+Country&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=195-222&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1024419522867&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A152680631%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=James+Fearon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftelematica.politicas.unam.mx%2Fbiblioteca%2Farchivos%2F040107017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20120907215110/www.news.com.au/story/0,27574,25488721-401,00.html">"Chinese targeted in PNG riots – report"</a>. News.com.au. 15 Mei 2009. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/story/0,27574,25488721-401,00.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 7 September 2012. Besoek op 15 Mei 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chinese+targeted+in+PNG+riots+%E2%80%93+report&rft.pub=News.com.au&rft.date=2009-05-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fstory%2F0%2C27574%2C25488721-401%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Papua-New-Guinea">"Papua New Guinea"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Papua+New+Guinea&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FPapua-New-Guinea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lonelyplanet.com/papua-new-guinea/background/history/a/nar/4b6acae7-2395-42d7-99f4-9f1f8ca24814/362825">"History in Papua New Guinea"</a>. Lonely Planet. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+in+Papua+New+Guinea&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lonelyplanet.com%2Fpapua-new-guinea%2Fbackground%2Fhistory%2Fa%2Fnar%2F4b6acae7-2395-42d7-99f4-9f1f8ca24814%2F362825&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFSeetharaman2017" class="citation web cs1">Seetharaman, G. (13 Augustus 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/seven-decades-after-independence-many-small-languages-in-india-facing-extinction-threat/articleshow/60038323.cms">"Seven decades after Independence, many small languages in India face extinction threat"</a>. The Economic Times. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seven+decades+after+Independence%2C+many+small+languages+in+India+face+extinction+threat&rft.pub=The+Economic+Times&rft.date=2017-08-13&rft.aulast=Seetharaman&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics-and-nation%2Fseven-decades-after-independence-many-small-languages-in-india-facing-extinction-threat%2Farticleshow%2F60038323.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pangeanic.com/knowledge_center/country-with-the-highest-level-of-language-diversity-papua-new-guinea/#">"The country with the highest level of language diversity: Papua New Guinea"</a>. Pangeanic Translations. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+country+with+the+highest+level+of+language+diversity%3A+Papua+New+Guinea&rft.pub=Pangeanic+Translations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pangeanic.com%2Fknowledge_center%2Fcountry-with-the-highest-level-of-language-diversity-papua-new-guinea%2F%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFFèlix_MartiPaul_OrtegaItziar_IdiazabalAndoni_Barrenha2005" class="citation book cs1">Fèlix Marti; Paul Ortega; Itziar Idiazabal; Andoni Barrenha; Patxi Juaristi; Carme Junyent; Belen Uranga; Estibaliz Amorrortu (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explore.rero.ch/fr_CH/rero/result/L/VlRMU19SRVJPUjAwNjUwMjE2Ng==">Words and worlds : world languages review</a>. Multilingual Matters. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/1-85359-827-5" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/1-85359-827-5"><bdi>1-85359-827-5</bdi></a>. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Words+and+worlds+%3A+world+languages+review&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Multilingual+Matters&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-85359-827-5&rft.au=F%C3%A8lix+Marti&rft.au=Paul+Ortega&rft.au=Itziar+Idiazabal&rft.au=Andoni+Barrenha&rft.au=Patxi+Juaristi&rft.au=Carme+Junyent&rft.au=Belen+Uranga&rft.au=Estibaliz+Amorrortu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.rero.ch%2Ffr_CH%2Frero%2Fresult%2FL%2FVlRMU19SRVJPUjAwNjUwMjE2Ng%3D%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/645716/languages-on-papua-vanish-without-a-whisper">"Languages on Papua vanish without a whisper"</a>. Dawn.com. 21 Julie 2011. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Languages+on+Papua+vanish+without+a+whisper&rft.pub=Dawn.com&rft.date=2011-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F645716%2Flanguages-on-papua-vanish-without-a-whisper&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/countries/png/">"Papua New Guinea"</a>. <a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAreldgesondheidsorganisasie" title="Wêreldgesondheidsorganisasie">Wêreldgesondheidsorganisasie</a>. 2018. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Papua+New+Guinea&rft.pub=W%C3%AAreldgesondheidsorganisasie&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fcountries%2Fpng%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/data_sheets/cty_ds_PNG.html">"Human Development Report 2009"</a>. Besoek op 19 Februarie 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdrstats.undp.org%2Fen%2Fcountries%2Fdata_sheets%2Fcty_ds_PNG.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SOWMY-80"><a href="#cite_ref-SOWMY_80-0">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121005172548/http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/resources/docs/country_info/profile/en_PapuaNewGuinea_SoWMy_Profile.pdf">"The State of the World's Midwifery – Papua New Guinea"</a> (PDF). United Nations Population Fund. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/resources/docs/country_info/profile/en_PapuaNewGuinea_SoWMy_Profile.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> (PDF) op 5 Oktober 2012. Besoek op 15 Oktober 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+State+of+the+World%27s+Midwifery+%E2%80%93+Papua+New+Guinea&rft.pub=United+Nations+Population+Fund&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unfpa.org%2Fsowmy%2Fresources%2Fdocs%2Fcountry_info%2Fprofile%2Fen_PapuaNewGuinea_SoWMy_Profile.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2003/24317.htm">"Papua New Guinea"</a>. International Religious Freedom Report 2003. US Department of State. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Religious+Freedom+Report+2003&rft.atitle=Papua+New+Guinea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2001-2009.state.gov%2Fg%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Firf%2F2003%2F24317.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2007/90150.htm">"Papua New Guinea"</a>. U.S. Department of State. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Department+of+State&rft.atitle=Papua+New+Guinea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fj%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Firf%2F2007%2F90150.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224033901/https://asopa.typepad.com/files/islam-in-png.pdf">"Islam in Papua New Guinea"</a> (PDF). Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asopa.typepad.com/files/islam-in-png.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> (PDF) op 24 Februarie 2021. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Islam+in+Papua+New+Guinea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasopa.typepad.com%2Ffiles%2Fislam-in-png.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFSalak,_Kira2004" class="citation book cs1">Salak, Kira (2004). Four Corners: A Journey into the Heart of Papua New Guinea. <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-7922-7417-9" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-7922-7417-9"><bdi>978-0-7922-7417-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Four+Corners%3A+A+Journey+into+the+Heart+of+Papua+New+Guinea&rft.pub=National+Geographic+Society&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7922-7417-9&rft.au=Salak%2C+Kira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050501223522/http://coombs.anu.edu.au/SpecialProj/PNG/MIHALIC/M2/LetterP/puripuri.htm">"puripuri"</a>. coombs.anu.edu.au. 26 Januarie 2005. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://coombs.anu.edu.au/SpecialProj/PNG/MIHALIC/M2/LetterP/puripuri.htm">die oorspronklike</a> op 1 Mei 2005. Besoek op 26 Januarie 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=puripuri&rft.pub=coombs.anu.edu.au&rft.date=2005-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcoombs.anu.edu.au%2FSpecialProj%2FPNG%2FMIHALIC%2FM2%2FLetterP%2Fpuripuri.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990210114159/http://www.datec.com.au/png/culture.htm">"Papua New Guinea – culture"</a>. Datec Pty Ltd. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.datec.com.au/png/culture.htm">die oorspronklike</a> op 10 Februarie 1999. Besoek op 16 Desember 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Datec+Pty+Ltd&rft.atitle=Papua+New+Guinea+%E2%80%93+culture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.datec.com.au%2Fpng%2Fculture.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/887">"Kuk Early Agricultural Site"</a>. <a href="/wiki/W%C3%AArelderfenisgebied" title="Wêrelderfenisgebied">Wêrelderfenisgebiede</a>. <a href="/wiki/Unesco" title="Unesco">Unesco</a>. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=W%C3%AArelderfenisgebiede&rft.atitle=Kuk+Early+Agricultural+Site&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F887&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/papua-new-guinea-PG">"Papua New Guinea – intangible heritage – Culture Sector – UNESCO"</a>. Verteenwoordigende lys van die ontasbare kulturele erfenis van die mensdom. <a href="/wiki/Unesco" title="Unesco">Unesco</a>. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Verteenwoordigende+lys+van+die+ontasbare+kulturele+erfenis+van+die+mensdom&rft.atitle=Papua+New+Guinea+%E2%80%93+intangible+heritage+%E2%80%93+Culture+Sector+%E2%80%93+UNESCO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fich.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fstate%2Fpapua-new-guinea-PG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFHadfield1995" class="citation web cs1">Hadfield, Dave (8 Oktober 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200519151544/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/island-gods-high-in-a-dream-world-1576603.html">"Island gods high in a dream world"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" class="mw-disambig" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/island-gods-high-in-a-dream-world-1576603.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 19 Mei 2020. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Island+gods+high+in+a+dream+world&rft.pub=The+Independent&rft.date=1995-10-08&rft.aulast=Hadfield&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fsport%2Fisland-gods-high-in-a-dream-world-1576603.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_league/7671217.stm">"PNG vow to upset World Cup odds"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 15 Oktober 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190515044325/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_league/7671217.stm">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 15 Mei 2019. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PNG+vow+to+upset+World+Cup+odds&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2008-10-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport2%2Fhi%2Frugby_league%2F7671217.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_league/8336567.stm">"PNG seal 2010 Four Nations place"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 1 November 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200328095805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_league/8336567.stm">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 28 Maart 2020. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PNG+seal+2010+Four+Nations+place&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2009-11-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport2%2Fhi%2Frugby_league%2F8336567.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/world/three-dead-in-png-after-state-of-origin-violence-20090626-cywd.html">"Three dead in PNG after State of Origin violence"</a>. BrisbaneTimes.com.au. 26 Junie 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180704005733/https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/world/three-dead-in-png-after-state-of-origin-violence-20090626-cywd.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 4 Julie 2018. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Three+dead+in+PNG+after+State+of+Origin+violence&rft.pub=BrisbaneTimes.com.au&rft.date=2009-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brisbanetimes.com.au%2Fworld%2Fthree-dead-in-png-after-state-of-origin-violence-20090626-cywd.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/1198795">"Papua New Guinea secure top-four finish on dramatic final day"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Internasionale_Krieketraad" title="Internasionale Krieketraad">Internasionale Krieketraad</a>. 26 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190426171011/https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/1198795">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 26 April 2019. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Papua+New+Guinea+secure+top-four+finish+on+dramatic+final+day&rft.pub=Internasionale+Krieketraad&rft.date=2019-04-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cricket.com%2Fmedia-releases%2F1198795&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8040/report/1199536/kenya-vs-papua-new-guinea-38th-match-group-a-icc-mens-t20-world-cup-qualifier-2019-20">"Vanua, Bau dig PNG out of 19 for 6 hole to seal T20 World Cup qualification"</a>. ESPNcricinfo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191212112958/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8040/report/1199536/kenya-vs-papua-new-guinea-38th-match-group-a-icc-mens-t20-world-cup-qualifier-2019-20">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 12 Desember 2019. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vanua%2C+Bau+dig+PNG+out+of+19+for+6+hole+to+seal+T20+World+Cup+qualification&rft.pub=ESPNcricinfo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Fseries%2F8040%2Freport%2F1199536%2Fkenya-vs-papua-new-guinea-38th-match-group-a-icc-mens-t20-world-cup-qualifier-2019-20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/27980435/papua-new-guinea-rise-associate-cricket-heroes">"Papua New Guinea's rise as Associate cricket's heroes"</a>. ESPNcricinfo. 1 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191216162834/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/27980435/papua-new-guinea-rise-associate-cricket-heroes">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 16 Desember 2019. Besoek op 7 Februarie 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Papua+New+Guinea%27s+rise+as+Associate+cricket%27s+heroes&rft.pub=ESPNcricinfo&rft.date=2019-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Fstory%2F_%2Fid%2F27980435%2Fpapua-new-guinea-rise-associate-cricket-heroes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2021-22-1267897/bangladesh-vs-papua-new-guinea-9th-match-first-round-group-b-1273720/match-report">"Shakib, Mahmudullah star as Bangladesh rout PNG to seal spot in Super 12s"</a>. ESPNcricinfo. Besoek op 18 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shakib%2C+Mahmudullah+star+as+Bangladesh+rout+PNG+to+seal+spot+in+Super+12s&rft.pub=ESPNcricinfo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Fseries%2Ficc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2021-22-1267897%2Fbangladesh-vs-papua-new-guinea-9th-match-first-round-group-b-1273720%2Fmatch-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/2024-mens-t20-world-cup-papua-new-guinea-qualify-from-east-asia-pacific-region-1389780">"Papua New Guinea qualify for 2024 Men's T20 World Cup"</a>. ESPNcricinfo. 27 Julie 2023. Besoek op 18 Junie 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Papua+New+Guinea+qualify+for+2024+Men%27s+T20+World+Cup&rft.pub=ESPNcricinfo&rft.date=2023-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Fstory%2F2024-mens-t20-world-cup-papua-new-guinea-qualify-from-east-asia-pacific-region-1389780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFVithushan_Ehantharajah2024" class="citation web cs1">Vithushan Ehantharajah (17 Junie 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2024-1411166/new-zealand-vs-papua-new-guinea-39th-match-group-c-1415739/match-report">"Ferguson's incredible 4-4-0-3 helps NZ exit T20 World Cup on a high"</a>. ESPNcricinfo. Besoek op 18 Junie 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ferguson%27s+incredible+4-4-0-3+helps+NZ+exit+T20+World+Cup+on+a+high&rft.pub=ESPNcricinfo&rft.date=2024-06-17&rft.au=Vithushan+Ehantharajah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Fseries%2Ficc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2024-1411166%2Fnew-zealand-vs-papua-new-guinea-39th-match-group-c-1415739%2Fmatch-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090429193232/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/data_sheets/cty_ds_PNG.html">"Papua New Guinea HDI Rank – 145"</a>. 2007/2008 Human Development Report, Hdrstats.undp.org. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/data_sheets/cty_ds_PNG.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 29 April 2009. Besoek op 27 Junie 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2007%2F2008+Human+Development+Report%2C+Hdrstats.undp.org&rft.atitle=Papua+New+Guinea+HDI+Rank+%E2%80%93+145&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdrstats.undp.org%2Fen%2Fcountries%2Fdata_sheets%2Fcty_ds_PNG.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">↑</a> (de) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kirche-in-not.de/aktuelle-meldungen/2009/03-06-papua-neuguinea-weltgebetstag-frauen-2009">"Kichte-in-not.de"</a>. Kirche-in-not.de. 6 Maart 2009. Besoek op 27 Junie 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kichte-in-not.de&rft.pub=Kirche-in-not.de&rft.date=2009-03-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirche-in-not.de%2Faktuelle-meldungen%2F2009%2F03-06-papua-neuguinea-weltgebetstag-frauen-2009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">↑</a> (de) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101231014835/http://www.nmz-mission.de/de.partner/de.papua-neuguinea/de.papua-neuguinea.2/index.html">"Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche in Papua-Neuguinea"</a>. NMZ-mission.de. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nmz-mission.de/de.partner/de.papua-neuguinea/de.papua-neuguinea.2/index.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 31 Desember 2010. Besoek op 27 Junie 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Evangelisch-Lutherische+Kirche+in+Papua-Neuguinea&rft.pub=NMZ-mission.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nmz-mission.de%2Fde.partner%2Fde.papua-neuguinea%2Fde.papua-neuguinea.2%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFVahau,_Alfred2007" class="citation web cs1">Vahau, Alfred (5 Januarie 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090105194656/http://www.upng.ac.pg/index.html">"University of Papua New Guinea"</a>. Upng.ac.pg. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upng.ac.pg/index.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 5 Januarie 2009. Besoek op 27 Junie 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+of+Papua+New+Guinea&rft.pub=Upng.ac.pg&rft.date=2007-01-05&rft.au=Vahau%2C+Alfred&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upng.ac.pg%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-103">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_103-0">103,0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_103-1">103,1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_103-2">103,2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_103-3">103,3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_103-4">103,4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_103-5">103,5</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_103-6">103,6</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002354/235406e.pdf">UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030</a> (PDF). Parys: <a href="/wiki/Unesco" title="Unesco">Unesco</a>. 2015. pp. 693–731. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-92-3-100129-1" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-92-3-100129-1"><bdi>978-92-3-100129-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=UNESCO+Science+Report%3A+towards+2030&rft.place=Parys&rft.pages=693-731&rft.pub=Unesco&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-92-3-100129-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funesdoc.unesco.org%2Fimages%2F0023%2F002354%2F235406e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-104"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_104-0">↑</a> (en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spc.int/edd/fr/section-01/energy-overview/energy?start=12">"Pacific-first centre of excellence for renewable energy and energy efficiency takes shape"</a>. Sekretariaat van die Pasifiese Gemeenskap. 18 Junie 2015. Besoek op 17 Maart 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sekretariaat+van+die+Pasifiese+Gemeenskap&rft.atitle=Pacific-first+centre+of+excellence+for+renewable+energy+and+energy+efficiency+takes+shape&rft.date=2015-06-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spc.int%2Fedd%2Ffr%2Fsection-01%2Fenergy-overview%2Fenergy%3Fstart%3D12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronnelys">Bronnelys</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Wysig afdeling: Bronnelys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section's source code: Bronnelys">wysig bron</a>]</div> <dl><dt>Algemeen</dt></dl> <ul><li>(en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Papua-New-Guinea">"Papua New Guinea"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Besoek op 10 Maart 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Papua+New+Guinea&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FPapua-New-Guinea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"></li> <li>(en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/papua-new-guinea/">"Papua New Guinea"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. Besoek op 10 Maart 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Papua+New+Guinea&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fpapua-new-guinea%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verdere_leesstof">Verdere leesstof</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Wysig afdeling: Verdere leesstof" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section's source code: Verdere leesstof">wysig bron</a>]</div> <ul><li>(en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFJamesNadarajahHaiveStead2012" class="citation book cs1">James, Paul; Nadarajah, Yaso; Haive, Karen; Stead, Victoria (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/3230875">Sustainable Communities, Sustainable Development: Other Paths for Papua New Guinea</a>. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sustainable+Communities%2C+Sustainable+Development%3A+Other+Paths+for+Papua+New+Guinea&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Nadarajah%2C+Yaso&rft.au=Haive%2C+Karen&rft.au=Stead%2C+Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F3230875&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"></li> <li>(en) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="Swadling" class="citation book cs1">Swadling, Pamela (1996). Plumes from Paradise. Papua New Guinea National Museum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-9980-85-103-1" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-9980-85-103-1"><bdi>978-9980-85-103-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plumes+from+Paradise&rft.pub=Papua+New+Guinea+National+Museum&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-9980-85-103-1&rft.aulast=Swadling&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APapoea-Nieu-Guinee" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">wysig</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papoea-Nieu-Guinee&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels">wysig bron</a>]</div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons bevat media in verband met <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Papua_New_Guinea" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Papua New Guinea">Papoea-Nieu-Guinee</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>(en) Toerisme-inligting oor <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea">Papoea-Nieu-Guinee</a> op <a href="/wiki/Wikivoyage" title="Wikivoyage">Wikivoyage</a></li> <li>(en) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.gov.pg/">Amptelike webwerf van die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese parlement</a></li> <li>(en) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pm.gov.pg/">Amptelike webwerf van die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese eerste minister</a></li> <li>(en) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nefc.gov.pg/">Amptelike webwerf van die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese Nasionale Ekonomiese en Fiskale Kommissie</a></li></ul> <table class="navbox" style="text-align: center; width:80%; font-size:95%; margin:0.5em auto"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td width="5%" style="text-align: center" rowspan="5"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Compass_rose_pale-50x50.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia"><img alt="Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gefedereerde_State_van_Mikronesi%C3%AB" title="Gefedereerde State van Mikronesië">Gefedereerde State van Mikronesië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Stille_Oseaan" title="Stille Oseaan">Stille Oseaan</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Stille_Oseaan" title="Stille Oseaan">Stille Oseaan</a> • <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia"><img alt="Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gefedereerde_State_van_Mikronesi%C3%AB" title="Gefedereerde State van Mikronesië">Gefedereerde State van Mikronesië</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Stille_Oseaan" title="Stille Oseaan">Stille Oseaan</a> • <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia"><img alt="Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gefedereerde_State_van_Mikronesi%C3%AB" title="Gefedereerde State van Mikronesië">Gefedereerde State van Mikronesië</a> </td> <td width="5%" style="text-align: center; padding: 0" rowspan="5"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Compass_rose_pale-50x50.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Indonesia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Indonesië"><img alt="Vlag van Indonesië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Indonesi%C3%AB" title="Indonesië">Indonesië</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/17px-North.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/26px-North.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/34px-North.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Stille_Oseaan" title="Stille Oseaan">Stille Oseaan</a> • <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Nauru.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Nauru"><img alt="Vlag van Nauru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/22px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/44px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center" nowrap="nowrap"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/17px-West.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/26px-West.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/34px-West.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" />   <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee"><img alt="Vlag van Papoea-Nieu-Guinee" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/22px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/33px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/44px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Papoea-Nieu-Guinee</a>    <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/17px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/26px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/34px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/17px-South.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/26px-South.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/34px-South.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Australië"><img alt="Vlag van Australië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB" title="Australië">Australië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Arafurasee" title="Arafurasee">Arafurasee</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Koraalsee" title="Koraalsee">Koraalsee</a> • <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Australië"><img alt="Vlag van Australië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB" title="Australië">Australië</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Salomonssee" title="Salomonssee">Salomonssee</a> • <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Solomon Islands"><img alt="Flag of the Solomon Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Salomonseilande" title="Salomonseilande">Salomonseilande</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lande_en_gebiede_in_Oseanië" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Oseani%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Oseanië"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:Lande_van_Oseani%C3%AB" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Lande van Oseanië"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Lande_van_Oseani%C3%AB&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lande_en_gebiede_in_Oseanië" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lande en gebiede in <a href="/wiki/Oseani%C3%AB" title="Oseanië">Oseanië</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande" title="Lys van lande">Lande</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB" title="Australië">Australië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fidji" title="Fidji">Fidji</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gefedereerde_State_van_Mikronesi%C3%AB" title="Gefedereerde State van Mikronesië">Gefedereerde State van Mikronesië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Marshalleilande" title="Marshalleilande">Marshalleilande</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nieu-Seeland" title="Nieu-Seeland">Nieu-Seeland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Papoea-Nieu-Guinee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Salomonseilande" title="Salomonseilande">Salomonseilande</a> • <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Oceania_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_afhanklike_gebiede" title="Lys van afhanklike gebiede">Afhanklike gebiede</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB" title="Australië">Australië</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Norfolkeiland" title="Norfolkeiland">Norfolkeiland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chili" title="Chili">Chili</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Paaseiland" title="Paaseiland">Paaseiland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Clipperton" title="Clipperton">Clipperton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Frans-Polinesi%C3%AB" title="Frans-Polinesië">Frans-Polinesië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nieu-Kaledoni%C3%AB" title="Nieu-Kaledonië">Nieu-Kaledonië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wallis_en_Futuna" title="Wallis en Futuna">Wallis en Futuna</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Koninkryk_van_Nieu-Seeland" title="Koninkryk van Nieu-Seeland">Koninkryk van Nieu-Seeland</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Cookeilande" title="Cookeilande">Cookeilande</a> • <a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Verenigde Koninkryk</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pitcairneilande" title="Pitcairneilande">Pitcairn</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Verenigde State van Amerika">Verenigde State</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Amerikaans-Samoa" title="Amerikaans-Samoa">Amerikaans-Samoa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Baker-eiland" title="Baker-eiland">Baker-eiland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> • <a href="/wiki/Howland-eiland" title="Howland-eiland">Howland-eiland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jarvis-eiland" title="Jarvis-eiland">Jarvis-eiland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Johnston-atol" title="Johnston-atol">Johnston-atol</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kingman-rif" title="Kingman-rif">Kingman-rif</a> • <a href="/wiki/Midway-atol" title="Midway-atol">Midway-atol</a> • <a href="/wiki/Noordelike_Mariana-eilande" title="Noordelike Mariana-eilande">Noordelike Mariana-eilande</a> • <a href="/wiki/Palmyra-atol" title="Palmyra-atol">Palmyra-atol</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wake-eiland" title="Wake-eiland">Wake-eiland</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lande van</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Afrika" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Afrika">Afrika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Asi%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Asië">Asië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Europa" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Europa">Europa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Noord-Amerika" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Noord-Amerika">Noord-Amerika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Lande_van_Suid-Amerika" title="Sjabloon:Lande van Suid-Amerika">Suid-Amerika</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX454068">XX454068</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb10133671v">cb10133671v</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb10133671v">(data)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4044569-0">4044569-0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000122965717">0000 0001 2296 5717</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KulturNav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KulturNav (bladsy bestaan nie)">KulturNav</a>: <a 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href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569039">00569039</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge130367&CON_LNG=ENG">ge130367</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Australia">NLA</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35408370">35408370</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Greece">NLG</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/Authority/Record?id=au.286305">286305</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Israel">NLI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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