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</li> <li id="toc-Civilian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civilian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Civilian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civilian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Replica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Replica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Replica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Replica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifications_(Ilya_Muromets_Type_S-27_E-2)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications_(Ilya_Muromets_Type_S-27_E-2)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Specifications (Ilya Muromets Type S-27 E-2)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications_(Ilya_Muromets_Type_S-27_E-2)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="سيكورسكي إيليا موروميتس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيكورسكي إيليا موروميتس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0lya_Muromets_(t%C9%99yyar%C9%99)" title="İlya Muromets (təyyarə) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İlya Muromets (təyyarə)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87)" title="Иля Муромец (бомбардировач) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Иля Муромец (бомбардировач)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilja_Muromec_(letadlo)" title="Ilja Muromec (letadlo) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ilja Muromec (letadlo)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikorsky_Ilja_Muromets" title="Sikorsky Ilja Muromets – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sikorsky Ilja Muromets" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikorsky_Ilja_Muromez" title="Sikorsky Ilja Muromez – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sikorsky Ilja Muromez" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilja_Muromets_(lennuk)" title="Ilja Muromets (lennuk) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ilja Muromets (lennuk)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikorski_Ili%C3%A1_M%C3%BAromets" title="Sikorski Iliá Múromets – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sikorski Iliá Múromets" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilja_Muromec_(aviadilo)" title="Ilja Muromec (aviadilo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ilja Muromec (aviadilo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilia_Mouromets_(avion)" title="Ilia Mouromets (avion) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ilia Mouromets (avion)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikorsky_Ilya_Moeromets" title="Sikorsky Ilya Moeromets – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sikorsky Ilya Moeromets" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il%27ya_Muromets" title="Il'ya Muromets – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Il'ya Muromets" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikorski_Ilja_Muromec" title="Sikorski Ilja Muromec – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sikorski Ilja Muromec" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikorsky_Ilya_Muromets" title="Sikorsky Ilya Muromets – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sikorsky Ilya Muromets" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/RBVZ_Ilya_Muromets" title="RBVZ Ilya Muromets – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="RBVZ Ilya Muromets" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A5_(%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A1)" title="איליה מורומץ (מטוס) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איליה מורומץ (מטוס)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C4%BCja_Muromietis_(lidma%C5%A1%C4%ABna)" title="Iļja Muromietis (lidmašīna) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Iļja Muromietis (lidmašīna)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikorski_Ilja_Muromec" title="Sikorski Ilja Muromec – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sikorski Ilja Muromec" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szikorszkij_Ilja_Muromec" title="Szikorszkij Ilja Muromec – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szikorszkij Ilja Muromec" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilja_Moeromets_(vliegtuig)" title="Ilja Moeromets (vliegtuig) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ilja Moeromets (vliegtuig)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%A1%E3%83%84_(%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%A9%9F)" title="イリヤー・ムーロメツ (航空機) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イリヤー・ムーロメツ (航空機)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikorsky_Ilya_Muromets" title="Sikorsky Ilya Muromets – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sikorsky Ilya Muromets" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilja_Muromiec_(samolot)" title="Ilja Muromiec (samolot) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ilja Muromiec (samolot)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikorsky_Ilya_Muromets" title="Sikorsky Ilya Muromets – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sikorsky Ilya Muromets" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86_(%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%82)" title="Илья Муромец (самолёт) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Илья Муромец (самолёт)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilia_Muromec_(lietadlo)" title="Ilia Muromec (lietadlo) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ilia Muromec (lietadlo)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilja_Muromec" title="Ilja Muromec – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ilja Muromec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikorsky_Ilja_Muromets" title="Sikorsky Ilja Muromets – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sikorsky Ilja Muromets" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikorsky_Ilya_Muromets" title="Sikorsky Ilya Muromets – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Sikorsky Ilya Muromets" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikorsky_%C4%B0lya_Muromets" title="Sikorsky İlya Muromets – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sikorsky İlya Muromets" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248642317">.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-above{line-height:1.6em;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-header{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;line-height:23px;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-label{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-label{width:30%;padding-right:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-data{width:50%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-aircraft vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Ilya Muromets</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82_%22%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82_%22%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%22.jpg/300px-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82_%22%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82_%22%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%22.jpg/450px-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82_%22%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82_%22%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%22.jpg/600px-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82_%22%D0%98%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="466" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Airliner" title="Airliner">Airliner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heavy_bomber" title="Heavy bomber">heavy bomber</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russo-Balt" title="Russo-Balt">Russo-Baltic Wagon Factory</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><div> <a href="/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky" title="Igor Sikorsky">Igor Sikorsky</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary user</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Air_Service" title="Imperial Russian Air Service">Imperial Russian Air Service</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number built</th><td class="infobox-data">85+</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufactured</th><td class="infobox-data">1913 to 1917</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduction date</th><td class="infobox-data">1914</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">1913</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Retired</th><td class="infobox-data">1922</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developed from</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Russky_Vityaz" title="Sikorsky Russky Vityaz">Sikorsky Russky Vityaz</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Sikorsky <i>Ilya Muromets</i></b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Сикорский Илья Муромец</span>) (versions S-22, S-23, S-24, S-25, S-26 and S-27) was a class of Russian pre-<a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> large four-engine commercial <a href="/wiki/Airliners" class="mw-redirect" title="Airliners">airliners</a> and military <a href="/wiki/Heavy_bomber" title="Heavy bomber">heavy bombers</a> used during World War I by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aircraft series was named after <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Muromets" title="Ilya Muromets">Ilya Muromets</a>, a hero from <a href="/wiki/Slavic_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic mythology">Slavic mythology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bomber-31_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bomber-31-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The series was based on the <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Russky_Vityaz" title="Sikorsky Russky Vityaz">Russky Vityaz</a> or Le Grand, the world's first four-engined aircraft, designed by <a href="/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky" title="Igor Sikorsky">Igor Sikorsky</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ilya Muromets aircraft as it appeared in 1913 was a revolutionary design, intended for commercial service with its spacious fuselage incorporating a passenger saloon and washroom on board. The Ilya Muromets was the world's first multi-engine aircraft in production and at least sixty were built.<sup id="cite_ref-Sikorsky_p._96_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sikorsky_p._96-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During World War I, it became the first four-engine <a href="/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber">bomber</a> to equip a dedicated <a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing" title="Strategic bombing">strategic bombing</a> unit.<sup id="cite_ref-Massenkov_p._23_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Massenkov_p._23-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This heavy bomber was unrivaled in the early stages of the war, as the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a> had no aircraft capable enough to rival it until much later.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_development">Design and development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikorsky_Ilya_Muromets&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sikorsky_Russky_Vityaz_(Le_Grand).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Sikorsky_Russky_Vityaz_%28Le_Grand%29.jpg/220px-Sikorsky_Russky_Vityaz_%28Le_Grand%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Sikorsky_Russky_Vityaz_%28Le_Grand%29.jpg/330px-Sikorsky_Russky_Vityaz_%28Le_Grand%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Sikorsky_Russky_Vityaz_%28Le_Grand%29.jpg/440px-Sikorsky_Russky_Vityaz_%28Le_Grand%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Russky_Vityaz" title="Sikorsky Russky Vityaz">Russky Vityaz</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Ilya Muromets (Sikorsky S-22) was designed and constructed by <a href="/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky" title="Igor Sikorsky">Igor Sikorsky</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Balt" title="Russo-Balt"> Russo-Baltic Carriage Factory (RBVZ)</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> in 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-igo118_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-igo118-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was based on his earlier S-21 <i><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Russky_Vityaz" title="Sikorsky Russky Vityaz">Russky Vityaz</a></i>, which started out as the twin-engined <i>Le Grand</i>, then as the twin tandem-engined <i>Bolshoi Baltisky</i> before placing all four of the <i>Baltisky's</i> engines in a <a href="/wiki/Tractor_configuration" title="Tractor configuration">tractor configuration</a> along the lower wing's leading edge to create the Russky Vityaz — which had played an important role in the development of Russian <a href="/wiki/Aviation" title="Aviation">aviation</a> and the multi-engine aircraft industries of the world. </p><p>The Ilya Muromets was first conceived and built as a luxurious aircraft. It was the first aircraft to have an insulated passenger <a href="/wiki/Cabin_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabin (aircraft)">saloon</a>, containing wicker chairs, a bedroom, a lounge, as well as the first airborne toilet. The aircraft also had heating and <a href="/wiki/Lighting" title="Lighting">electrical lighting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The S-22 cockpit had sufficient space allowing several persons to observe the pilot. Openings on both sides of the fuselage permitted mechanics to climb out onto the lower wings to service the engines during flight. A hatch on the left side provided an entry to the main cabin, behind the cockpit. The main cabin featured two large windows on each side. Further back was a private cabin that included a berth, a small table, and a cabinet. Lighting was provided by a wind-driven generator and heating was supplied by two long engine exhaust pipes that passed through the corners of the cabin.<sup id="cite_ref-Sikorsky_p._96_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sikorsky_p._96-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite many advancements, the flight instruments on the Ilya Muromets were primitive. They included four <a href="/wiki/Tachometer" title="Tachometer">tachometers</a>, one per engine, a <a href="/wiki/Compass" title="Compass">compass</a>, a crude <a href="/wiki/Altimeter" title="Altimeter">altimeter</a> and airspeed indicator, two glass U-shaped tubes and a ball for bank indication, and a series of horizontal bars situated vertically on the nose of the fuselage for measuring climbs and descents.<sup id="cite_ref-igo174_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-igo174-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, in the bomber variants, a drift indicator and elementary bombsight was added to aid bombing.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1913 the Ilya Muromets No. 107 flew for the first time, and on 11 February 1914, the second prototype (factory airframe 128) took off for its first demonstration flight with 16 passengers aboard, marking a record for number of passengers carried.<sup id="cite_ref-Sikorsky_p._98_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sikorsky_p._98-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-igo40_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-igo40-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 30 June to 12 July 1914, it set a world record by making a trip from <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev">Kiev</a>, a distance of some 1200 km, and back. The first leg took 14 hours and 38 minutes, with one landing for fuel at <a href="/wiki/Orsha" title="Orsha">Orsha</a>, and the return one, with a fuel stop at <a href="/wiki/Novosokolniki" title="Novosokolniki">Novosokolniki</a>, took even less time, about 13 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Sikorsky, "The 1,600 miles (2,600 km) flight proved conclusively the value of large multi-motored airplanes. The Army placed an order for ten four-engined airplanes of the <i>Ilia Mourometz</i> type and the factory personnel was overjoyed by this final approval of the results of two years of hard work."<sup id="cite_ref-is_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-is-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The acclaim received by Sikorsky included <a href="/wiki/Tsar_Nicholas_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsar Nicholas II">Tsar Nicholas II</a> presenting him with the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Vladimir" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Vladimir">Order of St. Vladimir</a>, Fourth Degree, arranging for an exemption from the wartime draft to allow him to continue his design work, and a promise of a grant worth 100,000 rubles from the State Duma.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>N 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During an Imperial military review at <a href="/wiki/Krasnoye_Selo" title="Krasnoye Selo">Krasnoye Selo</a> in July, Nicholas II decorated and christened the Ilya Muromets Type B Military Prototype, No. 128, the "Kievsky."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During testing, the Ilya Muromets were fitted with both skis and pontoons in anticipation of new variants being produced. If it had not been for World War I, the Ilya Muromets would probably have started passenger flights that same year.<sup id="cite_ref-Massenkov_p._23_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Massenkov_p._23-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the beginning of World War I, Sikorsky was encouraged by the results of the proving flights to redesign the aircraft to become the "Military Ilia Mourometz, Type V, the world's first purpose-designed heavier than air bomber.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>N 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new heavy bomber was slightly smaller and lighter than the Type A. Internal racks carried up to 800 kg of bombs, and positions for up to nine machine guns were added for self-defense in various locations, including the extreme tail. The Muromets (in its S-25 Geh-2 variant, March 1916) was the first aircraft in history to incorporate a <a href="/wiki/Tail_gunner" title="Tail gunner">tail gunner position</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sikorsky-Legacy_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sikorsky-Legacy-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The engines were protected with 5 mm-thick armor.<sup id="cite_ref-Massenkov_p._23_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Massenkov_p._23-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The military version was designed expressly for long-range flying in both bombing and reconnaissance roles.<sup id="cite_ref-Sikorsky_p._10_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sikorsky_p._10-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikorsky_Ilya_Muromets&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Operational history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:14082007-Bashko.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/14082007-Bashko.jpg/170px-14082007-Bashko.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/14082007-Bashko.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="228" /></a><figcaption>Yosip Stanislavovich Bashko, pilot of "Ilya Muromets" based in Kiev</figcaption></figure> <p>When WWI broke out, only two Ilya Muromets bombers were completed out of an initial production run of ten aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1914, the Ilya Muromets was introduced to the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Air_Service" title="Imperial Russian Air Service">Imperial Russian Air Service</a> and on 10 December 1914, the Russians formed their first ten-bomber <a href="/wiki/Squadron_(aviation)" title="Squadron (aviation)">squadron</a>, slowly increasing the number to 20 by mid-1916.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Operations with the heavy bombers began on 12 February 1915 with a raid on German frontline positions.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_p._224_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_p._224-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German</a> Fighter Pilots often were reluctant to attack Ilya Muromets in the air due to their defensive firepower including the unique tail gun position, and the difficulty in bringing down such a large aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-Sikorsky_p._10_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sikorsky_p._10-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once engaged, small fighters also found that they were buffeted by propeller wash of the four large engines.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 12 September 1916 (<a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>), the Russians lost their first Ilya Muromets in a fight with four German <a href="/wiki/Albatros_Flugzeugwerke" title="Albatros Flugzeugwerke">Albatros</a>, three of which it managed to shoot down. This was also the only loss to enemy action during the war; three others were damaged in combat, but managed to return to base to be repaired.<sup id="cite_ref-Sikorsky_p._10_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sikorsky_p._10-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>83 Ilya Muromets bombers were built for the Russian forces between 1913 and 1918. They recorded a number of firsts in the history of military aviation, like bombing from heavy bombers, performing bomber group <a href="/wiki/Airstrike" title="Airstrike">raids</a> on enemy targets, <a href="/wiki/Night_bomber" title="Night bomber">night bombing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Photographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Photographic">photographic</a> bomb damage assessment. They were also the first to develop defensive <a href="/wiki/Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">tactics</a> for a single bomber engaged in an air combat with several enemy fighters.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ilya Muromets performed more than 400 sorties and dropped 65 tons of bombs during the war. By 1917, attrition from constant flying had reduced the bombing fleet substantially and only four bombers remained at the front line; the other Ilya Muromets were relegated to trainer duties.<sup id="cite_ref-Sikorsky_p._10_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sikorsky_p._10-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The heavy bombers of other participants appeared in 1916, all resembling the Russian pioneer to a certain degree.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_p._224_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_p._224-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Russian government and Sikorsky himself sold the design and production license to the British and French governments. The <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germans</a> tried to copy its design, using the fragments of the Ilya Muromets they had shot down over their territory in September 1916. By the end of 1916, the design was generally believed to be at the end of its development cycle, with ensuing modifications to individual aircraft, such as additional armor and weapons, making the aircraft too heavy and not suitable for operational use. Continual changes in the field as well as the factory led to many aircraft being redesignated as a new variant.<sup id="cite_ref-Sikorsky_p._10_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sikorsky_p._10-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_Revolution_and_aftermath">Russian Revolution and aftermath</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikorsky_Ilya_Muromets&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Russian Revolution and aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_between_Russia_and_the_Central_Powers" title="Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers">armistice between Russia and the Central Powers</a> about 30 Ilya Muromets were captured and destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPinto199596_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPinto199596-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One Ilya Muromets S-26 D-1 was taken by <a href="/wiki/Polish_I_Corps_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish I Corps in Russia">Polish forces</a> in the city of <a href="/wiki/Babruysk" title="Babruysk">Babruysk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October of 1917, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukrainian</a> forces acquired 16 Ilya Muromets aircraft near the city of <a href="/wiki/Vinnytsia" title="Vinnytsia">Vinnytsia</a> however only six of these were serviceable.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During summer of 1918 the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_State" title="Ukrainian State">Ukrainian State</a> counted four Ilya Murmomets aircraft in its inventory.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few remaining aircraft were used by the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Air_Forces" title="Soviet Air Forces">Soviet Air Forces</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> as trainers and transports.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunston199510_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunston199510-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPinto198196_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPinto198196-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some sources claim that Ilya Muromets aircraft were also used by the <a href="/wiki/White_Army" title="White Army">White Army</a> during the conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPinto198196_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPinto198196-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1921 to 1922 Ilya Muromets were used as civil airliners on routes from <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> (via <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a>) and from <a href="/wiki/Sarapul" title="Sarapul">Sarapul</a> to <a href="/wiki/Yekaterinburg" title="Yekaterinburg">Yekaterinburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPinto199596_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPinto199596-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikorsky_Ilya_Muromets&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:14082007-Illya-Muromec-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/14082007-Illya-Muromec-1.jpg/220px-14082007-Illya-Muromec-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/14082007-Illya-Muromec-1.jpg/330px-14082007-Illya-Muromec-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/14082007-Illya-Muromec-1.jpg/440px-14082007-Illya-Muromec-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="259" /></a><figcaption>Ilya Muromets S-23</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Ilya Muromets No. 107</dt> <dd>Experimental airliner, 1913; fitted with four 100 hp (75 kW) <a href="/wiki/Argus_As_I" title="Argus As I">Argus As I</a> engines, later refitted with two 200 hp (150 kW) <a href="/wiki/Salmson_2M7" class="mw-redirect" title="Salmson 2M7">Salmson 2M7</a> and two <a href="/wiki/Argus_115_hp" title="Argus 115 hp">Argus 115 hp</a> engines.<sup id="cite_ref-Khajrulin2018_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khajrulin2018-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Ilya Muromets No. 107 Hydroplane</dt> <dd>Hydroplane modification of airframe No. 107, fitted with two 200 hp (150 kW) <a href="/wiki/Salmson_2M7" class="mw-redirect" title="Salmson 2M7">Salmson 2M7</a> and two <a href="/wiki/Argus_115_hp" title="Argus 115 hp">Argus 115 hp</a> engines.<sup id="cite_ref-Khajrulin2018_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khajrulin2018-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Ilya Muromets Kievsky No. 128</dt> <dd>Experimental airliner, 1914; fitted with two <a href="/wiki/Argus_140/150_hp_6-cylinder_(1913)" class="mw-redirect" title="Argus 140/150 hp 6-cylinder (1913)">Argus 140 hp</a> engines and two <a href="/wiki/Argus_140/150_hp_6-cylinder_(1913)" class="mw-redirect" title="Argus 140/150 hp 6-cylinder (1913)">Argus 125 hp</a> engines.<sup id="cite_ref-Khajrulin2018_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khajrulin2018-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Ilya Muromets S-22 Type A</dt> <dd>Unarmed trainer, one built 1913, used in Gachina Air School in 1914</dd> <dt>Ilya Muromets S-23 Type B(eh) Bomber</dt> <dd>Bomber. First flight: 1914, in service August 1914, original armament: one 37mm cannon, one 8 mm machine gun; six built (heavily modified). <dl><dd>Type B No 135, 1914; fitted with four Argus engines of 130 hp each.</dd> <dd>Type B No 136, 1914; fitted with two <a href="/wiki/Salmson_water-cooled_aero-engines" title="Salmson water-cooled aero-engines">Salmson engines</a> of 200 hp each and two Salmson engines of 136 hp each.</dd> <dd>Type B No 137, 1914; fitted with two Salmson engines of 200 hp each and two Salmson engines of 136 hp each.</dd> <dd>Type B No 138, 1914; fitted with two Salmson engines of 200 hp each and two Salmson engines of 136 hp each.</dd> <dd>Type B No 139, 1914; fitted with two Salmson engines of 200 hp each and two Salmson engines of 136 hp each.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Ilya Muromets S-23 V(eh) Series</dt> <dd>Bomber, First flight 1914, fitted with four <a href="/wiki/Sunbeam_Crusader" title="Sunbeam Crusader">Sunbeam Crusader</a> V-8 engines of 148 hp each <dl><dd>Type V No 151, 1915; fitted with four Argus engines of 140 hp each.</dd> <dd>Type V No 159 Trainer aircraft, 1915; fitted with two <a href="/wiki/Sunbeam_225_hp" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunbeam 225 hp">Sunbeam 225 hp</a> V-8 engines.</dd> <dd>Type V No 167, 1915; fitted with four <a href="/wiki/RBVZ-6" title="RBVZ-6">RBVZ-6</a> engines of 150 hp each.</dd> <dd>Type V No 182; fitted with four <a href="/wiki/Beardmore_160_hp" title="Beardmore 160 hp">Beardmore 160 hp</a> engines. Aircraft later rebuilt as a G-1.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Ilya Muromets S-24 G-1 Series</dt> <dd>Bomber, First flight 1914; 18 built.</dd> <dt>Ilya Muromets S-25 Series</dt> <dd>Bomber, First flight 1915; 55 built.</dd> <dt>Ilya Muromets S-25 G-2 "Russobalt"</dt> <dd>Bomber, fitted with four RBVZ-6 engines of 150 hp, 170 kg bombload, five MG.</dd> <dt>Ilya Muromets S-25 G-3 "Renobalt" Series</dt> <dd>Bomber, fitted with two <a href="/wiki/Renault_12F" title="Renault 12F">Renault engines of 220 hp</a> each and two RBVZ-6 engines of 150 hp, 190 kg bombload, six MG</dd> <dt>Ilya Muromets S-26 D-1 DIM Series</dt> <dd>Bomber, First flight 1916, fitted with four Sunbeam engines of 150 hp; three built.</dd> <dt>Ilya Muromets S-27 E (Yeh-2) Series</dt> <dd>Bomber, First flight 1916, fitted with four Renault engines of 220 hp each; two built.<sup id="cite_ref-Sikorsky_p._10_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sikorsky_p._10-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikorsky_Ilya_Muromets&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikorsky_Ilya_Muromets&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>/<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russian_Republic" title="Russian Republic">Russian Republic</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Air_Service" title="Imperial Russian Air Service">Imperial Russian Air Service</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281918%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Air_Forces" title="Soviet Air Forces">Soviet Air Forces</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Air_Force" title="Polish Air Force">Polish Air Force</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Ukraine_%281917%E2%80%931921%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine_%281917%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Ukraine_%281917%E2%80%931921%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine_%281917%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Ukraine_%281917%E2%80%931921%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine_%281917%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_State" title="Ukrainian State">Ukrainian State</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Air_Force" title="Ukrainian Air Force">Ukrainian Air Force</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civilian">Civilian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikorsky_Ilya_Muromets&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Civilian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeroflot" title="Aeroflot">Soviet Union Civil Air Fleet</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Replica">Replica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikorsky_Ilya_Muromets&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Replica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ilya_Muromets_at_Central_Air_Force_Museum_-_130513_-_Vasters_2186_(8911084051).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ilya_Muromets_at_Central_Air_Force_Museum_-_130513_-_Vasters_2186_%288911084051%29.jpg/220px-Ilya_Muromets_at_Central_Air_Force_Museum_-_130513_-_Vasters_2186_%288911084051%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ilya_Muromets_at_Central_Air_Force_Museum_-_130513_-_Vasters_2186_%288911084051%29.jpg/330px-Ilya_Muromets_at_Central_Air_Force_Museum_-_130513_-_Vasters_2186_%288911084051%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ilya_Muromets_at_Central_Air_Force_Museum_-_130513_-_Vasters_2186_%288911084051%29.jpg/440px-Ilya_Muromets_at_Central_Air_Force_Museum_-_130513_-_Vasters_2186_%288911084051%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Full-scale replica of Sikorsky S-22 Ilya Muromets in Monino Air Force Museum.</figcaption></figure> <p>One Ilya Muromets S-22 replica exists<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Central_Air_Force_Museum" title="Central Air Force Museum">Monino Air Force Museum</a> near Moscow built in 1970. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications_(Ilya_Muromets_Type_S-27_E-2)"><span id="Specifications_.28Ilya_Muromets_Type_S-27_E-2.29"></span>Specifications (Ilya Muromets Type S-27 E-2)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikorsky_Ilya_Muromets&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Specifications (Ilya Muromets Type S-27 E-2)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p style="font-size: 90%; margin:0;"><i>Data from</i> <sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>General characteristics</b></span> </p><ul><li><b>Crew:</b> 8<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavies199210_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavies199210-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Length:</b> 18.8 m (61 ft 8 in)</li> <li><b>Upper wingspan:</b> 34.5 m (113 ft 2 in)</li> <li><b>Lower wingspan:</b> 26.6 m (87 ft 3 in)</li> <li><b>Wing area:</b> 220 m<sup>2</sup> (2,400 sq ft)</li> <li><b>Empty weight:</b> 5,000 kg (11,023 lb)</li> <li><b>Gross weight:</b> 7,460 kg (16,446 lb)</li> <li><b>Fuel capacity:</b> 920 kg (2,028 lb)</li> <li><b>Powerplant:</b> 4 × <a href="/wiki/Renault_12F" title="Renault 12F">Renault 12F</a> V-12 water-cooled piston engines 220 hp (160 kW)</li> <li><b>Propellers:</b> 2-bladed fixed-pitch propellers</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Performance</b></span> </p> <ul><li><b>Maximum speed:</b> 130 km/h (81 mph, 70 kn)</li> <li><b>Range:</b> 560 km (350 mi, 300 nmi)</li> <li><b>Endurance:</b> 4.4 hours</li> <li><b>Service ceiling:</b> 3,200 m (10,500 ft)</li> <li><b>Time to altitude:</b> <br /> <ul><li>9 min 24 s to 1,000 m (3,300 ft)</li> <li>26 min to 2,000 m (6,600 ft)</li> <li>68 min to 3,000 m (9,800 ft)</li></ul></li> <li><b>Wing loading:</b> 34.2 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (7.0 lb/sq ft)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Power-to-weight_ratio" title="Power-to-weight ratio">Power/mass</a>:</b> 0.087 kW/kg (0.053 hp/lb)</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Armament</b></span><br /> </p> <ul><li><b>Guns:</b> 8 machine guns<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavies199210_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavies199210-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Bombs:</b> Up to 800 kg (1,764 lb)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with individual bomb-sizes up to 410 kg (904 lb)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunston199510_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunston199510-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikorsky_Ilya_Muromets&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_inventions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Russian inventions">List of Russian inventions</a></li></ul> <p> <b>Related development</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Russky_Vityaz" title="Sikorsky Russky Vityaz">Sikorsky Russky Vityaz</a></li></ul> <p><b>Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_Wanamaker_Triplane" title="Curtiss Wanamaker Triplane">Wanamaker Triplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeppelin-Staaken_R.VI" title="Zeppelin-Staaken R.VI">Zeppelin-Staaken R.VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeppelin-Staaken_R.XIV" title="Zeppelin-Staaken R.XIV">Zeppelin-Staaken R.XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEG_R.I" title="AEG R.I">AEG R.I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handley_Page_V/1500" title="Handley Page V/1500">Handley Page V/1500</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikorsky_Ilya_Muromets&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikorsky_Ilya_Muromets&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">One of Sikorsky's prized possessions was a personal gift from the Tsar, a diamond-studded gold watch that arrived later in the mail, also in recognition of his achievements with the Ilya Muromets. Sikorski retained the watch throughout his lifetime.<sup id="cite_ref-Sikorsky_p._10_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sikorsky_p._10-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sikorsky used the French transliteration of "Ilya Muromets."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikorsky_Ilya_Muromets&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woodman, Harry. "Ilya Muromets." <i>Airfix Magazine,</i> May 1985, p. 352.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bomber-31-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bomber-31_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lake 2002, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sikorsky 1938, p. 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sikorsky_p._96-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sikorsky_p._96_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sikorsky_p._96_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sikorsky 1938, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Massenkov_p._23-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Massenkov_p._23_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Massenkov_p._23_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Massenkov_p._23_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Massenkov et al. 1994, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mackworth-Praed 1996, p. 202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-igo118-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-igo118_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFinne1987" class="citation book cs1">Finne, K.N. (1987). <i>Igor Sikorsky: The Russian Years</i>. translated and adapted by Von Hardesty; Carl J. Bobrow and Von Hardesty, eds. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87474-274-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-87474-274-9"><bdi>0-87474-274-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Igor+Sikorsky%3A+The+Russian+Years&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-87474-274-9&rft.aulast=Finne&rft.aufirst=K.N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikorsky+Ilya+Muromets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aircrafttoday.com/Passenger_Planes.htm">"Guide to Passenger Planes."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161027170151/http://www.aircrafttoday.com/Passenger_Planes.htm">Archived</a> 2016-10-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>The Aircraft Guide</i> via <i>AircraftToday.com.</i> Retrieved: 25 April 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-igo174-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-igo174_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinne1987" class="citation book cs1">Finne, K.N. (1987). <i>Igor Sikorsky: The Russian Years</i>. translated and adapted by Von Hardesty; Carl J. Bobrow and Von Hardesty, eds. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87474-274-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-87474-274-9"><bdi>0-87474-274-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Igor+Sikorsky%3A+The+Russian+Years&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=174&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-87474-274-9&rft.aulast=Finne&rft.aufirst=K.N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikorsky+Ilya+Muromets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Darcey et al. 1995, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sikorsky_p._98-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sikorsky_p._98_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sikorsky 1938, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-igo40-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-igo40_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinne1987" class="citation book cs1">Finne, K.N. (1987). <i>Igor Sikorsky: The Russian Years</i>. translated and adapted by Von Hardesty; Carl J. Bobrow and Von Hardesty, eds. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87474-274-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-87474-274-9"><bdi>0-87474-274-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Igor+Sikorsky%3A+The+Russian+Years&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-87474-274-9&rft.aulast=Finne&rft.aufirst=K.N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikorsky+Ilya+Muromets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sikorsky 1938, pp. 102–117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-is-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-is_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSikorsky1952" class="citation book cs1">Sikorsky, Igor (1952). <i>The Story of the Winged-S</i>. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company. p. 117.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+the+Winged-S&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead+%26+Company&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Sikorsky&rft.aufirst=Igor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikorsky+Ilya+Muromets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sikorsky_p._10-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sikorsky_p._10_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sikorsky_p._10_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sikorsky_p._10_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sikorsky_p._10_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sikorsky_p._10_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sikorsky_p._10_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sikorsky_p._10_15-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sikorsky 2007, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Finne 1987, pp. 53–55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Windsock International,</i> Vol. 6, #3, May/June 1990, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Loftin, Laurence K. Jr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hq.nasa.gov/pao/History/SP-468/cover.htm">"Part I: The Age of Propellers, Chapter 2: Design Exploration, 1914–18, Heavy Bombers."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180529231420/https://www.hq.nasa.gov/pao/History/SP-468/cover.htm">Archived</a> 2018-05-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Quest for Performance: The Evolution of Modern Aircraft.</i> Washington, D.C.: NASA Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 2004. Retrieved: 25 April 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sikorsky 1938, p. 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sikorsky-Legacy-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sikorsky-Legacy_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sergei I. Sikorsky with the Igor I. Sikorsky Historical Archives, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eE-trX3XZawC&dq=Sikorsky%20Ilya%20Muromets%20technical%20drawing&pg=PA31">Images of Aviation: The Sikorsky Legacy</a></i>, Arcadia Publishing, 2007, Charleston SC, Chicago IL, Portsmouth NH, San Francisco CA, 128 p., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-4995-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-4995-8">978-0-7385-4995-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Darcey et al. 1995, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Военно-воздушные силы // Советская военная энциклопедия (в 8 тт.) / под ред. <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Ogarkov" title="Nikolai Ogarkov">Н. В. Огаркова</a>. том 2. М.: Воениздат, 1976. стр.201-208</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_p._224-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_p._224_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_p._224_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2004, p. 224.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lienhard, John H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi2371.htm">"Sikorsky's Bomber. Episode No. 2371."</a> <i>Engines of our Ingenuity,</i> 2008. Retrieved: 25 April 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Palmer, Scott W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://russiasgreatwar.org/media/military/air_operations.shtml">"The Russian Origins of Strategic Air Operations."</a> <i>Russia's Great War and Revolution: Western Illinois University,</i> 15 February 2011. Retrieved: 25 April 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPinto199596-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPinto199596_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPinto199596_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPinto1995">Pinto 1995</a>, p. 96.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFPinto1995 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Belcarz and Peczkowski 2001, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kharuk 2009, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kharuk 2009, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunston199510-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunston199510_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunston199510_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGunston1995">Gunston 1995</a>, p. 10.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFGunston1995 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPinto198196-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPinto198196_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPinto198196_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPinto1981">Pinto 1981</a>, p. 96.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFPinto1981 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khajrulin2018-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Khajrulin2018_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Khajrulin2018_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Khajrulin2018_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Khajrulin 2018, p. 21-45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woodman 2000, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monino.ru/index.sema?a=articles&pid=2&id=25">"Central Air Force Museum"</a>. Monino<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Central+Air+Force+Museum&rft.place=Monino&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.monino.ru%2Findex.sema%3Fa%3Darticles%26pid%3D2%26id%3D25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikorsky+Ilya+Muromets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cochrane, Dorothy and Von Hardesty 1989, p. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavies199210-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavies199210_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavies199210_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavies1992">Davies 1992</a>, p. 10.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFDavies1992 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pinto 1981, p. 89.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikorsky_Ilya_Muromets&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Angelucci, Enzo. <i>The Rand McNally Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft, 1914–1980</i>. San Diego, California: The Military Press, 1983. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-41021-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-41021-4">0-517-41021-4</a>.</li> <li>Belcarz, Bartlomiej and Peczkowski, Robert. <i>White Eagles: The Aircraft, Men and Operations of the Polish Air Force 1918-1939</i>. Hikoki, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1902109732" title="Special:BookSources/1902109732">1902109732</a>.</li> <li>Cochrane, Dorothy and Von Hardesty. <i>The Aviation Careers of Igor Sikorsky.</i> Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press, 1989. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-295-96916-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-295-96916-9">978-0-295-96916-9</a>.</li> <li>Darcey, Alan, Thomas Kulikov and Victor Durkots. <i>The Imperial Russian Air Service: Famous Pilots and Aircraft of World War I.</i> Mountain View, California: Flying Machine Press, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-891268-07-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-891268-07-6">978-1-891268-07-6</a>.</li> <li>Davies, R.E.G. <i>Aeroflot an Airline and its Aircraft an Illustrated History of the Worlds Largest Airline</i>. Rockville, Maryland USA: Paladwr Press, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9626483-1-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-9626483-1-0">0-9626483-1-0</a></li> <li>Delear, Frank J. <i>Igor Sikorsky: Three Careers in Aviation</i> (Air & Space Series, No 24). New York: Bantam, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-553-29701-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-553-29701-0">978-0-553-29701-0</a></li> <li>Durkota, Alan E., T. Darcey and V. Kulikov. <i>The Imperial Russian Air Service: Famous Pilots and Aircraft of World War I</i>. Boulder, Colorado: Flying Machines Press, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9637110-2-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-9637110-2-4">0-9637110-2-4</a>.</li> <li>Finne, K. N. <i>Igor Sikorsky: The Russian Years.</i> Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books, 1987. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87474-274-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-87474-274-9">0-87474-274-9</a>.</li> <li>Finne, K. N. <i>Русские воздушные богатыри И. Сикорского (Russian Air Warriors: I. Sikorsky) (Russian).</i> Moscow: AST, Harvest, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/985-13-2878-2" title="Special:BookSources/985-13-2878-2">985-13-2878-2</a></li> <li>Gunston, Bill. <i>The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875-1995</i>. Osprey, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85532-405-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-85532-405-9">1-85532-405-9</a>.</li> <li>Kharuk, Andriĭ. <i>Вiйськово-повiтрянi сили Украi:ни,1917-1920</i> (Wings of Ukraine: Ukrainian Air Force 1917 - 1920) (Ukrainian). Tempora, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789668201714" title="Special:BookSources/9789668201714">9789668201714</a>.</li> <li>Lake, Jon. <i>The Great Book of Bombers: The World's Most Important Bombers from World War I to the Present Day.</i> St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing Company, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7603-1347-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7603-1347-4">0-7603-1347-4</a>.</li> <li>Mackworth-Praed, Ben. <i>Aviation: The Pioneer Years.</i> London: Studio Editions, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85170-349-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-85170-349-7">1-85170-349-7</a>.</li> <li>Massenkov, Vladamir I., Boris Urinovski and Vadim I. Suvorov. <i>Russia in ICAO to the 50th Anniversary of ICAO</i>. Moscow: 1994. No ISBN.</li> <li>Miller, Russell. <i>The Soviet Air Force at War.</i> Alexandria, Virginia: Time-Life books, 1983. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8094-3371-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8094-3371-0">0-8094-3371-0</a>.</li> <li>Pember, Harry. <i>Sikorsky Aircraft: From a Vision to Reality and Beyond.</i> Stratford, Connecticut: Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, 1999. No ISBN.</li> <li>Pinto, Renato. <i>Perfiles Historia De La Aviacion (Spanish: History of aviation)</i>. Volume 1. Spain: Viscontea, 1981.</li> <li>Roustam-Bek-Tageev, LCol Boris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alexanderpalace.org/aerialrussia/"><i>Aerial Russia: The Romance of The Giant Aeroplane.</i></a> Austin, Texas: Alexander Palace Time Machine (Bob Atchison), 2011, Internet reprint of original 1917 edition.</li> <li>Sikorsky, Igor. <i>Story of the Winged-S: An Autobiography by Igor Sikorsky.</i> New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1938. No ISBN.</li> <li>Sikorsky, Sergei I. <i>The Sikorsky Legacy</i> (Images of Aviation). Charleston, South Carolina: Acadia Publishing, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-4995-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-4995-8">978-0-7385-4995-8</a>.</li> <li>Taylor, John W. R. <i>Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War I</i>. London: Studio Editions, Reprint 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85170-347-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85170-347-0">1-85170-347-0</a>.</li> <li>Winchester, Jim. "Sikorsky Ilya Muromets." <i>Biplanes, Triplanes and Seaplanes (Aviation Factfile)</i>. London: Grange Books plc, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84013-641-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-84013-641-3">1-84013-641-3</a>.</li> <li>Woodman, Harry. <i>Sikorsky Ilya Muromets Type Veh,</i> (Windsock Datafile Special No.3 – Classics of WW1 Aviation Volume 3). Berkhamsted, Herts, UK: Albatros Productions Limited, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-902207-13-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-902207-13-1">978-1-902207-13-1</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhajrulin2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Khajrulin, M.A. (2018). <i>Legendarnyj "Ilja Muromets". Pervyj tjazhelyj bombardirovschik</i> (in Russian). Moscow: Jauza. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-04-091056-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-04-091056-4"><bdi>978-5-04-091056-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legendarnyj+%22Ilja+Muromets%22.+Pervyj+tjazhelyj+bombardirovschik&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=Jauza&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-5-04-091056-4&rft.aulast=Khajrulin&rft.aufirst=M.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikorsky+Ilya+Muromets" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikorsky_Ilya_Muromets&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sikorsky_S-22_Ilya_Muromets" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sikorsky S-22 Ilya Muromets">Sikorsky S-22 Ilya Muromets</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwiaviation.com/bombers_Russia.html">WWI Russian Bombers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180225200448/http://wwiaviation.com/bombers_Russia.html">Archived</a> 2018-02-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wio.ru/ww1a/im.htm">some data on an Ilya Muromets</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moninoaviation.com/19a.html">Reconstruction of an Ilya Muromets</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090406005833/http://www.moninoaviation.com/19a.html">Archived</a> 2009-04-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070311122417/http://infoart.udm.ru/pictures/dak/muzb_03.jpg">Image of a scale model</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=584">Sikorsky Ilya Muromets (Series) Bomber/Reconnaissance Aircraft</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/umn.31951d00343389d?urlappend=%3Bseq=99">"Sikorsky's Stupendous Biplane"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Scientific_American_Supplement" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific American Supplement">Scientific American Supplement</a></i>. <b>LXXVII</b> (1988): 91. 7 February 1914. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fumn.31951d00343389d?urlappend=%3Bseq=99">2027/umn.31951d00343389d</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American+Supplement&rft.atitle=Sikorsky%27s+Stupendous+Biplane&rft.volume=LXXVII&rft.issue=1988&rft.pages=91&rft.date=1914-02-07&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fumn.31951d00343389d%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D99&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F2027%2Fumn.31951d00343389d%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikorsky+Ilya+Muromets" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65850821/f37.item">"Les Aérobus: Un nouvel appareil géant de Sykorsky"</a> [The Aerobus: A new giant aircraft from Sykorsky]. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27A%C3%A9rophile" title="L'Aérophile">L'Aérophile</a></i> (in French). <b>22</b> (6): 137–138. 15 March 1914.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27A%C3%A9rophile&rft.atitle=Les+A%C3%A9robus%3A+Un+nouvel+appareil+g%C3%A9ant+de+Sykorsky&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=137-138&rft.date=1914-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k65850821%2Ff37.item&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikorsky+Ilya+Muromets" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoanidi,_J.1914" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Joanidi, J. (20 March 1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015080016242?urlappend=%3Bseq=193">"Der Doppeldecker "Ilija Murometz"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> [The Biplane "Ilya Muromets"]. <i>Der Motorwagen</i> (in German). <b>XVII</b> (VIII): 181–182. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015080016242?urlappend=%3Bseq=193">2027/mdp.39015080016242</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Motorwagen&rft.atitle=Der+Doppeldecker+%22Ilija+Murometz%22&rft.volume=XVII&rft.issue=VIII&rft.pages=181-182&rft.date=1914-03-20&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015080016242%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D193&rft.au=Joanidi%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015080016242%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikorsky+Ilya+Muromets" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sikorsky_aircraft" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sikorsky_Aircraft" title="Template:Sikorsky Aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sikorsky_Aircraft" title="Template talk:Sikorsky Aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sikorsky_Aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sikorsky Aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sikorsky_aircraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Aircraft" title="Sikorsky Aircraft">Sikorsky</a> aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fixed-wing aircraft <br /> (company designations)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-1" title="Sikorsky S-1">S-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-2" title="Sikorsky S-2">S-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-3" title="Sikorsky S-3">S-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-4" title="Sikorsky S-4">S-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-5" title="Sikorsky S-5">S-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-6" title="Sikorsky S-6">S-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-7" title="Sikorsky S-7">S-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-8" title="Sikorsky S-8">S-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-9" title="Sikorsky S-9">S-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-10" title="Sikorsky S-10">S-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-11" title="Sikorsky S-11">S-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-12" title="Sikorsky S-12">S-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-13_and_S-14" title="Sikorsky S-13 and S-14">S-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-13_and_S-14" title="Sikorsky S-13 and S-14">S-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-15" title="Sikorsky S-15">S-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-16" title="Sikorsky S-16">S-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-17" title="Sikorsky S-17">S-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-18" title="Sikorsky S-18">S-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-19" title="Sikorsky S-19">S-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-20" title="Sikorsky S-20">S-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Russky_Vityaz" title="Sikorsky Russky Vityaz">S-21</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">S-22/23/24/25/26/27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-28" title="Sikorsky S-28">S-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-29-A" title="Sikorsky S-29-A">S-29-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-30" title="Sikorsky S-30">S-30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-31" title="Sikorsky S-31">S-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-32" title="Sikorsky S-32">S-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-33_Messenger" title="Sikorsky S-33 Messenger">S-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-34" title="Sikorsky S-34">S-34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-35" title="Sikorsky S-35">S-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-36" title="Sikorsky S-36">S-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-37" title="Sikorsky S-37">S-37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-38" title="Sikorsky S-38">S-38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-39" title="Sikorsky S-39">S-39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-40" title="Sikorsky S-40">S-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-41" title="Sikorsky S-41">S-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-42" title="Sikorsky S-42">S-42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-43" title="Sikorsky S-43">S-43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_VS-44" title="Sikorsky VS-44">VS-44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-45" title="Sikorsky S-45">S-45</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fixed-wing aircraft <br /> (military designations)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-38" title="Sikorsky S-38">C-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-39" title="Sikorsky S-39">C-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-43" title="Sikorsky S-43">JRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_VS-44" title="Sikorsky VS-44">JR2S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-38" title="Sikorsky S-38">PS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_XP2S" title="Sikorsky XP2S">P2S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_RS" title="Sikorsky RS">RS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_XBLR-3" title="Sikorsky XBLR-3">XBLR-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_VS-44" title="Sikorsky VS-44">XPBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_XSS" title="Sikorsky XSS">XSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_XV-2" title="Sikorsky XV-2">XV-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Helicopters <br /> (company designations)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vought-Sikorsky_VS-300" title="Vought-Sikorsky VS-300">VS-300 (S-46)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_R-4" title="Sikorsky R-4">S-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_H-5" title="Sikorsky H-5">S-48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_R-6" title="Sikorsky R-6">S-49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-50" title="Sikorsky S-50">S-50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_H-5" title="Sikorsky H-5">S-51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-52" title="Sikorsky S-52">S-52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_XHJS" title="Sikorsky XHJS">S-53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_R-4" title="Sikorsky R-4">S-54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_H-19_Chickasaw" title="Sikorsky H-19 Chickasaw">S-55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_CH-37_Mojave" title="Sikorsky CH-37 Mojave">S-56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_XV-2" title="Sikorsky XV-2">S-57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_H-34" title="Sikorsky H-34">S-58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_XH-39" title="Sikorsky XH-39">S-59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-60" title="Sikorsky S-60">S-60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_SH-3_Sea_King" title="Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King">S-61</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-61" title="Sikorsky S-61">S-61L/N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-61R" title="Sikorsky S-61R">S-61R</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_HH-52_Seaguard" title="Sikorsky HH-52 Seaguard">S-62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_HH-52_Seaguard" title="Sikorsky HH-52 Seaguard">S-63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-64_Skycrane" title="Sikorsky S-64 Skycrane">S-64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_CH-53_Sea_Stallion" title="Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallion">S-65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-67_Blackhawk" title="Sikorsky S-67 Blackhawk">S-66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-67_Blackhawk" title="Sikorsky S-67 Blackhawk">S-67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-68" title="Sikorsky S-68">S-68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-69" title="Sikorsky S-69">S-69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-70" title="Sikorsky S-70">S-70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-71" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikorsky S-71">S-71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-72" title="Sikorsky S-72">S-72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-73" title="Sikorsky S-73">S-73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-76" title="Sikorsky S-76">S-74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-75" title="Sikorsky S-75">S-75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-76" title="Sikorsky S-76">S-76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_CH-53E_Super_Stallion" title="Sikorsky CH-53E Super Stallion">S-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-92" title="Sikorsky S-92">S-92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_CH-53K_King_Stallion" title="Sikorsky CH-53K King Stallion">S-95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-97_Raider" title="Sikorsky S-97 Raider">S-97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky%E2%80%93Boeing_SB-1_Defiant" title="Sikorsky–Boeing SB-1 Defiant">S-100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Raider_X" title="Sikorsky Raider X">S-102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky%E2%80%93Boeing_SB-1_Defiant" title="Sikorsky–Boeing SB-1 Defiant">S-103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schweizer_S300" title="Schweizer S300">S-300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schweizer_S333" title="Schweizer S333">S-333</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-434" title="Sikorsky S-434">S-434</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Helicopters <br /> (military designations)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_SH-3_Sea_King" title="Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King">SH-3 Sea King</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-61R" title="Sikorsky S-61R">HH-3E/F</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_R-4" title="Sikorsky R-4">R-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_H-5" title="Sikorsky H-5">H-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_R-6" title="Sikorsky R-6">H-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-52" title="Sikorsky S-52">H-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_H-19_Chickasaw" title="Sikorsky H-19 Chickasaw">H-19 Chickasaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_H-34" title="Sikorsky H-34">H-34 Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_CH-37_Mojave" title="Sikorsky CH-37 Mojave">CH-37 Mojave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_XH-39" title="Sikorsky XH-39">XH-39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_HH-52_Seaguard" title="Sikorsky HH-52 Seaguard">HH-52A Seaguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_CH-53_Sea_Stallion" title="Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallion">CH-53 Sea Stallion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_CH-53E_Super_Stallion" title="Sikorsky CH-53E Super Stallion">CH-53E Super Stallion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_CH-53K_King_Stallion" title="Sikorsky CH-53K King Stallion">CH-53K King Stallion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_MH-53" title="Sikorsky MH-53">MH-53</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_CH-54_Tarhe" title="Sikorsky CH-54 Tarhe">CH-54 Tarhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_UH-60_Black_Hawk" title="Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk">UH-60 Black Hawk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_HH-60_Pave_Hawk" title="Sikorsky HH-60 Pave Hawk">HH-60G Pave Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_MH-60_Jayhawk" title="Sikorsky MH-60 Jayhawk">HH-60J/MH-60T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_SH-60_Seahawk" title="Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk">MH-60R/S Seahawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_SH-60_Seahawk" title="Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk">SH-60B/F Seahawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_H-60" title="Mitsubishi H-60">H-60J/K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_UH-60_Black_Hawk" title="Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk">VH-60</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing%E2%80%93Sikorsky_RAH-66_Comanche" title="Boeing–Sikorsky RAH-66 Comanche">RAH-66 Comanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_VH-92_Patriot" title="Sikorsky VH-92 Patriot">VH-92 Patriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_CH-124_Sea_King" title="Sikorsky CH-124 Sea King">CH-124 Sea King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_CH-148_Cyclone" title="Sikorsky CH-148 Cyclone">CH-148 Cyclone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-73" title="Sikorsky S-73">HLH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experimental aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Cypher" title="Sikorsky Cypher">Cypher/Cypher II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Firefly" title="Sikorsky Firefly">Firefly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-97_Raider" title="Sikorsky S-97 Raider">Raider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_Raider_X" title="Sikorsky Raider X">Raider X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky%E2%80%93Boeing_SB-1_Defiant" title="Sikorsky–Boeing SB-1 Defiant">SB-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_X2" title="Sikorsky X2">X2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_XBLR-3" title="Sikorsky XBLR-3">XBLR-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_XV-2" title="Sikorsky XV-2">XV-2</a></li></ul> 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