CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <title>February | 2013 | The RePEc Blog</title> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://blog.repec.org/xmlrpc.php" /> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' />  <script id="wpcom_remote_login_js"> var wpcom_remote_login_extra_auth = ''; function wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( element_id ) { var dom_node = document.getElementById( element_id ); if ( dom_node ) { dom_node.parentNode.removeChild( dom_node ); } } function wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_classes( class_name ) { var dom_nodes = document.querySelectorAll( '.' + class_name ); for ( var i = 0; i < dom_nodes.length; i++ ) { dom_nodes[ i ].parentNode.removeChild( dom_nodes[ i ] ); } } function wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup() { wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_classes( "wpcom_remote_login_msg" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_validate" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_js" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_request_access_iframe" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_request_access_styles" ); } // Watch for messages back from the remote login window.addEventListener( "message", function( e ) { if ( e.origin === "https://r-login.wordpress.com" ) { var data = {}; try { data = JSON.parse( e.data ); } catch( e ) { wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup(); return; } if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN' ) { // Clean up the login check iframe wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); var id_regex = new RegExp( /^[0-9]+$/ ); var token_regex = new RegExp( /^.*|.*|.*$/ ); if ( token_regex.test( data.token ) && id_regex.test( data.wpcomid ) ) { // We have everything we need to ask for a login var script = document.createElement( "script" ); script.setAttribute( "id", "wpcom_remote_login_validate" ); script.src = '/remote-login.php?wpcom_remote_login=validate' + '&wpcomid=' + data.wpcomid + '&token=' + encodeURIComponent( data.token ) + '&host=' + window.location.protocol + '//' + window.location.hostname + '&postid=912' + '&is_singular='; document.body.appendChild( script ); } return; } // Safari ITP, not logged in, so redirect if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN-REDIRECT' ) { window.location = 'https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=' + window.location.href; return; } // Safari ITP, storage access failed, remove the request if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN-REMOVE' ) { var css_zap = 'html { -webkit-transition: margin-top 1s; transition: margin-top 1s; } /* 9001 */ html { margin-top: 0 !important; } * html body { margin-top: 0 !important; } @media screen and ( max-width: 782px ) { html { margin-top: 0 !important; } * html body { margin-top: 0 !important; } }'; var style_zap = document.createElement( 'style' ); style_zap.type = 'text/css'; style_zap.appendChild( document.createTextNode( css_zap ) ); document.body.appendChild( style_zap ); var e = document.getElementById( 'wpcom_request_access_iframe' ); e.parentNode.removeChild( e ); document.cookie = 'wordpress_com_login_access=denied; path=/; max-age=31536000'; return; } // Safari ITP if ( data.msg === 'REQUEST_ACCESS' ) { console.log( 'request access: safari' ); // Check ITP iframe enable/disable knob if ( wpcom_remote_login_extra_auth !== 'safari_itp_iframe' ) { return; } // If we are in a "private window" there is no ITP. var private_window = false; try { var opendb = window.openDatabase( null, null, null, null ); } catch( e ) { private_window = true; } if ( private_window ) { console.log( 'private window' ); return; } var iframe = document.createElement( 'iframe' ); iframe.id = 'wpcom_request_access_iframe'; iframe.setAttribute( 'scrolling', 'no' ); iframe.setAttribute( 'sandbox', 'allow-storage-access-by-user-activation allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation' ); iframe.src = 'https://r-login.wordpress.com/remote-login.php?wpcom_remote_login=request_access&origin=' + encodeURIComponent( data.origin ) + '&wpcomid=' + encodeURIComponent( data.wpcomid ); var css = 'html { -webkit-transition: margin-top 1s; transition: margin-top 1s; } /* 9001 */ html { margin-top: 46px !important; } * html body { margin-top: 46px !important; } @media screen and ( max-width: 660px ) { html { margin-top: 71px !important; } * html body { margin-top: 71px !important; } #wpcom_request_access_iframe { display: block; height: 71px !important; } } #wpcom_request_access_iframe { border: 0px; height: 46px; position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; z-index: 99999; background: #23282d; } '; var style = document.createElement( 'style' ); style.type = 'text/css'; style.id = 'wpcom_request_access_styles'; style.appendChild( document.createTextNode( css ) ); document.body.appendChild( style ); document.body.appendChild( iframe ); } if ( data.msg === 'DONE' ) { wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup(); } } }, false ); // Inject the remote login iframe after the page has had a chance to load // more critical resources window.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", function( e ) { var iframe = document.createElement( "iframe" ); iframe.style.display = "none"; iframe.setAttribute( "scrolling", "no" ); iframe.setAttribute( "id", "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); iframe.src = "https://r-login.wordpress.com/remote-login.php" + "?wpcom_remote_login=key" + "&origin=aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLnJlcGVjLm9yZw%3D%3D" + "&wpcomid=5564166" + "&time=1732510052"; document.body.appendChild( iframe ); }, false ); </script> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s1.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s2.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The RePEc Blog » Feed" href="https://blog.repec.org/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The RePEc Blog » Comments Feed" href="https://blog.repec.org/comments/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ function addLoadEvent(func) { var oldonload = window.onload; if (typeof window.onload != 'function') { window.onload = func; } else { window.onload = function () { oldonload(); func(); } } } /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/wpcom-smileys\/twemoji\/2\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/wpcom-smileys\/twemoji\/2\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?m=1719498190i&ver=6.8-alpha-59438"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-0-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/infinity/themes/pub/contempt.css?m=1340012884i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-2-1' href='https://s0.wp.com/_static/??-eJydzMsOwiAQheEXEibEXtKF8VmATggVgcwMNby91U13LlyenHw/vKryJQtmgZpaiJkhtGM6pHA8hLCbRU96ANdiWsGl4h8qRUeWOrD0hNozX+Bn6KsYNpRqP9z20kQFiuu/CbISc+CT3583M1/NMg6zGbc3O1tP4A==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-inline-css'> .has-text-align-justify { text-align:justify; } .has-text-align-justify{text-align:justify;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-4-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJzTLy/QzcxLzilNSS3WzyrWz01NyUxMzUnNTc0rQeEU5CRWphbp5qSmJyZX6uVm5uklFxfr6OPTDpRD5sM02efaGpoZmFkYGRuZGmQBAHPvL0Y=&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-6-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/coblocks/2.18.1-simple-rev.4/dist/coblocks-style.css?m=1681832297i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-8-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJx9jcEKg0AMRH+oaVhorR7Eb9E16IpZg8min2889FZ6GYbhPQYPgbhlo2zIBWQtU8qKcdvJd5be0AmmMfW0Ejv2jKoP/K0daZzIXNdvB6PzvyJ+A8MgO6mCJ6fCYLN/6e113IZXU9WfUL/DcgHSTkDo&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans: 'Albert Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya: Alegreya, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--arvo: Arvo, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda: 'Bodoni Moda', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque: 'Bricolage Grotesque', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cabin: Cabin, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--chivo: Chivo, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner: Commissioner, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant: Cormorant, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime: 'Courier Prime', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro: 'Crimson Pro', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono: 'DM Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display: 'DM Serif Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--domine: Domine, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond: 'EB Garamond', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue: Epilogue, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang: Fahkwang, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--figtree: Figtree, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans: 'Fira Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one: 'Fjalla One', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces: Fraunces, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito: Gabarito, system-ui;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans: 'IBM Plex Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova: 'Ibarra Real Nova', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif: 'Instrument Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--inter: Inter, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans: 'Josefin Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--jost: Jost, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville: 'Libre Baskerville', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--literata: Literata, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--lora: Lora, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather: Merriweather, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat: Montserrat, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader: Newsreader, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono: 'Noto Sans Mono', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--nunito: Nunito, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--overpass: Overpass, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif: 'PT Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--petrona: Petrona, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla: Piazzolla, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display: 'Playfair Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--poppins: Poppins, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--raleway: Raleway, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto: Roboto, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab: 'Roboto Slab', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rubik: Rubik, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rufina: Rufina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--sora: Sora, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4: 'Source Serif 4', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono: 'Space Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--syne: Syne, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--texturina: Texturina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist: Urbanist, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans: 'Work Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-albert-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans) !important;}.has-alegreya-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya) !important;}.has-arvo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--arvo) !important;}.has-bodoni-moda-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda) !important;}.has-bricolage-grotesque-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque) !important;}.has-cabin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cabin) !important;}.has-chivo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--chivo) !important;}.has-commissioner-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner) !important;}.has-cormorant-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant) !important;}.has-courier-prime-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime) !important;}.has-crimson-pro-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro) !important;}.has-dm-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono) !important;}.has-dm-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans) !important;}.has-dm-serif-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display) !important;}.has-domine-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--domine) !important;}.has-eb-garamond-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond) !important;}.has-epilogue-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue) !important;}.has-fahkwang-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang) !important;}.has-figtree-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--figtree) !important;}.has-fira-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans) !important;}.has-fjalla-one-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one) !important;}.has-fraunces-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces) !important;}.has-gabarito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans) !important;}.has-ibarra-real-nova-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova) !important;}.has-instrument-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif) !important;}.has-inter-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--inter) !important;}.has-josefin-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans) !important;}.has-jost-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--jost) !important;}.has-libre-baskerville-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville) !important;}.has-libre-franklin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin) !important;}.has-literata-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--literata) !important;}.has-lora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--lora) !important;}.has-merriweather-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather) !important;}.has-montserrat-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat) !important;}.has-newsreader-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader) !important;}.has-noto-sans-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono) !important;}.has-nunito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--nunito) !important;}.has-open-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans) !important;}.has-overpass-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--overpass) !important;}.has-pt-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif) !important;}.has-petrona-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--petrona) !important;}.has-piazzolla-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla) !important;}.has-playfair-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display) !important;}.has-plus-jakarta-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans) !important;}.has-poppins-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--poppins) !important;}.has-raleway-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--raleway) !important;}.has-roboto-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto) !important;}.has-roboto-slab-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab) !important;}.has-rubik-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rubik) !important;}.has-rufina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rufina) !important;}.has-sora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--sora) !important;}.has-source-sans-3-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3) !important;}.has-source-serif-4-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4) !important;}.has-space-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono) !important;}.has-syne-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--syne) !important;}.has-texturina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--texturina) !important;}.has-urbanist-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist) !important;}.has-work-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans) !important;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-10-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??-eJx9i0EKhDAMRS80nSBU1IV4Fi2xVtKmmBSZ24+60o27/z7vwZ6N46SYFHTBiAK5THBdMSuI/gi/TuQDNzMWk6n4kAQ2nIj9MT0c1g3fIo9siN2ogdMDzExj2M50iH1l687atqns+gfTiT2v&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='print-css-11-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/global-print/global-print.css?m=1465851035i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='print' /> <style id='jetpack-global-styles-frontend-style-inline-css'> :root { --font-headings: unset; --font-base: unset; --font-headings-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; --font-base-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-14-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/h4/global.css?m=1420737423i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpcom-actionbar-placeholder-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var actionbardata = {"siteID":"5564166","postID":"0","siteURL":"https:\/\/blog.repec.org","xhrURL":"https:\/\/blog.repec.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"6984c1d5ab","isLoggedIn":"","statusMessage":"","subsEmailDefault":"instantly","proxyScriptUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/js\/wpcom-proxy-request.js?ver=20211021","i18n":{"followedText":"New posts from this site will now appear in your <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/read\">Reader<\/a>","foldBar":"Collapse this bar","unfoldBar":"Expand this bar"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-mu-wpcom-settings-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var JETPACK_MU_WPCOM_SETTINGS = {"assetsUrl":"https:\/\/s1.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin\/moon\/vendor\/automattic\/jetpack-mu-wpcom\/src\/build\/"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s1.wp.com/wp-content/js/rlt-proxy.js?m=1720530689i'></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="rlt-proxy-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ rltInitialize( {"token":null,"iframeOrigins":["https:\/\/widgets.wp.com"]} ); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://repec.wordpress.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress.com" />  <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="February 2013 – The RePEc Blog" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="The RePEc Blog" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://s0.wp.com/i/blank.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@CZimm_economist" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@CZimm_economist" />  <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico" sizes="16x16 24x24 32x32 48x48" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico" sizes="16x16 24x24 32x32 48x48" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://s2.wp.com/i/webclip.png" /> <link rel='openid.server' href='https://blog.repec.org/?openidserver=1' /> <link rel='openid.delegate' href='https://blog.repec.org/' /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://blog.repec.org/osd.xml" title="The RePEc Blog" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://s1.wp.com/opensearch.xml" title="WordPress.com" /> <style type="text/css">.recentcomments a{display:inline !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important;}</style> <style type="text/css"> .recentcomments a { display: inline !important; padding: 0 !important; margin: 0 !important; } table.recentcommentsavatartop img.avatar, table.recentcommentsavatarend img.avatar { border: 0px; margin: 0; } table.recentcommentsavatartop a, table.recentcommentsavatarend a { border: 0px !important; background-color: transparent !important; } td.recentcommentsavatarend, td.recentcommentsavatartop { padding: 0px 0px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; } td.recentcommentstextend { border: none !important; padding: 0px 0px 2px 10px; } .rtl td.recentcommentstextend { padding: 0px 10px 2px 0px; } td.recentcommentstexttop { border: none; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; } .rtl td.recentcommentstexttop { padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; } </style> <meta name="application-name" content="The RePEc Blog" /><meta name="msapplication-window" content="width=device-width;height=device-height" /><meta name="msapplication-tooltip" content="Information about Research Papers in Economics (RePEc)" /><meta name="description" content="3 posts published by Christian Zimmermann and Ekkehart Schlicht during February 2013" /> <style type="text/css"> #headerimg{ background: url(https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blue_flower/head.jpg) no-repeat; } #header h1 a, .description { color:#E5F2E9; } </style> </head> <body class="archive date customizer-styles-applied jetpack-reblog-enabled"> <div id="page"> <div id="header"> <div id="headerimg" onclick="location.href='https://blog.repec.org';" style="cursor: pointer;"> <h1><a href="https://blog.repec.org/">The RePEc Blog</a></h1> <div class="description">Information about Research Papers in Economics (RePEc)</div> </div> </div> <ul id="pagebar" class="menu pagebar"><li ><a href="https://blog.repec.org/">Home</a></li></ul> <div id="grad" style="height: 65px; width: 100%; background: url(https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blue_flower/topgrad.jpg);"> </div> <div id="content"> <div class="post-912 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-repec-features" id="post-912"> <h2><a href="https://blog.repec.org/2013/02/25/the-repec-biblio/" rel="bookmark">The RePEc Biblio</a></h2> <small>February 25, 2013</small><br /> <div class="entry"> <p>We are proud to announce the launch of the latest RePEc initiative, the <A HREF="http://biblio.repec.org/">RePEc Biblio</A>. This is a hand-selected collection of the most relevant articles and papers on a wide variety of economics topics. RePEc Biblio is organized as a tree, narrowing the topics as you follow its branches. </p> <p>The RePEc Biblio lives from the contributions of volunteer editors. Consider helping out if you have taught a class on a topic and have already put together a literature list. Feel also free to contribute your vision of the best papers from your area of research. Volunteer editors are welcome to sign up to populate the tree, either by contacting the manager or the relevant topic editor who can open a sub-topic or sub-sub-topic. We are looking for editors in both the broadest and narrowest fields. And to encourage good editing, readers can rate the topic entries.</p> <p>Note that IDEAS links from papers, articles, editor profiles, and JEL codes to the relevant RePEc Biblio topics. Authors also find mention of their papers in RePEc Biblio on their IDEAS citation pages. </p> </div> <p class="postmetadata"> <img src="https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blog/speech_bubble.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2013/02/25/the-repec-biblio/#respond">Leave a Comment »</a> | <img src="https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blog/documents.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/repec-features/" rel="category tag">RePEc features</a> | <img src="https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blog/permalink.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2013/02/25/the-repec-biblio/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to The RePEc Biblio">Permalink</a> <br /><img src="https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blog/figure_ver1.gif" alt="" /> Posted by Christian Zimmermann </p> </div> <hr /> <div class="post-894 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-bibliographic-features-in-repec category-dissemination-of-research-in-economics category-economics-profession category-repec-rankings" id="post-894"> <h2><a href="https://blog.repec.org/2013/02/14/the-purpose-of-journals/" rel="bookmark">The Purpose of Journals</a></h2> <small>February 14, 2013</small><br /> <div class="entry"> <p>The editor of the <a title="Economics Bulletin" href="http://www.economicsbulletin.com/" target="_blank">Economics Bulletin</a>, John Conley, has noted that <a href="http://www.accessecon.com/includes/CountdownloadPDF.aspx?PaperID=EB-12-00810" target="_blank">many things go wrong with economic journals</a>. Here is the abstract of his letter:</p> <blockquote><p>This letter calls attention a recent trend in economics publishing that seems to have slipped under the radar: large increases in submissions rates across a wide range of economics journals and steeply declining acceptance rates as a consequence. It is argued that this is bad for scholarly communication, bad for economics as a science, and imposes significant and wasteful costs on editors, referees. authors. and especially young people trying to establish themselves in the profession. It is further argued that the new “Big Deal” business model used by commercial publishers is primarily responsible for this situation. Finally it is argued that this presents a compelling reason to take advantage of new technologies to take control of certifying and distributing research away from commercial publishers and return it to scholarly community.</p></blockquote> <p>According to Conley,</p> <blockquote><p>The purpose of academic journals is to facilitate scholarly communication, filter for errors, and maintain the record of scientific advance.</p></blockquote> <p>This is, in my opinion, an idealized conception that does not reflect the purpose of economic journals anymore. For economic research, the current economic journals are largely redundant. Conley himself notes this:</p> <blockquote><p>I seldom actually read journals any more. I research topics using Google Scholar, RePEc, SSRN, and so on. It is inconvenient to sign up with publishers to get tables of contents emailed to me or to login to my university’s library web portal to search a journal issue by issue. I find it adds very little value over a more general search in any event. In short, certification remains important to help people gain tenure and promotion and to get a sense of the quality and centrality of individual scholars. However, neither certification by a journal, nor the collection of similar papers within the bound or even electronic pages of a specific journal has very much meaning to me when I am trying to understand where the debate in a subfield is at any given moment. As a result, I was beginning to come to the conclusion that while they are irritating, commercial publishers are “mostly harmless” to the research enterprise itself as publishing itself is becoming mostly irrelevant.</p></blockquote> <p>This coincides with my own observation: <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2009/12/16/why-journals/" target="_blank">researchers don’t need journals</a>. The main purpose of the journals is currently to ease the work of hiring committees. People publish in order to get a job. The wish to communicate new findings appears secondary in most cases.</p> <p>Journals could serve worthier aims, however: they are needed by students, college teachers, and others who would like to obtain reliable information but can not as easily separate the wheat from the chaff as active researchers can.</p> <p>The important point Conley is making is, however, that the current journal system, although largely irrelevant for research, is nevertheless</p> <blockquote><p>bad for scholarly communication, bad for economics as a science, and imposes significant and wasteful costs on editors, referees. authors. and especially young people trying to establish themselves in the profession.</p></blockquote> <p>I fear, however, that John Conley’s suggestion to increase the number of journals would not improve the situation very much. As long as hiring committees use the reputation of journals, rather than the reputation of individuals, a useful system of “communication, filter for errors, and maintain the record of scientific advance” is practically blocked.</p> <p>What can be done besides increasing the number of journals? Here some further suggestions.</p> <p>1. Hiring committees can restrict the number of papers to be considered for judging an applicant to, say, three and disregard all other writings. This may help to reduce the number of publications and thereby reduce the need for further journals; it would also tilt the quality-quantity trade-off in favor of quality. (I think this has been a practice in Berkeley.)</p> <p>2. Hiring committees that feel incompetent to judge the substantive quality of a contribution and have to resort to statistics of some sort may turn to citation counts of individual authors, as obtainable through Google Scholar, Web of Science, or RePEc). This is a better solution than the the current practice of relying on the prestige of journals and would take account of the fact that <a href="http://ideas.repec.org/p/wrk/warwec/744.html" target="_blank">many papers in top journals are not so good, and medium-quality journals publish excellent articles.</a></p> </div> <p class="postmetadata"> <img src="https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blog/speech_bubble.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2013/02/14/the-purpose-of-journals/#comments">2 Comments</a> | <img src="https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blog/documents.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/bibliographic-features-in-repec/" rel="category tag">Bibliographic features in RePEc</a>, <a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/dissemination-of-research-in-economics/" rel="category tag">Dissemination of research in Economics</a>, <a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/economics-profession/" rel="category tag">Economics Profession</a>, <a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/repec-rankings/" rel="category tag">RePEc rankings</a> | <img src="https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blog/permalink.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2013/02/14/the-purpose-of-journals/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to The Purpose of Journals">Permalink</a> <br /><img src="https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blog/figure_ver1.gif" alt="" /> Posted by Ekkehart Schlicht </p> </div> <hr /> <div class="post-891 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-workings-of-repec" id="post-891"> <h2><a href="https://blog.repec.org/2013/02/04/repec-in-january-2013/" rel="bookmark">RePEc in January 2013</a></h2> <small>February 4, 2013</small><br /> <div class="entry"> <p>We have inaugurated this month MyIDEAS, the personal space on IDEAS that allows a user to follow other authors, series, journals and JEL codes. One can as well build a bibliography and organize it in folders. Find the login at the top of most IDEAS pages or directly <A HREF="http://ideas.repec.org/cgi-bin/myideas.cgi">here</A>.</p> <p>We have also welcomed the following institutions with new RePEc archives: Otaru University of Commerce, Romanian Distribution Committee, City University (II), UNDP (II), University of Cambridge (III), Universidad de Oviedo (II), University of Cambridge (II), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ukrainian Journal Ekonomist. Also with the over 1500 participating archives, this pushed us to over 1.2 million research items available on-line. Also, a record 610 people signed up on the RePEc Author Service. We counted 2,235,346 abstract views and 554,912 downloads from the reporting RePEc services over last month.</p> <p>In terms of thresholds we surpassed, we can report the following:</p> <p>1200000 items available on-line<br /> 800000 listed journal articles<br /> 750000 listed on-line journal articles</p> </div> <p class="postmetadata"> <img src="https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blog/speech_bubble.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2013/02/04/repec-in-january-2013/#respond">Leave a Comment »</a> | <img src="https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blog/documents.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/workings-of-repec/" rel="category tag">Workings of RePEc</a> | <img src="https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blog/permalink.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2013/02/04/repec-in-january-2013/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to RePEc in January 2013">Permalink</a> <br /><img src="https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blog/figure_ver1.gif" alt="" /> Posted by Christian Zimmermann </p> </div> <hr /> <div class="navigation"> <div class="alignleft"></div> <div class="alignright"></div> </div> </div> <div id="sidebar"> <ul> <li> <p>You are currently browsing the <a href="https://blog.repec.org/">The RePEc Blog</a> blog archives for February, 2013.</p> </li> <li id="text-278912801" class="widget widget_text"> <div class="textwidget"><IMG SRC="https://i0.wp.com/repec.org/img/repec.gif" HEIGHT="29" WIDTH="126"></div> </li> <li id="text-278912802" class="widget widget_text"><h2 class="widgettitle">About this blog</h2> <div class="textwidget">Welcome to the RePEc blog. We, the RePEc team, discuss here the workings of RePEc and seek input from the community on how we can improve. We also want to give more volunteers opportunity to be part of this project and provide valuable services to the profession. Finally, we also discuss issues about the dissemination of research in Economics. </div> </li> <li id="rss-2" class="widget widget_rss"><h2 class="widgettitle"><a class="rsswidget" href="https://ideas.repec.org/nepblogs.xml" title="Syndicate this content"><img style="background: orange; color: white; border: none;" width="14" height="14" src="https://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/rss.png?m=1354137473i" alt="RSS" /></a> <a class="rsswidget" href="http://nep.repec.org" title="Discussions about the latest research in Economics">NEP Blogs</a></h2> <ul><li><a class='rsswidget' href='https://nepara.wordpress.com/' title=''>NEP-ARA: Economics of the MENA - Middle East and North Africa</a></li><li><a class='rsswidget' href='https://nepdge.wordpress.com/' title=''>NEP-DGE: Dynamic General Equilibrium</a></li><li><a class='rsswidget' href='https://nephist.wordpress.com/' title=''>NEP-HIS: Business, Economic and Financial History</a></li><li><a class='rsswidget' href='https://nepint.wordpress.com/' title=''>NEP-INT: International Trade</a></li><li><a class='rsswidget' href='https://nepltv.wordpress.com/' title=''>NEP-LTV: Unemployment, Inequality and Poverty</a></li><li><a class='rsswidget' href='https://nepopm.wordpress.com/' title=''>NEP-OPM: Open Macroeconomics</a></li><li><a class='rsswidget' href='https://cashlesssociety.wordpress.com/' title=''>NEP-PAY: The Cashless Society</a></li></ul></li> <li id="blog_subscription-3" class="widget widget_blog_subscription jetpack_subscription_widget"><h2 class="widgettitle"><label for="subscribe-field">Follow Blog via Email</label></h2> <div class="wp-block-jetpack-subscriptions__container"> <form action="https://subscribe.wordpress.com" method="post" accept-charset="utf-8" data-blog="5564166" data-post_access_level="everybody" id="subscribe-blog" > <p>Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email.</p> <p id="subscribe-email"> <label id="subscribe-field-label" for="subscribe-field" class="screen-reader-text" > Email Address: </label> <input type="email" name="email" style="width: 95%; padding: 1px 10px" placeholder="Email Address" value="" id="subscribe-field" required /> </p> <p id="subscribe-submit" > <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe"/> <input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="5564166"/> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://blog.repec.org/2013/02/"/> <input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="widget"/> <input type="hidden" name="redirect_fragment" value="subscribe-blog"/> <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="64c8157ced" /> <button type="submit" class="wp-block-button__link" > Follow </button> </p> </form> <div class="wp-block-jetpack-subscriptions__subscount"> Join 6,189 other subscribers </div> </div> </li> <li id="linkcat-13640227" class="widget widget_links"><h2 class="widgettitle">RePEc</h2> <ul class='xoxo blogroll'> <li><a href="http://ideas.repec.org/faq.html">FAQs</a></li> <li><a href="http://ideas.repec.org/stepbystep.html">Open your local RePEc archive</a></li> <li><a href="http://ideas.repec.org/archives.html">Participating archives</a></li> <li><a href="http://repec.org/">RePEc homepage</a></li> <li><a href="http://ideas.repec.org/team.html" title="This is us!">RePEc team</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.repec.org/2009/05/23/suggestion-box/">Suggestion box</a></li> <li><a href="http://ideas.repec.org/volunteers.html" title="Participate in RePEc!">Volunteer opportunities</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="linkcat-13638717" class="widget widget_links"><h2 class="widgettitle">RePEc services</h2> <ul class='xoxo blogroll'> <li><a href="http://citec.repec.org/" title="Citation analysis">CitEc</a></li> <li><a href="http://collec.repec.org/">CollEc</a></li> <li><a href="http://socionet.ru/" title="Bibliographic database">Соционет</a></li> <li><a href="http://econacademics.org/">EconAcademics blog aggregator</a></li> <li><a href="http://econpapers.repec.org/" title="Bibliographic database">EconPapers</a></li> <li><a href="http://edirc.repec.org/">EDIRC</a></li> <li><a href="http://ideas.repec.org/" title="Bibliographic database">IDEAS</a></li> <li><a href="http://logec.repec.org" title="Download statistics">LogEc</a></li> <li><a href="http://nep.repec.org/" title="Email announcements of new papers">NEP</a></li> <li><a href="http://ideas.repec.org/top/" title="Journals, series, authors, institutions">Rankings</a></li> <li><a href="http://authors.repec.org" title="Create your author profile in RePEc">RePEc Author Service</a></li> <li><a href="http://biblio.repec.org/" title="Curated bibliography of economics">RePEc Biblio</a></li> <li><a href="http://genealogy.repec.org/" title="Academic Family tree of economists">RePEc Genealogy</a></li> <li><a href="http://plagiarsim.repec.org">RePEc Plagiarism Committee</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="linkcat-139644" class="widget widget_links"><h2 class="widgettitle">Various other links</h2> <ul class='xoxo blogroll'> <li><a href="http://arxiv.org">arXiv.org</a></li> <li><a href="http://biorxiv.org/">bioRxiv</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/fosblog.html">Open Access news</a></li> <li><a href="http://rfe.org/">Resources for Economists</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="authors-2" class="widget widget_authors"><h2 class="widgettitle">Authors</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://blog.repec.org/author/annaoates/"><strong>annaoates</strong></a></li><li><strong>bbatiz</strong></li><li><a href="https://blog.repec.org/author/bdfresearch/"><strong>Soledad Zignago</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://blog.repec.org/author/bgoffe/"><strong>Bill Goffe</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://blog.repec.org/author/ekkehart/"><strong>Ekkehart Schlicht</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://blog.repec.org/author/jobarcru/"><strong>Jose Manuel Barrueco</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://blog.repec.org/author/kitbaum/"><strong>Kit Baum</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://blog.repec.org/author/krichel/"><strong>Thomas Krichel</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://blog.repec.org/author/r14160/"><strong>Christian Zimmermann</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://blog.repec.org/author/repecblogguest/"><strong>repecblogguest</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://blog.repec.org/author/sparinov/"><strong>Sergey Parinov</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://blog.repec.org/author/sunekarlsson/"><strong>Sune Karlsson</strong></a></li></ul></li> <li id="archives-2" class="widget widget_archive"><h2 class="widgettitle">Archives</h2> <ul> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2024/11/'>November 2024</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2024/10/'>October 2024</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2024/09/'>September 2024</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2024/08/'>August 2024</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2024/07/'>July 2024</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2024/06/'>June 2024</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2024/05/'>May 2024</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2024/04/'>April 2024</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2024/03/'>March 2024</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2024/02/'>February 2024</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2024/01/'>January 2024</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2023/12/'>December 2023</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2023/11/'>November 2023</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2023/10/'>October 2023</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2023/09/'>September 2023</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2023/08/'>August 2023</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2023/07/'>July 2023</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2023/06/'>June 2023</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2023/05/'>May 2023</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2023/04/'>April 2023</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2023/03/'>March 2023</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2023/02/'>February 2023</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2023/01/'>January 2023</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2022/12/'>December 2022</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2022/11/'>November 2022</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2022/10/'>October 2022</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2022/09/'>September 2022</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2022/08/'>August 2022</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2022/07/'>July 2022</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2022/06/'>June 2022</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2022/05/'>May 2022</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2022/04/'>April 2022</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2022/03/'>March 2022</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2022/02/'>February 2022</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2022/01/'>January 2022</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2021/12/'>December 2021</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2021/11/'>November 2021</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2021/10/'>October 2021</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2021/09/'>September 2021</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2021/08/'>August 2021</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2021/07/'>July 2021</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2021/06/'>June 2021</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2021/05/'>May 2021</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2021/04/'>April 2021</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2021/03/'>March 2021</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2021/02/'>February 2021</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2021/01/'>January 2021</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2020/12/'>December 2020</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2020/11/'>November 2020</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2020/10/'>October 2020</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2020/09/'>September 2020</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2020/08/'>August 2020</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2020/07/'>July 2020</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2020/06/'>June 2020</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2020/05/'>May 2020</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2020/04/'>April 2020</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2020/03/'>March 2020</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2020/02/'>February 2020</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2020/01/'>January 2020</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2019/12/'>December 2019</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2019/11/'>November 2019</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2019/10/'>October 2019</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2019/09/'>September 2019</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2019/08/'>August 2019</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2019/07/'>July 2019</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2019/06/'>June 2019</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2019/05/'>May 2019</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2019/04/'>April 2019</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2019/03/'>March 2019</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2019/02/'>February 2019</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2019/01/'>January 2019</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2018/12/'>December 2018</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2018/11/'>November 2018</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2018/10/'>October 2018</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2018/09/'>September 2018</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2018/08/'>August 2018</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2018/07/'>July 2018</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2018/06/'>June 2018</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2018/05/'>May 2018</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2018/04/'>April 2018</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2018/03/'>March 2018</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2018/02/'>February 2018</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2018/01/'>January 2018</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2017/12/'>December 2017</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2017/11/'>November 2017</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2017/10/'>October 2017</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2017/09/'>September 2017</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2017/08/'>August 2017</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2017/07/'>July 2017</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2017/06/'>June 2017</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2017/05/'>May 2017</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2017/04/'>April 2017</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2017/03/'>March 2017</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2017/02/'>February 2017</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2017/01/'>January 2017</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2016/12/'>December 2016</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2016/11/'>November 2016</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2016/10/'>October 2016</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2016/09/'>September 2016</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2016/08/'>August 2016</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2016/07/'>July 2016</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2016/06/'>June 2016</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2016/05/'>May 2016</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2016/04/'>April 2016</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2016/03/'>March 2016</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2016/02/'>February 2016</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2016/01/'>January 2016</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2015/12/'>December 2015</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2015/11/'>November 2015</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2015/10/'>October 2015</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2015/09/'>September 2015</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2015/08/'>August 2015</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2015/07/'>July 2015</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2015/06/'>June 2015</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2015/05/'>May 2015</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2015/04/'>April 2015</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2015/03/'>March 2015</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2015/02/'>February 2015</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2015/01/'>January 2015</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2014/12/'>December 2014</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2014/11/'>November 2014</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2014/10/'>October 2014</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2014/09/'>September 2014</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2014/08/'>August 2014</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2014/07/'>July 2014</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2014/06/'>June 2014</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2014/05/'>May 2014</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2014/04/'>April 2014</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2014/03/'>March 2014</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2014/02/'>February 2014</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2014/01/'>January 2014</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2013/12/'>December 2013</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2013/11/'>November 2013</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2013/10/'>October 2013</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2013/09/'>September 2013</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2013/08/'>August 2013</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2013/07/'>July 2013</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2013/06/'>June 2013</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2013/05/'>May 2013</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2013/04/'>April 2013</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2013/03/'>March 2013</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2013/02/' aria-current="page">February 2013</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2013/01/'>January 2013</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2012/12/'>December 2012</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2012/11/'>November 2012</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2012/10/'>October 2012</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2012/09/'>September 2012</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2012/08/'>August 2012</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2012/07/'>July 2012</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2012/06/'>June 2012</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2012/05/'>May 2012</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2012/04/'>April 2012</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2012/03/'>March 2012</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2012/02/'>February 2012</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2012/01/'>January 2012</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2011/12/'>December 2011</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2011/11/'>November 2011</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2011/10/'>October 2011</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2011/09/'>September 2011</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2011/08/'>August 2011</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2011/07/'>July 2011</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2011/06/'>June 2011</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2011/05/'>May 2011</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2011/04/'>April 2011</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2011/03/'>March 2011</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2011/02/'>February 2011</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2011/01/'>January 2011</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2010/12/'>December 2010</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2010/11/'>November 2010</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2010/10/'>October 2010</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2010/09/'>September 2010</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2010/08/'>August 2010</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2010/07/'>July 2010</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2010/06/'>June 2010</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2010/05/'>May 2010</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2010/04/'>April 2010</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2010/03/'>March 2010</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2010/02/'>February 2010</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2010/01/'>January 2010</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2009/12/'>December 2009</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2009/11/'>November 2009</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2009/10/'>October 2009</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2009/09/'>September 2009</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2009/08/'>August 2009</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2009/07/'>July 2009</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2009/06/'>June 2009</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2009/05/'>May 2009</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2009/04/'>April 2009</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2009/03/'>March 2009</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2009/02/'>February 2009</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2009/01/'>January 2009</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2008/12/'>December 2008</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2008/11/'>November 2008</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2008/10/'>October 2008</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2008/09/'>September 2008</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2008/08/'>August 2008</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2008/07/'>July 2008</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2008/06/'>June 2008</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2008/05/'>May 2008</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2008/04/'>April 2008</a> (6)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2008/03/'>March 2008</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2008/02/'>February 2008</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2008/01/'>January 2008</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2007/12/'>December 2007</a> (7)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2007/11/'>November 2007</a> (7)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2007/10/'>October 2007</a> (5)</li> </ul> </li> <li id="categories-295375041" class="widget widget_categories"><h2 class="widgettitle">Categories</h2> <ul> <li class="cat-item cat-item-15307967"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/bibliographic-features-in-repec/">Bibliographic features in RePEc</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-15307953"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/dissemination-of-research-in-economics/">Dissemination of research in Economics</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-13638668"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/economics-profession/">Economics Profession</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-4117876"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/going-off-on-a-tangent/">Going off on a tangent</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-36718326"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/open-access-2/">Open Access</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-55276"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/open-archives/">Open Archives</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-15307984"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/repec-blog-policy/">RePEc blog policy</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-13638670"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/repec-features/">RePEc features</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-15307944"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/repec-policy-discussion/">RePEc policy discussion</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-15307904"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/repec-rankings/">RePEc rankings</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-15307897"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/repec-volunteers/">RePEc volunteers</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-15308001"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/temporary-repec-announcements/">Temporary RePEc announcements</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/uncategorized/">Uncategorized</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-16704204"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/use-of-repec-data/">Use of RePEc data</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-13638674"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/workings-of-repec/">Workings of RePEc</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="recent-posts-2" class="widget widget_recent_entries"> <h2 class="widgettitle">Recent Posts</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2024/11/05/repec-in-october-2024/">RePEc in October 2024</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2024/10/08/repec-in-september-2024/">RePEc in September 2024</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2024/09/05/repec-in-august-2024/">RePEc in August 2024</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2024/08/08/repec-in-july-2024/">RePEc in July 2024</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2024/07/03/repec-in-june-2024/">RePEc in June 2024</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2024/07/01/which-locations-use-repec-the-most/">Which locations use RePEc the most?</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2024/06/07/repec-in-may-2024/">RePEc in May 2024</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2024/05/06/repec-in-april-2024/">RePEc in April 2024</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2024/04/05/repec-in-march-2024/">RePEc in March 2024</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2024/03/05/repec-in-february-2024/">RePEc in February 2024</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2024/02/06/repec-in-january-2024/">RePEc in January 2024</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2024/01/04/repec-in-december-2023-and-a-look-back-at-2023/">RePEc in December 2023, and a look back at 2023</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2023/12/05/repec-in-november-2023/">RePEc in November 2023</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2023/11/07/repec-in-october-2023/">RePEc in October 2023</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2023/10/11/repec-in-september-2023/">RePEc in September 2023</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="text-278912803" class="widget widget_text"><h2 class="widgettitle">Comment policy</h2> <div class="textwidget">To post a comment, you need to be registered with this blog with a valid email address. Your first comment may be delayed for verification purposes. Note: you may need to create a new account if your old one predated the <A HREF="https://blog.repec.org/2008/11/19/the-blog-has-moved-to-a-new-host/">move to our new blog service</A>.</div> </li> <li id="recent-comments-2" class="widget widget_recent_comments"><h2 class="widgettitle">Recent Comments</h2> <ul id="recentcomments"> <li class="recentcomments"> GINSBURGH Victor on <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2024/06/07/repec-in-may-2024/#comment-33313">RePEc in May 2024</a> </li> <li class="recentcomments"> Willy Schuettelbier on <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2023/10/11/repec-in-september-2023/#comment-32207">RePEc in September 2023</a> </li> <li class="recentcomments"> <a href="http://ideas.repec.org/zimm/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Christian Zimmermann</a> on <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2023/10/11/repec-in-september-2023/#comment-32205">RePEc in September 2023</a> </li> <li class="recentcomments"> Willy Schuettelbier on <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2023/10/11/repec-in-september-2023/#comment-32204">RePEc in September 2023</a> </li> <li class="recentcomments"> <a href="http://ideas.repec.org/zimm/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Christian Zimmermann</a> on <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2023/10/11/repec-in-september-2023/#comment-32199">RePEc in September 2023</a> </li> <li class="recentcomments"> Willy Schuettelbier on <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2023/10/11/repec-in-september-2023/#comment-32198">RePEc in September 2023</a> </li> <li class="recentcomments"> <a href="http://ideas.repec.org/zimm/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Christian Zimmermann</a> on <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2022/08/08/repec-in-july-2022/#comment-31996">RePEc in July 2022</a> </li> <li class="recentcomments"> <a href="https://telkomuniversity.ac.id/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">apriliakinanti</a> on <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2022/08/08/repec-in-july-2022/#comment-31973">RePEc in July 2022</a> </li> <li class="recentcomments"> abdulwasayimperiumdynamicscom on <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2022/11/04/how-to-create-a-good-pdf/#comment-31915">How to create a (good) PDF</a> </li> <li class="recentcomments"> <a href="http://ideas.repec.org/zimm/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Christian Zimmermann</a> on <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2022/08/05/repec-genealogy-the-academic-family-tree-of-economists/#comment-31818">RePEc Genealogy, the academic family tree of economists</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="search-3" class="widget widget_search"><h2 class="widgettitle">Search the RePEc blog</h2> <form method="get" id="searchform" action="https://blog.repec.org/"> <div><label for="s" class="search-label">Search</label><input type="text" value="" name="s" id="s" /> <input type="submit" id="searchsubmit" value="Search" /> </div> </form></li> <li id="meta-2" class="widget widget_meta"><h2 class="widgettitle">Meta</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://wordpress.com/start?ref=wplogin">Register</a></li> <li><a href="https://repec.wordpress.com/wp-login.php">Log in</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.repec.org/feed/">Entries feed</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.repec.org/comments/feed/">Comments feed</a></li> <li><a href="https://wordpress.com/" title="Powered by WordPress, state-of-the-art semantic personal publishing platform.">WordPress.com</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="footer"> <p> <br /> <a href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_blog" rel="nofollow">Blog at WordPress.com.</a> </p> </div> </div>  <div style="display:none"> </div> <div id="actionbar" style="display: none;" class="actnbr-pub-contempt actnbr-has-follow"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="m4 4.5h12v6.5h1.5v-6.5-1.5h-1.5-12-1.5v1.5 10.5c0 1.1046.89543 2 2 2h7v-1.5h-7c-.27614 0-.5-.2239-.5-.5zm10.5 2h-9v1.5h9zm-5 3h-4v1.5h4zm3.5 1.5h-1v1h1zm-1-1.5h-1.5v1.5 1 1.5h1.5 1 1.5v-1.5-1-1.5h-1.5zm-2.5 2.5h-4v1.5h4zm6.5 1.25h1.5v2.25h2.25v1.5h-2.25v2.25h-1.5v-2.25h-2.25v-1.5h2.25z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-following no-display" href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16 4.5H4V15C4 15.2761 4.22386 15.5 4.5 15.5H11.5V17H4.5C3.39543 17 2.5 16.1046 2.5 15V4.5V3H4H16H17.5V4.5V12.5H16V4.5ZM5.5 6.5H14.5V8H5.5V6.5ZM5.5 9.5H9.5V11H5.5V9.5ZM12 11H13V12H12V11ZM10.5 9.5H12H13H14.5V11V12V13.5H13H12H10.5V12V11V9.5ZM5.5 12H9.5V13.5H5.5V12Z" fill="#008A20"></path><path class="following-icon-tick" d="M13.5 16L15.5 18L19 14.5" stroke="#008A20" stroke-width="1.5"></path></svg> <span>Subscribed</span> </a> <div class="actnbr-popover tip tip-top-left actnbr-notice" id="follow-bubble"> <div class="tip-arrow"></div> <div class="tip-inner actnbr-follow-bubble"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-sitename"> <a href="https://blog.repec.org"> <img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png' srcset='https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png 1x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /> The RePEc Blog </a> </li> <div class="actnbr-message no-display"></div> <form method="post" action="https://subscribe.wordpress.com" accept-charset="utf-8" style="display: none;"> <div class="actnbr-follow-count">Join 443 other subscribers</div> <div> <input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Enter your email address" class="actnbr-email-field" aria-label="Enter your email address" /> </div> <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe" /> <input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="5564166" /> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://blog.repec.org/2013/02/" /> <input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="actionbar-follow" /> <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="64c8157ced" /> <div class="actnbr-button-wrap"> <button type="submit" value="Sign me up"> Sign me up </button> </div> </form> <li class="actnbr-login-nudge"> <div> Already have a WordPress.com account? <a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fr-login.wordpress.com%2Fremote-login.php%3Faction%3Dlink%26back%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fblog.repec.org%252F2013%252F02%252F25%252Fthe-repec-biblio%252F">Log in now.</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="actnbr-ellipsis actnbr-hidden"> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-ellipsis" height="24" width="24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M7 12c0 1.104-.896 2-2 2s-2-.896-2-2 .896-2 2-2 2 .896 2 2zm12-2c-1.104 0-2 .896-2 2s.896 2 2 2 2-.896 2-2-.896-2-2-2zm-7 0c-1.104 0-2 .896-2 2s.896 2 2 2 2-.896 2-2-.896-2-2-2z"/></g></svg> <div class="actnbr-popover tip tip-top-left actnbr-more"> <div class="tip-arrow"></div> <div class="tip-inner"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-sitename"> <a href="https://blog.repec.org"> <img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png' srcset='https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png 1x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /> The RePEc Blog </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-folded-customize"> <a href="https://repec.wordpress.com/wp-admin/customize.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Frepec.wordpress.com%2F2013%2F02%2F"> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-customize" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M2 6c0-1.505.78-3.08 2-4 0 .845.69 2 2 2 1.657 0 3 1.343 3 3 0 .386-.08.752-.212 1.09.74.594 1.476 1.19 2.19 1.81L8.9 11.98c-.62-.716-1.214-1.454-1.807-2.192C6.753 9.92 6.387 10 6 10c-2.21 0-4-1.79-4-4zm12.152 6.848l1.34-1.34c.607.304 1.283.492 2.008.492 2.485 0 4.5-2.015 4.5-4.5 0-.725-.188-1.4-.493-2.007L18 9l-2-2 3.507-3.507C18.9 3.188 18.225 3 17.5 3 15.015 3 13 5.015 13 7.5c0 .725.188 1.4.493 2.007L3 20l2 2 6.848-6.848c1.885 1.928 3.874 3.753 5.977 5.45l1.425 1.148 1.5-1.5-1.15-1.425c-1.695-2.103-3.52-4.092-5.448-5.977z"/></g></svg> <span>Customize</span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-folded-follow"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="m4 4.5h12v6.5h1.5v-6.5-1.5h-1.5-12-1.5v1.5 10.5c0 1.1046.89543 2 2 2h7v-1.5h-7c-.27614 0-.5-.2239-.5-.5zm10.5 2h-9v1.5h9zm-5 3h-4v1.5h4zm3.5 1.5h-1v1h1zm-1-1.5h-1.5v1.5 1 1.5h1.5 1 1.5v-1.5-1-1.5h-1.5zm-2.5 2.5h-4v1.5h4zm6.5 1.25h1.5v2.25h2.25v1.5h-2.25v2.25h-1.5v-2.25h-2.25v-1.5h2.25z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-following no-display" href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16 4.5H4V15C4 15.2761 4.22386 15.5 4.5 15.5H11.5V17H4.5C3.39543 17 2.5 16.1046 2.5 15V4.5V3H4H16H17.5V4.5V12.5H16V4.5ZM5.5 6.5H14.5V8H5.5V6.5ZM5.5 9.5H9.5V11H5.5V9.5ZM12 11H13V12H12V11ZM10.5 9.5H12H13H14.5V11V12V13.5H13H12H10.5V12V11V9.5ZM5.5 12H9.5V13.5H5.5V12Z" fill="#008A20"></path><path class="following-icon-tick" d="M13.5 16L15.5 18L19 14.5" stroke="#008A20" stroke-width="1.5"></path></svg> <span>Subscribed</span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-signup"><a href="https://wordpress.com/start/">Sign up</a></li> <li class="actnbr-login"><a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fr-login.wordpress.com%2Fremote-login.php%3Faction%3Dlink%26back%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fblog.repec.org%252F2013%252F02%252F25%252Fthe-repec-biblio%252F">Log in</a></li> <li class="flb-report"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/abuse/?report_url=https://blog.repec.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Report this content </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-reader"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/read/feeds/253067"> View site in Reader </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-subs"> <a href="https://subscribe.wordpress.com/">Manage subscriptions</a> </li> <li class="actnbr-fold"><a href="">Collapse this bar</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <script> window.addEventListener( "load", function( event ) { var link = document.createElement( "link" ); link.href = "https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/actionbar/actionbar.css?v=20241015"; link.type = "text/css"; link.rel = "stylesheet"; document.head.appendChild( link ); var script = document.createElement( "script" ); script.src = "https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/actionbar/actionbar.js?v=20231122"; script.defer = true; document.body.appendChild( script ); } ); </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s1.wp.com/wp-content/js/mobile-useragent-info.js?m=1609849039i'></script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function () { var wpcom_reblog = { source: 'toolbar', toggle_reblog_box_flair: function (obj_id, post_id) { // Go to site selector. This will redirect to their blog if they only have one. const postEndpoint = `https://wordpress.com/post`; // Ideally we would use the permalink here, but fortunately this will be replaced with the // post permalink in the editor. const originalURL = `${ document.location.href }?page_id=${ post_id }`; const url = postEndpoint + '?url=' + encodeURIComponent( originalURL ) + '&is_post_share=true' + '&v=5'; const redirect = function () { if ( ! window.open( url, '_blank' ) ) { location.href = url; } }; if ( /Firefox/.test( navigator.userAgent ) ) { setTimeout( redirect, 0 ); } else { redirect(); } }, }; window.wpcom_reblog = wpcom_reblog; })(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // <![CDATA[ (function() { try{ if ( window.external &&'msIsSiteMode' in window.external) { if (window.external.msIsSiteMode()) { var jl = document.createElement('script'); jl.type='text/javascript'; jl.async=true; jl.src='/wp-content/plugins/ie-sitemode/custom-jumplist.php'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(jl, s); } } }catch(e){} })(); // ]]> </script><script src="//stats.wp.com/w.js?67" defer></script> <script type="text/javascript"> _tkq = window._tkq || []; _stq = window._stq || []; _tkq.push(['storeContext', {'blog_id':'5564166','blog_tz':'0','user_lang':'en','blog_lang':'en','user_id':'0'}]); _stq.push(['view', {'blog':'5564166','v':'wpcom','tz':'0','user_id':'0','subd':'repec'}]); _stq.push(['extra', {'crypt':'UE40eW5QN0p8M2Y/RE1mNzc2NTVTamdsd0xoLz9RQkM2K298TXY9bERQMXc2MjhEaVZfb2wwakRoSj0mUkp1THptM1NdbkV1WjZIcU9mVWQmPUIvMlN6Jk8wW3NYVEJ3dWZOWExuWD8lRDBtMGt1TUV2L1hfaUF5M3Jvd0d5XUxVdHBFbGFWM0tOTDYuPW5wLUI4PzlfWDNOLnxHVmhaP1R4Tlg2RD84U1AzeUI/ZEloLHxzVGY9WHIuUlQzYkJWS01GdyxEQmNbTXk3LnBxSVAudDNXYjFiclRvX29QSGhjSD9jU2ssa1p5OFIwRDRCKy58WmxENn56Y35sRnIzbXJiWlBlPTg1bn40Tkd5bGZIK0syRC1VJk1GR0pIdGRDP1ZvNDNTZ2p4enx2eWpvM2N2RWQwPTdlLy9tWUhi'}]); _stq.push([ 'clickTrackerInit', '5564166', '0' ]); </script> <noscript><img src="https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" style="height:1px;width:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;bottom:1px;" alt="" /></noscript> <script defer id="bilmur" data-customproperties="{"logged_in":"0","wptheme":"pub\/contempt","wptheme_is_block":"0"}" data-provider="wordpress.com" data-service="simple" src="/wp-content/js/bilmur.min.js?i=12&m=202448"></script><script defer id="bilmur" data-customproperties="{"logged_in":"0","wptheme":"pub\/contempt","wptheme_is_block":"0"}" data-provider="wordpress.com" data-service="simple" src="/wp-content/js/bilmur-4.min.js?i=12&m=202448"></script><script> ( function() { function getMobileUserAgentInfo() { if ( typeof wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info === 'object' ) { wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.init(); var mobileStatsQueryString = ''; if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedPlatformName !== false ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'mobile_platforms' + '=' + wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedPlatformName; } if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedUserAgentName !== false ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'mobile_devices' + '=' + wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedUserAgentName; } if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.isIPad() ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'ipad_views' + '=' + 'views'; } if ( mobileStatsQueryString != '' ) { new Image().src = document.location.protocol + '//pixel.wp.com/g.gif?v=wpcom-no-pv' + mobileStatsQueryString + '&baba=' + Math.random(); } } } document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', getMobileUserAgentInfo ); } )(); </script> </body> </html>