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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foundation_of_the_monarchy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation_of_the_monarchy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Foundation of the monarchy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation_of_the_monarchy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-During_the_British_Raj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#During_the_British_Raj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>During the British Raj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-During_the_British_Raj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_protectorate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_protectorate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Indian protectorate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_protectorate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merger_and_statehood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merger_and_statehood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Merger and statehood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merger_and_statehood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Recent history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Flora and fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_Parks_and_Wildlife_Sanctuaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Parks_and_Wildlife_Sanctuaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Parks_and_Wildlife_Sanctuaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Government and politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Subdivisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Roads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Ethnicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Festivals_and_holidays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals_and_holidays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Festivals and holidays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals_and_holidays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Towns_and_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Towns_and_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Towns and cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Towns_and_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading_and_bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading_and_bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Further reading and bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading_and_bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.1</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_information" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_information"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.2</span> <span>General information</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_information-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> 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<div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sikkim</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 123 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-123" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">123 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B2%E1%8A%AA%E1%88%9D" title="ሲኪም – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሲኪም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE" title="सिक्किम – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="सिक्किम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85" title="سيكيم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيكيم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE" title="ছিক্কিম – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ছিক্কিম" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85" title="سیکیم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سیکیم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE" title="সিকিম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সিকিম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Сікім – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сікім" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Сыкім – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сыкім" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE" title="सिक्किम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सिक्किम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Сиким – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сиким" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%97%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="འབྲས་ལྗོངས། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འབྲས་ལྗོངས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Сикким – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сикким" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%90%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%86%DE%A9%DE%89%DE%B0" title="ސިއްކީމް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ސިއްކީމް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE" title="सिक्किम – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="सिक्किम" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BC" title="Σίκκιμ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σίκκιμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikimo" title="Sikimo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sikimo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85" title="سیکیم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیکیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AE" title="સિક્કિમ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સિક્કિમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%ED%82%B4%EC%A3%BC" title="시킴주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시킴주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%B4" title="Սիկկիմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սիկկիմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE" title="सिक्किम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सिक्किम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikim" title="Sikim – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Sikim" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE" title="সিকিম – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="সিকিম" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Сикким – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сикким" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D" title="סיקים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סיקים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82" title="ಸಿಕ್ಕಿಂ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಿಕ್ಕಿಂ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="სიკიმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სიკიმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%90%DA%A9%D9%90%D9%85" title="سِکِم – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="سِکِم" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikima" title="Sikima – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sikima" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikimas" title="Sikimas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sikimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szikkim" title="Szikkim – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szikkim" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE" title="सिक्किम – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="सिक्किम" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Сиким – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сиким" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82" title="സിക്കിം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിക്കിം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE" title="सिक्कीम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सिक्कीम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="სიკიმი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სიკიმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85" title="سیکیم – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سیکیم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9B%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9D" title="ꯁꯤꯛꯀꯤꯝ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯤꯛꯀꯤꯝ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Сикким – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сикким" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="ဆစ်ကင်ပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆစ်ကင်ပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE" title="सिक्किम – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सिक्किम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE" title="सिक्किम – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सिक्किम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%83%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A0%E5%B7%9E" title="シッキム州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シッキム州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Сикким – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Сикким" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AE" title="ସିକିମ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସିକିମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekkim" title="Sekkim – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sekkim" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%AE" title="ਸਿੱਕਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਿੱਕਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%85" title="سکم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سکم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%85" title="سيکيم – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سيکيم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siquim" title="Siquim – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Siquim" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Сикким – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сикким" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="सिक्किमराज्यम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सिक्किमराज्यम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A" title="සිකිම් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සිකිම්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikim" title="Sikim – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sikim" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85" title="سیکیم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سیکیم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Сиким – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сиким" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikim" title="Sikim – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sikim" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சிக்கிம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிக்கிம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Сикким – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сикким" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82" title="సిక్కిం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సిక్కిం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1" title="รัฐสิกขิม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐสิกขิม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Сикким – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Сикким" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82" title="ಸಿಕ್ಕಿಂ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಸಿಕ್ಕಿಂ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Сіккім – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сіккім" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%85" title="سکم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سکم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8C%AB%E9%87%91" title="錫金 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="錫金" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E9%87%91%E9%82%A6" title="锡金邦 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="锡金邦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Sikkim" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8C%AB%E9%87%91" title="錫金 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="錫金" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li 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searchaux" style="display:none">State in northeastern India</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Sikkim_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Sikkim (disambiguation)">Sikkim (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in Northeast India, India</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Sikkim</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">State of Sikkim</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid white;width:300px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:1px 0 0 1px"><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buddha_statue_at_Buddha_Park_of_Ravangla,_Sikkim,_India_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Buddha_statue_at_Buddha_Park_of_Ravangla%2C_Sikkim%2C_India_%281%29.jpg/149px-Buddha_statue_at_Buddha_Park_of_Ravangla%2C_Sikkim%2C_India_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Buddha_statue_at_Buddha_Park_of_Ravangla%2C_Sikkim%2C_India_%281%29.jpg/224px-Buddha_statue_at_Buddha_Park_of_Ravangla%2C_Sikkim%2C_India_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Buddha_statue_at_Buddha_Park_of_Ravangla%2C_Sikkim%2C_India_%281%29.jpg/298px-Buddha_statue_at_Buddha_Park_of_Ravangla%2C_Sikkim%2C_India_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3520" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Monks_in_the_monastery,_Tibet_(50891777212).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Monks_in_the_monastery%2C_Tibet_%2850891777212%29.jpg/149px-Monks_in_the_monastery%2C_Tibet_%2850891777212%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Monks_in_the_monastery%2C_Tibet_%2850891777212%29.jpg/224px-Monks_in_the_monastery%2C_Tibet_%2850891777212%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Monks_in_the_monastery%2C_Tibet_%2850891777212%29.jpg/298px-Monks_in_the_monastery%2C_Tibet_%2850891777212%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4482" data-file-height="2988" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunrise_over_Kangchenjunga.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Sunrise_over_Kangchenjunga.jpg/149px-Sunrise_over_Kangchenjunga.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Sunrise_over_Kangchenjunga.jpg/224px-Sunrise_over_Kangchenjunga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Sunrise_over_Kangchenjunga.jpg/298px-Sunrise_over_Kangchenjunga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1216" data-file-height="809" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gurudongmar.Lake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Gurudongmar.Lake.jpg/149px-Gurudongmar.Lake.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Gurudongmar.Lake.jpg/224px-Gurudongmar.Lake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Gurudongmar.Lake.jpg/298px-Gurudongmar.Lake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rumtek_Monastery_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Rumtek_Monastery_04.jpg/149px-Rumtek_Monastery_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Rumtek_Monastery_04.jpg/224px-Rumtek_Monastery_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Rumtek_Monastery_04.jpg/298px-Rumtek_Monastery_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5067" data-file-height="3378" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Temi_tea_garden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Temi_tea_garden.jpg/149px-Temi_tea_garden.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Temi_tea_garden.jpg/224px-Temi_tea_garden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Temi_tea_garden.jpg/298px-Temi_tea_garden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">(from top, left to right) <a href="/wiki/Buddha_Park_of_Ravangla" title="Buddha Park of Ravangla">Buddha Park of Ravangla</a>; Monks in a Monastery; <a href="/wiki/Kangchenjunga" title="Kangchenjunga">Kangchenjunga</a>; <a href="/wiki/Gurudongmar_Lake" title="Gurudongmar Lake">Gurudongmar Lake</a>; <a href="/wiki/Rumtek_Monastery" title="Rumtek Monastery">Rumtek Monastery</a>; <a href="/wiki/Temi_Tea_Garden" title="Temi Tea Garden">Temi Tea Garden</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Sikkim.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Sikkim"><img alt="Official emblem of Sikkim" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Seal_of_Sikkim.svg/125px-Seal_of_Sikkim.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Seal_of_Sikkim.svg/188px-Seal_of_Sikkim.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Seal_of_Sikkim.svg/250px-Seal_of_Sikkim.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="755" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Sikkim" title="Emblem of Sikkim">Emblem of Sikkim</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Etymology: New Palace</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">"Valley of Rice"</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_mottos" title="List of Indian state mottos">Motto</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><a href="/wiki/Trailokyavijaya" title="Trailokyavijaya">Kham sum wangdu</a> (Conqueror of the three worlds)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IN-SK.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Sikkim in India"><img alt="The map of India showing Sikkim" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/IN-SK.svg/300px-IN-SK.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/IN-SK.svg/450px-IN-SK.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/IN-SK.svg/600px-IN-SK.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="583" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Sikkim in India</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="height:0px"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Before was</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sikkim" title="Kingdom of Sikkim">Kingdom of Sikkim</a></td></tr><tr class="[[Kingdom of Sikkim]] mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Admission to union</th><td class="infobox-data">16 May 1975</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">and largest city</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India" title="List of districts in India">Districts</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Sikkim" title="List of districts of Sikkim">6</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sikkim" title="Government of Sikkim">Government of Sikkim</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Sikkim" title="List of governors of Sikkim">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Om_Prakash_Mathur" title="Om Prakash Mathur">Om Prakash Mathur</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Sikkim" title="List of chief ministers of Sikkim">Chief minister</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prem_Singh_Tamang" title="Prem Singh Tamang">Prem Singh Tamang</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Krantikari_Morcha" title="Sikkim Krantikari Morcha">SKM</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/State_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="State Legislature">State Legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Unicameral</b></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_India" title="State legislative assemblies of India">Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Legislative_Assembly" title="Sikkim Legislative Assembly">Sikkim Legislative Assembly</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Legislative_Assembly" title="Sikkim Legislative Assembly">32 seats</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National Parliament</th><td class="infobox-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a></b></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_Rajya_Sabha#Sikkim" title="List of current members of the Rajya Sabha">1 seat</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha#Sikkim" title="List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha">1 seat</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/High_courts_of_India" title="High courts of India">High Court</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_High_Court" title="Sikkim High Court">Sikkim High Court</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">7,096 km<sup>2</sup> (2,740 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_area" title="List of states and union territories of India by area">27th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Dimensions<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Length</th><td class="infobox-data">116 km (72 mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Width</th><td class="infobox-data">65 km (40 mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,650 m (5,410 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Kangchenjunga" title="Kangchenjunga">Kangchenjunga</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">8,586 m (28,169 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (border with West Bengal<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">280 m (920 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2011)<sup id="cite_ref-Cens2011Up_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cens2011Up-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Neutral increase"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /></span></span> 610,577</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_population" title="List of states and union territories of India by population">32nd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">86/km<sup>2</sup> (220/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">25.15%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rural<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">74.85%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Language<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_with_official_status_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages with official status in India">Official</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bhutia_language" title="Bhutia language">Bhutia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_language" title="Lepcha language">Lepcha</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li></ul></div><sup id="cite_ref-langoff1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-langoff1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-langoff_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-langoff-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_with_official_status_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages with official status in India">Additional official</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurung_language" title="Gurung language">Gurung</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_language" title="Limbu language">Limbu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Magar_language" title="Magar language">Magar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language" title="Sunwar language">Mukhia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Newari_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Newari language">Newari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rai_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Rai languages">Rai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sherpa_language" title="Sherpa language">Sherpa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tamang_language" title="Tamang language">Tamang</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2023-24)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>47,000 crore (<span style="white-space: nowrap">US$</span>6.0 billion)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_GDP" title="List of Indian states and union territories by GDP">29th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">₹</a></span>587,743</span> (US$6,800) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of Indian states and union territories by GDP per capita">1st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B05:30" title="UTC+05:30">UTC+05:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:IN" title="ISO 3166-2:IN">IN-SK</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Regional_Transport_Office_districts_in_India" title="List of Regional Transport Office districts in India">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">SK</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2019)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.764 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#090">Very High</span> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Indian states and union territories by Human Development Index">10th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy">Literacy</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2011)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 81.42% (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_literacy_rate" title="List of Indian states and union territories by literacy rate">13th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sex_ratio" title="Sex ratio">Sex ratio</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2011)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">890<a href="/wiki/Female" title="Female">♀</a>/1000 <a href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">♂</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_sex_ratio" title="List of states and union territories of India by sex ratio">10th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sikkim.gov.in">www<wbr />.sikkim<wbr />.gov<wbr />.in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Symbols of Sikkim</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Sikkim.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Seal_of_Sikkim.svg/80px-Seal_of_Sikkim.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Seal_of_Sikkim.svg/120px-Seal_of_Sikkim.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Seal_of_Sikkim.svg/160px-Seal_of_Sikkim.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="755" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Sikkim" title="Emblem of Sikkim">Emblem of Sikkim</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="height:0px"></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_foundation_days" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian state foundation days">Foundation day</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Day" title="Sikkim Day">Sikkim Day</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_birds" title="List of Indian state birds">Bird</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Blood_pheasant" title="Blood pheasant">Blood pheasant</a><sup id="cite_ref-Dhar1999_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dhar1999-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fish</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Neolissochilus_hexagonolepis" title="Neolissochilus hexagonolepis">Copper Mahseer</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_flowers" title="List of Indian state flowers">Flower</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dendrobium_nobile" title="Dendrobium nobile">Noble dendrobium</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_animals" title="List of Indian state animals">Mammal</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Red_panda" title="Red panda">Red panda</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_trees" title="List of Indian state trees">Tree</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rhododendron" title="Rhododendron">Rhododendron</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>State highway mark</b></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SH_IN-SK.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/SH_IN-SK.png/90px-SH_IN-SK.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/SH_IN-SK.png/135px-SH_IN-SK.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/SH_IN-SK.png/180px-SH_IN-SK.png 2x" data-file-width="1538" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">State highway of Sikkim <br /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_highways_in_Sikkim" title="List of state highways in Sikkim">SK SH1 – SK SH27</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_symbols" title="List of Indian state symbols">List of Indian state symbols</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sikkim</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">SIK</span>-im</i></a>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Nepali:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ne-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nepali" title="Help:IPA/Nepali">[ˈsikːim]</a></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">state</a> in northeastern <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. It borders the <a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet Autonomous Region</a> of China in the north and northeast, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> in the east, <a href="/wiki/Koshi_Province" title="Koshi Province">Koshi Province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> in the west, and <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a> in the south. Sikkim is also close to the <a href="/wiki/Siliguri_Corridor" title="Siliguri Corridor">Siliguri Corridor</a>, which borders <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>. Sikkim is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_population" title="List of states and union territories of India by population">least populous</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_area" title="List of states and union territories of India by area">second-smallest</a> among the Indian states. Situated in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Himalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Himalaya">Eastern Himalaya</a>, Sikkim is notable for its <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Alpine_climate" title="Alpine climate">alpine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subtropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropical">subtropical</a> climates, as well as being a host to <a href="/wiki/Kangchenjunga" title="Kangchenjunga">Kangchenjunga</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_India" title="List of mountains in India">highest peak in India</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_mountains_on_Earth" title="List of highest mountains on Earth">third-highest on Earth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oneill_khecheopalri_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oneill_khecheopalri-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sikkim's <a href="/wiki/Capital_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital (political)">capital</a> and largest city is <a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a>. Almost 35% of the state is covered by <a href="/wiki/Khangchendzonga_National_Park" title="Khangchendzonga National Park">Khangchendzonga National Park</a> – a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sikkim" title="Kingdom of Sikkim">Kingdom of Sikkim</a> was founded by the <a href="/wiki/Chogyal" title="Chogyal">Namgyal dynasty</a> in the 17th century. It was ruled by <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> priest-kings known as the <a href="/wiki/Chogyal" title="Chogyal">Chogyal</a>. It became a <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely state</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="British Indian Empire">British Indian Empire</a> in 1890. Following Indian independence, Sikkim continued its <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">protectorate</a> status with the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">Union of India</a> after 1947 and the Republic of India after 1950. It enjoyed the highest literacy rate and per capita income among <a href="/wiki/Himalayan_states" title="Himalayan states">Himalayan states</a>. In 1973, anti-royalist riots took place in front of the Chogyal's palace. In 1975, after the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a> took over the city of Gangtok, a <a href="/wiki/1975_Sikkimese_monarchy_referendum" title="1975 Sikkimese monarchy referendum">referendum</a> was held that led to the dissolution of the monarchy and Sikkim's joining India as its 22nd state.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern Sikkim is a <a href="/wiki/Multiethnic" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiethnic">multiethnic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Multilingual" class="mw-redirect" title="Multilingual">multilingual</a> Indian state. The <a href="/wiki/Official_languages_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Official languages of India">official languages</a> of the state are <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutia_language" title="Bhutia language">Bhutia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lepcha_language" title="Lepcha language">Lepcha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-langoff1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-langoff1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additional official languages include <a href="/wiki/Gurung_language" title="Gurung language">Gurung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limbu_language" title="Limbu language">Limbu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magar_language" title="Magar language">Magar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language" title="Sunwar language">Mukhia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newari_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Newari language">Newari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiranti_languages" title="Kiranti languages">Rai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sherpa_language" title="Sherpa language">Sherpa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tamang_language" title="Tamang language">Tamang</a> for the purpose of preservation of culture and tradition in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-langoff_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-langoff-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">English</a> is taught in schools and used in government documents. The predominant religion is <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, with a significant <a href="/wiki/Vajrayana_Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Vajrayana Buddhist">Vajrayana Buddhist</a> minority. Sikkim's economy is largely dependent on agriculture and tourism. As of 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sikkim&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the state had <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_by_GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian states by GDP">the fifth-smallest GDP among Indian states</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-mospi_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mospi-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although it is also among the fastest-growing.<sup id="cite_ref-Unidow_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unidow-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-StatMin_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StatMin-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h2></div> <p>The name <i>Sikkim</i> is believed to be a combination of the <a href="/wiki/Limbu_language" title="Limbu language">Limbu</a> words <i>su</i> "new" and <i>khyim</i> "palace" or "house".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Standard_Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Tibetan">Tibetan</a> name for Sikkim is <i>Drenjong</i> (Wylie-transliteration: <i>bras ljongs</i>), which means "valley of <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-Bell25_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell25-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the <a href="/wiki/Bhutia" title="Bhutia">Bhutias</a> call it <i><a href="/wiki/Beyul" title="Beyul">Beyul</a> Demazong</i>, which means "the hidden valley of rice".<sup id="cite_ref-sikkimtourismintro_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sikkimtourismintro-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to folklore, after establishing Rabdentse as his new capital, Bhutia king <a href="/wiki/Tensung_Namgyal" title="Tensung Namgyal">Tensung Namgyal</a> built a palace and asked his Limbu Queen to name it. The <a href="/wiki/Lepcha_people" title="Lepcha people">Lepcha people</a>, the original inhabitants of Sikkim, called it <i>Nye-mae-el</i>, meaning "paradise".<sup id="cite_ref-sikkimtourismintro_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sikkimtourismintro-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In historical <a href="/wiki/Indian_literature" title="Indian literature">Indian literature</a>, Sikkim is known as <i>Indrakil</i>, the garden of the <a href="/wiki/War_god" class="mw-redirect" title="War god">war god</a> <a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Sikkim" title="History of Sikkim">History of Sikkim</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guru_rimpoche_at_samdruptse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Guru_rimpoche_at_samdruptse.jpg/220px-Guru_rimpoche_at_samdruptse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Guru_rimpoche_at_samdruptse.jpg/330px-Guru_rimpoche_at_samdruptse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Guru_rimpoche_at_samdruptse.jpg/440px-Guru_rimpoche_at_samdruptse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Guru_Rinpoche" class="mw-redirect" title="Guru Rinpoche">Guru Rinpoche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of Sikkim</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Lepcha_people" title="Lepcha people">Lepchas</a> are considered to be the earliest inhabitants of Sikkim.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However the <a href="/wiki/Limbu_people" title="Limbu people">Limbus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Magars" title="Magars">Magars</a> also lived in the inaccessible parts of West and South districts as early as the Lepchas perhaps lived in the East and North districts.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Buddhist saint <a href="/wiki/Padmasambhava" title="Padmasambhava">Padmasambhava</a>, also known as Guru Rinpoche, passed through the land in the 8th century.<sup id="cite_ref-SikkimEcclDept_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SikkimEcclDept-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Guru is reported to have blessed the land, introduced <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, and foretold the era of monarchy that would arrive in Sikkim centuries later.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation_of_the_monarchy">Foundation of the monarchy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sikkim" title="Kingdom of Sikkim">Kingdom of Sikkim</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sikkim_(1967-1975).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Sikkim_%281967-1975%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_Sikkim_%281967-1975%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Sikkim_%281967-1975%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_Sikkim_%281967-1975%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Sikkim_%281967-1975%29.svg/440px-Flag_of_Sikkim_%281967-1975%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Sikkim" title="Flag of Sikkim">Flag of Sikkim</a> during its independent monarchy.</figcaption></figure> <p>According to legend, <a href="/wiki/Khye_Bumsa" title="Khye Bumsa">Khye Bumsa</a>, a 14th-century prince from the <a href="/wiki/Minyak" class="mw-redirect" title="Minyak">Minyak</a> House in <a href="/wiki/Kham" title="Kham">Kham</a> in eastern <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>, received a <a href="/wiki/Divine_revelation" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine revelation">divine revelation</a> instructing him to travel south to seek his fortunes. A fifth-generation descendant of Khye Bumsa, <a href="/wiki/Phuntsog_Namgyal" title="Phuntsog Namgyal">Phuntsog Namgyal</a>, became the founder of Sikkim's monarchy in 1642, when he was consecrated as the first <a href="/wiki/Chogyal" title="Chogyal">Chogyal</a>, or priest-king, of Sikkim by the three venerated <a href="/wiki/Lama" title="Lama">lamas</a> at <a href="/wiki/Yuksom" title="Yuksom">Yuksom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phuntsog Namgyal was succeeded in 1670 by his son, <a href="/wiki/Tensung_Namgyal" title="Tensung Namgyal">Tensung Namgyal</a>, who moved the capital from Yuksom to <a href="/wiki/Rabdentse" title="Rabdentse">Rabdentse</a> (near modern <a href="/wiki/Pelling" title="Pelling">Pelling</a>). In 1700, Sikkim was invaded by the <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutanese</a> with the help of the half-sister of the Chogyal, who had been denied the throne. The Bhutanese were driven away by the <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan people">Tibetan people</a>, who restored the throne to the <a href="/wiki/Chogyal" title="Chogyal">Chogyal</a> ten years later. Between 1717 and 1733, the kingdom faced many raids by the Nepalese in the west and Bhutanese in the east, culminating with the destruction of the capital <a href="/wiki/Rabdentse" title="Rabdentse">Rabdentse</a> by the Nepalese.<sup id="cite_ref-StrategicSikkim1985_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StrategicSikkim1985-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1791, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> sent troops to support Sikkim and defend <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Gorkha_Kingdom" title="Gorkha Kingdom">Gorkha Kingdom</a>. Following the subsequent defeat of Gorkha, the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> established control over Sikkim.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="During_the_British_Raj">During the British Raj</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Historical_Map_of_Sikkim_in_northeastern_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Historical_Map_of_Sikkim_in_northeastern_India.jpg/310px-Historical_Map_of_Sikkim_in_northeastern_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Historical_Map_of_Sikkim_in_northeastern_India.jpg/465px-Historical_Map_of_Sikkim_in_northeastern_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Historical_Map_of_Sikkim_in_northeastern_India.jpg/620px-Historical_Map_of_Sikkim_in_northeastern_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4510" data-file-height="3916" /></a><figcaption>An 1876 map of Sikkim, depicting Chomto Dong Lake in northern Sikkim.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the whole of Chumbi and Darjeeling are not depicted as part of Sikkim in the map.</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the beginning of <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British rule</a> in neighbouring India, Sikkim allied with Britain against their common adversary, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>. The Nepalese attacked Sikkim, overrunning most of the region including the <a href="/wiki/Terai" title="Terai">Terai</a>. This prompted the <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a> to attack Nepal, resulting in the <a href="/wiki/Gurkha_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurkha War">Gurkha War</a> of 1814.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Treaties signed between Sikkim and Nepal resulted in the return of the territory annexed by the Nepalese in 1817. However, ties between Sikkim and the British weakened when the latter began taxation of the <a href="/wiki/Morang" class="mw-redirect" title="Morang">Morang</a> region. In 1849, two British <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physicians</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dalton_Hooker" title="Joseph Dalton Hooker">Joseph Dalton Hooker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Campbell_(doctor)" title="Archibald Campbell (doctor)">Archibald Campbell</a>, the latter being the superintendent of Darjeeling, ventured into the mountains of Sikkim with the prior permission of King Tsugphu Namgyal.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The doctors were detained by an influential Dewan,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leading to a punitive British expedition against the kingdom, after which the <a href="/wiki/Darjeeling" title="Darjeeling">Darjeeling</a> district and Morang were annexed to British India in 1853. The Chogyal of Sikkim became a <a href="/wiki/Vassal_state" title="Vassal state">titular ruler</a> under the directive of the British governor as a result of the invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-Hist_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hist-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sikkim became a British <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">protectorate</a> in the later decades of the 19th century, formalised by a <a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Calcutta" title="Convention of Calcutta">convention</a> signed with China in 1890.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERose,_Modernizing_a_Traditional_Administrative_System1978205_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERose,_Modernizing_a_Traditional_Administrative_System1978205-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sethi_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sethi-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sikkim was gradually granted more sovereignty over the next three decades,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Princes" title="Chamber of Princes">Chamber of Princes</a>, the assembly representing the rulers of the Indian <a href="/wiki/Princely_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Princely states">princely states</a>, in 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-Sethi_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sethi-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indian_protectorate">Indian protectorate</h3></div> <p>Prior to <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Indian independence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>, as the Vice-President of the Executive Council, pushed through a resolution in the <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_India" title="Constituent Assembly of India">Indian Constituent Assembly</a> to the effect that Sikkim and Bhutan, as Himalayan states, were not 'Indian states' and their future should be negotiated separately.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuff,_Sikkim:_Requiem_for_a_Himalayan_Kingdom201541_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuff,_Sikkim:_Requiem_for_a_Himalayan_Kingdom201541-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A standstill agreement was signed in February 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuff,_Sikkim:_Requiem_for_a_Himalayan_Kingdom201545_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuff,_Sikkim:_Requiem_for_a_Himalayan_Kingdom201545-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, Indian independence and its move to democracy spurred a fledgling political movement in Sikkim, giving rise to the formation of <a href="/wiki/Sikkim_State_Congress" title="Sikkim State Congress">Sikkim State Congress</a> (SSC), a pro-accession political party. The party sent a plate of demands to the palace, including a demand for accession to India. The palace attempted to defuse the movement by appointing three secretaries from the SSC to the government and sponsoring a counter-movement in the name of <a href="/wiki/Sikkim_National_Party" title="Sikkim National Party">Sikkim National Party</a>, which opposed accession to India.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuff,_Sikkim:_Requiem_for_a_Himalayan_Kingdom201544–45_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuff,_Sikkim:_Requiem_for_a_Himalayan_Kingdom201544–45-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The demand for responsible government continued, and the SSC launched a civil disobedience movement. The Chogyal <a href="/wiki/Palden_Thondup_Namgyal" title="Palden Thondup Namgyal">Palden Thondup Namgyal</a> asked India for help in quelling the movement, which was offered in the form of a small military police force and an Indian <a href="/wiki/Dewan" title="Dewan">Dewan</a>. In 1950, a treaty was agreed between India and Sikkim which gave Sikkim the status of an Indian <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">protectorate</a>. Sikkim came under the <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a> of India, which controlled its external affairs, defence, diplomacy and communications.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other respects, Sikkim retained administrative autonomy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A state council was established in 1953 to allow for constitutional government under the Chogyal. Chogyal <a href="/wiki/Palden_Thondup_Namgyal" title="Palden Thondup Namgyal">Palden Thondup Namgyal</a> was able to preserve autonomy and shape a "model Asian state" where the <a href="/wiki/Literacy_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Literacy rate">literacy rate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Per_capita_income" title="Per capita income">per capita income</a> were twice as high as neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> and India.<sup id="cite_ref-duPlessixGray_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duPlessixGray-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, the <a href="/wiki/Sikkim_National_Congress" title="Sikkim National Congress">Sikkim National Congress</a> demanded fresh elections and greater representation for Nepalis in Sikkim. People marched on the palace against the monarchy.<sup id="cite_ref-duPlessixGray_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duPlessixGray-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1973, anti-royalist agitations took place, which needed to be quelled using Indian security forces.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGupta1975790_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGupta1975790-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Merger_and_statehood">Merger and statehood</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/1975_Sikkimese_monarchy_referendum" title="1975 Sikkimese monarchy referendum">1975 Sikkimese monarchy referendum</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/1975_in_Sikkim" title="1975 in Sikkim">1975</a>, the Prime Minister of Sikkim <a href="/wiki/Kazi_Lhendup_Dorjee" title="Kazi Lhendup Dorjee">Kazi Lhendup Dorjee</a>, appealed to the Indian Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> for Sikkim to become a state of India. In April of that year, the Indian Army took over the city of <a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a> and disarmed the Chogyal's palace guards. Thereafter, <a href="/wiki/1975_Sikkimese_monarchy_referendum" title="1975 Sikkimese monarchy referendum">a referendum</a> was held in which 97.5 per cent of voters supported abolishing the monarchy, effectively approving union with India. India is said to have stationed 20,000–40,000 troops in a country of only 200,000 during the referendum.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 16 May 1975, Sikkim became the 22nd state of the Indian Union, and the monarchy was abolished.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To enable the incorporation of the new state, the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Indian Parliament</a> amended the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Indian Constitution</a>. First, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_amendments_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="List of amendments of the Constitution of India">35th Amendment</a> laid down a set of conditions that made Sikkim an "Associate State", a special designation not used by any other state. A month later, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_amendments_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="List of amendments of the Constitution of India">36th Amendment</a> repealed the 35th Amendment, and made Sikkim a full state, adding its name to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India#First_Schedule" title="Constitution of India">First Schedule</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h3></div> <p>In 2000, the seventeenth <a href="/wiki/Karmapa" title="Karmapa">Karmapa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karmapa_controversy#Urgyen_Trinley_Dorje" title="Karmapa controversy">Urgyen Trinley Dorje</a>, who had been confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a> and accepted as a <a href="/wiki/Tulku" title="Tulku">tulku</a> by the Chinese government, escaped from <a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a>, seeking to return to the <a href="/wiki/Rumtek_Monastery" title="Rumtek Monastery">Rumtek Monastery</a> in Sikkim. Chinese officials were in a dilemma on this issue, for any protests to India would mean an explicit endorsement of India's governance of Sikkim, which China still recognised as an independent state occupied by India. The Chinese government eventually recognised Sikkim as an Indian state in 2003, in return for India declaring <a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a> as a part of the territory of China;<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> had accepted Tibet as part of China in 1954, but China appears to have believed that the agreement had lapsed.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2003 agreement led to a thaw in <a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Indian relations">Sino-Indian relations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Map_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Map-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 6 July 2006, the Sikkimese Himalayan pass of <a href="/wiki/Nathu_La" title="Nathu La">Nathu La</a> was opened to cross-border trade, becoming the first open border between India and China.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Nathula_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Nathula-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pass, which was first opened during the 1904 <a href="/wiki/Younghusband_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Younghusband Expedition">Younghusband Expedition</a> to Tibet,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had remained closed since the 1962 <a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Nathula_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Nathula-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 18 September 2011, <a href="/wiki/2011_Sikkim_earthquake" title="2011 Sikkim earthquake">a magnitude 6.9M<sub>w</sub> earthquake</a> struck Sikkim, killing at least 116 people in the state and in <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>, Bangladesh and <a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 60 people died in Sikkim alone, and the city of <a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a> suffered significant damage.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader"><a href="/wiki/Kangchenjunga" title="Kangchenjunga">Kangchenjunga</a></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:159px;max-width:159px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kangch-Goechala.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Kangch-Goechala.jpg/157px-Kangch-Goechala.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Kangch-Goechala.jpg/236px-Kangch-Goechala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Kangch-Goechala.jpg/314px-Kangch-Goechala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:179px;max-width:179px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kangchenjunga_East_Face_from_Zemu_Glacier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kangchenjunga_East_Face_from_Zemu_Glacier.jpg/177px-Kangchenjunga_East_Face_from_Zemu_Glacier.jpg" decoding="async" width="177" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kangchenjunga_East_Face_from_Zemu_Glacier.jpg/266px-Kangchenjunga_East_Face_from_Zemu_Glacier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kangchenjunga_East_Face_from_Zemu_Glacier.jpg/354px-Kangchenjunga_East_Face_from_Zemu_Glacier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Kangchenjunga" title="Kangchenjunga">Kangchenjunga</a>, the third <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highest mountains">highest mountain in the world</a>, near the <a href="/wiki/Zemu_Glacier" title="Zemu Glacier">Zemu Glacier</a>.</div></div></div></div> <p>Situated in the <a href="/wiki/Himalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Himalaya">Himalayan</a> mountains, the state of Sikkim is characterised by mountainous terrain. Almost the entire state is hilly, with an elevation ranging from 280 metres (920 ft) in the south at the border with West Bengal to 8,586 metres (28,169 ft) in the northern peaks near Nepal and Tibet. The summit of <a href="/wiki/Kangchenjunga" title="Kangchenjunga">Kangchenjunga</a>, the world's third-highest peak, is the state's highest point, situated on the border between Sikkim and <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kang_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kang-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the most part, the land is unfit for agriculture because of the rocky, precipitous slopes. However, some hill slopes have been converted into <a href="/wiki/Terrace_farming" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrace farming">terrace farms</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tibet-PHOTO-Satellite--NASA-Moderate_Resolution_Imaging_Spectroradiometer(MODIS)_show_the_high,_arid,_Tibetan_Plateau_in_Asia._Tibet_lies_north_of_the_Himalaya_Mountains_in_Nepal---Tibet.A2002343.0445.1km.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Tibet-PHOTO-Satellite--NASA-Moderate_Resolution_Imaging_Spectroradiometer%28MODIS%29_show_the_high%2C_arid%2C_Tibetan_Plateau_in_Asia._Tibet_lies_north_of_the_Himalaya_Mountains_in_Nepal---Tibet.A2002343.0445.1km.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Tibet-PHOTO-Satellite--NASA-Moderate_Resolution_Imaging_Spectroradiometer%28MODIS%29_show_the_high%2C_arid%2C_Tibetan_Plateau_in_Asia._Tibet_lies_north_of_the_Himalaya_Mountains_in_Nepal---Tibet.A2002343.0445.1km.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Tibet-PHOTO-Satellite--NASA-Moderate_Resolution_Imaging_Spectroradiometer%28MODIS%29_show_the_high%2C_arid%2C_Tibetan_Plateau_in_Asia._Tibet_lies_north_of_the_Himalaya_Mountains_in_Nepal---Tibet.A2002343.0445.1km.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>Sikkim is in lower center of image of the <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau">Tibetan Plateau</a>- (<a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> Satellite photo).</figcaption></figure> <p>Numerous snow-fed streams have carved out river valleys in the west and south of the state. These streams combine into the major <a href="/wiki/Teesta_River" title="Teesta River">Teesta River</a> and its tributary, the <a href="/wiki/Rangeet" class="mw-redirect" title="Rangeet">Rangeet</a>, which flow through the state from north to south.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About a third of the state is heavily forested. The Himalayan mountains surround the northern, eastern and western borders of Sikkim. The Lower Himalayas, lying in the southern reaches of the state, are the most densely populated.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sikkim-1955-U502_NG45_3_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Sikkim-1955-U502_NG45_3_4.jpg/220px-Sikkim-1955-U502_NG45_3_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Sikkim-1955-U502_NG45_3_4.jpg/330px-Sikkim-1955-U502_NG45_3_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Sikkim-1955-U502_NG45_3_4.jpg/440px-Sikkim-1955-U502_NG45_3_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4105" data-file-height="3809" /></a><figcaption>Detailed 1:250k scale, 1955 US Army map of Sikkim showing major river valleys, glaciers, lakes, peaks (height in feet) and Mines. One could see more concentration of glaciers at the north-western part of Sikkim around <a href="/wiki/Kangchenjunga" title="Kangchenjunga">Kangchenjunga</a> (28,168 feet (8,586 m)).</figcaption></figure> <p>The state has 28 mountain peaks, more than 80 <a href="/wiki/Glaciers" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaciers">glaciers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 227 high-altitude lakes (including the <a href="/wiki/Tsongmo_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsongmo Lake">Tsongmo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gurudongmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurudongmar">Gurudongmar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khecheopalri_Lake" title="Khecheopalri Lake">Khecheopalri Lakes</a>), five major <a href="/wiki/Hot_springs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot springs">hot springs</a>, and more than 100 rivers and streams. Eight <a href="/wiki/Mountain_pass" title="Mountain pass">mountain passes</a> connect the state to Tibet, Bhutan and Nepal.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sikkim's hot springs are renowned for their <a href="/wiki/Hot_spring#Therapeutic_uses" title="Hot spring">medicinal and therapeutic value</a>. Among the state's most notable hot springs are those at Phurchachu, <a href="/wiki/Yumthang_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Yumthang Valley">Yumthang</a>, Borang, Ralang, Taram-chu and Yumey Samdong. The springs, which have a high <a href="/wiki/Sulphur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulphur">sulphur</a> content, are located near river banks; some are known to emit <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoudhury200611_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoudhury200611-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average temperature of the water in these hot springs is 50 °C (122 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kanchenjunga_waterfalls,_Pelling.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Kanchenjunga_waterfalls%2C_Pelling.jpg/220px-Kanchenjunga_waterfalls%2C_Pelling.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Kanchenjunga_waterfalls%2C_Pelling.jpg/330px-Kanchenjunga_waterfalls%2C_Pelling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Kanchenjunga_waterfalls%2C_Pelling.jpg/440px-Kanchenjunga_waterfalls%2C_Pelling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A waterfall in Sikkim</figcaption></figure> <p>The hills of Sikkim mainly consist of <a href="/wiki/Gneiss" title="Gneiss">gneiss</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schist" title="Schist">schist</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which <a href="/wiki/Weathering" title="Weathering">weather</a> to produce generally poor and shallow brown <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a> soils. The soil is coarse, with large concentrations of <a href="/wiki/Iron_oxide" title="Iron oxide">iron oxide</a>; it ranges from neutral to <a href="/wiki/Acidic" class="mw-redirect" title="Acidic">acidic</a> and is lacking in organic and mineral nutrients. This type of soil tends to support <a href="/wiki/Evergreen" title="Evergreen">evergreen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deciduous_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Deciduous forest">deciduous forests</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rock consists of <a href="/wiki/Phyllite" title="Phyllite">phyllites</a> and schists, and is highly susceptible to weathering and erosion. This, combined with the state's heavy rainfall, causes extensive soil erosion and the loss of soil nutrients through <a href="/wiki/Leaching_(agriculture)" title="Leaching (agriculture)">leaching</a>. As a result, landslides are frequent, often isolating rural towns and villages from the major urban centres.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <p>The state has five seasons: winter, summer, spring, autumn, and monsoon season. Sikkim's climate ranges from <a href="/wiki/Sub-tropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-tropical">sub-tropical</a> in the south to <a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">tundra</a> in the north. Most of the inhabited regions of Sikkim experience a <a href="/wiki/Temperate" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate">temperate</a> climate, with temperatures seldom exceeding 28 °C (82 °F) in summer. The average annual temperature for most of Sikkim is around 18 °C (64 °F).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Sikkim is one of the few states in India to receive regular snowfall. The <a href="/wiki/Snow_line" title="Snow line">snow line</a> ranges from 6,100 metres (20,000 ft) in the south of the state to 4,900 metres (16,100 ft) in the north.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tundra-type region in the north is snowbound for four months every year, and the temperature drops below 0 °C (32 °F) almost every night.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoudhury200611_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoudhury200611-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In north-western Sikkim, the peaks are frozen year-round;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoudhury200613_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoudhury200613-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because of the high altitude, temperatures in the mountains can drop to as low as −40 °C (−40 °F) in winter. </p><p>During the monsoon, heavy rains increase the risk of <a href="/wiki/Landslide" title="Landslide">landslides</a>. The record for the longest period of continuous rain in Sikkim is 11 days. <a href="/wiki/Fog" title="Fog">Fog</a> affects many parts of the state during winter and the monsoons, making transportation perilous.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dendrobium_nobile_-_flower_view_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Dendrobium_nobile_-_flower_view_01.jpg/220px-Dendrobium_nobile_-_flower_view_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Dendrobium_nobile_-_flower_view_01.jpg/330px-Dendrobium_nobile_-_flower_view_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Dendrobium_nobile_-_flower_view_01.jpg/440px-Dendrobium_nobile_-_flower_view_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="525" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rhododendron_aechmophyllum0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Rhododendron_aechmophyllum0.jpg/220px-Rhododendron_aechmophyllum0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Rhododendron_aechmophyllum0.jpg/330px-Rhododendron_aechmophyllum0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Rhododendron_aechmophyllum0.jpg/440px-Rhododendron_aechmophyllum0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Noble orchid (top) is Sikkim's state flower. Rhododendron is its state tree; about 40 species of rhododendron bloom late April – mid May across the state.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <p>Sikkim is situated in an <a href="/wiki/Ecological_hotspot" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecological hotspot">ecological hotspot</a> of the lower Himalayas, one of only three among the <a href="/wiki/Ecoregions_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecoregions of India">ecoregions of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ethnobiomed.biomedcentral.com_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnobiomed.biomedcentral.com-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-O'Neill_2019_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Neill_2019-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The forested regions of the state exhibit a diverse range of <a href="/wiki/Fauna_(animals)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna (animals)">fauna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flora_(plants)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora (plants)">flora</a>. Owing to its altitudinal gradation, the state has a wide variety of plants, from tropical species to temperate, alpine and tundra ones, and is perhaps one of the few regions to exhibit such a diversity within such a small area. Nearly 81 per cent of the area of Sikkim comes under the administration of its forest department.<sup id="cite_ref-forest-dept_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forest-dept-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sikkim is home to around 5,000 species of flowering plants, 515 rare <a href="/wiki/Orchidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchidaceae">orchids</a>, 60 <a href="/wiki/Primula" title="Primula">primula</a> species, 36 <a href="/wiki/Rhododendron" title="Rhododendron">rhododendron</a> species, 11 <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a> varieties, 23 <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a> varieties, 16 <a href="/wiki/Pinophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinophyta">conifer</a> species, 362 types of <a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">ferns</a> and ferns allies, 8 <a href="/wiki/Tree_fern" title="Tree fern">tree ferns</a>, and over 900 medicinal plants.<sup id="cite_ref-ethnobiomed.biomedcentral.com_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnobiomed.biomedcentral.com-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oneill_khecheopalri_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oneill_khecheopalri-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A relative of the <a href="/wiki/Poinsettia" title="Poinsettia">Poinsettia</a>, locally known as "Christmas Flower", can be found in abundance in the mountainous state. The <a href="/wiki/Dendrobium_nobile" title="Dendrobium nobile">Noble Dendrobium</a> is the official flower of Sikkim, while the <a href="/wiki/Rhododendron" title="Rhododendron">rhododendron</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_trees" title="List of Indian state trees">state tree</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Orchids, <a href="/wiki/Ficus" title="Ficus">figs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lauraceae" title="Lauraceae">laurel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">bananas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shorea_robusta" title="Shorea robusta">sal</a> trees and bamboo grow in the <a href="/wiki/Himalayan_subtropical_broadleaf_forests" title="Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests">Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests</a> of the lower altitudes of Sikkim. In the temperate elevations above 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) there are <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Himalayan_broadleaf_forests" title="Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests">Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests</a>, where oaks, <a href="/wiki/Chestnut" title="Chestnut">chestnuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maple" title="Maple">maples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birch" title="Birch">birches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alder" title="Alder">alders</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Magnolia" title="Magnolia">magnolias</a> grow in large numbers, as well as <a href="/wiki/Himalayan_subtropical_pine_forests" title="Himalayan subtropical pine forests">Himalayan subtropical pine forests</a>, dominated by <a href="/wiki/Chir_pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chir pine">Chir pine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Alpine_climate" title="Alpine climate">Alpine-type</a> vegetation is typically found between an altitude of 3,500 to 5,000 metres (11,500 to 16,400 ft). In lower elevations are found <a href="/wiki/Juniper" title="Juniper">juniper</a>, pine, <a href="/wiki/Fir" title="Fir">firs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cupressus" title="Cupressus">cypresses</a> and rhododendrons from the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Himalayan_subalpine_conifer_forests" title="Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests">Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests</a>. Higher up are <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Himalayan_alpine_shrub_and_meadows" title="Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows">Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows</a> and high-altitude wetlands, which are home to a wide variety of rhododendrons and wildflowers.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Neill_2019_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Neill_2019-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oneill_khecheopalri_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oneill_khecheopalri-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_panda_sikkim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Red_panda_sikkim.jpg/220px-Red_panda_sikkim.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Red_panda_sikkim.jpg/330px-Red_panda_sikkim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Red_panda_sikkim.jpg/440px-Red_panda_sikkim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Red_panda" title="Red panda">red panda</a> is the state animal of Sikkim.</figcaption></figure> <p>The fauna of Sikkim include the <a href="/wiki/Snow_leopard" title="Snow leopard">snow leopard</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Musk_deer" title="Musk deer">musk deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Himalayan_tahr" title="Himalayan tahr">Himalayan tahr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_panda" title="Red panda">red panda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Himalayan_marmot" title="Himalayan marmot">Himalayan marmot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Himalayan_serow" title="Himalayan serow">Himalayan serow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Himalayan_goral" title="Himalayan goral">Himalayan goral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muntjac" title="Muntjac">muntjac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_langur" class="mw-redirect" title="Common langur">common langur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asian_black_bear" title="Asian black bear">Asian black bear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clouded_leopard" title="Clouded leopard">clouded leopard</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marbled_cat" title="Marbled cat">marbled cat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leopard_cat" title="Leopard cat">leopard cat</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dhole" title="Dhole">dhole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_wolf" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan wolf">Tibetan wolf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hog_badger" title="Hog badger">hog badger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Binturong" title="Binturong">binturong</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Felis_chaus_affinis" class="mw-redirect" title="Felis chaus affinis">Himalayan jungle cat</a>. Among the animals more commonly found in the alpine zone are <a href="/wiki/Yak" title="Yak">yaks</a>, mainly reared for their <a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a>, meat, and as a beast of burden. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">avifauna</a> of Sikkim include the <a href="/wiki/Impeyan_pheasant" class="mw-redirect" title="Impeyan pheasant">impeyan pheasant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satyr_tragopan" title="Satyr tragopan">crimson horned pheasant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snow_partridge" title="Snow partridge">snow partridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_snowcock" title="Tibetan snowcock">Tibetan snowcock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bearded_vulture" title="Bearded vulture">bearded vulture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Griffon_vulture" class="mw-redirect" title="Griffon vulture">griffon vulture</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Golden_eagle" title="Golden eagle">golden eagles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quail" title="Quail">quails</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plover" title="Plover">plovers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woodcock" title="Woodcock">woodcocks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandpiper" title="Sandpiper">sandpipers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pigeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pigeon">pigeons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_World_flycatcher" title="Old World flycatcher">Old World flycatchers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_World_babbler" title="Old World babbler">babblers</a> and robins. Sikkim has more than 550 species of birds, some of which have been declared <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Neill_2019_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Neill_2019-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sikkim also has a rich diversity of <a href="/wiki/Arthropods" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthropods">arthropods</a>, many of which remain unstudied.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Neill_2019_68-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Neill_2019-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the most understudied species are Sikkimese arthropods, specifically <a href="/wiki/Butterfly" title="Butterfly">butterflies</a>. Of the approximately 1,438 butterfly species found in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>, 695 have been recorded in Sikkim.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans193223_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans193223-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These include the endangered <a href="/wiki/Teinopalpus_imperialis" title="Teinopalpus imperialis">Kaiser-i-hind</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Meandrusa_payeni" title="Meandrusa payeni">Yellow Gorgon</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bhutanitis_lidderdalii" title="Bhutanitis lidderdalii">Bhutan Glory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaribal20039_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaribal20039-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_Parks_and_Wildlife_Sanctuaries">National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries</h4></div> <p>List of National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries of Sikkim:<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khangchendzonga_National_Park" title="Khangchendzonga National Park">Khangchendzonga National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangolakha_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary">Pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fambong_Lho_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Fambong Lho Wildlife Sanctuary">Fambong Lho Wildlife Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyongnosla_Alpine_Sanctuary" title="Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary">Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maenam_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Maenam Wildlife Sanctuary">Maenam Wildlife Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varsey_Rhododendron_Sanctuary" title="Varsey Rhododendron Sanctuary">Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingba_Rhododendron_Sanctuary" title="Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary">Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitam_Bird_Sanctuary" title="Kitam Bird Sanctuary">Kitam Bird Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sling_Dong_Faireanum_Orchid_Conservation_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sling Dong Faireanum Orchid Conservation Reserve (page does not exist)">Sling Dong Faireanum Orchid Conservation Reserve</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Sikkim" title="Elections in Sikkim">Elections in Sikkim</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Sikkim" title="History of Sikkim">History of Sikkim</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sikkim_Assembly_Gangtok.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Sikkim_Assembly_Gangtok.jpg/220px-Sikkim_Assembly_Gangtok.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Sikkim_Assembly_Gangtok.jpg/330px-Sikkim_Assembly_Gangtok.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Sikkim_Assembly_Gangtok.jpg/440px-Sikkim_Assembly_Gangtok.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Legislative_Assembly" title="Sikkim Legislative Assembly">Sikkim Legislative Assembly</a></figcaption></figure> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a>, Sikkim has a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a> of <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">representative democracy</a> for its governance; <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a> is granted to state residents. The government structure is organised into three branches: </p> <ul><li>Executive: As with all <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States and territories of India">states of India</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">governor</a> stands at the head of the executive power of state, just as the president is the head of the executive power in the Union, and is appointed by the President of India. The governor's appointment is largely ceremonial, and his or her main role is to oversee the swearing-in of the <a href="/wiki/Chief_minister" title="Chief minister">chief minister</a>. The chief minister, who holds the real executive powers, is the head of the party or coalition garnering the largest majority in the state elections. The governor also appoints cabinet ministers on the advice of the chief minister.</li> <li>Legislature: Sikkim has a <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a> legislature, the <a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Legislative_Assembly" title="Sikkim Legislative Assembly">Sikkim Legislative Assembly</a>, like most other Indian states. Its state assembly has 32 seats, including one reserved for the <a href="/wiki/Sangha_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangha (Buddhism)">Sangha</a>. Sikkim is allocated one seat in each of the two chambers of India's national <a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">bicameral</a> legislature, the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a>.</li> <li>Judiciary: The <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judiciary</a> consists of the <a href="/wiki/Sikkim_High_Court" title="Sikkim High Court">Sikkim High Court</a> and a system of lower courts. The High Court, located at Gangtok, has a Chief Justice along with two permanent justices. The Sikkim High Court is the smallest state high court in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-High_court_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-High_court-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In 1975, after the abrogation of Sikkim's monarchy, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> gained a majority in the 1977 elections. In 1979, after a period of instability, a popular ministry headed by <a href="/wiki/Nar_Bahadur_Bhandari" title="Nar Bahadur Bhandari">Nar Bahadur Bhandari</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Sangram_Parishad_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikkim Sangram Parishad Party">Sikkim Sangram Parishad Party</a>, was sworn in. Bhandari held on to power in the 1984 and 1989 elections. In the 1994 elections, <a href="/wiki/Pawan_Kumar_Chamling" title="Pawan Kumar Chamling">Pawan Kumar Chamling</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Democratic_Front" title="Sikkim Democratic Front">Sikkim Democratic Front</a> became the Chief Minister of the state. Chamling and his party had since held on to power by winning the 1999, 2004, 2009 and 2014 elections.<sup id="cite_ref-Hist_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hist-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thirty_years_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thirty_years-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hindu2009-05-17_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hindu2009-05-17-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the 2019 legislative assembly elections were won by the <a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Krantikari_Morcha" title="Sikkim Krantikari Morcha">Sikkim Krantikari Morcha</a> party and the chief minister since then is <a href="/wiki/Prem_Singh_Tamang" title="Prem Singh Tamang">Prem Singh Tamang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current Governor of Sikkim is <a href="/wiki/Lakshman_Acharya" title="Lakshman Acharya">Lakshman Acharya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lakshman_Prasad_Acharya_Is_Sikkim’s_New_Governor_-_All_The_News_From_Sikkim,_India_and_The_World_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lakshman_Prasad_Acharya_Is_Sikkim’s_New_Governor_-_All_The_News_From_Sikkim,_India_and_The_World-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sikkim is among India's most <a href="/wiki/Environmental_consciousness" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental consciousness">environmentally conscious</a> states, having banned <a href="/wiki/Plastic_bottle" title="Plastic bottle">plastic water bottles</a> "in all government functions and meetings" and <a href="/wiki/Polystyrene" title="Polystyrene">polystyrene</a> products (throughout the state).<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subdivisions">Subdivisions</h3></div> <p>Sikkim has six districts – <a href="/wiki/East_Sikkim" class="mw-redirect" title="East Sikkim">Gangtok District</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Sikkim" class="mw-redirect" title="North Sikkim">Mangan District</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Sikkim" class="mw-redirect" title="South Sikkim">Namchi District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakyong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakyong District">Pakyong District</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Sikkim" class="mw-redirect" title="West Sikkim">Geyzing District</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soreng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Soreng District">Soreng District</a>. The district capitals are <a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mangan,_India" title="Mangan, India">Mangan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namchi" title="Namchi">Namchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakyong" title="Pakyong">Pakyong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gyalshing" title="Gyalshing">Gyalshing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soreng" title="Soreng">Soreng</a> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These six districts are further divided into 16 subdivisions; Pakyong, Rongli, Rangpo and Gangtok are the subdivisions of the Gangtok and Pakyong Districts. Soreng, Yuksom, Gyalshing and Dentam are the subdivisions of the Geyzing and Soreng district. Chungthang, Dzongu, Kabi and Mangan are the subdivisions of the Mangan district. Ravongla, Jorethang, Namchi and Yangyang are the subdivisions of the Namchi district.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Each of Sikkim's districts is overseen by a state government appointee, the <a href="/wiki/District_collector" class="mw-redirect" title="District collector">district collector</a>, who is in charge of the administration of the civilian areas of the district. The Indian Army has control over a large part of the state, as Sikkim forms part of a sensitive border area with <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. Many areas are restricted to foreigners, and <a href="/wiki/Foreigners_(Protected_Areas)_Order_1958_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreigners (Protected Areas) Order 1958 (India)">official permits</a> are needed to visit them.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Sikkim" title="Economy of Sikkim">Economy of Sikkim</a></div> <p>Sikkim's nominal state <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> (GDP) was estimated at US$4.6 billion in 2019, with GDP per capita being $7,530 (₹ 5,50,000) thus constituting the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_by_GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian states by GDP">third-smallest GDP among India's 28 states</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Unidow_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unidow-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state's economy is largely <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agrarian</a> based on the terraced farming of <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a> and the cultivation of crops such as <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Millet" title="Millet">millet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orange_(fruit)" title="Orange (fruit)">oranges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">tea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">cardamom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBareh200120–21_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBareh200120–21-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sikkim produces more cardamom than any other Indian state and is home to the largest cultivated area of cardamom.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sikkim achieved its ambition to convert its <a href="/wiki/Organic_agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic agriculture">agriculture to fully organic</a> between 2003 and 2016, and became the first state in India to achieve this distinction.<sup id="cite_ref-Strategies_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strategies-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dna-org_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dna-org-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hindu-org_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hindu-org-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tele-org_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tele-org-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of its hilly terrain and poor transport infrastructure, Sikkim lacks a large-scale industrial base. <a href="/wiki/Brewery" title="Brewery">Brewing</a>, distilling, <a href="/wiki/Tanning_(leather)" title="Tanning (leather)">tanning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Watchmaker" title="Watchmaker">watchmaking</a> are the main industries and are mainly located in the southern regions of the state, primarily in the towns of <a href="/wiki/Melli" title="Melli">Melli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jorethang" title="Jorethang">Jorethang</a>. In addition, a small mining industry exists in Sikkim extracting minerals such as <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolomite_(mineral)" title="Dolomite (mineral)">dolomite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talc" title="Talc">talc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">graphite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quartzite" title="Quartzite">quartzite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the state's minimal industrial infrastructure, Sikkim's economy has been among the fastest-growing in India since 2000; the state's GDP expanded by 89.93% in 2010 alone.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, Sikkim decided to fully convert to <a href="/wiki/Organic_farming" title="Organic farming">organic farming</a> and achieved this goal in 2015 becoming India's first "organic state".<sup id="cite_ref-dna-org_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dna-org-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hindu-org_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hindu-org-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tele-org_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tele-org-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Strategies_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strategies-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recent years, the government of Sikkim has extensively promoted <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a>. As a result, state revenue has increased 14 times since the mid-1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-Dasgupta_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dasgupta-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sikkim has furthermore invested in a fledgling <a href="/wiki/Gambling" title="Gambling">gambling</a> industry promoting both <a href="/wiki/Casino" title="Casino">casinos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Online_gambling" title="Online gambling">online gambling</a>. The state's first casino, the Casino Sikkim, opened in March 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the year 2010 the government subsequently issued three gambling licences for casinos and online sports betting in general.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Playwin lottery has been a notable success in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Playwin_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Playwin-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The opening of the <a href="/wiki/Nathu_La" title="Nathu La">Nathu La</a> pass on 6 July 2006, connecting <a href="/wiki/Lhasa" title="Lhasa">Lhasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>, to India, was billed as a boon for Sikkim's economy. Trade through the pass remains hampered by Sikkim's limited infrastructure and government restrictions in both India and China, though the volume of traded goods has been steadily increasing.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 247.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 245.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elaichi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Elaichi, or cardamom, is the chief cash crop of Sikkim."><img alt="Elaichi, or cardamom, is the chief cash crop of Sikkim." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Elaichi.jpg/368px-Elaichi.jpg" decoding="async" width="246" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Elaichi.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="245" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Elaichi</i>, or <a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">cardamom</a>, is the chief <a href="/wiki/Cash_crop" title="Cash crop">cash crop</a> of Sikkim.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 193.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cherry_Resort_inside_Temi_Tea_Garden,_Namchi,_Sikkim.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Temi Tea Garden, Namchi, Sikkim"><img alt="Temi Tea Garden, Namchi, Sikkim" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Cherry_Resort_inside_Temi_Tea_Garden%2C_Namchi%2C_Sikkim.jpg/290px-Cherry_Resort_inside_Temi_Tea_Garden%2C_Namchi%2C_Sikkim.jpg" decoding="async" width="194" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Cherry_Resort_inside_Temi_Tea_Garden%2C_Namchi%2C_Sikkim.jpg/436px-Cherry_Resort_inside_Temi_Tea_Garden%2C_Namchi%2C_Sikkim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Cherry_Resort_inside_Temi_Tea_Garden%2C_Namchi%2C_Sikkim.jpg/581px-Cherry_Resort_inside_Temi_Tea_Garden%2C_Namchi%2C_Sikkim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4520" data-file-height="2804" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Temi Tea Garden, <a href="/wiki/Namchi" title="Namchi">Namchi</a>, Sikkim</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 248px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 246px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Temi_Tea_Garden_Panoramic_View.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tea garden at Temi, Sikkim."><img alt="Tea garden at Temi, Sikkim." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Temi_Tea_Garden_Panoramic_View.jpg/369px-Temi_Tea_Garden_Panoramic_View.jpg" decoding="async" width="246" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Temi_Tea_Garden_Panoramic_View.jpg/554px-Temi_Tea_Garden_Panoramic_View.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Temi_Tea_Garden_Panoramic_View.jpg/738px-Temi_Tea_Garden_Panoramic_View.jpg 2x" data-file-width="14851" data-file-height="7246" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tea garden at Temi, Sikkim.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 181.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 179.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Terraced_rice_fields_of_Sikkim_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Terraced rice paddy fields of Sikkim."><img alt="Terraced rice paddy fields of Sikkim." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Terraced_rice_fields_of_Sikkim_India.jpg/269px-Terraced_rice_fields_of_Sikkim_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Terraced_rice_fields_of_Sikkim_India.jpg/403px-Terraced_rice_fields_of_Sikkim_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Terraced_rice_fields_of_Sikkim_India.jpg/538px-Terraced_rice_fields_of_Sikkim_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="1232" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Terraced rice paddy fields of Sikkim.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakyongsikkim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Pakyongsikkim.jpg/220px-Pakyongsikkim.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Pakyongsikkim.jpg/330px-Pakyongsikkim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Pakyongsikkim.jpg/440px-Pakyongsikkim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Runway at <a href="/wiki/Pakyong_Airport" title="Pakyong Airport">Pakyong Airport</a>, is the first <a href="/wiki/Greenfield_project" title="Greenfield project">greenfield</a> airport to be constructed in the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Riverteesta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Riverteesta.jpg/220px-Riverteesta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Riverteesta.jpg/330px-Riverteesta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Riverteesta.jpg/440px-Riverteesta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Teesta_River" title="Teesta River">Teesta River</a> is considered the state's key waterway.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sikkim did not have any operational <a href="/wiki/Airport" title="Airport">airport</a> for a long time because of its rough terrain. However, in October 2018, <a href="/wiki/Pakyong_Airport" title="Pakyong Airport">Pakyong Airport</a>, the state's first airport, located in <a href="/wiki/Pakyong" title="Pakyong">Pakyong Town</a> at a distance of 30 km (19 mi) from Gangtok, became operational after a four-year delay.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been constructed by the <a href="/wiki/Airports_Authority_of_India" title="Airports Authority of India">Airports Authority of India</a> on 200 acres of land. At an altitude of 4,700 feet (1,400 m) above sea level, it is one of the five highest airports in India.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The airport is capable of operating <a href="/wiki/ATR_(aircraft_manufacturer)" title="ATR (aircraft manufacturer)">ATR</a> aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before October 2018, the closest operational airport to Sikkim was <a href="/wiki/Bagdogra_Airport" title="Bagdogra Airport">Bagdogra Airport</a> near <a href="/wiki/Siliguri" title="Siliguri">Siliguri</a> in northern <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>. The airport is located about 124 km (77 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a>, and frequent buses connect the two.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A daily <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopter</a> service run by the Sikkim Helicopter Service connects Gangtok to Bagdogra; the flight is thirty minutes long, operates only once a day, and can carry four people.<sup id="cite_ref-Thirty_years_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thirty_years-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Gangtok <a href="/wiki/Helipad" title="Helipad">helipad</a> is the only civilian helipad in the state. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gangtok_to_Siliguri_Bus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Gangtok_to_Siliguri_Bus.jpg/220px-Gangtok_to_Siliguri_Bus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Gangtok_to_Siliguri_Bus.jpg/330px-Gangtok_to_Siliguri_Bus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Gangtok_to_Siliguri_Bus.jpg/440px-Gangtok_to_Siliguri_Bus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Gangtok to Siliguri Bus</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_10_(India)" title="National Highway 10 (India)">National Highway 10</a> (NH 10; <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Highways_in_India_by_highway_number" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Highways in India by highway number">formerly NH 31A</a>) links <a href="/wiki/Siliguri" title="Siliguri">Siliguri</a> to Gangtok. Sikkim Nationalised Transport runs bus and truck services. Privately run bus, tourist <a href="/wiki/Taxicab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab">taxi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jeep" title="Jeep">jeep</a> services operate throughout Sikkim and also connect it to Siliguri. A branch of the highway from <a href="/wiki/Melli" title="Melli">Melli</a> connects western Sikkim. Towns in eastern, southern and western Sikkim are connected to the <a href="/wiki/Hill_station" title="Hill station">hill stations</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kalimpong" title="Kalimpong">Kalimpong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Darjeeling" title="Darjeeling">Darjeeling</a> in northern West Bengal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoudhury200684–87_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoudhury200684–87-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state is furthermore connected to <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> by the mountain pass of <a href="/wiki/Nathu_La" title="Nathu La">Nathu La</a>. </p><p>List of National Highways of Sikkim: </p> <table class="routelist-top wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Number </th> <th scope="col" data-sort-type="number">Length (km)<sup id="cite_ref-nh_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nh-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" data-sort-type="number">Length (mi) </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Southern or western terminus </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Northern or eastern terminus </th> <th scope="col">Formed </th> <th scope="col">Removed </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Notes </th></tr> <tr id="NH0010"> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/NH10-IN.svg/19px-NH10-IN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/NH10-IN.svg/28px-NH10-IN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/NH10-IN.svg/37px-NH10-IN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="601" /></span></span> <span data-sort-value="NH0010 !"><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_10_(India)" title="National Highway 10 (India)">NH 10</a></span> </td> <td align="right">52</td> <td align="right">32 </td> <td colspan="2" align="center">Gangtok – Singtam – Rangpo – West Bengal Border. </td> <td align="center">—</td> <td align="center">— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="NH0310"> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/NH310-IN.svg/19px-NH310-IN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/NH310-IN.svg/28px-NH310-IN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/NH310-IN.svg/37px-NH310-IN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="601" /></span></span> <span data-sort-value="NH0310 !"><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_310_(India)" title="National Highway 310 (India)">NH 310</a></span> </td> <td align="right">87</td> <td align="right">54 </td> <td colspan="2" align="center">Ranipool (NH-31A) – Burtuk – Menla – Nathula </td> <td align="center">—</td> <td align="center">— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="NH0310A"> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/NH310A-IN.svg/19px-NH310A-IN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/NH310A-IN.svg/28px-NH310A-IN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/NH310A-IN.svg/37px-NH310A-IN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="601" /></span></span> <span data-sort-value="NH0310A !"><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_310A_(India)" title="National Highway 310A (India)">NH 310A</a></span> </td> <td align="right">55</td> <td align="right">34 </td> <td colspan="2" align="center">Tashi view point – Phodong – Mangan </td> <td align="center">—</td> <td align="center">— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="NH0510"> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/NH510-IN.svg/19px-NH510-IN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/NH510-IN.svg/28px-NH510-IN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/NH510-IN.svg/37px-NH510-IN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="601" /></span></span> <span data-sort-value="NH0510 !"><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_510_(India)" title="National Highway 510 (India)">NH 510</a></span> </td> <td align="right">70</td> <td align="right">43 </td> <td colspan="2" align="center">Singtam – Damthang- Legship – Gyalshing </td> <td align="center">—</td> <td align="center">— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="NH0710"> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NH710-IN.svg/19px-NH710-IN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NH710-IN.svg/28px-NH710-IN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NH710-IN.svg/37px-NH710-IN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="601" /></span></span> <span data-sort-value="NH0710 !"><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_710_(India)" title="National Highway 710 (India)">NH 710</a></span> </td> <td align="right">45</td> <td align="right">28 </td> <td colspan="2" align="center">Melli- Manpur- Namchi- Damthang- Tarku </td> <td align="center">—</td> <td align="center">— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="NH0717A"> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/NH717A-IN.svg/19px-NH717A-IN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/NH717A-IN.svg/28px-NH717A-IN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/NH717A-IN.svg/37px-NH717A-IN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="601" /></span></span> <span data-sort-value="NH0717A !"><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_717A_(India)" title="National Highway 717A (India)">NH 717A</a></span> </td> <td align="right">112</td> <td align="right">70 </td> <td colspan="2" align="center">West Bengal Border-Reshi- Rhenock, Rorathang Pakyong a-junction with new NH No. 10 at Ranipool near Gangtok </td> <td align="center">—</td> <td align="center">— </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr id="NH0717B"> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/NH717B-IN.svg/19px-NH717B-IN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/NH717B-IN.svg/28px-NH717B-IN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/NH717B-IN.svg/37px-NH717B-IN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="601" /></span></span> <span data-sort-value="NH0717B !"><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_717B_(India)" title="National Highway 717B (India)">NH 717B</a></span> </td> <td align="right">42</td> <td align="right">26 </td> <td colspan="2" align="center">Junction with NH No. 717A at Rhenock – Rongli, Rolep -junction with NH No. 310 near Menla at Serethang </td> <td align="center">—</td> <td align="center">— </td> <td> </td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="9" class="routelist-bottom"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1060968971">.mw-parser-output .routelist-bottom{text-align:center;background-color:#f2f2f2}.mw-parser-output .routelist-bottom-legend{margin-left:1.6em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .routelist-bottom-legend ul{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .routelist-bottom-legend li>span{border:1px solid #000}</style></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3></div> <p>Sikkim lacks significant railway infrastructure. The closest major railway stations are <a href="/wiki/Siliguri_Junction" class="mw-redirect" title="Siliguri Junction">Siliguri Junction</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Jalpaiguri" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jalpaiguri">New Jalpaiguri</a> in neighbouring West Bengal.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the New Sikkim Railway Project has been launched to connect the town of <a href="/wiki/Rangpo" title="Rangpo">Rangpo</a> in Sikkim with <a href="/wiki/Sevoke" title="Sevoke">Sevoke</a> on the West Bengal border. This line is <a href="/wiki/Sivok%E2%80%93Rangpo_line" title="Sivok–Rangpo line">Sevoke-Rangpo Railway Line</a> from <a href="/wiki/Sivok_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Sivok railway station">Sivok railway station</a> to <a href="/wiki/Rangpo_railway_station" title="Rangpo railway station">Rangpo railway station</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The five-station line is intended to support both economic development and Indian Army operations and was initially planned to be completed by 2015,<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though as of 2023 its construction has met with delays.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, the railway line up to Rangpo was expected to be completed in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the second phase the line will be extended up to <a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Railways_(India)" title="Ministry of Railways (India)">Ministry of Railways</a> proposed plans in 2010 for railway lines linking <a href="/wiki/Mirik" title="Mirik">Mirik</a> in West Bengal to <a href="/wiki/Namchi" title="Namchi">Namchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daramdin" title="Daramdin">Daramdin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ranipool" title="Ranipool">Ranipool</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gurung2010-12-09_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gurung2010-12-09-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nathu_La_-_Indo_China_Border.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Nathu_La_-_Indo_China_Border.jpg/220px-Nathu_La_-_Indo_China_Border.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Nathu_La_-_Indo_China_Border.jpg/330px-Nathu_La_-_Indo_China_Border.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Nathu_La_-_Indo_China_Border.jpg/440px-Nathu_La_-_Indo_China_Border.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Nathu La Pass – Indo-China Border</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Sikkim's roads are maintained by the <a href="/wiki/Border_Roads_Organisation" title="Border Roads Organisation">Border Roads Organisation</a> (BRO), an offshoot of the Indian Army. The roads in southern Sikkim are in relatively good condition, landslides being less frequent in this region. The state government maintains 1,857 kilometres (1,154 mi) of roadways that do not fall under the BRO's jurisdiction.<sup id="cite_ref-Stats_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stats-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sikkim receives most of its electricity from 19 <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric_power_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric power station">hydroelectric power stations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dasgupta_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dasgupta-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Power is also obtained from the <a href="/wiki/National_Thermal_Power_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="National Thermal Power Corporation">National Thermal Power Corporation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Power_Grid_Corporation_of_India" title="Power Grid Corporation of India">Power Grid Corporation of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoudhury200691_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoudhury200691-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2006, the state had achieved 100 per cent rural electrification.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoudhury200688_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoudhury200688-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the voltage remains unstable and voltage stabilisers are needed. Per capita consumption of electricity in Sikkim was approximately 182 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt_hour" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt hour">kWh</a> in 2006. The state government has promoted <a href="/wiki/Biogas" title="Biogas">biogas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solar_power" title="Solar power">solar power</a> for cooking, but these have received a poor response and are used mostly for lighting purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoudhury200687_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoudhury200687-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, 73.2 per cent of Sikkim's households were reported to have access to safe drinking water,<sup id="cite_ref-Stats_121-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stats-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the state's large number of mountain streams assures a sufficient water supply. </p><p>On 8 December 2008, it was announced that Sikkim had become the first state in India to achieve 100 per cent sanitation coverage, becoming completely free of public defecation, thus attaining the status of "Nirmal State".<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_people" title="Sikkimese people">Sikkimese people</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Sukanto_Debnath_-_A_little_girl_from_Kaluk_Bazaar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flickr_-_Sukanto_Debnath_-_A_little_girl_from_Kaluk_Bazaar.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Sukanto_Debnath_-_A_little_girl_from_Kaluk_Bazaar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flickr_-_Sukanto_Debnath_-_A_little_girl_from_Kaluk_Bazaar.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_Sukanto_Debnath_-_A_little_girl_from_Kaluk_Bazaar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flickr_-_Sukanto_Debnath_-_A_little_girl_from_Kaluk_Bazaar.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_Sukanto_Debnath_-_A_little_girl_from_Kaluk_Bazaar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="795" data-file-height="595" /></a><figcaption>A little girl from Kaluk Bazaar</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">59,014</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">87,920</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.07%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">81,721</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.73%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">109,808</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.00%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1941</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">121,520</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.02%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">137,725</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.26%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">162,189</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.65%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">209,843</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.61%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">316,385</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.19%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">406,457</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.54%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">540,851</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.90%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">610,577</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.22%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">source:<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Sikkim is India's least populous state, with 610,577 inhabitants according to the <a href="/wiki/2011_census_of_India" title="2011 census of India">2011 census</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cens2011Up_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cens2011Up-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sikkim is also one of the least densely populated Indian states, with only 86 persons per square kilometre. However, it has a high population growth rate, averaging 12.36% per cent between 2001 and 2011. The <a href="/wiki/Human_sex_ratio" title="Human sex ratio">sex ratio</a> is 889 females per 1,000 males, with a total of 321,661 males and 286,027 females recorded in 2011. With around 98,000 inhabitants as of 2011, the capital <a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a> is the most significant urban area in the mostly rural state; in 2005, the urban population in Sikkim constituted around 11.06 per cent of the total.<sup id="cite_ref-Stats_121-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stats-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, the average <a href="/wiki/Per_capita_income" title="Per capita income">per capita income</a> in Sikkim stood at <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span> 81,159 (US$1,305).<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:grey; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 370.10276951873px; border-left-color:orchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:orchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:orchid"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 286.77404807635px; border-left-color:limegreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:limegreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:limegreen"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 228.7168389547px; border-left-color:red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:red"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 176.86462328357px; border-left-color:skyblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:skyblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:skyblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 135.65652734569px; border-left-color:purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:purple"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 101.90294678743px; border-left-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 47.594759047722px; border-left-color:darkblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:darkblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:darkblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 5.0307859188983px; border-left-color:lavender"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:lavender"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:lavender"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:94.002645704394px 34.110153921876px 0 0; border-top-color:deepskyblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:deepskyblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:71.153567720929px 70.264996979885px 0 0; border-top-color:maroon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:maroon"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Languages of Sikkim (2011 census)<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:maroon; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a> (62.6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:deepskyblue; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikkimese language">Sikkimese</a> (6.86%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:lavender; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Limbu_language" title="Limbu language">Limbu</a> (6.34%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:darkblue; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Lepcha_language" title="Lepcha language">Lepcha</a> (6.27%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:orange; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> (5.58%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:purple; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sherpa_language" title="Sherpa language">Sherpa</a> (2.24%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:skyblue; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Tamang_language" title="Tamang language">Tamang</a> (1.92%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a> (1.63%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:limegreen; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Rai_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Rai languages">Rai</a> (1.22%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:orchid; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> (1.14%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:grey; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Other (4.2%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>The official languages of the state are <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikkimese language">Sikkimese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lepcha_language" title="Lepcha language">Lepcha</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>. Additional official languages include <a href="/wiki/Gurung_language" title="Gurung language">Gurung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limbu_language" title="Limbu language">Limbu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magar_language" title="Magar language">Magar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language" title="Sunwar language">Mukhia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newar_language" title="Newar language">Newar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiranti_languages" title="Kiranti languages">Rai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sherpa_language" title="Sherpa language">Sherpa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tamang_language" title="Tamang language">Tamang</a> for the purpose of preservation of culture and tradition in the state. </p><p>Nepali is the lingua franca of Sikkim, while Sikkimese (Bhutia) and Lepcha are spoken in certain areas.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> English is also spoken and understood in most of Sikkim. Other languages include <a href="/wiki/Dzongkha" title="Dzongkha">Dzongkha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Groma_language" title="Groma language">Groma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Majhi_language" title="Majhi language">Majhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Majhwar_language" title="Majhwar language">Majhwar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thulung_language" title="Thulung language">Thulung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Standard_Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Tibetan">Tibetan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yakha_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakha language">Yakha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBareh200110_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBareh200110-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</h3></div> <p>The majority of Sikkim's residents are <a href="/wiki/Nepali_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepali Indians">Nepali Indians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Sikkim" title="Indigenous peoples of Sikkim">native Sikkimese</a> include the <a href="/wiki/Bhutia" title="Bhutia">Bhutias</a>, who migrated from the Kham district of Tibet in the 14th century, and the <a href="/wiki/Lepcha_people" title="Lepcha people">Lepchas</a>, who are believed to pre-date the Bhutias and are the oldest known inhabitants. <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibetans</a> reside mostly in the northern and eastern reaches of the state. Migrant resident communities known as <b>Plainsmen Sikkimese</b> include <a href="/wiki/Bengali_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali people">Bengalis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihari_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bihari people">Biharis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marwaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Marwaris">Marwaris</a>, who are prominent in commerce in <a href="/wiki/South_Sikkim" class="mw-redirect" title="South Sikkim">South Sikkim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a>, only those who are the native residents since 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Sikkim" title="Hinduism in Sikkim">Hinduism in Sikkim</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buddha_in_Sikkim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Buddha_in_Sikkim.jpg/220px-Buddha_in_Sikkim.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="399" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Buddha_in_Sikkim.jpg/330px-Buddha_in_Sikkim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Buddha_in_Sikkim.jpg/440px-Buddha_in_Sikkim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1742" data-file-height="3159" /></a><figcaption>Buddha in Sikkim Culture</figcaption></figure> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:black; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 5487.4940979036px; border-left-color:chartreuse"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:chartreuse"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:chartreuse"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 531.47186619956px; border-left-color:brown"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:brown"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:brown"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 522.43475077176px; border-left-color:darkkhaki"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:darkkhaki"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:darkkhaki"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 472.40871136253px; border-left-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 311.76261871955px; border-left-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 74.104202201338px; border-left-color:gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:gold"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:46.848500818059px 88.347144668633px 0 0; border-top-color:darkorange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:darkorange"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Sikkim (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-census2001_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2001-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:darkorange; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> (57.76%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:gold; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> (27.39%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (9.91%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:green; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (1.62%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:darkkhaki; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> (0.31%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:brown; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> (0.05%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:chartreuse; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Other faith like <a href="/wiki/Kirat_Mundhum" title="Kirat Mundhum">Kirat Mundhum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Bon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mun_(religion)" title="Mun (religion)">Mun</a> (2.67%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:black; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> No religion (0.3%)</div> </div> </div></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align: center;"> <th>Religious<br />group </th> <th>Population <br />% <b>1991</b><sup id="cite_ref-census1991b_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1991b-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Population <br />% <b>2001</b><sup id="cite_ref-census2001tru_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2001tru-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Population <br />% <b>2011</b><sup id="cite_ref-census2001_134-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2001-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:DarkOrange;">Hinduism </th> <td>68.36%</td> <td>60.93%</td> <td>57.76% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:Gold;">Buddhism </th> <td>27.15%</td> <td>28.11%</td> <td>27.39% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:DodgerBlue;">Christianity </th> <td>3.29%</td> <td>6.67%</td> <td>9.91% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:Green; color:white;">Islam </th> <td>0.94%</td> <td>1.42%</td> <td>1.62% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:darkKhaki; color:white;">Sikhism </th> <td>0.09%</td> <td>0.21%</td> <td>0.31% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:brown; color:white;">Jainism </th> <td>0.001%</td> <td>0.03%</td> <td>0.05% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:Chartreuse;">Other religions </th> <td>0.04%</td> <td>2.38%</td> <td>2.67% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:Black; color:white;">No religion </th> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>0.3% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>According to the 2011 census, 57.8% follow <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, making it the state's majority religion. <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> is followed by 27.4% of the population, while <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> is followed by 9.9%.<sup id="cite_ref-census2011_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 2001 and 2011, Christianity was the fastest growing religion in the state, going from 6.67% to 9.91% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-census2011_137-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was thus the fourth state with the highest Christian growth in the period, behind only <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-census2001tru_136-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2001tru-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PEWRC_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PEWRC-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Presbyterian_Church_of_Sikkim" title="Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Sikkim">Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Sikkim</a> is the largest Christian denomination in Sikkim.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hinduism, on the other hand, declined from 60.93% to 57.76% of the population in the same period.<sup id="cite_ref-census2001tru_136-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2001tru-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-census2011_137-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sikkim was the fourth state with the biggest decline in the percentage of Hindus, behind only <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PEWRC_138-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PEWRC-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana Buddhism</a>, which accounts for 27.3% of the population, is Sikkim's second-largest, yet most prominent religion. Prior to Sikkim's becoming a part of the Indian Union, Vajrayana Buddhism was the state religion under the Chogyal. Sikkim has 75 <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_monasteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist monasteries">Buddhist monasteries</a>, the oldest dating back to the 1700s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBareh20019_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBareh20019-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The public and visual aesthetics of Sikkim are executed in shades of Vajrayana Buddhism and Buddhism plays a significant role in public life, even among Sikkim's majority Nepali Hindu population. Other religious minorities include <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> of Bihari ethnicity and <a href="/wiki/Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain">Jains</a>, who each account for roughly 1% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The traditional religions of the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Sikkim" title="Indigenous peoples of Sikkim">native Sikkimese</a> account for much of the remainder of the population. </p><p>Although tensions between the Lepchas and the Nepalese escalated during the merger of Sikkim with India in the 1970s, there has never been any major degree of communal religious violence, unlike in other Indian states.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The traditional religion of the Lepcha people is <a href="/wiki/Mun_(religion)" title="Mun (religion)">Mun</a>, an animist practice which coexists with Buddhism and Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-Plaisier_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plaisier-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 191.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 189.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Legship_shiva_temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kirateshwar Mahadev Temple in Legship is dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva."><img alt="Kirateshwar Mahadev Temple in Legship is dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Legship_shiva_temple.jpg/284px-Legship_shiva_temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Legship_shiva_temple.jpg/426px-Legship_shiva_temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Legship_shiva_temple.jpg/567px-Legship_shiva_temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1044" data-file-height="718" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kirateshwar_Mahadev_Temple" title="Kirateshwar Mahadev Temple">Kirateshwar Mahadev Temple</a> in <a href="/wiki/Legship" title="Legship">Legship</a> is dedicated to the <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> god <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rumtek_Monastery_-_Inside_Close_View.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rumtek Monastery"><img alt="Rumtek Monastery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Rumtek_Monastery_-_Inside_Close_View.jpg/293px-Rumtek_Monastery_-_Inside_Close_View.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Rumtek_Monastery_-_Inside_Close_View.jpg/440px-Rumtek_Monastery_-_Inside_Close_View.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Rumtek_Monastery_-_Inside_Close_View.jpg/585px-Rumtek_Monastery_-_Inside_Close_View.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rumtek Monastery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Enchey_Monastery_Prayer_Hall_(Dukhang).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Enchey Monastery"><img alt="Enchey Monastery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Enchey_Monastery_Prayer_Hall_%28Dukhang%29.jpg/300px-Enchey_Monastery_Prayer_Hall_%28Dukhang%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Enchey_Monastery_Prayer_Hall_%28Dukhang%29.jpg/450px-Enchey_Monastery_Prayer_Hall_%28Dukhang%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Enchey_Monastery_Prayer_Hall_%28Dukhang%29.jpg/599px-Enchey_Monastery_Prayer_Hall_%28Dukhang%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2627" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Enchey Monastery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Viswavinayak.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vishwa Vinayak Temple at Rhenock"><img alt="Vishwa Vinayak Temple at Rhenock" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Viswavinayak.jpg/260px-Viswavinayak.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Viswavinayak.jpg/391px-Viswavinayak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Viswavinayak.jpg/520px-Viswavinayak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Vishwa Vinayak Temple at <a href="/wiki/Rhenock" title="Rhenock">Rhenock</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Districts">Districts</h2></div> <p>There are 6 districts in Sikkim, each overseen by a Central Government appointee, the <a href="/wiki/District_collector" class="mw-redirect" title="District collector">district collector</a>, who is in charge of the administration of the civilian areas of the districts. The Indian Army has control of a large territory, as the state is a sensitive border area. Many areas are restricted and <a href="/wiki/Foreigners_(Protected_Areas)_Order_1958_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreigners (Protected Areas) Order 1958 (India)">permits</a> are needed to visit them. The six districts are: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" width="98%" style="border:1px solid black"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#99ccff"> <td width="10%"><b>Code</b> </td> <td width="20%"><b>District</b> </td> <td width="20%"><b>Headquarters</b> </td> <td width="10%"><b>Population (2011)</b><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td width="10%"><b>Area (km²)</b> </td> <td width="10%"><b>Density (/km²)</b> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F4F9FF"> <td>GD</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gangtok_district" title="Gangtok district">Gangtok district</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a></td> <td>281,293</td> <td>954</td> <td>257 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F4F9FF"> <td>MD</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mangan_district" title="Mangan district">Mangan district</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mangan,_India" title="Mangan, India">Mangan</a></td> <td>43,354</td> <td>4,226</td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F4F9FF"> <td>ND</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Namchi_district" title="Namchi district">Namchi district</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Namchi" title="Namchi">Namchi</a></td> <td>146,742</td> <td>750</td> <td>175 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F4F9FF"> <td>GD</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gyalshing_district" title="Gyalshing district">Gyalshing district</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Geyzing" class="mw-redirect" title="Geyzing">Geyzing</a></td> <td>136,299</td> <td>1,166</td> <td>106 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F4F9FF"> <td>PD</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pakyong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakyong District">Pakyong District</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pakyong" title="Pakyong">Pakyong</a></td> <td>74,583</td> <td>404</td> <td>180 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F4F9FF"> <td>SD</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Soreng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Soreng District">Soreng District</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Soreng" title="Soreng">Soreng</a></td> <td>na</td> <td>na</td> <td>na </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sikkim" title="Music of Sikkim">Music of Sikkim</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals_and_holidays">Festivals and holidays</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gumpa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gumpa.jpg/220px-Gumpa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gumpa.jpg/330px-Gumpa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gumpa.jpg/440px-Gumpa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="468" /></a><figcaption>The traditional Gumpa dance being performed in <a href="/wiki/Lachung" title="Lachung">Lachung</a> during the Buddhist festival of <a href="/wiki/Losar" title="Losar">Losar</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Sikkim's Gorkhali majority celebrate all major Hindu festivals, including <a href="/wiki/Tihar_(festival)" title="Tihar (festival)">Tihar</a> (Diwali) and <a href="/wiki/Dashain" title="Dashain">Dashain</a> (Dashera). Traditional local festivals, such as <a href="/wiki/Maghe_Sankranti" title="Maghe Sankranti">Maghe Sankranti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramnavmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramnavmi">Ramnavmi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Janmastami" class="mw-redirect" title="Janmastami">Janmastami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shivaratri" class="mw-redirect" title="Shivaratri">Shivaratri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navratri" class="mw-redirect" title="Navratri">Navratri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sakela" title="Sakela">Sakela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chasok_Tangnam" title="Chasok Tangnam">Chasok Tangnam</a> and Bhimsen Puja, are popular.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoudhury200635_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoudhury200635-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Losar" title="Losar">Losar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saga_Dawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Saga Dawa">Saga Dawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lhabab_Duechen" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhabab Duechen">Lhabab Duechen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drupka_Teshi" title="Drupka Teshi">Drupka Teshi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bhumchu" title="Bhumchu">Bhumchu</a> are among the Buddhist festivals celebrated in Sikkim. During the Losar (Tibetan New Year), most offices and educational institutions are closed for a week.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoudhury200634_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoudhury200634-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sikkimese Muslims celebrate <a href="/wiki/Eid_ul-Fitr" class="mw-redirect" title="Eid ul-Fitr">Eid ul-Fitr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muharram" title="Muharram">Muharram</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> has been promoted in Gangtok to attract tourists during the off-season.<sup id="cite_ref-Culture_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Culture-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Western <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_pop" title="Indian pop">Indian pop</a> have gained a wide following in Sikkim. <a href="/wiki/Nepalese_rock" title="Nepalese rock">Nepali rock</a> and Lepcha music are also popular.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBareh2001286_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBareh2001286-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sikkim's most popular sports are <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a>, although <a href="/wiki/Hang_gliding" title="Hang gliding">hang gliding</a> and river rafting have grown popular as part of the tourism industry.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_cuisine" title="Sikkimese cuisine">Sikkimese cuisine</a></div><p> Traditional cuisines of the <a href="/wiki/Lepcha_people" title="Lepcha people">Lepcha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limbu_people" title="Limbu people">Limbu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magars" title="Magars">Magar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bhutia" title="Bhutia">Bhutia</a> peoples incorporate the rich biodiversity of the place. The Buddhist saint <a href="/wiki/Padmasambhava" title="Padmasambhava">Padmasambhava</a>, also known as Guru Rinpoche, who passed through ancient Sikkim in the eighth century noted the rich produce of the place in his writings, </p><blockquote><p>There are about 155 varieties of fruits with different tastes and nutritional values. [These include] a walnut that tastes like butter; a fruit known as wallay… and a grape with the taste of wine. There are fruits called tingding with the taste of meat, and sedey, which can be eaten as the equivalent of an entire meal; turnips, and thirty-seven other types of root vegetables are available. There are twenty different varieties of garlic. Altogether, among the edible plants, there are 360 varieties available. There are wild radishes, along with tsolay, nyolay, and grapes in the valley. In the trees, among the rocks and hanging from the cliffs there are beehives.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p><a href="/wiki/Noodle" title="Noodle">Noodle</a>-based dishes such as <a href="/wiki/Thukpa" title="Thukpa">thukpa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chow_mein" title="Chow mein">chow mein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thenthuk" title="Thenthuk">thenthuk</a>, fakthu, gyathuk and <a href="/wiki/Wonton" title="Wonton">wonton</a> are common in Sikkim. <a href="/wiki/Momo_(food)" title="Momo (food)">Momos</a> – steamed <a href="/wiki/Dumpling" title="Dumpling">dumplings</a> filled with vegetables, chicken, mutton, beef or pork and served with soup – are a popular snack.<sup id="cite_ref-tele030902_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tele030902-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">Beer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whiskey" class="mw-redirect" title="Whiskey">whiskey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">rum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">brandy</a> are widely consumed in Sikkim,<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as is <a href="/wiki/Tongba" title="Tongba">tongba</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Millet" title="Millet">millet</a>-based alcoholic beverage that is popular in <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Darjeeling" title="Darjeeling">Darjeeling</a>. Sikkim has the third-highest per capita <a href="/wiki/Alcoholism" title="Alcoholism">alcoholism</a> rate among all Indian states, behind <a href="/wiki/Punjab_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab (India)">Punjab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Do-drul_Chorten_Stupa,_Gangtok,_Sikkim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Do-drul_Chorten_Stupa%2C_Gangtok%2C_Sikkim.jpg/170px-Do-drul_Chorten_Stupa%2C_Gangtok%2C_Sikkim.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Do-drul_Chorten_Stupa%2C_Gangtok%2C_Sikkim.jpg/255px-Do-drul_Chorten_Stupa%2C_Gangtok%2C_Sikkim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Do-drul_Chorten_Stupa%2C_Gangtok%2C_Sikkim.jpg/340px-Do-drul_Chorten_Stupa%2C_Gangtok%2C_Sikkim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3776" data-file-height="5552" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Dro-dul_Chorten_Stupa" class="mw-redirect" title="Dro-dul Chorten Stupa">Dro-dul Chorten Stupa</a> in Gangtok.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1957, a Nepali monthly magazine <i>Kanchenjunga</i> became the first news outlet for the masses in Sikkim.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The southern urban areas of Sikkim have English, Nepali and Hindi daily newspapers. Nepali-language newspapers, as well as some English newspapers, are locally printed, whereas Hindi and English newspapers are printed in <a href="/wiki/Siliguri" title="Siliguri">Siliguri</a>. Important local dailies and weeklies include <i>Hamro Prajashakti</i> (Nepali daily), <i>Himalayan Mirror</i> (English daily), the <i>Samay Dainik</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Express" title="Sikkim Express">Sikkim Express</a></i> (English), <i>Kanchanjunga Times</i> (Nepali weekly), <i>Pragya Khabar</i> (Nepali weekly) and <i>Himali Bela</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-newspapers-list_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newspapers-list-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, the state receives regional editions of national English newspapers such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Statesman_(India)" title="The Statesman (India)">The Statesman</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Telegraph_(Kolkata)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Telegraph (Kolkata)">The Telegraph</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i> and <i>The Times of India</i>. <i>Himalaya Darpan</i>, a Nepali daily published in Siliguri, is one of the leading Nepali daily newspapers in the region. The <i>Sikkim Herald</i> is an official weekly publication of the government. Online media covering Sikkim include the Nepali newspaper <i>Himgiri</i>, the English news portal <i>Haalkhabar</i> and the literary magazine <i>Tistarangit</i>. <i>Avyakta</i>, <i>Bilokan</i>, the <i>Journal of Hill Research</i>, <i>Khaber Khagaj</i>, <i>Panda</i>, and the <i>Sikkim Science Society Newsletter</i> are among other registered publications.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Internet_caf%C3%A9" title="Internet café">Internet cafés</a> are well established in the district capitals, but <a href="/wiki/Broadband" title="Broadband">broadband</a> connectivity is not widely available. <a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">Satellite television</a> channels through dish antennae are available in most homes in the state. Channels served are largely the same as those available in the rest of India, although Nepali-language channels are also available. The main service providers include <a href="/wiki/Airtel_digital_TV" title="Airtel digital TV">Airtel digital TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tata_Sky" class="mw-redirect" title="Tata Sky">Tata Sky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dish_TV" title="Dish TV">Dish TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/DD_Free_Dish" title="DD Free Dish">DD Free Dish</a> and Nayuma. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_institutions_of_higher_education_in_Sikkim" title="List of institutions of higher education in Sikkim">List of institutions of higher education in Sikkim</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smu.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Smu.JPG/220px-Smu.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Smu.JPG/330px-Smu.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Smu.JPG/440px-Smu.JPG 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="373" /></a><figcaption>Sikkim Manipal University Campus, Gangtok</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2011, Sikkim's adult <a href="/wiki/Literacy_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Literacy rate">literacy rate</a> was 82.2 per cent: 87.29 per cent for males and 76.43 per cent for females.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are a total of 1,157 schools in the state, including 765 schools run by the state government, seven central government schools and 385 private schools.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is one Institute of National Importance,<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one <a href="/wiki/Central_university_(India)" title="Central university (India)">central university</a><sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and four private universities<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Sikkim offering higher education. </p><p>Recently, Government of Sikkim has approved the open school board named Board of Open Schooling and Skill Education,<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=BOSSE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BOSSE (page does not exist)">BOSSE</a> to provide <a href="/wiki/Secondary_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary Education">Secondary Education</a>, Senior Secondary as well as Skill & Vocational Education up to pre-degree level and to provide opportunity to continue education to such students who have missed the opportunity of school education. Sikkim has a <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Technology_Sikkim" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Technology Sikkim">National Institute of Technology</a>, currently operating from a temporary campus in <a href="/wiki/Ravangla" title="Ravangla">Ravangla, South Sikkim</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is one among the ten newly sanctioned <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institutes of Technology">NITs</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> under the 11th Five year Plan, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Technology_Sikkim" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Technology Sikkim">NIT Sikkim</a> also has state of art super computing facility named <a href="/wiki/PARAM" title="PARAM">PARAM Kanchenjunga</a> which is said to be fastest among all 31 <a href="/wiki/NITs" class="mw-redirect" title="NITs">NITs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sikkim_University" title="Sikkim University">Sikkim University</a> is the only central university in Sikkim. The public-private funded institution is the <a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Manipal_University" title="Sikkim Manipal University">Sikkim Manipal University</a> of Technological Sciences, which offers higher education in <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Management" title="Management">management</a>. It also runs a host of <a href="/wiki/Distance_education" title="Distance education">distance education</a> programs in diverse fields.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UGC_169-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UGC-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Medhavi_Skills_University,_Sikkim" title="Medhavi Skills University, Sikkim">Medhavi Skills University</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Private_University_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Private University (India)">private university</a> located in the state of Sikkim, India. It was established in 2021 under the Sikkim Private Universities, (Amendment) Act, 2021. The university aims to provide skill-based education to students and bridge the gap between academia and industry.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UGC_169-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UGC-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are two state-run polytechnic schools – the Advanced Technical Training Centre (ATTC) and the Centre for Computers and Communication Technology (CCCT) – which offer <a href="/wiki/Diploma" title="Diploma">diploma</a> courses in various branches of engineering. ATTC is situated at Bardang, <a href="/wiki/Singtam" title="Singtam">Singtam</a>, and CCCT at Chisopani, Namchi. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_University" title="Sikkim University">Sikkim University</a> began operating in 2008 at <a href="/wiki/Yangang" title="Yangang">Yangang</a>, which is situated about 28 kilometres (17 mi) from Singtam.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many students, however, migrate to <a href="/wiki/Siliguri" title="Siliguri">Siliguri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a> and other Indian cities for their higher education. </p><p>The campus of the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Electronics_%26_Information_Technology" title="National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology">National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology (NIELIT)</a>, under the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Electronics_and_Information_Technology" title="Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology">Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology</a> of the Government of India, is at <a href="/wiki/Pakyong" title="Pakyong">Pakyong</a> in East Sikkim, and offers formal and informal education in the IT/ITES sector. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Towns_and_cities">Towns and cities</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M.G._Marg,_Gangtok_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/M.G._Marg%2C_Gangtok_01.jpg/220px-M.G._Marg%2C_Gangtok_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/M.G._Marg%2C_Gangtok_01.jpg/330px-M.G._Marg%2C_Gangtok_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/M.G._Marg%2C_Gangtok_01.jpg/440px-M.G._Marg%2C_Gangtok_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4571" data-file-height="3047" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Marg_(Gangtok)" title="Mahatma Gandhi Marg (Gangtok)">M. G. Marg</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jorethang_at_night..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Jorethang_at_night..jpg/220px-Jorethang_at_night..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Jorethang_at_night..jpg/330px-Jorethang_at_night..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Jorethang_at_night..jpg/440px-Jorethang_at_night..jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="579" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jorethang" title="Jorethang">Jorethang</a> at night time.</figcaption></figure> <p>The major towns and cities of Sikkim are as follows: </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakyong" title="Pakyong">Pakyong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namchi" title="Namchi">Namchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jorethang" title="Jorethang">Jorethang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rangpo" title="Rangpo">Rangpo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singtam" title="Singtam">Singtam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gyalshing" title="Gyalshing">Gyalshing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mangan,_India" title="Mangan, India">Mangan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soreng" title="Soreng">Soreng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pelling" title="Pelling">Pelling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhenock" title="Rhenock">Rhenock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rongli" title="Rongli">Rongli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rorathang" title="Rorathang">Rorathang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ravangla" title="Ravangla">Ravangla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chungthang" title="Chungthang">Chungthang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ranipool" title="Ranipool">Ranipool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lachen,_Sikkim" title="Lachen, Sikkim">Lachen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nayabazar" title="Nayabazar">Nayabazar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lachung" title="Lachung">Lachung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dikchu" title="Dikchu">Dikchu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Majitar" title="Majitar">Majitar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legship" title="Legship">Legship</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melli" title="Melli">Melli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuksom" title="Yuksom">Yuksom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sherathang" title="Sherathang">Sherathang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namthang" title="Namthang">Namthang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rinchenpong" title="Rinchenpong">Rinchenpong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singhik" title="Singhik">Singhik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hee_Burmiok" title="Hee Burmiok">Hee Burmiok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tashiding" title="Tashiding">Tashiding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kumrek" title="Kumrek">Kumrek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makha,_Sikkim" title="Makha, Sikkim">Makha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yangang" title="Yangang">Yangang</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Damthang,_Sikkim" title="Damthang, Sikkim">Damthang</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2></div> <p>The popular sports played in Sikkim include <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">archery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badminton" title="Badminton">badminton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sport_of_athletics" title="Sport of athletics">athletics</a>. Adventure sports like <a href="/wiki/Paragliding" title="Paragliding">paragliding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiking" title="Hiking">Hiking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mountain_biking" title="Mountain biking">mountain biking</a> are also popular in Sikkim. The stadiums of Sikkim are as follows: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mining_Ground" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining Ground">Mining Cricket Stadium</a>, Rangpo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paljor_Stadium" title="Paljor Stadium">Paljor Stadium</a>, Gangtok</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaichung_Stadium" title="Bhaichung Stadium">Bhaichung Stadium</a>, Namchi</li> <li>Resithang Athletics Stadium, Gangtok.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Sikkim" title="Outline of Sikkim">Outline of Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Sikkim_district" class="mw-redirect" title="East Sikkim district">East Sikkim district</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Constitution+has+been+amended+94+times&rft.date=2010-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FConstitution-has-been-amended-94-times%2Farticleshow%2F5683974.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3015840.stm">"India and China agree over Tibet"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 24 June 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=India+and+China+agree+over+Tibet&rft.date=2003-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F3015840.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowersTempleman2012" class="citation cs2">Powers, John; Templeman, David (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LVlyX6iSDEQC&pg=PA184"><i>Historical Dictionary of Tibet</i></a>, Scarecrow Press, p. 184, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7984-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7984-3"><bdi>978-0-8108-7984-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Tibet&rft.pages=184&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7984-3&rft.aulast=Powers&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Templeman%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLVlyX6iSDEQC%26pg%3DPA184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPardesi2015" class="citation cs2">Pardesi, Manjeet (2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k9g5CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA542">"China–India: Aksai Chin and Arunachal Pradesh Plateaus"</a>, in Emmanuel Brunet-Jailly (ed.), <i>Border Disputes: A Global Encyclopedia, 3 volumes: A Global Encyclopedia</i>, ABC-CLIO, pp. <span class="nowrap">543–</span>544, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-024-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-024-9"><bdi>978-1-61069-024-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=China%E2%80%93India%3A+Aksai+Chin+and+Arunachal+Pradesh+Plateaus&rft.btitle=Border+Disputes%3A+A+Global+Encyclopedia%2C+3+volumes%3A+A+Global+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E543-%3C%2Fspan%3E544&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-61069-024-9&rft.aulast=Pardesi&rft.aufirst=Manjeet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk9g5CgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA542&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span>: "Soon thereafter, India signed an agreement with China—on April 29, 1954—which explicitly recognized Tibet as part of China."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAcharya2015" class="citation cs2">Acharya, Alka (2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KL8DCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA358">"China"</a>, in David Malone; C. Raja Mohan; Srinath Raghavan (eds.), <i>The Oxford Handbook of Indian Foreign Policy</i>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, p. 358, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-874353-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-874353-8"><bdi>978-0-19-874353-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=China&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Indian+Foreign+Policy&rft.pages=358&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-19-874353-8&rft.aulast=Acharya&rft.aufirst=Alka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKL8DCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span>: "With the signing of Panchsheel, however, India ... established the official Indian position that Tibet was a part of China and that India would not permit any anti-China activity on its soil."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Map-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Map_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaruah2005" class="citation news cs1">Baruah, Amit (12 April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070228082759/http://www.hindu.com/2005/04/12/stories/2005041210160100.htm">"China backs India's bid for U.N. Council seat"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2005/04/12/stories/2005041210160100.htm">the original</a> on 28 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=China+backs+India%27s+bid+for+U.N.+Council+seat&rft.date=2005-04-12&rft.aulast=Baruah&rft.aufirst=Amit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2005%2F04%2F12%2Fstories%2F2005041210160100.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_Nathula-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Nathula_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Nathula_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5150682.stm">"Historic India-China link opens"</a>. BBC News. 6 July 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060707022630/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5150682.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Historic+India-China+link+opens&rft.date=2006-07-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F5150682.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaddell1905" class="citation cs2">Waddell, L. Austin (1905), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.79988"><i>Lhasa and its Mysteries</i></a>, London: <a href="/wiki/John_Murray_(publishing_house)" title="John Murray (publishing house)">John Murray</a>, p. 106 – via archive.org</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lhasa+and+its+Mysteries&rft.place=London&rft.pages=106&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Waddell&rft.aufirst=L.+Austin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.79988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_himalayan-quake-toll-climbs-to-116-40-stranded-foreign-tourists-rescued_1589946">"Himalayan quake toll climbs to 116, 40 stranded foreign tourists rescued"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110926110846/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_himalayan-quake-toll-climbs-to-116-40-stranded-foreign-tourists-rescued_1589946">Archived</a> 26 September 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Daily_News_and_Analysis" title="Daily News and Analysis">DNA</a>. 21 September 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/earthquake-toll-rises-to-50-in-india-rescue-teams-land-at-quakes-epicentre-mangan-134859">"Earthquake toll over 80; India 68; as rescue teams reach quake epicentre"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110925030112/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/earthquake-toll-rises-to-50-in-india-rescue-teams-land-at-quakes-epicentre-mangan-134859">Archived</a> 25 September 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. NDTV. 20 September 2011. Retrieved 3 December 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kang-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kang_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadge1995" class="citation book cs1">Madge, Tim (1995). <i>Last Hero: Bill Tilman, a Biography of the Explorer</i>. Mountaineers Books. p. 93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89886-452-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89886-452-6"><bdi>978-0-89886-452-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Last+Hero%3A+Bill+Tilman%2C+a+Biography+of+the+Explorer&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=Mountaineers+Books&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-89886-452-6&rft.aulast=Madge&rft.aufirst=Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sikkim.nic.in/sws/glim_riv.htm">"Rivers in Sikkim"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111015180108/http://sikkim.nic.in/sws/glim_riv.htm">Archived</a> 15 October 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Sikkim.nic.in. Retrieved 13 October 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721155637/http://dstsikkim.gov.in/glacier/pressrelese.htm">"First commission on study of glaciers launched by Sikkim"</a>. dstsikkim.gov.in. 18 January 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dstsikkim.gov.in/glacier/pressrelese.htm">the original</a> on 21 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+commission+on+study+of+glaciers+launched+by+Sikkim&rft.pub=dstsikkim.gov.in&rft.date=2008-01-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdstsikkim.gov.in%2Fglacier%2Fpressrelese.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKapadia2001" class="citation book cs1">Kapadia, Harish (2001). "Appendix". <i>Across peaks & passes in Darjeeling & Sikkim</i>. Indus Publishing. p. 154. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7387-126-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7387-126-9"><bdi>978-81-7387-126-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Appendix&rft.btitle=Across+peaks+%26+passes+in+Darjeeling+%26+Sikkim&rft.pages=154&rft.pub=Indus+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-81-7387-126-9&rft.aulast=Kapadia&rft.aufirst=Harish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoudhury200611-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoudhury200611_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoudhury200611_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChoudhury2006">Choudhury 2006</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooker1855" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dalton_Hooker" title="Joseph Dalton Hooker">Hooker, Joseph Dalton</a> (1855). <i>Himalayan Journals: Notes of a Naturalist</i>. Vol. II. London: John Murray. p. 125.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Himalayan+Journals%3A+Notes+of+a+Naturalist&rft.place=London&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1855&rft.aulast=Hooker&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Dalton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sikenvis.nic.in/Database/GSI_4420.aspx">"Geologic map of Sikkim"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170810170833/http://sikenvis.nic.in/Database/GSI_4420.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Infochange India. 9 December 2008. Retrieved 24 June 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiasanitationportal.org/463">"NIRMAL GRAM PURASKAR 2011"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120414050755/http://www.indiasanitationportal.org/463">Archived</a> 14 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. India Sanitation Portal. 2011. Retrieved 24 June 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html">"Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India"</a>. <i>www.censusindia.gov.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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PIB.NIC.in. 5 December 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081205161717/http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2003/fdec2003/f051220031.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Ethnic+People+of+Sikkim&rft.pub=PIB.NIC.in&rft.date=2003-12-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpib.nic.in%2Ffeature%2Ffeyr2003%2Ffdec2003%2Ff051220031.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarence1974" class="citation book cs1">Clarence, Maloney (1974). <i>Peoples of South Asia</i>. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. p. 409. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-03-084969-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-03-084969-5"><bdi>978-0-03-084969-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peoples+of+South+Asia&rft.pages=409&rft.pub=Holt%2C+Rinehart+and+Winston&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-03-084969-5&rft.aulast=Clarence&rft.aufirst=Maloney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2001-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census2001_134-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2001_134-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html">"Census of India – Religious Composition"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+India&rft.atitle=C-1+Population+By+Religious+Community+%E2%80%93+Sikkim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2FC-01%2FDDW11C-01%2520MDDS.XLS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PEWRC-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PEWRC_138-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PEWRC_138-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/2021/09/21/religious-demography-of-indian-states-and-territories/">"Sikkim"</a>. Pew Research Center. 21 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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IRFA.org.au. 2014. Retrieved 18 December 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBareh20019-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBareh20019_140-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBareh2001">Bareh 2001</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh1992" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Kumar Suresh (1992). <i>People of India: Sikkim</i>. 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Stosius/Advent Books. p. 140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86590-694-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86590-694-5"><bdi>978-0-86590-694-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+government+and+politics%3A+Sikkim&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=Stosius%2FAdvent+Books&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-86590-694-5&rft.au=Nirmalananda+Sengupta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/religion.aspx">"Census and You – Religion"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180315004939/http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/religion.aspx">Archived</a> 15 March 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Census India. Retrieved 20 October 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Plaisier-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Plaisier_144-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlaisier2007" class="citation book cs1">Plaisier, Heleen (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DpCXEc_9RWcC&pg=PA15"><i>Languages of the Greater Himalayan Region. A Grammar of Lepcha</i></a>. Vol. 5. Brill. pp. 4, 15 (photo). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15525-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15525-1"><bdi>978-90-04-15525-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160516011005/https://books.google.com/books?id=DpCXEc_9RWcC&pg=PA15">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Languages+of+the+Greater+Himalayan+Region.+A+Grammar+of+Lepcha&rft.pages=4%2C+15+%28photo%29&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-90-04-15525-1&rft.aulast=Plaisier&rft.aufirst=Heleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDpCXEc_9RWcC%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/sikkim/stm1.xls">"Ranking od (sic) Districts by Population Size"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span>. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, New Delhi-110011. 2010–2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ranking+od+%28sic%29+Districts+by+Population+Size&rft.pub=The+Registrar+General+%26+Census+Commissioner%2C+India%2C+New+Delhi-110011&rft.date=2010%2F2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011-prov-results%2Fdata_files%2Fsikkim%2Fstm1.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoudhury200635-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoudhury200635_146-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChoudhury2006">Choudhury 2006</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoudhury200634-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoudhury200634_147-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChoudhury2006">Choudhury 2006</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSikkim_Research_Institute_of_Tibetology1995" class="citation book cs1">Sikkim Research Institute of Tibetology (1995). <i>Bulletin of Tibetology</i>. Namgyal Institute of Tibetology. p. 79.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bulletin+of+Tibetology&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Namgyal+Institute+of+Tibetology&rft.date=1995&rft.au=Sikkim+Research+Institute+of+Tibetology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Culture-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Culture_149-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060714040958/http://sikkimipr.org/GENERAL/CULTURE/LUCKY_SIGNS.htm">"Culture and Festivals of Sikkim"</a>. Department of Information and Public Relations, Government of Sikkim. 29 September 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sikkimipr.org/GENERAL/CULTURE/LUCKY_SIGNS.htm">the original</a> on 14 July 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Festivals+of+Sikkim&rft.pub=Department+of+Information+and+Public+Relations%2C+Government+of+Sikkim&rft.date=2005-09-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsikkimipr.org%2FGENERAL%2FCULTURE%2FLUCKY_SIGNS.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBareh2001286-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBareh2001286_150-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBareh2001">Bareh 2001</a>, p. 286.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLama1994" class="citation book cs1">Lama, Mahendra P. (1994). <i>Sikkim: Society, Polity, Economy, Environment</i>. Indus Publishing. p. 128. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7387-013-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7387-013-2"><bdi>978-81-7387-013-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sikkim%3A+Society%2C+Polity%2C+Economy%2C+Environment&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=Indus+Publishing&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-81-7387-013-2&rft.aulast=Lama&rft.aufirst=Mahendra+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhutia2024" class="citation journal cs1">Bhutia, Kalzang Dorjee (2 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07409710.2024.2333114">"The Chile is my uncle: Spicy kinship between humans and more-than-humans in the Sikkimese Himalayas"</a>. <i>Food and Foodways</i>. <b>32</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">122–</span>141. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F07409710.2024.2333114">10.1080/07409710.2024.2333114</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0740-9710">0740-9710</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Foodways&rft.atitle=The+Chile+is+my+uncle%3A+Spicy+kinship+between+humans+and+more-than-humans+in+the+Sikkimese+Himalayas&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E122-%3C%2Fspan%3E141&rft.date=2024-04-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F07409710.2024.2333114&rft.issn=0740-9710&rft.aulast=Bhutia&rft.aufirst=Kalzang+Dorjee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F07409710.2024.2333114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tele030902-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tele030902_153-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShangderpa2002" class="citation news cs1">Shangderpa, Pema Leyda (3 September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080510102545/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1020903/asp/siliguri/story_1161127.asp">"Sleepy capital comes alive to beats of GenX"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1020903/asp/siliguri/story_1161127.asp">the original</a> on 10 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Sleepy+capital+comes+alive+to+beats+of+GenX&rft.date=2002-09-03&rft.aulast=Shangderpa&rft.aufirst=Pema+Leyda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1020903%2Fasp%2Fsiliguri%2Fstory_1161127.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShrivastava2002" class="citation book cs1">Shrivastava, Alok K. (2002). "Sikkimese cuisine". <i>Surajkund, the Sikkim story</i>. New Delhi: South Asia Foundation. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-88287-01-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-88287-01-7"><bdi>978-81-88287-01-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sikkimese+cuisine&rft.btitle=Surajkund%2C+the+Sikkim+story&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=South+Asia+Foundation&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-81-88287-01-7&rft.aulast=Shrivastava&rft.aufirst=Alok+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNagarajan2007" class="citation news cs1">Nagarajan, Rema (25 July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2231571.cms">"India gets its high from whisky"</a>. <i>Times of India</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161227073943/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2231571.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+India&rft.atitle=India+gets+its+high+from+whisky&rft.date=2007-07-25&rft.aulast=Nagarajan&rft.aufirst=Rema&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Farticleshow%2F2231571.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kanchenjunga and Sikkim Press: How Media Started Its Practice in Sikkim</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newspapers-list-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-newspapers-list_157-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080121045116/http://www.sikkimipr.org/IPR/news_jounalists/news_papers_and_journalists.htm">"Newspapers and Journalists in Sikkim"</a>. IT Department, Government of Sikkim. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sikkimipr.org/IPR/news_jounalists/news_papers_and_journalists.htm">the original</a> on 21 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Newspapers+and+Journalists+in+Sikkim&rft.pub=IT+Department%2C+Government+of+Sikkim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sikkimipr.org%2FIPR%2Fnews_jounalists%2Fnews_papers_and_journalists.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_158-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090619090128/https://rni.nic.in/search_place.asp">"Publication Place Wise-Registration"</a>. Registrar of Newspapers for India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rni.nic.in/search_place.asp">the original</a> on 19 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Publication+Place+Wise-Registration&rft.pub=Registrar+of+Newspapers+for+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frni.nic.in%2Fsearch_place.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span> If one types <i>Sikkim</i> in the input box and submits, the list is displayed.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_chapter6.pdf">"State of Literacy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census India</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+India&rft.atitle=State+of+Literacy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011-prov-results%2Fdata_files%2Findia%2FFinal_PPT_2011_chapter6.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalmiki_Prasad_Singh_Governor_of_Sikkim2010" class="citation web cs1">Balmiki Prasad Singh Governor of Sikkim (26 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120304065745/http://www.sikkimipr.org/images/herald/Jan%2026.pdf">"In the process of Constitutional democracy, Sikkim has not lagged behind-Governor"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+the+process+of+Constitutional+democracy%2C+Sikkim+has+not+lagged+behind-Governor&rft.date=2010-02-26&rft.au=Balmiki+Prasad+Singh+Governor+of+Sikkim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sikkimipr.org%2Fimages%2Fherald%2FJan%252026.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ugc.ac.in/institutes-national-importance.aspx">"Institutes of National Importance"</a>. <i>www.ugc.ac.in</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180827110345/https://www.ugc.ac.in/institutes-national-importance.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ugc.ac.in&rft.atitle=Institutes+of+National+Importance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ugc.ac.in%2Finstitutes-national-importance.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ugc.ac.in/centralniversitylist.aspx?id=30&Unitype=1">"Central University"</a>. <i>www.ugc.ac.in</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180827075519/https://www.ugc.ac.in/centralniversitylist.aspx?id=30&Unitype=1">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Planning_Prelims&rft.atitle=Eleventh+Five+Year+Plan+2007%E2%80%932012&rft.pages=134&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplanningcommission.nic.in%2Fplans%2Fmta%2F11th_mta%2Fchapterwise%2FComp_mta11th.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdac.in/index.aspx?id=pk_pr_prs_rl228">"Hon'ble Governor of Sikkim inaugurated "PARAM Kanchenjunga" at NIT Sikkim"</a>. <i>C-DAC</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180827075548/https://www.cdac.in/index.aspx?id=pk_pr_prs_rl228">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=C-DAC&rft.atitle=Hon%27ble+Governor+of+Sikkim+inaugurated+%22PARAM+Kanchenjunga%22+at+NIT+Sikkim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdac.in%2Findex.aspx%3Fid%3Dpk_pr_prs_rl228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSailesh2010" class="citation web cs1">Sailesh (26 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smude.edu.in">"Distance Education"</a>. Sikkim Manipal University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117184156/http://www.smude.edu.in/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Distance+Education&rft.pub=Sikkim+Manipal+University&rft.date=2010-06-26&rft.au=Sailesh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smude.edu.in&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UGC-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UGC_169-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UGC_169-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ugc.gov.in/privatuniversity.aspx">"Private Universities - University Grants Commission"</a>. <i>University Grants Commission (India)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Siliguri<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Telegraph+India&rft.atitle=Sikkim+nod+for+two+private+universities&rft.date=2021-06-16&rft.aulast=Ravidas&rft.aufirst=Rajeev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2Fstates%2Fsikkim-nod-for-two-private-universities%2Fcid%2F1818955&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChettri2008" class="citation news cs1">Chettri, Vivek (4 February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081012112302/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080204/jsp/siliguri/story_8858265.jsp">"Do-it-yourself mantra for varsity"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080204/jsp/siliguri/story_8858265.jsp">the original</a> on 12 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Do-it-yourself+mantra+for+varsity&rft.date=2008-02-04&rft.aulast=Chettri&rft.aufirst=Vivek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1080204%2Fjsp%2Fsiliguri%2Fstory_8858265.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading_and_bibliography">Further reading and bibliography</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBajpai1999" class="citation cs2">Bajpai, G. S. (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EB2l6dr_JlwC"><i>China's Shadow Over Sikkim: The Politics of Intimidation</i></a>, Lancer Publishers, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-897829-52-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-897829-52-3"><bdi>978-1-897829-52-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%27s+Shadow+Over+Sikkim%3A+The+Politics+of+Intimidation&rft.pub=Lancer+Publishers&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-897829-52-3&rft.aulast=Bajpai&rft.aufirst=G.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEB2l6dr_JlwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBareh2001" class="citation book cs1">Bareh, Hamlet (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jrr7HPr8NAQC">"Introduction"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia of North-East India: Sikkim</i>. Mittal Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-794-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-794-8"><bdi>978-81-7099-794-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+North-East+India%3A+Sikkim&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-81-7099-794-8&rft.aulast=Bareh&rft.aufirst=Hamlet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Djrr7HPr8NAQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChoudhury2006" class="citation book cs1">Choudhury, Maitreyee (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W9EwNfXkxZwC"><i>Sikkim: Geographical Perspectives</i></a>. New Delhi: Mittal Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8324-158-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8324-158-8"><bdi>978-81-8324-158-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sikkim%3A+Geographical+Perspectives&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-81-8324-158-8&rft.aulast=Choudhury&rft.aufirst=Maitreyee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW9EwNfXkxZwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuff,_Sikkim:_Requiem_for_a_Himalayan_Kingdom2015" class="citation cs2">Duff, Andrew (2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m1VDCQAAQBAJ"><i>Sikkim: Requiem for a Himalayan Kingdom</i></a>, Birlinn, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85790-245-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85790-245-0"><bdi>978-0-85790-245-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sikkim%3A+Requiem+for+a+Himalayan+Kingdom&rft.pub=Birlinn&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-85790-245-0&rft.aulast=Duff&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm1VDCQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans1932" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/W._H._Evans" class="mw-redirect" title="W. H. Evans">Evans, W. H.</a> (1932). <i>The Identification of Indian Butterflies</i> (2nd ed.). Mumbai, India: Bombay Natural History Society. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00086SOSG">B00086SOSG</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Identification+of+Indian+Butterflies&rft.place=Mumbai%2C+India&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Bombay+Natural+History+Society&rft.date=1932&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB00086SOSG%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=W.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForbesHenley2011" class="citation book cs1">Forbes, Andrew; Henley, David (2011). "The Tea Horse Road from Lhasa to Sikkim". <i>China's Ancient Tea Horse Road</i>. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B005DQV7Q2">B005DQV7Q2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Tea+Horse+Road+from+Lhasa+to+Sikkim&rft.btitle=China%27s+Ancient+Tea+Horse+Road&rft.place=Chiang+Mai&rft.pub=Cognoscenti+Books&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB005DQV7Q2%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Forbes&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Henley%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGupta1975" class="citation cs2">Gupta, Ranjan (September 1975), "Sikkim: The Merger with India", <i>Asian Survey</i>, <b>15</b> (9): <span class="nowrap">786–</span>798, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2643174">10.2307/2643174</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2643174">2643174</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Survey&rft.atitle=Sikkim%3A+The+Merger+with+India&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E786-%3C%2Fspan%3E798&rft.date=1975-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2643174&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2643174%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=Ranjan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooker1854" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dalton_Hooker" title="Joseph Dalton Hooker">Hooker, Joseph Dalton</a> (1854). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wvO_GDMo7X8C"><i>Himalayan Journals: notes of a naturalist in Bengal, the Sikkim and Nepal Himalayas, the Khasia mountains etc</i></a>. Ward, Lock, Bowden & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60620-983-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60620-983-7"><bdi>978-1-60620-983-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Himalayan+Journals%3A+notes+of+a+naturalist+in+Bengal%2C+the+Sikkim+and+Nepal+Himalayas%2C+the+Khasia+mountains+etc.&rft.pub=Ward%2C+Lock%2C+Bowden+%26+Co.&rft.date=1854&rft.isbn=978-1-60620-983-7&rft.aulast=Hooker&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Dalton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwvO_GDMo7X8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaribal2003" class="citation book cs1">Haribal, Meena (2003) [1994]. <i>Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and their Natural History</i>. Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation. Natraj Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85019-11-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85019-11-6"><bdi>978-81-85019-11-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Butterflies+of+Sikkim+Himalaya+and+their+Natural+History&rft.series=Sikkim+Nature+Conservation+Foundation&rft.pub=Natraj+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-81-85019-11-6&rft.aulast=Haribal&rft.aufirst=Meena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKandell1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alice_S._Kandell" title="Alice S. Kandell">Kandell, Alice S.</a> (1971). <i>Sikkim: The Hidden Kingdom</i> (2nd ed.). Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-03-8502-206-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-03-8502-206-4"><bdi>978-03-8502-206-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sikkim%3A+The+Hidden+Kingdom&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-03-8502-206-4&rft.aulast=Kandell&rft.aufirst=Alice+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Manorama Yearbook, 2003</i>. Malayala Manorama Company. 2003. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-900461-8-7" title="Special:BookSources/81-900461-8-7"><bdi>81-900461-8-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manorama+Yearbook%2C+2003&rft.pub=Malayala+Manorama+Company&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=81-900461-8-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRayDas2001" class="citation book cs1">Ray, Arundhati; Das, Sujoy (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xnw-2sU1KMoC"><i>Sikkim: A Traveller's Guide</i></a>. New Delhi: Orient Blackswan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7824-008-4" title="Special:BookSources/81-7824-008-4"><bdi>81-7824-008-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sikkim%3A+A+Traveller%27s+Guide&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Orient+Blackswan&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=81-7824-008-4&rft.aulast=Ray&rft.aufirst=Arundhati&rft.au=Das%2C+Sujoy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXnw-2sU1KMoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Road & trekking maps of Darjeeling, Sikkim & Bhutan, Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary</i>. New Delhi: Nest & Wings. 2003. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-87592-07-9" title="Special:BookSources/81-87592-07-9"><bdi>81-87592-07-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Road+%26+trekking+maps+of+Darjeeling%2C+Sikkim+%26+Bhutan%2C+Jaldapara+Wildlife+Sanctuary&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Nest+%26+Wings&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=81-87592-07-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose,_Modernizing_a_Traditional_Administrative_System1978" class="citation cs2">Rose, Leo E. (1978), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B0C-IhEKrSEC&pg=PA205">"Modernizing a Traditional Administrative System: Sikkim 1890–1973"</a>, in James F. Fisher (ed.), <i>Himalayan Anthropology: The Indo-Tibetan Interface</i>, Walter de Gruyter, pp. 205–, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-279-7700-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-279-7700-7"><bdi>978-90-279-7700-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Modernizing+a+Traditional+Administrative+System%3A+Sikkim+1890%E2%80%931973&rft.btitle=Himalayan+Anthropology%3A+The+Indo-Tibetan+Interface&rft.pages=205-&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-90-279-7700-7&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Leo+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB0C-IhEKrSEC%26pg%3DPA205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinha" class="citation cs2">Sinha, A. C., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ide.go.jp/library/English/Publish/Reports/Jrp/pdf/133_10.pdf">"Sikkim"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, in Mayumi Murayama; Kyoko Inoue; Sanjoy Hazarika (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Reports/Jrp/133.html"><i>Sub-Regional Relations in the Eastern South Asia: With Special Focus on India's North Eastern Region</i></a>, Institute of Developing Economies</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sikkim&rft.btitle=Sub-Regional+Relations+in+the+Eastern+South+Asia%3A+With+Special+Focus+on+India%27s+North+Eastern+Region&rft.pub=Institute+of+Developing+Economies&rft.aulast=Sinha&rft.aufirst=A.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ide.go.jp%2Flibrary%2FEnglish%2FPublish%2FReports%2FJrp%2Fpdf%2F133_10.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Sikkim: Land of Mystic Splendour</i>. Kathmandu: Himalayan Map House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9993360392" title="Special:BookSources/9993360392"><bdi>9993360392</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sikkim%3A+Land+of+Mystic+Splendour&rft.place=Kathmandu&rft.pub=Himalayan+Map+House&rft.isbn=9993360392&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASikkim" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output 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li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Sikkim</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sikkim" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Sikkim">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" class="extiw" title="c:Sikkim">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sikkim" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Sikkim">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sikkimtourism.gov.in/">Official website of Sikkim Tourism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_information">General information</h3></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/1791324">Sikkim</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Sikkim25" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Sikkim25" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Sikkim</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet Autonomous Region</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Koshi_Province" title="Koshi Province">Koshi Province</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span>   </span><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Sikkim</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haa_District" title="Haa District">Haa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samtse_District" title="Samtse District">Samtse Districts</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="25px&#124;link=Emblem_of_Sikkim_State_of_Sikkim402" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sikkim" title="Template:Sikkim"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sikkim" title="Template talk:Sikkim"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sikkim" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sikkim"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="25px&#124;link=Emblem_of_Sikkim_State_of_Sikkim402" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Sikkim" title="Emblem of Sikkim"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_the_Government_of_Sikkim.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_Government_of_Sikkim.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_the_Government_of_Sikkim.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_Government_of_Sikkim.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_the_Government_of_Sikkim.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Government_of_Sikkim.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3189" data-file-height="2126" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sikkim</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_symbols" title="List of Indian state symbols">State symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_flags" title="List of Indian state flags">Flag</a>: <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Sikkim" title="Flag of Sikkim">Flag of Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_emblems" title="List of Indian state emblems">Emblem</a>: <a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Sikkim" title="Emblem of Sikkim">Emblem of Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_animals" title="List of Indian state animals">Animal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Red_panda" title="Red panda">Red panda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_birds" title="List of Indian state birds">Bird</a>: <a href="/wiki/Blood_pheasant" title="Blood pheasant">Blood pheasant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_flowers" title="List of Indian state flowers">Flower</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dendrobium_nobile" title="Dendrobium nobile">Noble dendrobium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_trees" title="List of Indian state trees">Tree</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rhododendron_niveum" title="Rhododendron niveum">Rhododendron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikkim" title="Category:Sikkim">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sikkim" title="History of Sikkim">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sikkim" title="Kingdom of Sikkim">Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chogyal" title="Chogyal">Chogyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_the_Kingdom_of_Sikkim" title="List of heads of government of the Kingdom of Sikkim">Heads of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_officers_in_the_Kingdom_of_Sikkim" title="List of political officers in the Kingdom of Sikkim">Political officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_(Sikkim)" title="State Council (Sikkim)">State Council</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Geography">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangchenjunga" title="Kangchenjunga">Highest point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikkimese language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sikkim" title="Music of Sikkim">Music</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Government_and_politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_people" title="Sikkimese people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_cuisine" title="Sikkimese cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Day" title="Sikkim Day">State Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_administration" title="Public administration">Administration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sikkim" title="Government of Sikkim">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Legislative_Assembly" title="Sikkim Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Sikkim" title="List of chief ministers of Sikkim">Chief Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Sikkim" title="List of governors of Sikkim">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_High_Court" title="Sikkim High Court">High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Police" title="Sikkim Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Sikkim" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of Sikkim">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_State_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Sikkim State Human Rights Commission">Human Rights Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_Sikkim" title="Political parties in Sikkim">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Sikkim" title="List of districts of Sikkim">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gangtok_district" title="Gangtok district">Gangtok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyalshing_district" title="Gyalshing district">Gyalshing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangan_district" title="Mangan district">Mangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakyong_district" title="Pakyong district">Pakyong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namchi_district" title="Namchi district">Namchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soreng_district" title="Soreng district">Soreng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singtam" title="Singtam">Singtam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangpo" title="Rangpo">Rangpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namchi" title="Namchi">Namchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorethang" title="Jorethang">Jorethang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyalshing" title="Gyalshing">Geyzing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangan,_India" title="Mangan, India">Mangan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaldhaka_River" title="Jaldhaka River">Jaldhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachen_River" title="Lachen River">Lachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachung_River" title="Lachung River">Lachung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhonak_River" title="Lhonak River">Lhonak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangeet_River" title="Rangeet River">Rangeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangpo_Chu" title="Rangpo Chu">Rangpo Chu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangpo_River" title="Rangpo River">Rangpo River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranikhola" title="Ranikhola">Ranikhola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratey_Chu" title="Ratey Chu">Ratey Chu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roro_Chu" title="Roro Chu">Roro Chu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teesta_River" title="Teesta River">Teesta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurudongmar_Lake" title="Gurudongmar Lake">Gurudongmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khecheopalri_Lake" title="Khecheopalri Lake">Khecheopalri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Menmecho" title="Lake Menmecho">Menmecho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tso_Lhamo_Lake" title="Tso Lhamo Lake">Tso Lhamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tsomgo" title="Lake Tsomgo">Tsomgo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Glaciers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lonak_Glacier" title="Lonak Glacier">Lonak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rathong_Glacier" title="Rathong Glacier">Rathong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemu_Glacier" title="Zemu Glacier">Zemu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jorethang" title="Jorethang">Jorethang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singtam" title="Singtam">Singtam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangpo" title="Rangpo">Rangpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Tadong" title="Upper Tadong">Upper Tadong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Northeast_India193" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Northeast_India" title="Template:Northeast India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Northeast_India" title="Template talk:Northeast India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Northeast_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Northeast India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Northeast_India193" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agartala" title="Agartala">Agartala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aizawl" title="Aizawl">Aizawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispur" title="Dispur">Dispur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimapur" title="Dimapur">Dimapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guwahati" title="Guwahati">Guwahati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itanagar" title="Itanagar">Itanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohima" title="Kohima">Kohima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silchar" title="Silchar">Silchar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative Assemblies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam_Legislative_Assembly" title="Assam Legislative Assembly">Assam Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur_Legislative_Assembly" title="Manipur Legislative Assembly">Manipur Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_Legislative_Assembly" title="Meghalaya Legislative Assembly">Meghalaya Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizoram_Legislative_Assembly" title="Mizoram Legislative Assembly">Mizoram Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland_Legislative_Assembly" title="Nagaland Legislative Assembly">Nagaland Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Legislative_Assembly" title="Sikkim Legislative Assembly">Sikkim Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura_Legislative_Assembly" title="Tripura Legislative Assembly">Tripura Legislative Assembly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protected Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaziranga_National_Park" title="Kaziranga National Park">Kaziranga National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdapha_National_Park" title="Namdapha National Park">Namdapha National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_National_Park" title="Orang National Park">Orang National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manas_National_Park" title="Manas National Park">Manas National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibru-Saikhowa_National_Park" title="Dibru-Saikhowa National Park">Dibru-Saikhowa National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nameri_National_Park" title="Nameri National Park">Nameri National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balphakram_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Balphakram National Park">Balphakram National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokrek_National_Park" title="Nokrek National Park">Nokrek National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouling_National_Park" title="Mouling National Park">Mouling National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keibul_Lamjao_National_Park" title="Keibul Lamjao National Park">Keibul Lamjao National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirohi_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirohi National Park">Sirohi National Park </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murlen_National_Park" title="Murlen National Park">Murlen National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ntangki_National_Park" title="Ntangki National Park">Ntangki National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pobitora_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary">Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipahijola_Wildlife_Sanctuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Sipahijola Wildlife Sanctuary">Sipahijola Wildlife Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorumara_National_Park" title="Gorumara National Park">Gorumara National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singalila_National_Park" title="Singalila National Park">Singalila National Park </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neora_Valley_National_Park" title="Neora Valley National Park">Neora Valley National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaldapara_National_Park" title="Jaldapara National Park">Jaldapara National Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kangchenjunga" title="Kangchenjunga">Kangchenjunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_Hills" title="Naga Hills">Naga Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patkai_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Patkai Hills">Patkai Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_Hills" title="Khasi Hills">Khasi Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushai_Hills" title="Lushai Hills">Lushai Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam_Himalaya" title="Assam Himalaya">Assam Himalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_Hills" title="Garo Hills">Garo Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jongsong_Peak" title="Jongsong Peak">Jongsong Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gimmigela_Chuli" title="Gimmigela Chuli">Gimmigela Chuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabru" title="Kabru">Kabru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Chuli" title="Kirat Chuli">Kirat Chuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Pandim" title="Mount Pandim">Mount Pandim </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paohanli_Peak" title="Paohanli Peak">Paohanli Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauhunri" title="Pauhunri">Pauhunri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siniolchu" title="Siniolchu">Siniolchu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khecheopalri_Lake" title="Khecheopalri Lake">Khecheopalri Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurudongmar_Lake" title="Gurudongmar Lake">Gurudongmar Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tsongmo" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Tsongmo">Lake Tsongmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loktak_Lake" title="Loktak Lake">Loktak Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandubi_Lake" title="Chandubi Lake">Chandubi Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipor_Bil" title="Dipor Bil">Dipor Bil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_Beel" title="Son Beel">Son Beel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudrasagar_Lake" title="Rudrasagar Lake">Rudrasagar Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijoy_sagar" title="Bijoy sagar">Bijoy sagar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monasteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pemayangtse_Monastery" title="Pemayangtse Monastery">Pemayangtse Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawang_Monastery" title="Tawang Monastery">Tawang Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zang_Dhok_Palri_Phodang" title="Zang Dhok Palri Phodang">Zang Dhok Palri Phodang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumtek_Monastery" title="Rumtek Monastery">Rumtek Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchey_Monastery" title="Enchey Monastery">Enchey Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tashiding_Monastery" title="Tashiding Monastery">Tashiding Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubdi_Monastery" title="Dubdi Monastery">Dubdi Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralang_Monastery" title="Ralang Monastery">Ralang Monastery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Sister_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Sister States">Seven Sister States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_North_East_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in North East India">Tourism in North East India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Assam" title="Tourism in Assam">Tourism in Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Mizoram" title="Tourism in Mizoram">Tourism in Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_India_border_disputes" title="Northeast India border disputes">Border disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_relations_with_Northeast_India" title="Asian relations with Northeast India">Relationship with Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Games" title="North East Games">North East Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="States_and_union_territories_of_India446" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="Template:States and union territories of India"><abbr title="View this 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title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">Union territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu">Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puducherry_(union_territory)" title="Puducherry (union territory)">Puducherry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capitals in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Autonomous administrative divisions of India">Autonomous administrative divisions of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_states_and_union_territories_of_India" title="Proposed states and union territories of India">Proposed states and union territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Historical_Indian_regions" title="Category:Historical Indian regions">Historical Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidencies_of_British_India" title="Category:Presidencies of British India">British Provinces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1505#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/158271662">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1208208/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4054962-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80038365">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11941658w">France</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152140111">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11941658w">BnF data</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152140111">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Sikkim (Indie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge1048924&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4856530">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90856178">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000072460&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007564224205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/769e13af-3580-4cf6-9a84-94105bdb0910">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027356906">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10036740">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sikkim&oldid=1276556529">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sikkim&oldid=1276556529</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikkim" title="Category:Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Northeast_India" title="Category:Northeast India">Northeast India</a></li><li><a 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[\"CITEREFDatta2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDesk2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDharGupta1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuff,_Sikkim:_Requiem_for_a_Himalayan_Kingdom2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuttBaleshwar_Thakur2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans1932\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFForbesHenley2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGray,_T.Borah,_J.Coudrat,_C.N.Z.Ghimirey,_Y.2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGupta1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGurung2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaribal2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHooker1854\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHooker1855\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJha1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKandell1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKapadia2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLama1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevi1959\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMadge1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMathew\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMishra2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNagarajan2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNirmalananda_Sengupta1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Neill2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Neill2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Neill2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPardesi2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatil2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlaisier2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPowersTempleman2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRahul1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRavidas2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRayDas2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRose,_Modernizing_a_Traditional_Administrative_System1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRose1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSailesh2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSanjay2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSethi1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShangderpa2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharma2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShrestha1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShrivastava2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSikkim_Research_Institute_of_Tibetology1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSinha\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSir_Clements_Robert_Markham1876\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSkoda2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFT.1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWaddell1905\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFdu_Plessix_Gray1981\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 11,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 38,\n [\"Cite iucn\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 11,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 22,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 62,\n [\"Color\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 17,\n [\"Flag\"] = 3,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"Geographic location\"] = 1,\n [\"Historical populations\"] = 1,\n [\"Hlist\"] = 2,\n [\"INR\"] = 1,\n [\"INRConvert\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"Increase\"] = 4,\n [\"IncreaseNeutral\"] = 1,\n [\"Indian Rupee\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox Indian state or territory\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 5,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 2,\n [\"North East India\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Osmrelation-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Other uses\"] = 1,\n [\"Photomontage\"] = 1,\n [\"Pie chart\"] = 2,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"Routelist bottom\"] = 1,\n [\"Routelist row\"] = 7,\n [\"Routelist top\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 4,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 20,\n [\"Sfnref\"] = 2,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sikkim\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"States and territories of India\"] = 1,\n [\"USD\"] = 1,\n [\"Update section\"] = 1,\n [\"Use Indian English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Usurped\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 15,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","320","18.0"],["?","280","15.7"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","160","9.0"],["dataWrapper 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type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Sikkim","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sikkim","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1505","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1505","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-10-26T11:28:14Z","dateModified":"2025-02-19T15:03:14Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f9\/Buddha_statue_at_Buddha_Park_of_Ravangla%2C_Sikkim%2C_India_%281%29.jpg","headline":"state in northeastern India"}</script> </body> </html>