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class="byline"><address>MATTHEW MPOKE BIGG</address><time pudate="2023-07-12 10:22:08" datetime="2023-07-12 10:22:08">2023年7月12日</time></div><div class="share-btn"><i class="icon-forward"></i></div></div></div></div><figure class="article-span-photo"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2022/03/06/world/06ukraine-blog-NATO/merlin_203346444_55ce6731-c770-4e70-b6c4-5ebfe45b1ac5-master1050.jpg" width="1050" height="700" alt="羅馬尼亞黑海沿岸供北約使用的軍事基地。北約領導人在今年6月的馬德里峰會上達成新的戰略共識，認為俄羅斯是其主要對手。"><figcaption><span>羅馬尼亞黑海沿岸供北約使用的軍事基地。北約領導人在今年6月的馬德里峰會上達成新的戰略共識，認為俄羅斯是其主要對手。</span> <cite>Bogdan Cristel/EPA, via Shutterstock</cite></figcaption></figure><div class="row"><section class="article-body"><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">Leaders of NATO countries are meeting in Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, starting on Tuesday for an annual summit that is set to be dominated by the response to the war in Ukraine.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">北約國家領導人週二開始在立陶宛首都維爾紐斯舉行年度峰會，對俄烏戰爭的應對將主導會議議程。</div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">Europe’s largest war since NATO was formed 74 years ago has revived the grouping, returning it to its Cold War roots as a war-fighting alliance. It has also raised vexing questions about military aid to the government in Kyiv and the membership bids of Sweden and Ukraine itself.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">這場自北約74年前成立以來歐洲規模最大的戰爭已重新激活了這個組織，使其回到作戰同盟這一冷戰起源時期的角色。俄烏戰爭還引發了向烏克蘭政府提供軍事援助，以及瑞典和烏克蘭申請加入北約等棘手問題。</div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">One of those questions was answered Monday night, when NATO’s secretary general, Jens Stoltenberg, said that Turkey, which had been blocking Sweden’s admittance into the alliance, would no longer stand in Sweden’s way.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">其中一個問題已在週一晚得到了解決。北約秘書長斯托爾滕貝格表示，一直不同意瑞典加入北約的土耳其將不再阻止瑞典入盟。</div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">“This is good for all of us,” Mr. Stoltenberg said. “This is good for Sweden — Sweden will become a full member — and it’s good for Turkey because Turkey is a NATO ally that will benefit from a stronger NATO.”</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">「這對我們所有的成員國都有利，」斯托爾滕貝格說。「這對瑞典有利，因為瑞典將成為正式成員國；這對土耳其有利，因為土耳其是北約盟國，將受益於一個更強大的北約。」</div></div></div></div></div><div class="big_ad" id="medium-rectangle-ad-0" data-target="{"pos":"mid1","adv":""}"><small>廣告</small></div><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">But the other questions are expected to loom over the two-day summit, which President Biden and other leaders are expected to attend. It will be the first summit to include Finland, which became NATO’s <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/04/world/europe/finland-nato-russia-ukraine.html">31st member state</a> this year, having abandoned a longstanding <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/08/world/europe/ukraine-russia-finlandization.html">policy of neutrality</a> toward Moscow. Finland’s accession was a dramatic sign of how the war has galvanized NATO, to the disadvantage of President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia, who has cited the alliance’s eastward spread as one of the reasons for invading Ukraine.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">不過，預計其他問題將成為此次為期兩天的峰會的重頭戲。美國總統拜登和其他國家的領導人將出席此次峰會。這將是芬蘭首次與會。它已放棄了對俄羅斯長期奉行的<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/08/world/europe/ukraine-russia-finlandization.html">中立政策</a>，於今年加入北約，成為該組織的<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/04/world/europe/finland-nato-russia-ukraine.html">第31個成員國</a>。芬蘭的加入是一個引人注目的徵兆，表明俄烏戰爭如何刺激到北約，這對俄羅斯總統普丁來說是個不利因素，他曾把北約東擴作為入侵烏克蘭的理由之一。</div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">Here’s a quick guide to the alliance and how its role has shifted in the face of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine:</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">下面簡短介紹一下該同盟，以及在俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭後，它的角色發生了怎樣的變化：</div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph"><b>What is NATO?</b></div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph"><b>北約是什麼組織？</b></div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">The mutual-defense alliance was established in 1949, after World War II, by the United States, Canada and 10 European countries.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">北約是第二次世界大戰後，美國、加拿大和十個歐洲國家於1949年成立的集體防禦同盟。</div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">The treaty for which the alliance is named <a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_17120.htm">has 14 articles</a> by which all NATO members must abide. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/05/world/europe/russia-ukraine-invasion-sanctions.html">The most prominent is Article 5</a>, which declares that an attack against one member state is an attack against them all.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">同盟以其依據的<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_17120.htm">14條公約</a>命名，所有北約成員國都必須遵守該公約。其中<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.163.com/dy/article/HM949SG80537AG3Q.html">最著名的是第五條</a>，它宣布，對一個成員國的攻擊就是對所有成員國的攻擊。</div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">That article placed Western Europe under U.S. protection in the face of a Soviet Union that was cementing its domination over Central and Eastern Europe and appeared then only to be growing in power and ambition.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">北約成立時，蘇聯正在鞏固其在中歐和東歐的主導地位，而且它的實力和野心當時看起來似乎只會呈增勢。面對這種情況，第五條公約將西歐置於美國保護之下。</div></div></div></div></div><div class="big_ad" id="medium-rectangle-ad-1" data-target="{"pos":"mid2","adv":""}"><small>廣告</small></div><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">After the Soviet Union’s collapse in the early 1990s, the alliance took on a wider role. NATO forces — made up of troops volunteered by member states — <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/11/07/world/a-longer-nato-stay-in-bosnia-uncertain.html">operated as peacekeepers in Bosnia</a> in the 1990s and <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/25/world/conflict-balkans-overview-nato-opens-broad-barrage-against-serbs-clinton.html">bombed Serbia</a> in 1999 to protect Kosovo, where the alliance still has troops.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">蘇聯在20世紀90年代初解體後，北約開始具有更廣泛的作用。北約部隊由成員國自願派兵組成，曾於20世紀90年代<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/11/07/world/a-longer-nato-stay-in-bosnia-uncertain.html">在波士尼亞執行維和任務</a>，1999年為保護科索沃曾<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/25/world/conflict-balkans-overview-nato-opens-broad-barrage-against-serbs-clinton.html">轟炸了塞爾維亞</a>，北約目前仍在科索沃駐有部隊。</div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">The alliance is also known by its French acronym, OTAN.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">北約的英語縮寫是NATO，法語縮寫是OTAN。</div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph"><b>Which countries are members?</b></div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph"><b>北約有哪些成員國？</b></div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">In addition to the United States and Canada, the countries that became part of NATO in 1949 were Belgium, Britain, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway and Portugal.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">除美國和加拿大外，1949年加入北約的國家還有比利時、英國、丹麥、法國、冰島、義大利、盧森堡、荷蘭、挪威，以及葡萄牙。</div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">Since then, 19 more European states have joined: Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Poland, Turkey, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">後來又有19個歐洲國家加入了北約：阿爾巴尼亞、保加利亞、克羅埃西亞、捷克共和國、愛沙尼亞、芬蘭、德國、希臘、匈牙利、拉脫維亞、立陶宛、黑山、北馬其頓、波蘭、土耳其、羅馬尼亞、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亞，以及西班牙。</div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">Finland’s membership adds one of Western Europe’s most potent militaries to the alliance. At the same time, NATO’s commitment to collective defense will now extend to a country that shares an 830-mile border with Russia.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">芬蘭的加入為北約增添了西歐最強有力的軍隊之一。與此同時，北約對集體防禦的承諾現在已延伸到一個與俄羅斯有著長達1340公里邊界的國家。</div></div></div></div></div><div class="big_ad" id="medium-rectangle-ad-2" data-target="{"pos":"mid3","adv":""}"><small>廣告</small></div><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">Mr. Stoltenberg, who made the announcement about Sweden from Vilnius, said that President Recep Tayyip Erdogan had lifted his objections to Sweden’s entry and would take the country’s bid to his Parliament for ratification as soon as possible.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">斯托爾滕貝格在維爾紐斯宣布了瑞典加入北約的消息。他說，土耳其總統埃爾多安已撤銷了對瑞典加入的反對，並將儘快把瑞典的申請提交給土耳其國會進行批准。</div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph"><b>Who is NATO’s leader?</b></div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph"><b>誰是北約領導人？</b></div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">Mr. Stoltenberg, a former Norwegian prime minister who has held that post since 2014, had been expected to step down in September. But last week he announced that he had agreed to <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/04/world/europe/nato-chief-extends-term.html">extend his mandate</a> until October 2024.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">挪威前首相的斯托爾滕貝格自2014年起一直擔任北約秘書長，人們曾預計他將於今年9月卸任。但上週他宣布同意<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/04/world/europe/nato-chief-extends-term.html">將任期延長</a>至2024年10月。</div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">His reappointment takes the contentious issue of who would succeed him off the table at the summit, after weeks during which the names of several possible contenders were floated.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">斯托爾滕貝格任期的延長使接替人選這個有爭議的問題不必在峰會上討論，幾個可能的人選已在此前的幾週裡出現。</div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">These included Prime Minister Kaja Kallas of Estonia, Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen of Denmark, Defense Secretary Ben Wallace of Britain and Ursula von der Leyen, president of the European Commission.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">其中包括愛沙尼亞總理卡婭·卡拉斯、丹麥首相梅特·弗雷德里克森、英國國防大臣本·華萊士，以及歐盟委員會主席烏爾蘇拉·馮德萊恩。</div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph"><b>How has the war in Ukraine changed NATO?</b></div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph"><b>俄烏戰爭讓北約發生了怎樣的變化？</b></div></div></div></div></div><div class="big_ad" id="medium-rectangle-ad-3" data-target="{"pos":"mid4","adv":""}"><small>廣告</small></div><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">In 2019, President Emmanuel Macron of France described NATO as brain-dead and questioned the U.S. commitment to the alliance. But since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, NATO finds itself newly relevant.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph"><b></b>法國總統馬克宏曾在2019年稱北約已經腦死亡，並表示懷疑美國對該同盟的承諾。但自從2022年2月俄羅斯大舉入侵烏克蘭以來，北約發現自己重新具有意義。</div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">Although the alliance does not directly provide military aid to Ukraine, NATO countries have sent tens of billions of dollars worth of equipment, led by the United States, the biggest overall donor. All NATO member states discuss military aid to Ukraine at monthly meetings in Ramstein, Germany. The alliance has also <a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_192648.htm">helped to coordinate</a> Ukraine’s requests for humanitarian aid.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">儘管北約沒有直接向烏克蘭提供軍事援助，但北約成員國已向烏克蘭提供了價值數百億美元的裝備，從總量上看，美國是最大的捐助國。北約的所有成員國每月在德國拉姆施泰因開會討論向烏克蘭提供軍事援助的問題。北約還<a rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_192648.htm">幫助協調</a>烏克蘭的人道主義援助要求。</div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">One debate is whether NATO countries should supply F-16 fighter jets, which Ukraine says would enhance its long-term <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/21/world/europe/ukraine-f16-air-force.html">air defense capability</a>. A senior NATO commander said this month that <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/07/04/world/russia-ukraine-news/ukraine-will-not-receive-f-16s-for-its-counteroffensive-a-senior-nato-leader-says">delivery of the jets</a>, while on the table, was unlikely to come in time for Ukraine’s current counteroffensive.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">他們爭論是一個問題是，北約成員國是否應該向烏克蘭提供F-16戰鬥機，烏克蘭稱那將長遠有效地增強其<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/21/world/europe/ukraine-f16-air-force.html">防空能力</a>。一名北約高級指揮官本月說，雖然有<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/07/04/world/russia-ukraine-news/ukraine-will-not-receive-f-16s-for-its-counteroffensive-a-senior-nato-leader-says">提供這種戰鬥機</a>的計劃，但不太可能趕上烏克蘭目前的反攻時機。</div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">The war has also given new centrality to countries along NATO’s eastern border, particularly the Baltic States and Poland, a country that has acquired significant new clout within the alliance. President Andrzej Duda of Poland was among the first foreign leaders to visit Kyiv after the invasion began and has been one of its most hawkish backers. Poland’s government also strongly supports Ukraine’s bid for NATO membership.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">俄烏戰爭還賦予了地處北約東部的成員國新的核心地位，尤其是波羅的海國家和波蘭，後者已在北約內部獲得了重要的新影響力。波蘭總統安傑伊·杜達是在俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭後最早訪問基輔的外國領導人之一，也是烏克蘭最強硬的支持者之一。波蘭政府還大力支持烏克蘭加入北約。</div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph"><b>Why did Turkey oppose Sweden joining NATO?</b></div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph"><b>土耳其為什麼反對瑞典加入北約？</b></div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">Along with Finland, Sweden applied to join the alliance in May 2022, breaking its own policy of neutrality toward Russia. But Mr. Erdogan of Turkey, a NATO member, had blocked its bid, saying Sweden has harbored Kurdish exiles and refugees affiliated with the Kurdistan Workers’ Party, which Turkey considers a terrorist group.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">瑞典打破了對俄羅斯奉行的中立政策，和芬蘭一起在2022年5月向北約提交了入盟申請。但北約成員國土耳其的總統埃爾多安一直不同意讓瑞典入盟，稱瑞典庇護與庫爾德工人黨有關聯的庫爾德流亡者和難民，土耳其將庫爾德工人黨視為恐怖組織。</div></div></div></div></div><div class="big_ad" id="medium-rectangle-ad-4" data-target="{"pos":"mid5","adv":""}"><small>廣告</small></div><div class="article-partial"><div class="article-body-item col-lg-5"><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">President Biden said last week that he was “anxiously looking forward” to Sweden’s acceptance into NATO, though its chances looked slim at the time. Earlier Monday, Mr. Erdogan said that the European Union should open the way for <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/10/world/europe/erdogan-turkey-sweden-nato.html">Turkey to join the bloc</a> before Turkey would allow Sweden to join NATO.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">拜登總統上週曾說，他「焦急地期待著」瑞典加入北約，儘管這種可能性當時看起來很小。週一早些時候，埃爾多安說，歐盟應該先為<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/10/world/europe/erdogan-turkey-sweden-nato.html">土耳其加入歐盟</a>敞開大門，然后土耳其會同意讓瑞典加入北約。</div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">As part of the deal for Sweden’s admittance, Sweden will help reinvigorate Turkey’s application to enter the European Union, the two countries will work together against terrorism, and NATO will establish a new “special coordinator for counterterrorism,” Mr. Stoltenberg said.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">斯托爾滕貝格說，作為瑞典加入北約協議的一部分，瑞典將幫助重啟土耳其加入歐盟的申請，兩國將共同打擊恐怖主義，北約將新設立一名「反恐特別協調員」。</div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">Every other NATO member had supported Sweden’s bid, except Hungary, which had said it was waiting for Turkey to give its assent.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">除了匈牙利，北約的其他成員國都支持瑞典的申請。匈牙利表示正在等待土耳其同意。</div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph"><b>Where does Ukraine’s membership stand?</b></div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph"><b>烏克蘭加入北約的可能性如何？</b></div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">Joining NATO has for years been a central goal of Ukraine’s foreign policy, part of its plan to secure its future within the European Union and the West. As far back as 2008, NATO said Ukraine would eventually become a member. Russia’s invasion raised the stakes, and the government in Kyiv <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/30/world/europe/ukraine-nato-zelensky.html">applied to join NATO</a> last September.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">多年來，加入北約一直是烏克蘭外交政策的核心目標，也是烏克蘭爭取加入歐盟、進入西方國家行列的未來計劃的一部分。早在2008年，北約就表示烏克蘭最終會成為成員國。俄羅斯的入侵增加了利害關係，烏克蘭政府已在去年9月<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/30/world/europe/ukraine-nato-zelensky.html" title="Link: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/30/world/europe/ukraine-nato-zelensky.html">申請加入北約</a>。</div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">While countries including Poland and others in Eastern Europe favor giving Ukraine a road map toward membership, the United States, Germany and France, reluctant to take a step that could risk widening the war with Russia, have resisted.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">儘管波蘭和其他東歐國家贊成為烏克蘭提供入盟路線圖，但美國、德國和法國一直阻擋烏克蘭加入，因為它們不想邁出可能導致與俄羅斯的戰爭擴大化的一步。</div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">They say the priority should be to aid Ukraine militarily and leave the issue of membership until a later date. President Biden said in a CNN interview that aired on Sunday that Ukraine was <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/09/us/politics/biden-ukraine-nato.html" title="Link: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/09/us/politics/biden-ukraine-nato.html">not ready for membership</a> and that it was “premature” to begin the joining process during the war.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">他們說，當前的首要任務應該是向烏克蘭提供軍事援助，把烏克蘭加入北約的問題留到以後解決。拜登總統在CNN週日播出的採訪中說，烏克蘭尚<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/09/us/politics/biden-ukraine-nato.html">未做好加入北約的準備</a>，在戰爭仍在進行時開啟申請程序「為時過早」。</div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph"><b>What about other European countries?</b></div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph"><b>歐洲其他國家呢？</b></div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">Other countries in Europe, including Ireland and Austria, have chosen not to join NATO, often because of a policy of neutrality.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">包括愛爾蘭和奧地利在內的歐洲其他國家已選擇不加入北約，通常是因為他們奉行中立政策。</div></div></div><div class="row article-dual-body-item"><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">Belarus, another country on Russia’s border, is not a member of NATO. President Alexander G. Lukashenko of Belarus is a close ally of Mr. Putin’s and allowed his country to be used as a staging ground for the invasion of Ukraine.</div></div><div class="col-lg-6"><div class="article-paragraph">另一個與俄羅斯接壤的國家白俄羅斯也不是北約成員國。白俄羅斯總統亞歷山大·盧卡申科是普丁的親密盟友，他曾允許俄羅斯把白俄羅斯用作入侵烏克蘭的集結地。</div></div></div></div><div class="article-body-aside col-lg-3"></div></div></section></div><div class="col-lg-12 row author-info-container"><footer class="author-info"><p>Ben Hubbard、Lara Jakes和Steven Erlanger對本文有報導貢獻。</p><p><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/by/matthew-mpoke-bigg">Matthew Mpoke Bigg</a><span>是時報報導國際新聞的記者。此前，他曾擔任路透社記者、編輯和分社社長，並在奈洛比、阿比讓、亞特蘭大、雅加達和阿克拉等地進行報導。歡迎<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/by/matthew-mpoke-bigg">點此</a>了解更多信息。</span></p><p>翻譯：Cindy Hao</p><p><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/article/what-is-nato.html">點擊查看本文英文版。</a></p></footer></div></article><div class="container article-footer"><div 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