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margin: 0 0 0.5em 0.5em; text-align:left; border: 1px solid #484329; width:175px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center; color:White; background-color:#484329"><b>Preach to the choir</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion"><font size="4" color="White"><b>Religion</b></font></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#c9c69d;" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion" title="Category:Religion"><img alt="Icon religion.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/b/b7/Icon_religion.svg/100px-Icon_religion.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/w/images/thumb/b/b7/Icon_religion.svg/150px-Icon_religion.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/b/b7/Icon_religion.svg/200px-Icon_religion.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#484329; text-align:center;"><b>Crux of the matter</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#c9c69d;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#484329; text-align:center;"><b>Speak of the devil</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#c9c69d;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">Satanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antitheism" title="Antitheism">Antitheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">Agnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deism" title="Deism">Deism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism" class="mw-redirect" title="Secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">Paganism</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#484329; text-align:center;"><b>An act of faith</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#c9c69d;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Excommunication" title="Excommunication">Excommunication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_sacraments" title="Catholic sacraments">Catholic sacraments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle" title="Miracle">Miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconoclasm" title="Iconoclasm">Iconoclasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast-food_Christianity" title="Fast-food Christianity">Fast-food Christianity</a></li></ul> <div class="vte plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religion" title="Template:Religion">v</a> - <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religion" title="Template talk:Religion">t</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Religion&action=edit">e</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Black Hebrew Israelism</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Afrocentric" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrocentric">Afrocentric</a> religious belief most popular in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">USA</a>, which claims that <a href="/wiki/African_American" title="African American"> black people</a> are the descendants of the ancient Israelites of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>. They are not to be confused with the various indigenous <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a> sects of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, such as the Beta Israel of <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> or Sephardim of North Africa. Those groups go back centuries whereas "black Hebrews" are a recent American invention. </p><p>This belief is essentially a mirror image of <a href="/wiki/British_Israelism" title="British Israelism">British Israelism</a>, and just as stupid in that regard. The more extreme adherents of Black Hebrew Israelism venture into <a href="/wiki/Black_supremacy" title="Black supremacy">black supremacy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">misogyny</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Semitism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Semitism">anti-Semitism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> essentially acting as a black version of the white <a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a> movement. While the anti-Semitism, which includes claims that whites and <a href="/wiki/Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews">Jews</a> are the spawn of the <a href="/wiki/Devil" class="mw-redirect" title="Devil">Devil</a>, and that white people will be slaves in the Kingdom of Heaven, may seem particularly odd, it parallels the Christian Identity claims about current Jews <a href="/wiki/No_True_Scotsman" title="No True Scotsman">not being real Jews</a> with one <a href="/wiki/Bullshit" title="Bullshit">"explanation"</a> invoking the <a href="/wiki/Khazar_myth" title="Khazar myth">Khazar myth</a>. </p><p>In the late 19<sup>th</sup> and early 20<sup>th</sup> centuries, dozens of Black Hebrew Israelite organizations were established, mostly in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City">New York City</a>, which continues to host the largest concentration of them, though there are congregations scattered across <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> While a lot of groups have beliefs similar to followers of <a href="/wiki/Messianic_Judaism" title="Messianic Judaism">Messianic Judaism</a> (which is considered a branch of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, not Judaism), such as <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>'s status as God, Son of God and <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a>, a few practice non-racist beliefs in line with mainstream Judaism. </p><p>Like many practitioners of <a href="/wiki/Woo" title="Woo">woo</a> in the 21<sup>st</sup> century, the more extreme side of the Black Hebrew Israelites have embraced promoting their conspiracy theories online. Thus, the sect has attracted media attention (often focused on the virulent anti-Semitism) when a high-profile conspiracy-minded celebrity discovers Black Hebrew Israelite woo and starts promoting it. One example of this is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA" class="extiw" title="wp:NBA" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: NBA">NBA</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> basketball star <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrie_Irving" class="extiw" title="wp:Kyrie Irving" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Kyrie Irving">Kyrie Irving</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup>. In October 2022, Irving discovered and tweeted out a link to a low-budget, homemade, Black Hebrew Israelite oriented film online called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrews_to_Negroes:_Wake_Up_Black_America" class="extiw" title="wp:Hebrews to Negroes: Wake Up Black America" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Hebrews to Negroes: Wake Up Black America">Hebrews to Negroes: Wake Up Black America</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup>. This film contained extensive antisemitic tropes, including <a href="/wiki/International_Jewish_conspiracy" title="International Jewish conspiracy">international Jewish conspiracy</a> theory nonsense, <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a>, and quotes from the <a href="/wiki/Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion" class="mw-redirect" title="Protocols of the Elders of Zion">Protocols of the Elders of Zion</a>. When confronted with the film's ugly untruths, Irving refused to apologize. This resulted in a suspension from his NBA team and a termination of his contract with athletic shoe manufacturer <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike,_Inc." class="extiw" title="wp:Nike, Inc." rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Nike, Inc.">Nike</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> Also around the same time, <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a> started spouting large amounts of anti-Semitic banter, some of which seemed inspired by Black Hebrew Israelites woo. West's antisemitic rhetoric actually continued escalating in subsequent months. This also resulted in considerable fallout with West's business partners.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#In_the_State_of_Israel"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">In the State of Israel</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Debunking"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Debunking</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Militancy"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Militancy</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="In_the_State_of_Israel">In the State of Israel</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Hebrew_Israelites&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: In the State of Israel">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>One of these minority groups, the African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem, moved to <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, and today their descendants number around 2,500 there. They are mostly near Dimona and Arad in the south of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> </p><p>Their presence in Israel is controversial. The Israeli government was, at first, extremely annoyed by their presence and made many attempts to deport them. In 1990, the Israeli government gave them legal status, in 2003 they were granted permanent residency status, and since then they have grown more settled. </p><p>Today they are famous in Israel for their gospel choir, and they own several soul food restaurants in many Israeli cities. Some African Hebrew Israelites have been granted citizenship and serve in the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defence_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel Defence Force">IDF</a>, and one was even chosen to represent Israel in the <a href="/wiki/Fun:Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Fun:Eurovision Song Contest">Eurovision Song Contest</a> in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> Their community is something of a tourist attraction now,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[note 1]</a></sup> and are famous for their arts and crafts. </p><p>In 2021, deportations of 46 families began again, although it is not entirely clear who was to remain and who was to go.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a></sup> There has been much debate in mainstream <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionist</a> circles as to whether they constitute a Jewish migration to Israel or not. Some have entered more mainstream forms of Judaism since. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Debunking">Debunking</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Hebrew_Israelites&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Debunking">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>A pro-African blog responded to and refuted the statements by the Black Hebrew Israelites.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a></sup> A Christian website also refuted the claims made, relying largely on pointing out how the statements of the <a href="/wiki/Racist" class="mw-redirect" title="Racist">racist</a> group do not make Biblical sense.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Militancy">Militancy</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Hebrew_Israelites&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Militancy">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span>They're the black counterparts of us.</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:4px 10px 8px;font-size:smaller;line-height:1.6em;text-align:right;"><cite style="font-style:normal;position:relative;z-index:2">—<a href="/wiki/Tom_Metzger" title="Tom Metzger">Tom Metzger</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> Grand Wizard<sup id="cite_ref-splc_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-splc-15">[14]</a></sup></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>While claims that Black Hebrew Israelites are the <a href="/wiki/Equivocation" title="Equivocation">equivalency</a> of white supremacist groups like the KKK are dubious when one takes into account the fact that the Black Hebrew Israelites are a fringe tendency of a <a href="/wiki/Afrocentrism" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrocentrism">fringe tendency</a> within the historically and currently oppressed minority community of Afro-Americans, and the KKK are a much less fringe tendency of the dominant white community,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[note 2]</a></sup> there has been an increase in militant activity<sup id="cite_ref-splc_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-splc-15">[14]</a></sup> among these groups over recent years, often targeting Jewish communities. </p><p>To quote the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a>: </p> <blockquote class="letter" style="width:auto; background:#f8f8ff; border:1px solid #C9C9CF;"> <p>Although most Hebrew Israelites are neither explicitly racist nor anti-Semitic and do not advocate violence, there is a rising extremist sector within the Hebrew Israelite movement whose adherents believe that Jews are devilish impostors and who openly condemn whites as evil personified, deserving only death or slavery.<sup id="cite_ref-splc_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-splc-15">[14]</a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>December 2019 alone saw two incidents of domestic <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a> linked to this movement. December 10<sup>th</sup> saw a shootout between two armed Black Hebrew Israelites and <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement" title="Law enforcement">law enforcement</a> after the two men went to a <a href="/wiki/Kosher" title="Kosher">kosher</a> supermarket and shot three Jewish people there.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a></sup> The second incident, on December 28<sup>th</sup>, saw a Black Hebrew Israelite armed with a machete invade the home of a Hasidic rabbi during Hanukkah celebrations and stab several of the people there. One of those attacked, the aforementioned rabbi, died of his injuries a month later.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a></sup> </p><p>As we have seen, while the vast majority of the Black Hebrew Israelites are peaceful, a growing extremist element is forming among the movement and these extremists often cloud the peaceful members by <a href="/wiki/Guilt_by_association" class="mw-redirect" title="Guilt by association">association</a>. Capers Funnye, the rabbi of the 200 member <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beth_Shalom_B%27nai_Zaken_Ethiopian_Hebrew_Congregation" class="extiw" title="wp:Beth Shalom B'nai Zaken Ethiopian Hebrew Congregation" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Beth Shalom B'nai Zaken Ethiopian Hebrew Congregation">Beth Shalom B'nai Zaken Ethiopian Hebrew Congregation</span></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a></sup><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> who has also been interviewed by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum about antisemitism,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a></sup> has condemned these attacks, while also making pains to distance his congregation, and congregations like his, from the militant extremist fringe: </p> <blockquote class="letter" style="width:auto; background:#f8f8ff; border:1px solid #C9C9CF;"> <p>There are African, African-American and Jews of color who may use the term Hebrew or Israelite, we are not a fringe separatist group. [...] we don’t want to be seen as some radical fringe group with a false narrative because we are black and profess Judaism; we are Torah-oriented Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>Black Hebrew Israelites have also been implicated in the assassination of <a href="/wiki/MLK" class="mw-redirect" title="MLK">MLK</a>'s mother back in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a></sup> </p><p>Another example of an extremist Black Hebrew Israelite was Yahweh Bin Yahweh. Back in the early 1990s, members of his "<a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Yahweh" title="Nation of Yahweh">Nation of Yahweh</a>" sect were charged and convicted of <a href="/wiki/Murder" class="mw-redirect" title="Murder">murder</a> as he used the killing of white people as one of his <a href="/wiki/Cult" title="Cult">cult</a>'s initiation rites. Yahweh served eight years on a conspiracy to murder charge. Yahweh died in 2007, reportedly of <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Hebrew_Israelites&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a>, while not a "Black Hebrew Israelite" organization <i>per se</i>, does share a few beliefs, such as anti-Semitism and white people being the children of the devil</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Rastafarianism">Rastafarianism</a>, another Afrocentric religion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Lost_Tribes" title="Ten Lost Tribes">Ten Lost Tribes</a>, a key part of the "Black Hebrew Israelite" movement</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Hebrew_Israelites&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://africanhebrewisraelitesofjerusalem.com">African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Hebrew_Israelites&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="font-size:90%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Although it would be strange if the Israeli government wanted a whole load of tourists near their main nuclear weapons facility in Dimona.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Where the ideological underpinning of antisemitism was developed in the first place. It is probably not a coincidence that as <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a> further integrates into white power structures he begins taking on more and more extreme rhetoric in line with these power structures, e.g., his "White Lives Matter" t-shirt fiasco<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a></sup> and claiming that "<a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a> was a choice"<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a></sup> among other examples.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Hebrew_Israelites&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; font-size:90%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/group/radical-hebrew-israelites">Radical Hebrew Israelites</a> <i>Southern Poverty Law Center</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2708880">/* Errors processing stylesheet [[:Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css]] (rev 2708880): • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽background⧼/code⧽ at line 44 character 14. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽background⧼/code⧽ at line 50 character 14. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽background⧼/code⧽ at line 55 character 14. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽background⧼/code⧽ at line 64 character 14. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽color⧼/code⧽ at line 96 character 9. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽color⧼/code⧽ at line 100 character 9. • Invalid media query at line 138 character 8. */ .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChireau2000" class="citation book cs1">Chireau, Yvonne (2000). "Black Culture and Black Zion: African American Religious Encounters with Judaism, 1790–1930, an Overview". In Yvonne Patricia Chireau, Nathaniel Deutsch, eds. (ed.). <i>Black Zion: African American Religious Encounters with Judaism</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-511257-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-511257-1"><bdi>0-19-511257-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Black+Culture+and+Black+Zion%3A+African+American+Religious+Encounters+with+Judaism%2C+1790%E2%80%931930%2C+an+Overview&rft.btitle=Black+Zion%3A+African+American+Religious+Encounters+with+Judaism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-19-511257-1&rft.aulast=Chireau&rft.aufirst=Yvonne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Frationalwiki.org%3ABlack+Hebrew+Israelites" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|editor=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_editors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adl.org/resources/blog/hebrews-negroes-what-you-need-know">"Hebrews to Negroes: What You Need to Know"</a>, ADL, 2022 November 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/article/kyrie-irving-antisemitic.html">"What to Know About Irving’s Antisemitic Movie Post and the Fallout"</a> By Tania Ganguli and Sopan Deb, New York Times, 2022 November 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2022/12/05/1140830753/kyrie-irving-nike-contract-terminated">"Kyrie Irving's partnership with Nike is officially terminated"</a> by Matt Adams, NPR, 2022 December 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/20/opinion/kyrie-irving-kanye-west-antisemitism.html">"Blacks and Jews, Again"</a> by Michael Eric Dyson, New York Times, 2022 November 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2022/12/02/1140218872/ye-antisemitism-alex-jones-podcast">"Ye says 'I see good things about Hitler' on conspiracy theorist Alex Jones' show"</a> by Andrew Limbong, NPR, 2022 December 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theweek.com/kanye-west/1017995/a-complete-timeline-of-kanye-wests-antisemitism-fallout">"A complete timeline of Kanye West's antisemitism fallout"</a> by Brendan Morrow, The Week, 2022 December 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/black-hebrews">Minority Communities in Israel: Black Hebrews</a> <i>Jewish Virtual Library</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2708880"/><cite id="CITEREFPalti2003" class="citation news cs1">Palti, Michal (May 29, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culteducation.com/reference/black_hebrews/black_hebrews6.html">"Whitney does Dimona"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-11-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Whitney+does+Dimona&rft.date=2003-05-29&rft.aulast=Palti&rft.aufirst=Michal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culteducation.com%2Freference%2Fblack_hebrews%2Fblack_hebrews6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Frationalwiki.org%3ABlack+Hebrew+Israelites" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/african-hebrews-say-dozens-set-to-be-deported-from-israel/">African Hebrews say dozens set to be deported from Israel</a> by Ilan Ben Zion (27 April 2021, 12:12 am) <i>The Times of Israel</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150430153353/http://restoringafricanmind.blogspot.com/2014/08/the-hebrew-israelites-debunked.html">The Hebrew Israelites Debunked</a> by Dwayne Wong (Omowale) <i>Restoring the African Mind</i> (Personal blog)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2708880"/><cite id="CITEREFPastor_G._Reckart" class="citation web cs1">Pastor G. Reckart. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jesus-messiah.com/html/black-israelites.html">"A critique of the racist claims of the Black Hebrew Israelites and other Black racists"</a>. Tampa, Florida.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+critique+of+the+racist+claims+of+the+Black+Hebrew+Israelites+and+other+Black+racists&rft.place=Tampa%2C+Florida&rft.au=Pastor+G.+Reckart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjesus-messiah.com%2Fhtml%2Fblack-israelites.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Frationalwiki.org%3ABlack+Hebrew+Israelites" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-splc-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-splc_15-0">14.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-splc_15-1">14.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-splc_15-2">14.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2008/racist-black-hebrew-israelites-becoming-more-militant">Racist Black Hebrew Israelites Becoming More Militant</a> (August 29, 2008) <i>Southern Poverty Law Center</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/commentisfree/2022/oct/07/kanye-west-white-lives-matter-tucker-carlson">https://www.theguardian.com/music/commentisfree/2022/oct/07/kanye-west-white-lives-matter-tucker-carlson</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/may/01/kanye-west-on-slavery-for-400-years-that-sounds-like-a-choice">https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/may/01/kanye-west-on-slavery-for-400-years-that-sounds-like-a-choice</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2019/12/15/probe-jersey-city-shooting-leads-fbi-arrest-pawn-shop-owner-weapons-charges/">https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2019/12/15/probe-jersey-city-shooting-leads-fbi-arrest-pawn-shop-owner-weapons-charges/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> article on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsey_Hanukkah_stabbing" class="extiw" title="wp:Monsey Hanukkah stabbing" rel="nofollow">Monsey Hanukkah stabbing</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/05/magazine/05rabbi-t.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/05/magazine/05rabbi-t.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ushmm.org/antisemitism/podcast/voices-on-antisemitism/capers-funnye-jr">https://www.ushmm.org/antisemitism/podcast/voices-on-antisemitism/capers-funnye-jr</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/black-hebrew-israelite-leader-condemns-heinous-jersey-city-shooting/">https://www.timesofisrael.com/black-hebrew-israelite-leader-condemns-heinous-jersey-city-shooting/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-features/georgia-senate-raphael-warnock-kelly-loeffler-1108725/">"The Pastor, the Pandemic, and the Political Race of a Lifetime"</a> by Tessa Stuart, Rolling Stone, 2020 December 31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.is/cA31H">https://archive.is/cA31H</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div></div><div class="printfooter">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Black_Hebrew_Israelites&oldid=2689087">https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Black_Hebrew_Israelites&oldid=2689087</a>"</div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion" title="Category:Religion">Religion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_religions" title="Category:American religions">American religions</a></li><li><a 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