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constructions</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: melodious constructions"> <meta name="keywords" content="melodious constructions"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="melodious constructions"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 298</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: melodious constructions</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">298</span> Interlingual Melodious Constructions: Romanian Translation of References to Songs in James Joyce’s Ulysses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andra-Iulia%20Ursa">Andra-Iulia Ursa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> James Joyce employs several unconventional stylistic features in this landmark novel meant to experiment with language. The episode known as “Sirens” is entirely conceived around music and linguistic structures subordinated to sound. However, the aspiration to the condition of music is reflected throughout this entire literary work, as musical effects are echoed systematically. The numerous melodies scattered across the narrative play an important role in enhancing the thoughts and feelings that pass through the minds of the characters. Often the lyrics are distorted or interweaved with other words, preoccupations or memories, intensifying the stylistic effect. The Victorian song “Love’s old sweet song” is one of the most commonly referred to and meaningful musical allusions in Ulysses, becoming a leitmotif of infidelity. The lyrics of the song “M’appari”, from the opera “Martha”, are compared to an event from Molly and Bloom’s romantic history. Moreover, repeated phrases using words from “The bloom is on the rye” or “The croppy boy” serve as glances into the minds of the characters. Therefore, the central purpose of this study is to shed light on the way musical allusions flit through the episodes from the point of view of the stream of consciousness technique and to compare and analyse how these constructions are rendered into Romanian. Mircea Ivănescu, the single Romanian translator who succeeded in carrying out the translation of the entire ‘stylistic odyssey’, received both praises and disapprovals from the critics. This paper is not meant to call forth eventual flaws of the Romanian translation, but rather to elaborate the complexity of the task. Following an attentive examination and analysis of the two texts, from the point of view of form and meaning of the references to various songs, the conclusions of this study will be able to point out the intricacies of the process of translation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joyce" title="Joyce">Joyce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melodious%20constructions" title=" melodious constructions"> melodious constructions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stream%20of%20consciousness" title=" stream of consciousness"> stream of consciousness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=style" title=" style"> style</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translation" title=" translation"> translation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118197/interlingual-melodious-constructions-romanian-translation-of-references-to-songs-in-james-joyces-ulysses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118197.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">297</span> A Study of Mandarin Ba Constructions from the Perspective of Event Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changyin%20Zhou">Changyin Zhou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ba constructions are a special type of constructions in Chinese. Their syntactic behaviors are closely related to their event structural properties. The existing study which treats the semantic function of Ba as causative meets difficulty in treating the discrepancy between Ba constructions and their corresponding constructions without Ba in expressing causativity. This paper holds that Ba in Ba constructions is a functional category expressing affectedness. The affectedness expressed by Ba can be positive or negative. The functional category Ba expressing negative affectedness has the semantic property of being 'expected'. The precondition of Ba construction is the boundedness of the event concerned. This paper, holding the parallelism between motion events and change-of-state events, proposes a syntactic model based on the notions of boundedness and affectedness, discusses the transformations between Ba constructions and the related resultative constructions, and derivates the various Ba constructions concerned. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=affectedness" title="affectedness">affectedness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ba%20constructions" title=" Ba constructions"> Ba constructions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundedness" title=" boundedness"> boundedness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=event%20structure" title=" event structure"> event structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resultative%20constructions" title=" resultative constructions"> resultative constructions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36718/a-study-of-mandarin-ba-constructions-from-the-perspective-of-event-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36718.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">296</span> Comparison Constructions in the Language of the Qur'an</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safiah%20Ahmed%20Yahya%20Madkhali">Safiah Ahmed Yahya Madkhali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the present paper is to provide a characterization of the expression of comparison in the language of the Qur’an, the language of the Divine Book of the Muslim nation. It focuses on quantitative as well as qualitative comparisons. While works on comparison constructions in Arabic focus on a type(s) of the comparison construction and exclude another and investigate its behaviour in Standard Arabic, the paper aims to be inclusive of the varied instances that are scalar comparison constructions and describe its aspects in the language of the Qur’an. To the best of my knowledge, comparative constructions in the language of the Qur’an has not been tackled before and hence the characterization provided in the paper would be the contribution of the present work. The paper highlights the several rhetorical features of the construction as present in the different verses in the Qur’an which set them distinct from the ordinary use of the construction in the different verities of the Arabic language. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparison%20constructions" title="comparison constructions">comparison constructions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inequality" title=" inequality"> inequality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative" title=" comparative"> comparative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superlative" title=" superlative"> superlative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equality" title=" equality"> equality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150721/comparison-constructions-in-the-language-of-the-quran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150721.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">295</span> Examples from a Traditional Sismo-Resistant Architecture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20Zatir">Amira Zatir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abderahmane%20Mokhtari"> Abderahmane Mokhtari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amina%20Foufa"> Amina Foufa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Zatir"> Sara Zatir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It exists in several regions in the world, of numerous historic monuments, buildings and housing environment, built in traditional ways which survive for earthquakes, even in zones where the seismic risk is particularly raised. These constructions, stemming from vernacular architecture, allow, through their resistances in the time earthquakes, to identify the various sismo-resistant "local" techniques. Through the examples and the experiences presented, the remark which can be made, is that in the traditional built, two major principles in a way opposite, govern the constructions in earthquake-resistant. It is about the very big flexibility, whom answer very light constructions, like the Japanese wooden constructions, Turkish and even Chinese; that of the very big rigidity to which correspond constructions in masonry in particular stone, more or less heavy and massive, which we meet in particular in the Mediterranean Basin, and in the historic sanctuary of Machu Pacchu. In it sensible and well-reflected techniques of construction are added, of which the use of the humble materials such as the earth and the adobe. The ancient communities were able to face the seismic risks, thanks to them know-how reflected in their intelligently designed constructions, testifying of a local seismic culture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title="earthquake">earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title=" architecture"> architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional" title=" traditional"> traditional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction" title=" construction"> construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13976/examples-from-a-traditional-sismo-resistant-architecture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13976.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">294</span> Pragmatic Discoursal Study of Hedging Constructions in English Language</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Hussein%20Ahmed">Mohammed Hussein Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahar%20Mohammed%20Kareem"> Bahar Mohammed Kareem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is concerned with the pragmatic discoursal study of hedging constructions in English language. Hedging is a mitigated word used to lessen the impact of the utterance uttered by the speakers. Hedging could be either adverbs, adjectives, verbs and sometimes it may consist of clauses. It aims at finding out the extent to which speakers and participants of the discourse use hedging constructions during their conversations. The study also aims at finding out whether or not there are any significant differences in the types and functions of the frequency of hedging constructions employed by male and female. It is hypothesized that hedging constructions are frequent in English discourse more than any other languages due to its formality and that the frequency of the types and functions are influenced by the gender of the participants. To achieve the aims of the study, two types of procedures have been followed: theoretical and practical. The theoretical procedure consists of presenting a theoretical background of hedging topic which includes its definitions, etymology and theories. The practical procedure consists of selecting a sample of texts and analyzing them according to an adopted model. A number of conclusions will be drawn based on the findings of the study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hedging" title="hedging">hedging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pragmatics" title=" pragmatics"> pragmatics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=politeness" title=" politeness"> politeness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theoretical" title=" theoretical "> theoretical </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14661/pragmatic-discoursal-study-of-hedging-constructions-in-english-language" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14661.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">587</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">293</span> Better Knowledge and Understanding of the Behavior of Masonry Buildings in Earthquake</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20R.%20Mirzaee">A. R. Mirzaee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Khajehpour"> M. Khajehpour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to Simple Design, reasonable cost and easy implementation most people are reluctant to build buildings with masonry construction. Masonry Structures performance at earthquake are so limited. Of most earthquakes occurred in Iran and other countries, we can easily see that most of the damages are for masonry constructions and this is the evidence that we lack proper understanding of the performance of masonry buildings in earthquake. In this paper, according to field studies, conducted in past earthquakes. To evaluate the strengths and weaknesses points of the masonry constructions and also provide a solution to prevent such damage should be presented, and also program Examples of the correct bearing wall and tie-column design with the valid regulations (MSJC-08 (ASD)) will be explained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masonry%20constructions" title="Masonry constructions">Masonry constructions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20at%20earthquake" title=" performance at earthquake"> performance at earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MSJC-08%20%28ASD%29" title=" MSJC-08 (ASD)"> MSJC-08 (ASD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bearing%20wall" title=" bearing wall"> bearing wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tie-column" title=" tie-column"> tie-column</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18015/better-knowledge-and-understanding-of-the-behavior-of-masonry-buildings-in-earthquake" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18015.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">292</span> Lexical Knowledge of Verb Particle Constructions with the Particle on by Mexican English Learners</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarai%20Alvarado%20Pineda">Sarai Alvarado Pineda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ricardo%20Maldonado%20Soto"> Ricardo Maldonado Soto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The acquisition of Verb Particle Constructions is a challenge for Spanish speakers learning English. The acquisition is particularly difficult for speakers of languages with no verb particle constructions. The purpose of the current study is to define the procedural steps in the acquisition of constructions with the particle on. There are three outstanding meanings for the particle on; Surface: The movie is based on a true story, Activation: John turn on the light, Continuity: The band played on all night. The central aim of this study is to measure how Mexican Spanish participants respond to both the three meanings mentioned above and the degree of meaning transparency/opacity of on verb particle constructions. Forty Mexican Spanish learners of English (20 basic and 20 advanced) are compared against a control group of 20 American native English speakers through a reaction time test (PsychoPy2 2015). The participants were asked to discriminate 90 items based on their knowledge of these constructions. There are 30 items per meaning divided into two groups of transparent and opaque meaning. Results revealed three major findings: Advanced students have a reaction time similar to that of native speakers (advanced 4.5s versus native 3.7s), while students with a lower level of English proficiency, show a high reaction time (7s). Likewise, there is a shorter reaction time in constructions with lower opacity in the three groups of participants, with differences between each level (basic 6.7s, advanced 4.3s, and native 3.4s). Finally, a difference in reaction time can be identified according to the meaning provided by the construction. The reaction time for the activation category (5.27s) is greater than continuity (5.04s), and this category is also slower than the surface (4.94s). The study shows that the level of sensitivity of English learners increases significantly aiming towards native speaker patterns as determined by the level of transparency of meaning of each construction as well as the degree of entrenchment of each constructional meaning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meaning%20of%20the%20particle" title="meaning of the particle">meaning of the particle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opacity" title=" opacity"> opacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reaction%20time" title=" reaction time"> reaction time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=verb%20particle%20constructions" title=" verb particle constructions"> verb particle constructions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91993/lexical-knowledge-of-verb-particle-constructions-with-the-particle-on-by-mexican-english-learners" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">291</span> Input and Interaction as Training for Cognitive Learning: Variation Sets Influence the Sudden Acquisition of Periphrastic estar 'to be' + verb + -ndo* </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mary%20Rosa%20Espinosa-Ochoa">Mary Rosa Espinosa-Ochoa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Some constructions appear suddenly in children’s speech and are productive from the beginning. These constructions are supported by others, previously acquired, with which they share semantic and pragmatic features. Thus, for example, the acquisition of the passive voice in German is supported by other constructions with which it shares the lexical verb sein (“to be”). This also occurs in Spanish, in the acquisition of the progressive aspectual periphrasis estar (“to be”) + verb root + -ndo (present participle), supported by locative constructions acquired earlier with the same verb. The periphrasis shares with the locative constructions not only the lexical verb estar, but also pragmatic relations. Both constructions can be used to answer the question ¿Dónde está? (“Where is he/she/it?”), whose answer could be either Está aquí (“He/she/it is here”) or Se está bañando (“He/she/it is taking a bath”).This study is a corpus-based analysis of two children (1;08-2;08) and the input directed to them: it proposes that the pragmatic and semantic support from previously-acquired constructions comes from the input, during interaction with others. This hypothesis is based on analysis of constructions with estar, whose use to express temporal change (which differentiates it from its counterpart ser [“to be”]), is given in variation sets, similar to those described by Küntay and Slobin (2002), that allow the child to perceive the change of place experienced by nouns that function as its grammatical subject. For example, at different points during a bath, the mother says: El jabón está aquí “The soap is here” (beginning of bath); five minutes later, the soap has moved, and the mother says el jabón está ahí “the soap is there”; the soap moves again later on and she says: el jabón está abajo de ti “the soap is under you”. “The soap” is the grammatical subject of all of these utterances. The Spanish verb + -ndo is a progressive phase aspect encoder of a dynamic state that generates a token. The verb + -ndo is also combined with verb estar to encode. It is proposed here that the phases experienced in interaction with the adult, in events related to the verb estar, allow a child to generate this dynamicity and token reading of the verb + -ndo. In this way, children begin to produce the periphrasis suddenly and productively, even though neither the periphrasis nor the verb + -ndo itself are frequent in adult speech. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20language%20acquisition" title="child language acquisition">child language acquisition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=input" title=" input"> input</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variation%20sets" title=" variation sets"> variation sets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spanish%20language" title=" Spanish language"> Spanish language</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122420/input-and-interaction-as-training-for-cognitive-learning-variation-sets-influence-the-sudden-acquisition-of-periphrastic-estar-to-be-verb-ndo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">290</span> Cognitive and Functional Analysis of Experiencer Subject and Experiencer Object Psychological Predicate Constructions in French</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carine%20Kawakami">Carine Kawakami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In French, as well as in English, there are two types of psychological predicate constructions depending on where the experiencer argument is realized; the first type is in the subject position (e.g. Je regrette d’être venu ici. ‘I regret coming here'), hereinafter called ES construction, and the second type is in the object position (e.g. Cette nouvelle m’a surpris. ‘This new surprised me.'), referred as EO construction. In the previous studies about psychological predicates, the syntactic position of the experiencer argument has been just a matter of its connection with the syntactic or semantic structure of the predicate. So that few attentions have been paid to how two types of realization of experiencer are related to the conceptualization of psychological event and to the function of the sentence describing the psychological event, in the sense of speech act theory. In this research, focusing on the French phenomena limited to the first personal pronoun and the present tense, the ES constructions and the EO constructions will be analyzed from cognitive and functional approach. It will be revealed that, due to the possibility to be used in soliloquy and the high co-occurrence with ça (‘it’), the EO constructions may have expressive function to betray what speaker feels in hic et nunc, like interjection. And in the expressive case, the experiencer is construed as a locus where a feeling appears spontaneously and is construed subjectively (e.g. Ah, ça m’énerve! ‘Oh, it irritates me!'). On the other hand, the ES constructions describe speaker’s mental state in an assertive manner rather than the expressive and spontaneously way. In other words, they describe what speaker feels to the interlocutor (e.g. Je suis énervé. ‘I am irritated.'). As a consequence, when the experiencer argument is realized in the subject position, it is construed objectively and have a participant feature in the sense of cognitive grammar. Finally, it will be concluded that the choice of construction type, at least in French, is correlated to the conceptualization of the psychological event and the discourse feature of its expression. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=french%20psychological%20verb" title="french psychological verb">french psychological verb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptualization" title=" conceptualization"> conceptualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expressive%20function" title=" expressive function"> expressive function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assertive%20function" title=" assertive function"> assertive function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiencer%20realization" title=" experiencer realization"> experiencer realization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149453/cognitive-and-functional-analysis-of-experiencer-subject-and-experiencer-object-psychological-predicate-constructions-in-french" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149453.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">289</span> Expert System for Road Bridge Constructions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Dimmer">Michael Dimmer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Holger%20Flederer"> Holger Flederer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The basis of realizing a construction project is a technically flawless concept which satisfies conditions regarding environment and costs, as well as static-constructional terms. The presented software system actively supports civil engineers during the setup of optimal designs, by giving advice regarding durability, life-cycle costs, sustainability and much more. A major part of the surrounding conditions of a design process is gathered and assimilated by experienced engineers subconsciously. It is a question about eligible building techniques and their practicability by considering emerging costs. Planning engineers have acquired many of this experience during their professional life and use them for their daily work. Occasionally, the planning engineer should disassociate himself from his experience to be open for new and better solutions which meet the functional demands, as well. The developed expert system gives planning engineers recommendations for preferred design options of new constructions as well as for existing bridge constructions. It is possible to analyze construction elements and techniques regarding sustainability and life-cycle costs. This way the software provides recommendations for future constructions. Furthermore, there is an option to design existing road bridges especially for heavy duty transport. This implies a route planning tool to get quick and reliable information as to whether the bridge support structures of a transport route have been measured sufficiently for a certain heavy duty transport. The use of this expert system in bridge planning companies and building authorities will save costs massively for new and existent bridge constructions. This is achieved by consequently considering parameters like life-cycle costs and sustainability for its planning recommendations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expert%20system" title="expert system">expert system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planning%20process" title=" planning process"> planning process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20bridges" title=" road bridges"> road bridges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20system" title=" software system"> software system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48554/expert-system-for-road-bridge-constructions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48554.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">288</span> On Copular Constructions in Yemeni Arabic and the Cartography of Subjects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ameen%20Alahdal">Ameen Alahdal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates copular constructions in Raimi Yemeni Arabic (RYA). The aim of the paper is actually twofold. First it explores the types of copular constructions in Raimi Yemeni Arabic, a variety of Arabic that has not attracted a lot of attention. In this connection, the paper shows that RYA manifests ‘bare’, verbal and pronominal/PRON copular constructions, just like other varieties of Arabic and indeed other Semitic languages like Hebrew. The sentences below from RYA represent the three constructions, respectively. (1) a. nada Hilwah Nada pretty.3sf ‘Nada is pretty’ b. kan al-banat hina was the-girls here ‘The girls were here c. ali hu-l mudiir Ali he-the manager ‘Ali is the manager’ Interestingly, in addition to these common types of copular constructions, RYA seems to exhibit dual copula sentences, a construction that features both a pronominal copula and a verbal copula. Such a construction is attested neither in Standard Arabic nor in other modern varieties of Arabic such as Lebanese, Moroccan, Egyptian, Jordanian. Remarkably, dual copular sentences do not appear even in other dialects of Yemeni Arabic such as Sanaani, Adeni and Tehami. (2) is an example. (2) maha kan-ih mudarrisah maha was-she teacher.3sf ‘Maha was a teacehr’ Second, the paper considers the cartography of subject positions in copular constructions proposed by Shlonsky and Rizzi (2018). Different copular constructions seem to involve different subject positions (which might eventually correlate with different interpretations – not our concern in this paper). Here, it is argued that in a bare copular sentence, as in (1a), RYA might exploit two criterial subject positions (in Rizzi’s sense), in addition to the canonical Spec,TP position. Under mainstream minimalist assumption, a copular sentence is analyzed as a PredP. Thus, in addition to the PredP-related thematic subject position, a criterial subject position is posited outside of PredP. (3) below represents the cartography of subject positions in a bare copular construction. (3) [……..DP subj PredP DP Pred DP/AP/PP ] In PRON sentences, as exemplified in (1c), another two subject positions are postulated high in the clause, particularly above PolP. (4) illustrates the hierarchy of the subject positions in a PRON copular construction. The subject resides in Spec,SUBJ2P. (4) …DP SUBJ2 …DP SUBJ1 … Pol … DP subj PredP Another related phenomenon in RYA which sets it apart from other languages like Hebrew is that of negative bare copular construction. This construction involves a PRON, which is not found in its affirmative counterpart. PRON, however, is hosted neither by SUBJ20 nor by SUBJ10. Rather, PRON occurs below Neg0 (Pol0 in the hierarchy). This situation raises interesting issues for the hierarchy of subjects in copular constructions as well as to the syntax of the left periphery in general. With regard to what causes the subject to move, there are different potential triggers. For instance, movement of the subject at the base, i.e., out of PredP is triggered by a labeling failure. Other movements of the subject can be driven by a formal feature like EPP, or a criterial feature like [subj]. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yemeni%20Arabic" title="Yemeni Arabic">Yemeni Arabic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copular%20constructions" title=" copular constructions"> copular constructions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cartography%20of%20subjects" title=" cartography of subjects"> cartography of subjects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labeling" title=" labeling"> labeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criterial%20positions" title=" criterial positions"> criterial positions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142229/on-copular-constructions-in-yemeni-arabic-and-the-cartography-of-subjects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142229.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">287</span> A Review: The Impact of Core Quality the Empirical Review of Critical Factors on the Causes of Delay in Road Constructions Projects in the GCC Countries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sulaiman%20Al-Hinai">Sulaiman Al-Hinai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Setyawan%20Widyarto"> Setyawan Widyarto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to identify the critically dominating factors on the delays of road constructions in the GCC countries and their effects on project delivery in Arab countries. Towards the achieved of the objectives the study used the empirical literature from the all relevant online sources and database as many as possible. The findings of this study have summarized and short listed of the success factors in the two categories such as internal and external factors have caused to be influenced to delay of road constructions in the Arab regions. However, in the category of internal factors, there are 63 factors short listed from seven group of factors which has revealed to effects on the delay of road constructions especially, the consultant related factors, the contractor related factors, designed related factors, client related factors, labor related factors, material related issues, equipment related issues respectively. Moreover, for external related factors are also considered to summarized especially natural disaster (flood, hurricanes and cyclone etc.), conflict, war, global financial crisis, compensation delay to affected property owner, price fluctuated, unexpected ground conditions (soil and high-water level), changing of government regulations and laws, delays in obtaining permission from municipality, loss of time by traffic control and restrictions at job site, problem with inhabitant of community, delays in providing service from utilities (water and electricity’s) and accident during constructions accordingly. The present study also concluded the effects of above factors which has delay road constructions through increasing of cost and overrun it, taken overtime, creating of disputes, going for lawsuits, finally happening of abandon of projects. Thus, the present study has given the following recommendations to overcome of above problems by increasing of detailed site investigations, ensure careful monitoring and regular meetings, effective site management, collaborative working and effective coordination’s, proper and comprehensive planning and scheduling and ensure full and intensive commitment from all parties accordingly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arab%20GCC%20countries" title="Arab GCC countries">Arab GCC countries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20success%20factors" title=" critical success factors"> critical success factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20constructions%20delay" title=" road constructions delay"> road constructions delay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20management" title=" project management"> project management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127346/a-review-the-impact-of-core-quality-the-empirical-review-of-critical-factors-on-the-causes-of-delay-in-road-constructions-projects-in-the-gcc-countries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127346.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">286</span> Syntax-Related Problems of Translation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Kesoyan">Anna Kesoyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper deals with the syntax-related problems of translation from English into Armenian. Although Syntax is a part of grammar, syntax-related problems of translation are studied separately during the process of translation. Translation from one language to another is widely accepted as a challenging problem. This becomes even more challenging when the source and target languages are widely different in structure and style, as is the case with English and Armenian. Syntax-related problems of translation from English into Armenian are mainly connected with the syntactical structures of these languages, and particularly, with the word order of the sentence. The word order of the sentence of the Armenian language, which is a synthetic language, is usually characterized as “rather free”, and the word order of the English language, which is an analytical language, is characterized “fixed”. The following research examines the main translation means, particularly, syntactical transformations as the translator has to take real steps while trying to solve certain syntax-related problems. Most of the means of translation are based on the transformation of grammatical components of the sentence, without changing the main information of the text. There are several transformations that occur during translation such as word order of the sentence, transformations of certain grammatical constructions like Infinitive participial construction, Nominative with the Infinitive and Elliptical constructions which have been covered in the following research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elliptical%20%20constructions" title="elliptical constructions">elliptical constructions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nominative%20with%20%20the%20%20infinitive%20constructions" title=" nominative with the infinitive constructions"> nominative with the infinitive constructions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed%20and%20free%20word%20order" title=" fixed and free word order"> fixed and free word order</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syntactic%20structures" title=" syntactic structures"> syntactic structures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66963/syntax-related-problems-of-translation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66963.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">285</span> Water's Role in Creating a Sense of Belonging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narges%20Nejati">Narges Nejati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays as science hasten toward technology, only quantity of construction noticed and there is a little attention toward quality of construction and there is no usage for element which was prevalent in traditional architecture. This is the cause of this issue that nowadays we see building that most of them just keep you from heat and cold of outside environment and there is no trace of any culture of their country or nation in it. And although we know that man is a creature that adores beauty by his nature, but this spiritual need of him is ignored. And designers by taking an enormous price instead of planning (spiritual designing) to release peace, they attend to planning which make a human soul bothered and ill. The present research is trying to illustrate price of concepts and principles of water usage as one of the elements of nature and also shows the water application in some of the Iranian constructions and the results show the motif of using water in constructions and also some benefits of using it in constructions. And also this matter can causes a reconnection between nature and constructing of a beautiful environment which is consonant and proportional with man’ physical, spiritual and cultural needs. And causes peace and comfort of men. A construction which man feels a friendly atmosphere in them which he has a sense of belonging to them not a construction which arouses feeling of weariness and fatigue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20usage" title="water usage">water usage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=belonging" title=" belonging"> belonging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20architecture" title=" sustainable architecture"> sustainable architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20design" title=" urban design"> urban design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27129/waters-role-in-creating-a-sense-of-belonging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">284</span> Impact of Masonry Joints on Detection of Humidity Distribution in Aerated Concrete Masonry Constructions by Electric Impedance Spectrometry Measurements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanita%20Rubene">Sanita Rubene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martins%20Vilnitis"> Martins Vilnitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juris%20Noviks"> Juris Noviks</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aerated concrete is a load bearing construction material, which has high heat insulation parameters. Walls can be erected from aerated concrete masonry constructions and in perfect circumstances additional heat insulation is not required. The most common problem in aerated concrete heat insulation properties is the humidity distribution throughout the cross section of the masonry elements as well as proper and conducted drying process of the aerated concrete construction because only dry aerated concrete masonry constructions can reach high heat insulation parameters. In order to monitor drying process of the masonry and detect humidity distribution throughout the cross section of aerated concrete masonry construction application of electrical impedance spectrometry is applied. Further test results and methodology of this non-destructive testing method is described in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerated%20concrete" title="aerated concrete">aerated concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20impedance%20spectrometry" title=" electrical impedance spectrometry"> electrical impedance spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humidity%20distribution" title=" humidity distribution"> humidity distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-destructive%20testing" title=" non-destructive testing"> non-destructive testing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13188/impact-of-masonry-joints-on-detection-of-humidity-distribution-in-aerated-concrete-masonry-constructions-by-electric-impedance-spectrometry-measurements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13188.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">283</span> On the Construction of Lightweight Circulant Maximum Distance Separable Matrices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qinyi%20Mei">Qinyi Mei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-Ping%20Wang"> Li-Ping Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> MDS matrices are of great significance in the design of block ciphers and hash functions. In the present paper, we investigate the problem of constructing MDS matrices which are both lightweight and low-latency. We propose a new method of constructing lightweight MDS matrices using circulant matrices which can be implemented efficiently in hardware. Furthermore, we provide circulant MDS matrices with as few bit XOR operations as possible for the classical dimensions 4 × 4, 8 × 8 over the space of linear transformations over finite field F42 . In contrast to previous constructions of MDS matrices, our constructions have achieved fewer XORs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20diffusion%20layer" title="linear diffusion layer">linear diffusion layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circulant%20matrix" title=" circulant matrix"> circulant matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight" title=" lightweight"> lightweight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20distance%20separable%20%28MDS%29%20matrix" title="maximum distance separable (MDS) matrix">maximum distance separable (MDS) matrix</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64109/on-the-construction-of-lightweight-circulant-maximum-distance-separable-matrices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64109.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">282</span> Revisiting the Historical Narratives of the Old Churches in Albay, Bikol Region, Philippines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruby%20Ann%20L.%20Ayo">Ruby Ann L. Ayo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As cultural heritage reflects the historical origin of a certain group of people, it reveals their customs, traits, beliefs, practices and even values they hold on for years. One of the tangible examples of cultural heritage is the physical structures including the old churches. The study looked-into the existing historical narratives of the century Old Catholic churches in the Province of Albay, Bikol Region, Philippines: NuestraSeñora de Salvacion in Joroan, Tiwi, Albay; the Our Lady of the Gate in Daraga, Albay; the San Juan de Bautista in Tabaco City and the St. John the Baptist in Camalig, Albay. The historical narratives were analysed in terms of validity and reliability of the secondary documents with reference to the elements of history revealing consistency and adequacy of historical facts. The contents were examined using a modified Checklist of Historical Documents. The historical narratives were likewise submitted to the content expert for validation as regards historical authenticity and accuracy. The contents of the narratives were scrutinized according to the following codes: (1.1) the Patron Saints;(1.2) factors that paved to their constructions; (1.3) the people responsible for their constructions; (1.4) the misconceptions about their constructions; and (1.5) their contributions to Bikol heritage. Based on the codes, themes were identified as: (2.1) Marian Devotees and Christ-centered Patron Saints; (2.2) geographical, socio-political and cultural factors; (2.3) church and government officials; (2.4) misconceptions on the dates of constructions and original sites; and (2.5) popular pilgrim sites and well-admired architectural designs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20narratives" title="historical narratives">historical narratives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=old%20churches" title=" old churches"> old churches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20heritage" title=" cultural heritage"> cultural heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20validity%20and%20reliability" title=" historical validity and reliability"> historical validity and reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elements%20of%20history" title=" elements of history"> elements of history</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47789/revisiting-the-historical-narratives-of-the-old-churches-in-albay-bikol-region-philippines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">281</span> 2D Nanomaterials-Based Geopolymer as-Self-Sensing Buildings in Construction Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Kiani">Maryam Kiani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The self-sensing capability opens up new possibilities for structural health monitoring, offering real-time information on the condition and performance of constructions. The synthesis and characterization of these functional 2D material geopolymers will be explored in this study. Various fabrication techniques, including mixing, dispersion, and coating methods, will be employed to ensure uniform distribution and integration of the 2D materials within the geopolymers. The resulting composite materials will be evaluated for their mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and sensing capabilities through rigorous testing and analysis. The potential applications of these self-sensing geopolymers are vast. They can be used in infrastructure projects, such as bridges, tunnels, and buildings, to provide continuous monitoring and early detection of structural damage or degradation. This proactive approach to maintenance and safety can significantly improve the lifespan and efficiency of constructions, ultimately reducing maintenance costs and enhancing overall sustainability. In conclusion, the development of functional 2D material geopolymers as self-sensing materials presents an exciting advancement in the construction industry. By integrating these innovative materials into structures, we can create a new generation of intelligent, self-monitoring constructions that can adapt and respond to their environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2D%20materials" title="2D materials">2D materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geopolymers" title=" geopolymers"> geopolymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20properties" title=" electrical properties"> electrical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-sensing" title=" self-sensing"> self-sensing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178632/2d-nanomaterials-based-geopolymer-as-self-sensing-buildings-in-construction-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178632.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">280</span> Existential and Possessive Constructions in Modern Standard Arabic Two Strategies Reflecting the Ontological (Non-)Autonomy of Located or Possessed Entities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fayssal%20Tayalati">Fayssal Tayalati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although languages use very divergent constructional strategies, all existential constructions appear to invariably involve an implicit or explicit locative constituent. This locative constituent either surface as a true locative phrase or are realized as a possessor noun phrase. However, while much research focuses on the supposed underlying syntactic relation of locative and possessive existential constructions, not much is known about possible semantic factors that could govern the choice between these constructions. The main question that we address in this talk concerns the choice between the two related constructions in Modern Standard Arabic (MAS). Although both are used to express the existence of something somewhere, we can distinguish three contexts: First, for some types of entities, only the EL construction is possible (e.g. (1a) ṯammata raǧulun fī l-ḥadīqati vs. (1b) *(kāna) ladā l-ḥadīqati raǧulun). Second, for other types of entities, only the possessive construction is possible (e.g. (2a) ladā ṭ-ṭawilati aklun dāʾiriyyun vs. (2b) *ṯammata šaklun dāʾiriyyun ladā/fī ṭ-ṭawilati). Finally, for still other entities, both constructions can be found (e.g. (3a) ṯammata ḥubbun lā yūṣafu ladā ǧārī li-zawǧati-hi and (3b) ladā ǧārī ḥubbun lā yūṣafu li-zawǧati-hi). The data covering a range of ontologically different entities (concrete objects, events, body parts, dimensions, essential qualities, feelings, etc.) shows that the choice between the existential locative and the possessive constructions is closely linked to the conceptual autonomy of the existential theme with respect to its location or to the whole that it is a part of. The construction with ṯammata is the only possible one to express the existence of a fully autonomous (i.e. nondependent) entity (concrete objects (e.g.1) and abstract objects such as events, especially the ones that Grimshaw called ‘simple events’). The possessive construction with (kāna) ladā is the only one used to express the existence of fully non-autonomous (i.e. fully dependent on a whole) entities (body parts, dimensions (e.g. 2), essential qualities). The two constructions alternate when the existential theme is conceptually dependent but separable of the whole, either because it has an autonomous (independent) existence of the given whole (spare parts of an object), or because it receives a relative autonomy in the speech through a modifier (accidental qualities, feelings (e.g. 3a, 3b), psychological states, among some other kinds of themes). In this case, the modifier expresses an approximate boundary on a scale, and provides relative autonomy to the entity. Finally, we will show that kinship terms (e.g. son), which at first sight may seem to constitute counterexamples to our hypothesis, are nonetheless supported by it. The ontological (non-)autonomy of located or possessed entities is also reflected by morpho-syntactic properties, among them the use and the choice of determiners, pluralisation and the behavior of entities in the context of associative anaphora. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=existence" title="existence">existence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=possession" title=" possession"> possession</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20entities" title=" autonomous entities"> autonomous entities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-autonomous%20entities" title=" non-autonomous entities"> non-autonomous entities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44185/existential-and-possessive-constructions-in-modern-standard-arabic-two-strategies-reflecting-the-ontological-non-autonomy-of-located-or-possessed-entities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44185.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">279</span> Building Bridges on Roads With Major Constructions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Zaidour">Mohamed Zaidour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this summary, we are going to look in brief at the bridges and their building and construction on most roads and we have followed a simple method to explain each field clearly because the geographical and climatic diversity of an area leads to different methods and types of roads and installation engineering in other areas In mountain areas we need to build retaining walls in areas of rain. It needs to construct ferries to discharge water from roads in areas of temporary or permanent rivers. There is a need to build bridges and construct road installations in the process of collecting the necessary information, such as soil type. This information needs it, engineer, when designing the constructor and in this section, we will identify the types and methods of calculation bridge columns rules phrases the walls are chock. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridges" title="bridges">bridges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buildings" title=" buildings"> buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constructions" title=" constructions"> constructions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roads" title=" roads"> roads</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153524/building-bridges-on-roads-with-major-constructions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153524.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">278</span> Urban Analysis of the Old City of Oran and Its Building after an Earthquake</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Zatir">A. Zatir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mokhtari"> A. Mokhtari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Foufa"> A. Foufa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Zatir"> S. Zatir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The city of Oran, like any other region of northern Algeria, is subject to frequent seismic activity, the study presented in this work will be based on an analysis of urban and architectural context of the city of Oran before the date of the earthquake of 1790, and then try to deduce the differences between the old city before and after the earthquake. The analysis developed as a specific objective to tap into the seismic history of the city of Oran parallel to its urban history. The example of the citadel of Oran indicates that constructions presenting the site of the old citadel, may present elements of resistance for face to seismic effects. Removed in city observations of these structures, showed the ingenuity of the techniques used by the ancient builders, including the good performance of domes and arches in resistance to seismic forces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title="earthquake">earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citadel" title=" citadel"> citadel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20techniques" title=" traditional techniques"> traditional techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constructions" title=" constructions"> constructions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16708/urban-analysis-of-the-old-city-of-oran-and-its-building-after-an-earthquake" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16708.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">277</span> Strategy Research for the Development of Thematic Commercial Streets - Based On the Survey of Eight Typical Thematic Commercial Streets in Harbin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Zhenzhen">Wang Zhenzhen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Xu"> Wang Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Liangping"> Hong Liangping</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The construction of thematic commercial streets has been on the hotspot with the rapid development of cities. In order to improve the image and competitiveness of cities, many cities are building or rebuilding thematic commercial streets. However, many contradictions and problems have emerged during this process. Therefore, it is significant, for both the practice and the research, to analyse the development of thematic commercial streets and provide some useful suggestions. Through the deep research and comparative study of the eight typical thematic commercial streets in Harbin, this paper summarize the current situations, laws and influencing factors of the development of these streets, and then put forward some suggestions about the plan, constructions and developments of the thematic commercial streets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thematic%20commercial%20streets" title="thematic commercial streets">thematic commercial streets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laws%20of%20the%20development" title=" laws of the development"> laws of the development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influence%20factors" title=" influence factors"> influence factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20constructions%20and%20developments" title=" the constructions and developments"> the constructions and developments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degrees%20of%20aggregation" title=" degrees of aggregation"> degrees of aggregation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7064/strategy-research-for-the-development-of-thematic-commercial-streets-based-on-the-survey-of-eight-typical-thematic-commercial-streets-in-harbin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">276</span> A Muslim Jurisprudential Stance on Melodious Application of Music in Qur’ānic Recitation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Feroz-Ud-Din%20Shah%20Khagga">Muhammad Feroz-Ud-Din Shah Khagga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The holy Qur’ān, due to its exceptional and unique rhythmic style of expression, seems to have a deep connection with music and elegance of melodiousness of voice, on the other hand, Islam has various authentic transmissions and expound teachings regarding the prevention of music and songs. In this context, there has been a remarkable debate among Islamic scholars, jurists and Qur’ānic scientist to whether it is permissible to use the principles of Arabic musical symphonies, Maqāmāt and melodies in the recitation of the Qur’ān? Some Muslim scholars are convinced of the Sharīʻah legitimacy of the use of music, Maqāmāt and melodies in the recitation of the Qur’ān but some scholars do not consider it permissible. This study is an attempt to discover the factual Muslim jurisprudential experts’ stance on the subject by analyzing the arguments of both groups of scholars. It supports the viewpoint of the opponents, but also tries to reconcile the two positions. It maintains that there is nothing wrong with reciting the Qur’ān in a beautiful voice but it must be free from those forms of music which are not adored in Islamic Sharīʻah. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quranic%20recitation.%20maq%C4%81m%C4%81t" title="Quranic recitation. maqāmāt">Quranic recitation. maqāmāt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music" title=" music"> music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lahn" title=" lahn"> lahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uloom%20al-Qur%E2%80%99%C4%81n" title=" Uloom al-Qur’ān"> Uloom al-Qur’ān</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quranic%20sciences" title=" Quranic sciences"> Quranic sciences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194467/a-muslim-jurisprudential-stance-on-melodious-application-of-music-in-quranic-recitation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194467.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">6</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">275</span> Constructions of Linear and Robust Codes Based on Wavelet Decompositions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alla%20Levina">Alla Levina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergey%20Taranov"> Sergey Taranov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The classical approach to the providing noise immunity and integrity of information that process in computing devices and communication channels is to use linear codes. Linear codes have fast and efficient algorithms of encoding and decoding information, but this codes concentrate their detect and correct abilities in certain error configurations. To protect against any configuration of errors at predetermined probability can robust codes. This is accomplished by the use of perfect nonlinear and almost perfect nonlinear functions to calculate the code redundancy. The paper presents the error-correcting coding scheme using biorthogonal wavelet transform. Wavelet transform applied in various fields of science. Some of the wavelet applications are cleaning of signal from noise, data compression, spectral analysis of the signal components. The article suggests methods for constructing linear codes based on wavelet decomposition. For developed constructions we build generator and check matrix that contain the scaling function coefficients of wavelet. Based on linear wavelet codes we develop robust codes that provide uniform protection against all errors. In article we propose two constructions of robust code. The first class of robust code is based on multiplicative inverse in finite field. In the second robust code construction the redundancy part is a cube of information part. Also, this paper investigates the characteristics of proposed robust and linear codes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robust%20code" title="robust code">robust code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20code" title=" linear code"> linear code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet%20decomposition" title=" wavelet decomposition"> wavelet decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scaling%20function" title=" scaling function"> scaling function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error%20masking%20probability" title=" error masking probability"> error masking probability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16512/constructions-of-linear-and-robust-codes-based-on-wavelet-decompositions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16512.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">274</span> Optimising GIS in Cushioning the Environmental Impact of Infrastructural Projects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akerele%20Akintunde%20Hareef">Akerele Akintunde Hareef</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> GIS is an integrating tool for storing, retrieving, manipulating, and analyzing spatial data. It is a tool which defines an area with respect to features and other relevant thematic delineations. On the other hand, Environmental Impact Assessment in short is both positive and negative impact of an infrastructure on an environment. Impact of infrastructural projects on the environment is an aspect of development that barely get extensive portion of pre-project execution phase and when they do, the effects are most times not implemented to cushion the impact they have on human and the environment. In this research, infrastructural projects like road constructions, water reticulation projects, building constructions, bridge etc. have immense impact on the environment and the people that reside in location of construction. Hence, the need for this research tends to portray the relevance of Environmental Impact assessment in calculating the vulnerability of human and the environment to imbalance necessitated by this infrastructural development and how the use of GIS application can be optimally applied to annul or minimize the effect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20impact%20assessment%20%28EIA%29" title="environmental impact assessment (EIA)">environmental impact assessment (EIA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geographic%20information%20system%20%28GIS%29" title=" geographic information system (GIS)"> geographic information system (GIS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructural%20projects" title=" infrastructural projects"> infrastructural projects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment "> environment </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22890/optimising-gis-in-cushioning-the-environmental-impact-of-infrastructural-projects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22890.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">552</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">273</span> Canonical Objects and Other Objects in Arabic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safiah%20Ahmed%20Madkhali">Safiah Ahmed Madkhali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The grammatical relation object has not attracted the same attention in the literature as subject has. Where there is a clearly monotransitive verb such as kick, the criteria for identifying the grammatical relation may converge. However, the term object is also used to refer to phenomena that do not subsume all, or even most, of the recognized properties of the canonical object. Instances of such phenomena include non-canonical objects such as the ones in the so-called double-object construction i.e. the indirect object and the direct object as in (He bought his dog a new collar). In this paper, it is demonstrated how criteria of identifying the grammatical relation object that are found in the theoretical and typological literature can be applied to Arabic. Also, further language-specific criteria are here derived from the regularities of the canonical object in the language. The criteria established in this way are then applied to the non-canonical objects to demonstrate how far they conform to, or diverge from, the canonical object. Contrary to the claim that the direct object is more similar to the canonical object than is the indirect object, it was found that it is, in fact, the indirect object rather than the direct object that shares most of the aspects of the canonical object in monotransitive clauses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=canonical%20objects" title="canonical objects">canonical objects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double-object%20constructions" title=" double-object constructions"> double-object constructions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognate%20object%20constructions" title=" cognate object constructions"> cognate object constructions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-canonical%20objects" title=" non-canonical objects"> non-canonical objects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141579/canonical-objects-and-other-objects-in-arabic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141579.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">272</span> Integration of Fuzzy Logic in the Representation of Knowledge: Application in the Building Domain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafida%20Bouarfa">Hafida Bouarfa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Abed"> Mohamed Abed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main object of our work is the development and the validation of a system indicated Fuzzy Vulnerability. Fuzzy Vulnerability uses a fuzzy representation in order to tolerate the imprecision during the description of construction. At the the second phase, we evaluated the similarity between the vulnerability of a new construction and those of the whole of the historical cases. This similarity is evaluated on two levels: 1) individual similarity: bases on the fuzzy techniques of aggregation; 2) Global similarity: uses the increasing monotonous linguistic quantifiers (RIM) to combine the various individual similarities between two constructions. The third phase of the process of Fuzzy Vulnerability consists in using vulnerabilities of historical constructions narrowly similar to current construction to deduce its estimate vulnerability. We validated our system by using 50 cases. We evaluated the performances of Fuzzy Vulnerability on the basis of two basic criteria, the precision of the estimates and the tolerance of the imprecision along the process of estimation. The comparison was done with estimates made by tiresome and long models. The results are satisfactory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20based%20reasoning" title="case based reasoning">case based reasoning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic" title=" fuzzy logic"> fuzzy logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20case%20based%20reasoning" title=" fuzzy case based reasoning"> fuzzy case based reasoning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20vulnerability" title=" seismic vulnerability"> seismic vulnerability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11237/integration-of-fuzzy-logic-in-the-representation-of-knowledge-application-in-the-building-domain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">271</span> Influence of Colonial Architecture on South Indian Vernacular Constructions: A Case of Venkatagiri in Andhra Pradesh, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jahnavi%20Priya%20Alluri">Jahnavi Priya Alluri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarang%20Barbarwar"> Sarang Barbarwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With over 6000 years of sustained civilization, India has been home to diverse social customs and various communities. The country’s culture and architecture have been profoundly impacted by the extensive variation in its geography and climatic conditions. In its history, many kingdoms have ruled in the South Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The vernacular constructions of this region have progressed considerably in this period. The paper discusses the impact on vernacular architecture in Venkatagiri, Andhra Pradesh, post the arrival of the British. The town was a small settlement that finds its roots in the Vijaynagara Empire. The study tries to highlight the amalgamation of colonial influences on the local construction techniques and material usage. It discusses the new variation in the style of architecture through the case of Venkatagiri Palace and its precincts. The paper also discusses the traits of distinction in the influence through various social and economic groups of the old city of the same town. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vernacular%20architecture" title="vernacular architecture">vernacular architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colonial%20architecture" title=" colonial architecture"> colonial architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venkatagiri" title=" Venkatagiri"> Venkatagiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=south%20Indian%20vernacular" title=" south Indian vernacular "> south Indian vernacular </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126299/influence-of-colonial-architecture-on-south-indian-vernacular-constructions-a-case-of-venkatagiri-in-andhra-pradesh-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126299.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">270</span> Some Specialized Prosaic Arts of the Ancient Arabic Literature; An Introductory Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shams%20Ul%20Hussain%20Zaheer">Shams Ul Hussain Zaheer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bakht%20Rahman"> Bakht Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shehla%20Shams"> Shehla Shams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bibi%20Alia"> Bibi Alia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Arabic literature, from the very past, is divided into two basic parts: prose and poetry. It will not be wrong if it is said that this division of literature is found even in the era of ignorance (before-Islam). In this period, prose was given a kind of ignorance while poetry was given much significance since people showed deeper interest in its melodious impact while listening and singing as compared to prose writing. Because poetry was directly appealing to the emotions of the people, it was celebrated as universal genre and prose remained in a subordinate position due to its diction. Despite this attitude towards the genre of prose, some of the prosaic arts were orally transmitted from one generation to another during the era of ignorance. Later on, in the Omayyad and Abbasside periods, when literature was properly classified, this art was given its proper placement in the history. In this connection, there are three important aspects of this genre i.e. will, tales, and sacerdotal words. This paper traces the historical background of these categories and how they contributed to the modern understanding of literature in terms of its diction, themes, and kinds of prose writing. This is a descriptive and qualitative research which will add insight into the role these terms can play in understanding the thinking and inclination of people in the days of ignorance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20literature" title="Arabic literature">Arabic literature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=era%20of%20ignorance" title=" era of ignorance"> era of ignorance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prose" title=" prose"> prose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=special%20arts" title=" special arts"> special arts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis" title=" analysis"> analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160014/some-specialized-prosaic-arts-of-the-ancient-arabic-literature-an-introductory-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160014.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">269</span> Isan Symphonic Variations for Chorus and Orchestra</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chananart%20Meenanan">Chananart Meenanan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The composition Isan Symphonic Variations for Chorus and Orchestra is a musical composition inspired by Isan Folk music tunes. The composer has created the well crafted melodic variations and cultural sound character of the piece based on the Klon Lum Tang Isan Keaw (Green Isan’s short poems). Meanwhile, the poetic lyric has been motivatedly recreated to bring the abundance of Northeastern Thailand region’s sentiment back to life. Moreover, the sound of xylophone (Ponglang), the instruments of the orchestra and the chorus were blended in order to present Isan folk music’s character via the Western musical idiom. The 3 movement of this composition is divided as following: In Movement I (Allegro), the introduction has been represented the uniqueness in Isan folk music’s liveliness by expressing it through the sound of chorus and orchestra. The composer also added the melodious sound flavor by utilizing the variety of the muting sound style on trumpets and horns. In Movement II (Moderato), the aspect of the heterophonic approach music has been implied to the main idea of the entire movement whereby its formatted transformation worked effectively through chorus and the orchestra. In Movement III (Allegretto) the harmonic chromaticism was modified and applied as the symbolic icon of the entire movement. The transparence of Isan cultural sound was perfectly designed to be the highlight of this spectacular episode. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isan" title="Isan">Isan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symphonic%20variations" title=" symphonic variations"> symphonic variations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chorus" title=" chorus"> chorus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orchestra" title=" orchestra"> orchestra</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13849/isan-symphonic-variations-for-chorus-and-orchestra" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> 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