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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" > <HTML>  <head>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-TGK4SMV');</script>  <title>Helianthus in Flora of North America @ efloras.org</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href='/templates/eflora.css' /> <script src="JavaScript/eflora.js" type="text/javascript" ></script> </head>  <body> <TABLE id="TableMain" cellSpacing="1" cellPadding="1" width="640" border="0"> <TR> <TD> <script language="javascript"> function jsClearTextBox(sender) { // alert(formSearchBox["name_str"].id); // alert(sender.value); if (sender.value == "taxon name") { sender.value = ""; } } </script> <table id="ucEfloraHeader_tableHeaderWrapper" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"> <tr> <TD style="WIDTH: 479px"><a id="ucEfloraHeader_linkFloraHome" title="Flora Homepage" href="flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1"><img src="images/flora/eflora-logo-1.gif" id="ucEfloraHeader_imageLogo" border="0" alt="Link to Flora of North America home" /> </a></TD> <TD valign="bottom" align="right"> <div id="ucEfloraHeader_panelSearchBox">  <FORM name="formSearchBox" action="browse.aspx" method="get"> <TABLE borderColor="#ccffcc" cellSpacing="0" cellPadding="2" width="200" border="1"> <TR> <TD> <INPUT TYPE='Hidden' NAME='flora_id' ' id='flora_id' VALUE='1' >  <input id=name_str name=name_str   value='' class=small title='Use % as the wildcard (e.g. pinus % or pinus a%)' onfocus='jsClearTextBox(this);' accessKey=s size=15> <input class=small type=submit value=Search name=btnSearch> <input name=chkAllFloras type=checkbox > All Floras      <A HREF='search_page.aspx?flora_id=1' TARGET='_top' class='a.link.small'>Advanced Search</A> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> </FORM>  </div> </TD> </tr> </table> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD id="tdSubHeader"> <table id="FooterTableOut" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#999999"><img src="~/images/layout/dot.gif" alt="" width="100%" height="1"></td> </tr> <tr> <TD> <table bgcolor="#ffffcc" id="footerTable" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td style="WIDTH: 291px">FNA Vol. 21 Page 51, 136, 141, 148, 149, 157, 170</td> <TD align="right"> <a target='_top' href='/login.aspx'>Login</a> | <A HREF='/index.aspx' TARGET='_top' >eFloras Home</A> | <A HREF='/help_page.aspx' TARGET='_top' >Help</A></TD> </tr> </table> </TD> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#999999"><img src="~/images/layout/dot.gif" alt="" width="100%" height="1"></td> </tr> </table> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD id="tdBody"> <table id="tableBody" cellSpacing="0" cellPadding="0" width="100%" border="0"> <tr> <td id="tdLeftBar" valign="top" width="0"></td> <td id="tdContent" vAlign="top" width="1930"> <table width="100%" border="0"> <tr> <td vAlign="top"> <table id="tableTaxonChain" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%" border="0"> <tr> <td><A HREF='flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1' TARGET='_top' TITLE='Flora homepage' >FNA</A> | <A HREF='browse.aspx?flora_id=1' TARGET='_top' >Family List</A> | <A HREF='volume_page.aspx?volume_id=1021&flora_id=1' TARGET='_top' >FNA Vol. 21</A> | <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10074' TARGET='_top' >Asteraceae</A> <A HREF='browse.aspx?flora_id=1&start_taxon_id=10074' TARGET='_top' TITLE='lower taxa' ><img border='0' src='images/layout/icon-list.gif'></A></td> </tr> </table> <div id="panelTaxonTreatment">  299. Helianthus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 904. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 386. 1754. Sunflower, tournesol [Greek helios, sun, and anthos, flower, alluding to heads] Edward E. Schilling Annuals or perennials, (5–)20–300(–500) cm. Stems erect or ascending to decumbent or pro-cumbent, usually branched distally. Leaves basal and/or cauline; opposite, or opposite (proximal) and alternate, or alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades usually 3-nerved (1-nerved in H. eggertii, H. smithii, and H. maximiliani), mostly deltate, lance-linear, lanceolate, lance-ovate, linear, or ovate, bases cordate to narrowly cuneate, margins usually entire or serrate, rarely lobed, faces glabrous or hairy, often gland-dotted. Heads usually radiate (sometimes discoid in H. radula), borne singly or in ± corymbiform, paniculiform, or spiciform arrays. Involucres usually ± hemispheric, sometimes campanulate or cylindric, 5–40+(–200+ in cultivars) mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 11–40(–100+ in cultivars) in 2–3+ series (subequal to unequal). Receptacles flat to slightly convex (conic in H. porteri), paleate (paleae ± conduplicate, usually rectangular-oblong, usually ± 3-toothed, sometimes entire, apices sometimes reddish or purplish). Ray florets usually 5–30+(–100+ in cultivars), rarely 0, neuter; corollas usually yellow. Disc florets (15–)30–150+(–1000+ in cultivars), bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow or reddish (at least distally), tubes shorter than campanulate throats, lobes 5, triangular (style branches slender, appendages ± attenuate). Cypselae (usually purplish black, sometimes mottled) ± obpyramidal, ± compressed (glabrous, glabrate, or ± hairy); pappi 0 (H. porteri), or readily falling, of 2(–3) usually lanceolate, aristate, or erose scales (at the 2 principal angles, 1–5 mm) plus 0–8 usually shorter scales (0.2–2 mm). x = 17. Species 52, including 1 hybrid (52 in the flora): North America, Mexico; introduced in the Old World. The identification of sunflower species has long been problematic. C. B. Heiser et al. (1969) felt that the greatest contribution of their sustained efforts to understand sunflower taxonomy was not providing an easy way to identify sunflowers but rather an explanation for why they are so difficult. Taxonomic difficulties are based on a combination of factors, notably developmental and ecologic plasticity, the frequency of interspecific hybridization, and the presence of polyploidy. L. H. Rieseberg (1991) and Rieseberg et al. (1988, 1990) have subsequently documented the presence of species of homoploid hybrid origin to add to the complexity. The keys in this treatment have been modified somewhat with observations of features that require microscopic observation, such as the distribution of glands (sometimes referred to as "resin dots") and the color of anther appendages; they still are based heavily on those of Heiser et al. There will still be specimens, of hybrid origin or growing in unusual conditions or incompletely collected, that defy certain placement into a single species. The taxonomic rank of certain taxa is also problematic, and for the most part the treatment of Heiser et al. has been followed, with relatively few exceptions. With the exception of Helianthus ×laetiflorus, which is widespread and commonly encountered away from either parental species, hybrids are not treated as separate entities. Helianthus verticillatus has been verified as a distinct entity, unlikely to be simply a hybrid. Whether H. praetermissus E. Watson, which continues to be known only from a single fragmentary specimen, represents a distinct species or an anomalous collection is still uncertain; it has not been included here. SELECTED REFERENCES Heiser, C. B. 1976. The Sunflower. Norman. Heiser, C. B., D. M. Smith, S. Clevenger, and W. C. Martin. 1969. The North American sunflowers (Helianthus). Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 22(3). Rogers, C. E., T. E. Thompson, and G. J. Seiler. 1982. Sunflower Species of the United States. Fargo. Storbeck, T. A. 1984. A Taxonomic Study of Helianthus Series Microcephali and Allied Species. Ph.D. dissertation. Indiana University.  <div id="panelKey"> <table id="tableKey" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%" border="0"> <tr bgcolor="#d5ffff"> <TD width="347"> </TD> <TD nowrap="nowrap" align="right"> </TD> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#f1ffff"> <TD colspan="2"> <TABLE WIDTH='100%' BORDER='0' > <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-1'>1</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Annuals; paleae 3.5–4.6 mm, apices entire (1-toothed); disc corollas 2.8–3.5 mm; pappi 0</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>1 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066895' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus porteri</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Annuals or perennials; paleae 5+ mm, apices usually 3-toothed, sometimes subentire or entire; disc corollas (3–)3.5–8.5 mm; pappi (readily falling) of 2(–3+) scales</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-2'>(2)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-2'>2</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-1'>(1)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Annuals (taprooted; disc corolla lobes reddish and style branches yellow); paleae entire or weakly 3-toothed (apices purplish, abaxial faces glabrous); cypselae glabrous (usu-ally ± tuberculate)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>2 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066867' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus agrestis</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Annuals (taprooted; if disc corolla lobes reddish, style branches also reddish), or perennials (often rhizomatous or with crown buds, sometimes taprooted); paleae entire or ± 3-toothed (apices purplish, greenish, or yellow-brown, abaxial faces glabrous or hairy); cypselae glabrous or hairy (not tuberculate)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-3'>(3)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-3'>3</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-2'>(2)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Annuals or perennials (taprooted); leaves mostly alternate, petiolate (petiole lengths at least 1/5 blades); paleae (at least central ones) either bearded (with apical tufts of whitish hairs) or prominently 3-toothed (middle teeth relatively narrow, lengths 4 or more times width); disc corolla lobes and style branches usually reddish (rarely yellow in H. annuus and H. debilis)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-4'>(4)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Perennials (rhizomatous or with crown buds); leaves opposite or alternate, petiolate or sessile; paleae (at least central) glabrous or ± hispid to puberulent (not bearded) and entire or relatively weakly 3-toothed (if 3-toothed, lengths of middle teeth usually less than 4 times widths); disc corolla lobes yellow or reddish (if reddish, style branches yellow)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-17'>(17)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-4'>4</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-3'>(3)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Plants 100–300 cm; leaf blades (at least larger) 10–40 cm wide, abaxial faces gland-dotted; phyllaries ovate to lance-ovate (larger usually 5–8 mm wide), apices narrowed abruptly (acute to acuminate)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-5'>(5)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Plants mostly 25–200 cm; leaf blades (larger) usually less than 12 cm wide (bases cuneate, truncate, or cordate), abaxial faces sometimes gland-dotted; phyllaries usually lanceolate to lance-ovate (usually less than 4 mm, sometimes to 5 mm, wide), apices narrowed gradually</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-6'>(6)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-5'>5</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-4'>(4)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Stems (leaves, phyllaries) hispid; leaf margins usually serrate</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>3 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200024005' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus annuus (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Stems (leaves, phyllaries) densely silvery white tomentose or floccose; leaf margins usually entire, sometimes serrulate</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>4 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066869' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus argophyllus</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-6'>6</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-4'>(4)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Palea apices (at least central paleae) bearded (with tufts of whitish hairs)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-7'>(7)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Paleae apices glabrous or puberulent to hispid (not bearded)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-10'>(10)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-7'>7</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-6'>(6)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Stems (leaves, phyllaries) densely canescent</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>9 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416637' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus petiolaris (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Stems (leaves, phyllaries) strigillose to hispid</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-8'>(8)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-8'>8</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-7'>(7)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaf blades usually deltate-lanceolate to lanceolate (lengths of larger usually 2+ times widths), bases truncate to cuneate; phyllaryapices relatively short-attenuate</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>9 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416637' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus petiolaris (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaf blades usually lanceolate to deltate-ovate or ovate (lengths of larger usually less than 2 times widths), bases truncate to cordate; phyllary apices relatively short- to long-attenuate</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-9'>(9)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-9'>9</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-8'>(8)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Stems hispid; leaf margins subentire to serrulate; phyllary api-ces relatively long-attenuate (surpassing discs)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>10 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066890' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus neglectus</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Stems hispid to hirsute; leaf margins serrate to serrulate; phyllary apices relatively short-attenuate (scarcely surpassing discs)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>8 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066896' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus praecox (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-10'>10</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-6'>(6)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves abaxially gland-dotted; phyllaries hirsute (paleae: middle teeth notably surpassing, often arching over discs)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-11'>(11)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves sometimes abaxially gland-dotted; phyllaries hairy or glabrous (paleae: middle teeth equaling or slightly surpassing discs)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-12'>(12)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-11'>11</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-10'>(10)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaf blades ovate to lance-ovate, usually serrate (discs, at leastlarger heads, 2+ cm diam.); cypselae 3.5–4.5 mm</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>5 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066872' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus bolanderi</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaf blades lance-linear to lance-ovate, usually entire or subentire(discs usually less than 2 cm diam.); cypselae 2.7–3.5 mm</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>6 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066880' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus exilis</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-12'>12</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-10'>(10)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Phyllaries densely white-canescent</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>11 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066891' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus niveus (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Phyllaries glabrous or sparsely hispid to hispidulous</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-13'>(13)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-13'>13</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-12'>(12)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaf blades (at least proximal) usually ovate or deltate, bases usually cordate to truncate (sometimes widely cuneate in H. debilis subsp. debilis); cypselae 2.5–3 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-14'>(14)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaf blades lanceolate to lance-ovate, bases cuneate; cypselae 3–9 mm, glabrous or villous to pilose</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-15'>(15)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-14'>14</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-13'>(13)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaf blades deltate-ovate, lance-ovate, or ovate (not constricted near middles, gradually tapering to apices); phyllaries 8–17 × 1–3 mm, apices acute to relatively long-acuminate</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>7 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066877' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus debilis</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaf blades deltate to ovate (sometimes constricted near middles); phyllaries 9–15 × 2–4 mm, apices relatively short-acuminate to short-attenuate</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>8 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066896' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus praecox (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-15'>15</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-13'>(13)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Phyllaries 17–33 mm (greatly surpassing discs, margins notably ciliate); cypselae 4.6–9 mm</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>12 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066868' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus anomalus</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Phyllaries 6–19 mm (equaling or slightly surpassing discs, margins not notably ciliate); cypselae 3–5 mm</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-16'>(16)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-16'>16</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-15'>(15)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Stems densely hispid; cypselae 4–5 mm, pilose; pappi usually of 2 linear scales 1.6–2.5 mm plus 2–4 linear or ovate scales 05.1–1 mm</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>13 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066878' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus deserticola</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Stems glabrate or ± hispid; cypselae 3–4 mm, glabrous; pappi usually of 2 lanceolate scales 2.5–2.9 mm</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>14 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066893' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus paradoxus</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-17'>17</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-3'>(3)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves (at flowering) mostly or all basal (cauline leaves abruptly smaller)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-18'>(18)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves (at flowering) mostly cauline (not abruptly smaller distally)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-25'>(25)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-18'>18</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-17'>(17)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Ray florets 0 or 2–8, laminae 1–2(–10) mm (inconspicuous, often tinged reddish)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>16 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066898' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus radula</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Ray florets 8–13(–25), laminae (7–)10–40 mm (yellow)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-19'>(19)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-19'>19</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-18'>(18)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Stems (and leaves) usually glabrous; disc corolla lobes yellow</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-20'>(20)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Stems (and leaves) usually hispid or hirsute to scabrous; disc corolla lobes yellow or reddish</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-21'>(21)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-20'>20</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-19'>(19)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Heads usually borne singly; phyllaries 8–16 × 3–5 mm</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>17 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066874' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus carnosus</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Heads 3–12; phyllaries 5–11 × 1–2.5 mm</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>18 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066888' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus longifolius</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-21'>21</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-19'>(19)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Phyllaries lanceolate (the larger 1.5–2.5 mm wide); abaxial faces of leaves (and usually ray laminae) notably gland-dotted; disc co rolla lobes yellow; cypselae 3–5 mm</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>29 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416636' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus occidentalis (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Phyllaries lanceolate to ovate (the larger 3+ mm wide); abaxial faces usually not gland-dotted (if gland-dotted, cypselae 5–6 mm); disc corolla lobes reddish or yellow</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-22'>(22)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-22'>22</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-21'>(21)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves mostly basal (cauline relatively few, narrowly lanceolate to linear); phyllary apices acute to accuminate</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>15 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066885' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus heterophyllus</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves mostly basal or basal and cauline (at least proximal 1–2 cauline pairs well developed, mostly lanceolate, rhombic-ovate, or ovate, similar to basal leaves); phyllary apices usually obtuse to acute, sometimes mucronate</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-23'>(23)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-23'>23</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-22'>(22)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Perennials (rhizomatous); leaf blades lance-linear, lance-ovate, oblong-lanceolate, or rhombic-ovate, bases cuneate (onto winged petioles); cypselae 5–6 mm</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>30 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066894' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus pauciflorus (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Perennials (with crown buds); leaf blades broadly lanceolate, ovate, or suborbiculate, bases cuneate, rounded, or truncate (usually abruptly contracted onto winged petioles); cypselae 2.8–4 mm</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-24'>(24)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-24'>24</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-23'>(23)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves (at least basal) lanceolate to ovate (hairs on abaxial midribs 1+ mm); cauline leaves to 8 pairs proximal to heads; nonflowering stems usually absent</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>19 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066871' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus atrorubens</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves (at least basal) ovate to suborbiculate (hairs on abaxial midribs to 1 mm); cauline leaves 9+ pairs proximal to heads; nonflowering stems usually present</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>20 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416640' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus silphioides (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-25'>25</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-17'>(17)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Disc corolla lobes reddish( at least at tips)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-26'>(26)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Disc corolla lobes yellow</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-35'>(35)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-26'>26</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-25'>(25)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaf blades lanceolate, lance-linear, or linear (lengths usually 10+ times widths)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-27'>(27)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaf blades deltate, deltate-ovate, lanceolate, lance-ovate, or linear (lengths seldom more than 5 times widths)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-29'>(29)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-27'>27</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-26'>(26)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Stems glabrous (glaucous); leaf margins entire (flat)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>40 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416639' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus salicifolius</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Stems usually hairy; leaf margins entire (± revolute)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-28'>(28)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-28'>28</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-27'>(27)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Plants 50–150 cm (rhizomes absent or poorly developed); leaves 8–15 × 0.15–0.5(–1) cm</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>37 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416628' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus angustifolius (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Plants 150–260 cm (rhizomes well developed); leaves 9–22 × 0.7–4 cm</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>38 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066901' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus simulans (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-29'>29</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-26'>(26)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves sessile or nearly so, margins often irregularly toothed or lobed; ray laminae 8–11 mm</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-30'>(30)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves petiolate to subsessile, margins entire or serrate; ray laminae 15–37 mm</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-31'>(31)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-30'>30</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-29'>(29)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Plants 50–120 cm; stems glabrate to strigose or hispid; leaves (green orgrayish, not bluish green) hispid</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>51 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066886' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus laciniatus</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Plants 40–70 cm; stems glabrous or glabrate (glaucous); leaves (often bluish green) glabrous or glabrate (glaucous)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>52 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066875' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus ciliaris</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-31'>31</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-29'>(29)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Phyllaries oblong, oblong-lanceolate, obovate, or ovate, 3–5 mm wide</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-32'>(32)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Phyllaries lanceolate, 1.5–3 mm wide</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-34'>(34)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-32'>32</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-31'>(31)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaf blades usually broadly ovate to orbiculate, abaxial faces not gland-dotted</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>20 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416640' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus silphioides (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaf blades lance-linear, lanceolate, lance-ovate, oblong-lanceolate, or rhombic-ovate, abaxial faces usually gland-dotted</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-33'>(33)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-33'>33</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-32'>(32)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Phyllaries ovate, apices acute, abaxial faces glabrate to hispid</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>30 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066894' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus pauciflorus (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Phyllaries oblong-lanceolate, apices acuminate, abaxial faces usually hairy</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>31 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250068450' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus ×laetiflorus (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-34'>34</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-31'>(31)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Stems (usually reddish or purplish) hairy; leaves all or mostly opposite; disc corollas 5–6 mm (anthers reddish brown, appendages yellow ordull orange); cypselae 3–4 mm</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>47 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066884' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus gracilentus (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Stems (usually green) hairy; leaves usually opposite or alternate, rarely whorled; disc corollas 4–5 mm (anthers dark brown or black, append-ages dark); cypselae 2.5–3 mm</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>39 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066881' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus floridanus (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-35'>35</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-25'>(25)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Phyllaries ovate to lanceolate, (3–)5–8 mm wide, apices abruptly attenuate (disc corollathroats notably bulbous at bases)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>3 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200024005' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus annuus (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Phyllaries linear to lanceolate or lance-ovate, usually 2–4 mm wide, apices gradually narrowed (disc corolla throats not notably bulbous at bases)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-36'>(36)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-36'>36</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-35'>(35)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Stems glabrous or glabrate (at least proximal to arrays of heads, sometimes glaucous)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-37'>(37)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Stems hairy (± throughout, not glaucous)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-53'>(53)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-37'>37</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-36'>(36)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves usually whorled (3s–6s), sometimes opposite</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>43 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066903' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus verticillatus</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves opposite or alternate (not whorled)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-38'>(38)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-38'>38</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-37'>(37)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves sessile (grayish green or bluish green), abaxial faces glabrous (glaucous)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-39'>(39)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves sessile or petiolate (light to dark green, sometimes whitish abaxially, not grayish or bluish green); abaxial faces glabrous or hairy</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-41'>(41)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-39'>39</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-38'>(38)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Plants 20–30 cm; stems ascending to erect; ray laminae 7–9 mm;disc corollas 3–3.5 mm</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>50 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066870' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus arizonensis</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Plants (30–)100–220 cm; stems erect; ray laminae 15–20 mm; disc corollas 5–7 mm</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-40'>(40)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-40'>40</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-39'>(39)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves: adaxial faces glabrous or glabrate (smooth or slightly rough to touch); phyllaries 2–3 mm wide; rays 5–10</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>25 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066887' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus laevigatus</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves: adaxial faces strumose (rough to touch); phyllaries 3.5–4.5 mm wide; rays 10–18</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>26 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066879' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus eggertii</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-41'>41</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-38'>(38)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaf blades (1-nerved) lance-linear to lanceolate</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>28 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066902' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus smithii</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaf blades (3-nerved) lance-linear, lanceolate, lance-ovate, or ovate</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-42'>(42)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-42'>42</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-41'>(41)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Involucres 5–7 or 8–9 mm diam; rays usually 5 or 8</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-43'>(43)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Involucres (8–)9–28 mm diam.; rays (8–)10–21 (at least in larger heads)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-44'>(44)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-43'>43</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-42'>(42)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves: abaxial faces (whitish) glabrous, not gland-dotted (glaucous)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>23 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066883' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus glaucophyllus</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves: abaxial faces (greenish) usually tomentulose, some-times glabrate, densely gland-dotted</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>35 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416634' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus microcephalus</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-44'>44</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-42'>(42)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Plants (not rhizomatous); phyllaries (paleae and ray laminae) gland-dotted; anthers dull orange or orange-brown, appendages dull orange to yellowish</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-45'>(45)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Plants (rhizomatous); phyllaries sometimes gland-dotted; anthers usually dark brown to black, rarely reddish brown, appendages yellow, or dark or reddish brown</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-46'>(46)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-45'>45</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-44'>(44)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Perennials (with crown buds); phyllaries 4–8 mm</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>47 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066884' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus gracilentus (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Perennials (taproots stout, parsniplike); phyllaries 11–18 mm</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>48 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066876' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus cusickii (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-46'>46</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-44'>(44)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves sessile (3-nerved from bases), bases rounded to cordate</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>21 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416630' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus divaricatus</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves sessile or petiolate (3-nerved distal to bases), bases ± cuneate (narrowing gradually)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-47'>(47)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-47'>47</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-46'>(46)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Anther appendages yellow</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-48'>(48)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Anther appendages dark or reddish brown</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-50'>(50)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-48'>48</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-47'>(47)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves petiolate (petioles 2.5–10 cm, lengths 1/2+ blades), blades oblong-lanceolate or elliptic to ovate; phyllaries usually appressed, strongly un-equal, not surpassing discs</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>29 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416636' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus occidentalis (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves petiolate or sessile (petioles 05–1.5 or 1–5 cm, lengths usually less than 1/4 blades), blades lanceolate to lance-ovate; phyllaries usually loose, spreading, ± subequal</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-49'>(49)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-49'>49</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-48'>(48)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves: petioles (1–)2–5 cm, blades 10–32 × (1.2–)4–9 cm, margins coarsely serrate</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>42 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416631' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus grosseserratus</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves: petioles 0.5–1.5 cm, blades 4–20 × 0.8–4 cm, margins entire or shallowly serrate</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>45 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066892' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus nuttallii (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-50'>50</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-47'>(47)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Peduncles (gland-dotted); phyllaries (strongly reflexed) 3–5 mm wide (notably surpassing discs), gland-dotted</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>46 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066873' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus californicus</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Peduncles (not gland-dotted); phyllaries (sometimes reflexed) to 3 mm wide (sometimes surpassing discs), sometimes gland-dotted</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-51'>(51)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-51'>51</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-50'>(50)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Plants 100–200(–300) cm (producing tubers); leaves sessile or subsessile (petioles 0–1 cm)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>36 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066900' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus schweinitzii (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Plants 60–200 cm (not producing tubers); leaves petiolate (petioles 1–5 cm)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-52'>(52)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-52'>52</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-51'>(51)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves: petioles 1–3 cm, blades moderately serrate or entire, abaxial faces usually densely gland-dotted; phyllaries (equaling or slightly surpassing discs):apices acute</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>27 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416641' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus strumosus</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves: petioles 2–5 cm, blades (at least larger leaves) moderately to notably serrate, abaxial faces usually sparsely gland-dotted; phyllaries (at least longer, usually surpassing discs, by 1/2+ their lengths): apices acuminate</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>24 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416629' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus decapetalus</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-53'>53</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-36'>(36)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves all or mostly opposite, sessile, bases cordate</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>34 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416635' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus mollis</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves opposite or alternate, petiolate or sessile, bases mostly cuneate (not cordate)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-54'>(54)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-54'>54</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-53'>(53)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaf blades lanceolate to ovate (bases gradually narrowed onto petioles); phyllaries (squarrose to reflexed, notably surpassing discs): apices attenuate, abaxial faces densely gland-dotted (at least toward apices)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>33 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066899' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus resinosus</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaf blades lance-linear or lanceolate (and bases attenuate to truncate or rounded), or lance-ovate to ovate (and sessile or petioles narrowly winged); phyllaries (not reflexed): apices acute to attenuate, abaxial faces sometimes gland-dotted</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-55'>(55)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-55'>55</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-54'>(54)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Perennials (taproots parsniplike); anthers and appendages usually dull orange or orange-brown, sometimes yellowish</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>48 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066876' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus cusickii (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Perennials (rhizomatous or with crown buds or slightly thickened taproots); anthers dark brown or black, appendages dark brown or black, or yellow.</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-56'>(56)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-56'>56</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-55'>(55)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaf blades (usually 1-nerved, conduplicate) entire; heads (1–)3–15 (borne singly or inracemiform or spiciform arrays)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>44 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066889' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus maximiliani</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaf blades (3-nerved, not conduplicate) entire or serrate; heads (1–)3–16 (borne singly or in ± corymbiform, not racemiform or spiciform arrays)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-57'>(57)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-57'>57</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-56'>(56)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Perennials (taprooted); leaves all or mostly opposite, both faces gland-dotted (phyllar-ies, paleae, and ray laminae as well)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>49 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066897' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus pumilus</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Perennials (rhizomatous or with crown buds); leaves opposite or alternate, abaxial faces sometimes (adaxial never) gland-dotted (abaxial faces of phyllaries, paleae, and ray laminae sometimes gland-dotted)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-58'>(58)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-58'>58</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-57'>(57)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Phyllaries usually appressed, strongly unequal</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-59'>(59)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Phyllaries usually loose or spreading, ± subequal</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-60'>(60)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-59'>59</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-58'>(58)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Petioles 2.5–10 cm (lengths usually 1/2+ blades); leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, ovate, or elliptic; anther appendages yellow; cypselae 3–4 mm</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>29 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416636' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus occidentalis (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Petioles 1–5 cm (lengths usually less than 1/2 blades); leaf blades lanceolate to lance-ovate ; anther appendages dark brown or black; cypselae (seldom formed)4–5 mm</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>31 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250068450' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus ×laetiflorus (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-60'>60</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-58'>(58)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves petiolate, petioles 2–8 cm; blades lanceolate to ovate, 7–15 cm wide; cypselae 5–7 mm (plants producing tubers, late in growing season)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>32 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200024006' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus tuberosus</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves sessile or petiolate, petioles 0–2 cm; blades elliptic, lance-linear, lanceolate, lance-ovate, linear, or ovate, 0.15–4(–8) cm wide; cypselae 2–5 cm (plants sometimes producing tubers)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-61'>(61)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-61'>61</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-60'>(60)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves petiolate, blade bases truncate to rounded</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>22 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416632' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus hirsutus</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves petiolate or sessile, blade bases cuneate (gradually narrowing)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-62'>(62)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-62'>62</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-61'>(61)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaf margins entire or subentire to serrulate (± flat); ray laminae not gland-dotted</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-63'>(63)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaf margins entire or subentire to serrulate (usually revolute); ray laminae gland-dotted abaxially</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-64'>(64)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-63'>63</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-62'>(62)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Stems (usually reddish) erect; leaves subsessile or petiolate (petioles 0–1.2 cm, ciliate), abaxial faces scabrous or ± hirsute; antherappendages dark brown or black</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>41 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066882' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus giganteus</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Stems (usually yellow-brown or greenish) erect; leaves petiolate (petioles 0.5–1.5 cm, not ciliate), abaxial faces hispid to villous or tomentose; anther appendages yellow</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>45 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066892' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus nuttallii (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-64'>64</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-62'>(62)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Involucres 9–10(–16) mm diam. (plants producing tubers)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>36 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066900' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus schweinitzii (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Involucres (7–)10–20 mm diam. (plants not producing tubers)</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-65'>(65)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-65'>65</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-64'>(64)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves lanceolate to elliptic or lance-ovate (lengths rarely more than 5 times widths), margins entire or serrulate (revolute and/or undulate); phyllary apices (at least outer) usually obtuse</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>39 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066881' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus floridanus (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Leaves lanceolate to linear (lengths more than 5 times widths), margins entire or subentire (not notably undulate); phyllary apices (at least outer) acute to acuminate</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP><A HREF='#KEY-1-66'>(66)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> <td > </td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP><A NAME='KEY-1-66'>66</A> <A HREF='#KEY-1-65'>(65)</A></td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Plants 50–150+ cm (rhizomes absent or poorly developed); leaves 0.15–0.5(–1) cm wide</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>37 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416628' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus angustifolius (in part)</A></td> </TR> <TR > <td WIDTH=50 NOWRAP VALIGN=TOP>+</td> <td WIDTH=400 VALIGN=TOP>Plants 150–260 cm (rhizomes well developed); leaves 0.7–4 cm wide</td> <td > </td> <td VALIGN=TOP NOWRAP>38 <A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066901' TARGET='_top' >Helianthus simulans (in part)</A></td> </TR> </TABLE> </TD> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#d5ffff"> <TD colspan="2"> </TD> </tr> </table> </div> <li name='liLinkToLowerList'><A HREF='browse.aspx?flora_id=1&start_taxon_id=114871' TARGET='_top' TITLE='lower taxa' >List of lower taxa</A>   </div> <div id="panelTaxonLinks">   <table id="tableLinkList" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%" border="1"> <tr bgcolor="#ffffcc"> <TD>Related Links (opens in a new window)</TD> </tr> <tr> <TD> Treatments in Other Floras @ www.efloras.org<ul> <li><A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=110&taxon_id=114871' TARGET='_top' TITLE='treatment in Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal' >Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal</A><li><A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=3&taxon_id=114871' TARGET='_top' TITLE='treatment in Chinese Plant Names' >Chinese Plant Names</A><li><A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=114871' TARGET='_top' TITLE='treatment in Flora of China' >Flora of China</A><li><A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=11&taxon_id=114871' TARGET='_top' TITLE='treatment in Flora of Missouri' >Flora of Missouri</A><li><A HREF='florataxon.aspx?flora_id=101&taxon_id=114871' TARGET='_top' TITLE='treatment in Flora of Taiwan Checklist' >Flora of Taiwan Checklist</A></ul> Other Databases <ul> <li><A HREF='http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_pick?name=Helianthus' TARGET='FLORA_LINK' TITLE='W3TROPICOS' >W3TROPICOS</A> <li><A HREF='http://www.ipni.org/ipni/IpniServlet?family=&infrafamily=&genus=Helianthus&infragenus=&species=&infraspecies=&author_abbrev=&publication_title=&is_apni_record=on&is_gci_record=on&is_ik_record=on&include_authors=on&include_basionym_authors=on&query_type=by_query' TARGET='FLORA_LINK' TITLE='IPNI' >IPNI</A> <li><A HREF='http://ravenel.si.edu/botany/ing//INGsearch.cfm?searchWord=Helianthus' TARGET='FLORA_LINK' TITLE='ING' >ING Genus Search</A></ul> </TD> </tr> </table> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>   </td> </tr> </table> </td> <TD id="tdRightBar" valign="top"></TD> </tr> </table> </TD> <tr> <td> <table id="SubHeaderTableOut" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#999999"><img src="~/images/layout/dot.gif" alt="" width="100%" height="1"></td> </tr> <tr> <TD> <table bgcolor="#99cc99" id="SubHeaderTable" width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <TD align="center" bgColor="#ffffcc">  |  <a id="ucEfloraFooter_linkHome" href="index.aspx" target="_top">eFlora Home</a> |  <a id="ucEfloraFooter_linkPeopleSearch" href="person_search.aspx" target="_top">People Search</a>  |  <a id="ucEfloraFooter_linkHelp" href="help_page.aspx" target="_top">Help</a>  |  <a id="ucEfloraFooter_linkActKey" href="http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/ActKey" target="_top">ActKey</a>  |  <a id="ucEfloraFooter_Hyperlink2" href="http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/HuCards/" target="_top">Hu Cards</a>  |  <a id="ucEfloraFooter_Hyperlink1" href="glossary.aspx" target="_top">Glossary</a>  |  </TD> </tr> </table> </TD> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#999999"><img src="~/images/layout/dot.gif" alt="" width="100%" height="1"></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </TABLE> </body> </HTML>