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class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-General_description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>General description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Using_templates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Using_templates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Using templates</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Using_templates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Using templates subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Using_templates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>General</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parameters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parameters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Parameters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parameters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Whitespace_handling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whitespace_handling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Whitespace handling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whitespace_handling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variable_length_parameter_lists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variable_length_parameter_lists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Variable length parameter lists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variable_length_parameter_lists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Examples_with_parameters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples_with_parameters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Examples with parameters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples_with_parameters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hints_and_workarounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hints_and_workarounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Hints and workarounds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hints_and_workarounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing_templates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing_templates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Writing templates</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Writing_templates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Writing templates subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Writing_templates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Process</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Creating" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creating"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Creating</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creating-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modifying" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modifying"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Modifying</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modifying-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deleting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deleting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Deleting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deleting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coding_a_template" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coding_a_template"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Coding a template</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coding_a_template-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metatemplates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metatemplates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Metatemplates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metatemplates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Handling_parameters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Handling_parameters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Handling parameters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Handling_parameters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Example" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Example"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Example</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Example-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_case:_parameters_within_an_XML-style_opening_tag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_case:_parameters_within_an_XML-style_opening_tag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Special case: parameters within an XML-style opening tag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_case:_parameters_within_an_XML-style_opening_tag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caution:_overextending_URLs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caution:_overextending_URLs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>Caution: overextending URLs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caution:_overextending_URLs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-System_variables_and_conditional_logic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#System_variables_and_conditional_logic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>System variables and conditional logic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-System_variables_and_conditional_logic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nesting_templates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nesting_templates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Nesting templates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nesting_templates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inclusion_control:_noinclude,_includeonly,_and_onlyinclude" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inclusion_control:_noinclude,_includeonly,_and_onlyinclude"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Inclusion control: noinclude, includeonly, and onlyinclude</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inclusion_control:_noinclude,_includeonly,_and_onlyinclude-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Problems_and_workarounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Problems_and_workarounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Problems and workarounds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Problems_and_workarounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Documentation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Documentation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Documentation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Documentation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Categorization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Categorization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Categorization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Categorization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Categorize_pages_by_template_inclusion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Categorize_pages_by_template_inclusion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9.1</span> <span>Categorize pages by template inclusion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Categorize_pages_by_template_inclusion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Categorize_templates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Categorize_templates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9.2</span> <span>Categorize templates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Categorize_templates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aliases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aliases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>Aliases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aliases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Template_limits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Template_limits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Template limits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Template_limits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lua_programming_language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lua_programming_language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Lua programming language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lua_programming_language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Terminology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Terminology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Common_variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Common variations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Template_search" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Template_search"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Template search</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Template_search-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Help_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Help_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Help pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Help_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mediawiki_manual_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mediawiki_manual_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Mediawiki manual pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mediawiki_manual_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Special pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_backend_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_backend_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Other backend pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_backend_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Help</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Template</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 73 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilfe:Vorlage" title="Hilfe:Vorlage – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hilfe:Vorlage" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8" title="مساعدة:قالب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مساعدة:قالب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC:%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%9A" title="সহায়:সাঁচ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সহায়:সাঁচ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A4%D9%85%DA%A9:%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86" title="کؤمک:شابلون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کؤمک:شابلون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF:%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F" title="সাহায্য:টেমপ্লেট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাহায্য:টেমপ্লেট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Вікіпедыя:Механізм шаблонаў – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вікіпедыя:Механізм шаблонаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A6:%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="मदद:टेम्पलेट – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मदद:टेम्पलेट" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Patromo%C3%B9" title="Wikipedia:Patromoù – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Wikipedia:Patromoù" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajuda:Plantilla" title="Ajuda:Plantilla – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ajuda:Plantilla" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:%C5%A0ablony" title="Nápověda:Šablony – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nápověda:Šablony" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:Skabeloner" title="Hjælp:Skabeloner – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hjælp:Skabeloner" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilfe:Vorlagen" title="Hilfe:Vorlagen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hilfe:Vorlagen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomoc:P%C5%9Bed%C5%82ogi" title="Pomoc:Pśedłogi – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Pomoc:Pśedłogi" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juhend:Mall" title="Juhend:Mall – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Juhend:Mall" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CE%AE%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1:%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%84%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF" title="Βοήθεια:Πρότυπο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βοήθεια:Πρότυπο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayuda:Plantillas" title="Ayuda:Plantillas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ayuda:Plantillas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helpo:%C5%9Cablono" title="Helpo:Ŝablono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Helpo:Ŝablono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laguntza:Txantiloiak" title="Laguntza:Txantiloiak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Laguntza:Txantiloiak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%88" title="راهنما:الگو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راهنما:الگو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Mod%C3%A8le" title="Aide:Modèle – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aide:Modèle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axuda:Modelos" title="Axuda:Modelos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Axuda:Modelos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%ED%8B%80" title="도움말:틀 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도움말:틀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1:%D5%8E%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%AE_%D5%88%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%AE/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%B6/%D5%95%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6:%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Վիքիպեդիա:ՎիքիՆախագիծ Ուղեգիծ/Հաքաթոն/Օգնություն:Կաղապար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիքիպեդիա:ՎիքիՆախագիծ Ուղեգիծ/Հաքաթոն/Օգնություն:Կաղապար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE" title="सहायता:साँचा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सहायता:साँचा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomoc:P%C5%99ed%C5%82ohi" title="Pomoc:Předłohi – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Pomoc:Předłohi" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulong:Plantilia" title="Tulong:Plantilia – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Tulong:Plantilia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuan:Templat" title="Bantuan:Templat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bantuan:Templat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hj%C3%A1lp:Sni%C3%B0" title="Hjálp:Snið – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hjálp:Snið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiuto:Template" title="Aiuto:Template – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aiuto:Template" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="עזרה:תבניות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עזרה:תבניות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitulung:Cithakan" title="Pitulung:Cithakan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pitulung:Cithakan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF" title="Жардам:Калып – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жардам:Калып" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxilium:Formulae" title="Auxilium:Formulae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Auxilium:Formulae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%ABllef:Schablounen" title="Hëllef:Schablounen – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Hëllef:Schablounen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagalba:Kaip_naudotis_%C5%A1ablonais" title="Pagalba:Kaip naudotis šablonais – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pagalba:Kaip naudotis šablonais" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="സഹായം:ഫലകം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സഹായം:ഫലകം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%A7ajnuna:Mudell" title="Għajnuna:Mudell – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Għajnuna:Mudell" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF:%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE" title="सहाय्य:साचा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सहाय्य:साचा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8" title="مساعدة:قالب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مساعدة:قالب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuan:Templat" title="Bantuan:Templat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bantuan:Templat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B0%E1%80%A1%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AE:Template" title="အကူအညီ:Template – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အကူအညီ:Template" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Gebruik_van_sjablonen" title="Help:Gebruik van sjablonen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Help:Gebruik van sjablonen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulpe:Mallen" title="Hulpe:Mallen – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Hulpe:Mallen" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E3%83%97%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88" title="Help:テンプレート – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Help:テンプレート" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjelp:Maler" title="Hjelp:Maler – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hjelp:Maler" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajuda:Mod%C3%A8l" title="Ajuda:Modèl – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ajuda:Modèl" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97:%E0%AC%9B%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9E%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9A" title="ସହଯୋଗ:ଛାଞ୍ଚ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସହଯୋଗ:ଛାଞ୍ଚ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D" title="لارښود:کينډۍ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لارښود:کينډۍ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%99:%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC" title="ជំនួយ:ទំព័រគំរូ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ជំនួយ:ទំព័រគំរូ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wat_sinn_dann_Shabloone_joot_f%C3%B6r%3F" title="Wikipedia:Wat sinn dann Shabloone joot för? – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Wikipedia:Wat sinn dann Shabloone joot för?" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajutor:Formate" title="Ajutor:Formate – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ajutor:Formate" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Википедия:Механизм шаблонов – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Википедия:Механизм шаблонов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Templates" title="Help:Templates – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Help:Templates" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Stampa" title="Ndihmë:Stampa – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ndihmë:Stampa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94:Template" title="උදවු:Template – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උදවු:Template" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Help:Template" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%AF:%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%86%D9%88" title="مدد:سانچو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مدد:سانچو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C:%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%95%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%95" title="یارمەتی:داڕێژە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یارمەتی:داڕێژە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%9B:%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Помоћ:Шаблон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Помоћ:Шаблон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomo%C4%87:%C5%A0ablon" title="Pomoć:Šablon – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pomoć:Šablon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohje:Malline" title="Ohje:Malline – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ohje:Malline" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Википедия:Калыплар механизмы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Википедия:Калыплар механизмы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%81%B8%E1%80%BD%E1%82%86%E1%82%88%E1%80%91%E1%82%85%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA:Template" title="လွင်ႈၸွႆႈထႅမ်:Template – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="လွင်ႈၸွႆႈထႅမ်:Template" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82:%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8" title="సహాయం:మూస – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సహాయం:మూస" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A" title="วิธีใช้:แม่แบบ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิธีใช้:แม่แบบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:%C5%9Eablon" title="Yardım:Şablon – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yardım:Şablon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Довідка:Шаблони – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Довідка:Шаблони" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA:%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%86%DB%81" title="معاونت:سانچہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="معاونت:سانچہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juto:Mode%C5%82i" title="Juto:Modełi – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Juto:Modełi" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu" title="Trợ giúp:Bản mẫu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trợ giúp:Bản mẫu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A3:%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="הילף:מוסטער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="הילף:מוסטער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desteg:Template" title="Desteg:Template – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Desteg:Template" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF" title="Help:模板 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Help:模板" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4168710#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For lists of commonly used templates, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index" title="Wikipedia:Template index">WP:Template index</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a quick introduction to templates, see <a href="/wiki/Help:A_quick_guide_to_templates" title="Help:A quick guide to templates">Help:A quick guide to templates</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"H:T" redirects here. For help regarding tables, see <a href="/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Help:Table</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Wikipedia:Template" redirects here. For content guidelines, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Wikipedia:Template namespace</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/30px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/45px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/60px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><b>This help page is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace#Wikipedia_how-to_and_information_pages" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">how-to guide</a>.</b><br/><div style="font-size: 90%;">It explains concepts or processes used by the Wikipedia community. 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .help-box{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .help-box .sidebar-heading{background:#082849}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks help-box noprint plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wikitext</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Cheatsheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">All wikitext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup" title="Help:Sound file markup">Sound files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup" title="Help:Visual file markup">Visual files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Tables</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Templates</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:A_quick_guide_to_templates" title="Help:A quick guide to templates">(quick guide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">Using HTML codes within wikitext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pipe_trick" title="Help:Pipe trick">Pipe trick</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikitext_navbox" title="Template:Wikitext navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikitext_navbox" title="Template talk:Wikitext navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikitext_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikitext navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>template</b> is a Wikipedia page created to be included in other pages. Templates usually contain repetitive material that might need to show up on a larger number of articles or pages. They are commonly used for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Glossary#Boilerplate_text" title="Wikipedia:Glossary">boilerplate</a> messages, standardized warnings or notices, <a href="/wiki/Help:Infobox" title="Help:Infobox">infoboxes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Navbox" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Navbox">navigational boxes</a>, and similar purposes. Templates can have parameters so that the same page generates different text on multiple pages that include it. </p><p>The most common method of inclusion is called <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transclusion</a>, where the wiki source of the target page contains a reference to the template, using the <code>{{<var style="padding-right: 1px;">Template name</var>}}</code> syntax. Another method is <a href="/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">substitution</a>, where the content of the template is copied into the wiki source of the target page, just once, when it is saved. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Help:A_quick_guide_to_templates" title="Help:A quick guide to templates">Help:A quick guide to templates</a> gives a brief introduction to the subject. There is further help from MediaWiki and Wikimedia at <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Templates" class="extiw" title="mw:Help:Templates">mw:Help:Templates</a>, <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Template" class="extiw" title="m:Help:Template">m:Help:Template</a>, and <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Advanced_templates" class="extiw" title="m:Help:Advanced templates">m:Help:Advanced templates</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="General_description" data-mw-thread-id="h-General_description"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-General_description"></span>General description<span data-mw-comment-end="h-General_description"></span></h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Introduction_to_templates_on_Wikipedia.webm/220px--Introduction_to_templates_on_Wikipedia.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="477" data-mwtitle="Introduction_to_templates_on_Wikipedia.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Introduction_to_templates_on_Wikipedia.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Introduction_to_templates_on_Wikipedia.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="640" data-height="480"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/Introduction_to_templates_on_Wikipedia.webm/Introduction_to_templates_on_Wikipedia.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/Introduction_to_templates_on_Wikipedia.webm/Introduction_to_templates_on_Wikipedia.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/Introduction_to_templates_on_Wikipedia.webm/Introduction_to_templates_on_Wikipedia.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/Introduction_to_templates_on_Wikipedia.webm/Introduction_to_templates_on_Wikipedia.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/Introduction_to_templates_on_Wikipedia.webm/Introduction_to_templates_on_Wikipedia.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360"/><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIntroduction_to_templates_on_Wikipedia.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr"/><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIntroduction_to_templates_on_Wikipedia.webm&lang=th&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="th" label="ไทย ‪(th)‬" data-dir="ltr"/></video></span><figcaption>A basic overview of how templates work (8-minute video)</figcaption></figure> <p>Most templates are in the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">template namespace</a>, which means that they have titles in the form "Template:<var style="padding-right: 1px;">XXXX</var>". It is possible, however, to transclude and substitute from any namespace,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and so some template pages are placed in other namespaces, such as the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">user namespace</a>. Template pages have associated <a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">talk pages</a>. </p><p>Templates can contain any desired <a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">wikitext</a>, including calls to other templates. There is some programming ability: customizable values (via <a href="#Parameters">parameters</a>); calculation and branchings (using <a href="/wiki/Help:Parser_functions" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Parser functions">parser functions</a>); and access to wiki-specific variables (<a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">magic words</a>), such as dates, times, and page names. They may also contain markup to define certain parts of the page to be included while other parts are not. This means that when you display the template page itself, you may see more than when you display a page that includes it (for example, it can contain documentation, categories, etc. for the template). </p><p>To call a template (cause it to be <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> or <a href="/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">substituted</a> in the page), a page contains wikitext in double braces. For example, the wikitext <code>{{under construction}}</code> calls the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Under_construction" title="Template:Under construction">under construction</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template. Sometimes the call includes parameters and looks like <code>{{under construction|comment=This is a comment}}</code>. Note that template calls are not the only thing for which double braces are used in wikitext. </p><p>Note that while templates are the usual way transclusion and substitution happen on Wikipedia, they are not the only way. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Using_templates" data-mw-thread-id="h-Using_templates"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Using_templates"></span>Using templates<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Using_templates"></span></h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General" data-mw-thread-id="h-General-Using_templates"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-General-Using_templates"></span>General<span data-mw-comment-end="h-General-Using_templates"></span></h3></div> <p>Using a template is similar to calling a <a href="/wiki/Function_(computer_programming)" title="Function (computer programming)">function</a> in programming. When called, it returns a value. For a template, calling is known as a <i>template call</i> and the return value is known as the <i>expansion</i> of the template, which is treated as part of the calling page's source. Like functions, some templates can take parameters that affect their output. </p><p>Calling a template causes it to be either <i>transcluded</i> or <i>substituted</i> in the page that calls it (the <i>target page</i>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion">Transcluding</a> a template means that when MediaWiki <em>displays</em> the page, it treats the template as if it were directly in the page’s source. <a href="/wiki/Substitutionary_atonement" title="Substitutionary atonement">Substituting</a> a template differs in that it inserts the content of the template permanently into the target page when it is <em>saved</em> and subsequent editors cannot tell that it originated from a template. </p><p>When you update a template, every page that transcludes it automatically reflects the update when the page is displayed in the future, whereas updating a template has no effect on pages that have previously been saved with the template substituted. </p><p>To transclude a template, insert <code>{{<var style="padding-right: 1px;">Template name</var>}}</code> at the point where it should appear in the page source. To substitute it, use <code>{{subst:<var style="padding-right: 1px;">Template name</var>}}</code>. This wikitext is called a <i>template call</i>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Wiki_software" title="Wiki software">wiki software</a> that Wikipedia uses, <a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words#Variables" title="Help:Magic words">variables</a> are distinct from templates, though both are referenced by double <a href="/wiki/Curly_brackets" class="mw-redirect" title="Curly brackets">curly braces</a> <code>{{ }}</code> and they both return a value. These references differ in that variables in MediaWiki are always uppercase, while template names follow the same conventions and have the same <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NCHASHTAG" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NCHASHTAG">limitations</a> as <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Page names">page names</a>. For example, they are <a href="/wiki/Case_sensitivity" title="Case sensitivity">case-sensitive</a> (except for the first character), <a href="/wiki/Underscore" title="Underscore">underscores</a> are parsed as spaces, and template names cannot contain the characters <code># < > [ ] | { }</code> because they are reserved for <a href="/wiki/Wiki_markup" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiki markup">wiki markup</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Number_sign" title="Number sign">number sign</a> <code>#</code> is used as a <a href="/wiki/URI_fragment" title="URI fragment">fragment identifier</a>, which identifies a <em>fragment</em> or <a href="/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">section</a> of a page. Although you can use it in a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:LINK" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:LINK">link</a> to link to a section of a template page (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Template:Portal#Example" title="Template:Portal">Template:Portal#Example</a>), fragment identifiers have no meaning in a template call and are ignored. For example, <code>{{Portal<var style="padding-right: 1px;">#Location</var>|Books}}</code> is the same as <code>{{Portal|Books}}</code>. </p><p>The template namespace is the default, so you can leave out the namespace <code>Template:</code> in the template name, and it is conventional to do so. However, you must specify the namespace prefix for templates in other namespaces, such as <code>User:</code>. To transclude a page in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:MAINSPACE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:MAINSPACE">mainspace</a>, precede its page name with a colon, as <code>{{:<var style="padding-right: 1px;">Page name</var>}}</code>. </p><p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_information_vote.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="information" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Symbol_information_vote.svg/18px-Symbol_information_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Symbol_information_vote.svg/27px-Symbol_information_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Symbol_information_vote.svg/36px-Symbol_information_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"/></a></span><b> Note:</b> Attempting to transclude a template that does not exist produces a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Red_link" title="Wikipedia:Red link">red link</a>, just like linking to any other nonexistent page. Following the link allows one to create that particular template. It is not possible to transclude templates between projects (such as different-language Wikipedias or MediaWiki) – to use a template on another language project, a copy of the template must be created in that project. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parameters" data-mw-thread-id="h-Parameters-Using_templates"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Parameters-Using_templates"></span>Parameters<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Parameters-Using_templates"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This section is about template parameters. For search parameters, see <a href="/wiki/Help:Searching#Parameters" title="Help:Searching">Help:Searching § Parameters</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion#Template_parameters" title="Help:Transclusion">Help:Transclusion § Template parameters</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="H:PARAMETER"></span><span id="WP:PARAMETER"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:PARAMETER&redirect=no">H:PARAMETER</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:PARAMETER&redirect=no">WP:PARAMETER</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>The basic transclusion syntax for a template can be further controlled using <a href="/wiki/Parameters" class="mw-redirect" title="Parameters">parameters</a>, which allow you to customize a template’s output. The syntax is <code>{{Template name|<i>parameter</i>|<i>parameter</i>|...}}</code>, where <code><var style="padding-right: 1px;">Template name</var></code> is the template’s name, and each <code><var style="padding-right: 1px;">parameter</var></code> can be either a simple value (known as an <i><dfn>unnamed parameter</dfn></i>) or in the form <code><var style="padding-right: 1px;">name</var>=<var style="padding-right: 1px;">value</var></code> (known as a <i><dfn>named parameter</dfn></i>). The first, second, third, etc., unnamed parameters are named <code>1</code>, <code>2</code>, <code>3</code>, etc., so using <code>{{Template name|1=value1|2=value2}}</code> is equivalent to <code>{{Template name|value1|value2}}</code>. </p><p>Each template has specific parameters it can accept, as defined within its code. You can list named parameters in any order in a template call. Extra or misnamed parameters have no effect, while missing parameters cause a default value to be used. If a parameter is repeated, the last defined parameter value is used. </p><p>The value of a parameter can be an <a href="/wiki/Empty_string" title="Empty string">empty string</a>, such as when the pipe (<code>|</code>) or equals sign is followed immediately by the next pipe or the closing braces. For example, <code>{{Template name|1=|2=test}}</code> produces the same output as <code>{{Template name||2=test}}</code>. This is different from not specifying the parameter at all, which results in a default value, although templates are often coded so as to behave the same in both cases. </p><p>If a template call specifies a parameter which is not defined in the template, it has no effect. Editors sometime specify a parameter they know is not defined in the template, For example, editors sometimes include a parameter like <code class="nowrap" style=""><reason></code> to add a brief explanation within the source as a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">hidden comment</a>. (But some templates, such as <a href="/wiki/Template:Requested_move" title="Template:Requested move">Requested move</a>, are programmed to show the reason parameter if provided). Certain templates, especially complex ones like <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Infobox" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Infobox">infoboxes</a>, may use the <a href="/wiki/Module:Check_for_unknown_parameters" title="Module:Check for unknown parameters">check for unknown parameters module</a> to alert editors about any <a href="/wiki/Category:Unknown_parameters" title="Category:Unknown parameters">unrecognized parameters</a> to help avoid unintentional errors. </p><p><br/> If a parameter is specified as blank (e.g., <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|1=</code>), it is treated as an empty string, which differs from leaving it out altogether (in which case the default value applies). However, templates are often coded to act the same in both cases. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Whitespace_handling" data-mw-thread-id="h-Whitespace_handling-Parameters"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Whitespace_handling-Parameters"></span>Whitespace handling<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Whitespace_handling-Parameters"></span></h4></div> <p>Leading and trailing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Whitespace" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Whitespace">whitespace</a> around <em>named</em> parameters and values is trimmed and removed automatically, but spaces in the middle of the value are kept. For instance, <code>{{ ... | myparam = this is a test }}</code> has the same output as <code>{{ ... |myparam=this is a test}}</code>. However, with <em>unnamed</em> parameters, all whitespace is retained as preserved in the output. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Variable_length_parameter_lists" data-mw-thread-id="h-Variable_length_parameter_lists-Parameters"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Variable_length_parameter_lists-Parameters"></span>Variable length parameter lists<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Variable_length_parameter_lists-Parameters"></span></h4></div> <p>In MediaWiki, templates cannot automatically handle an unknown or unlimited number of parameters. Each possible parameter usually has to be predefined in the template code. For example, a template might be set up to use three specific parameters, such as <code>1</code>, <code>2</code>, and <code>3</code>. If someone includes additional parameters beyond those, they will not affect expansion of the template. </p><p>However, there are some ways to work around this: </p> <ul><li>Setting a limit: You can write the template to handle a fixed number of parameters by manually specifying each one (e.g., up to 10 or 20 parameters).</li></ul> <ul><li>Using templates or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">modules</a>: For cases needing a flexible number of inputs, templates can use Lua modules or helper templates (like {{separated entries}}). These helper tools provide more advanced handling, such as counting or iterating through parameters, enabling the use of multiple inputs without setting an exact number.</li></ul> <p>However, modules can bypass this limitation. For simpler cases, the separated entries module expands all sequential parameters and lets you set custom delimiters. For more advanced usage, the params module enables counting, listing, mapping, filtering, and handling a variable number of parameters without prior knowledge of the exact number. </p><p>This workaround allows it to <em>appear</em> as if a template handles a variable number of parameters because the module processes each one iteratively up to a certain point, but true infinite flexibility is not built into the core MediaWiki system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples" data-mw-thread-id="h-Examples-Using_templates"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Examples-Using_templates"></span>Examples<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Examples-Using_templates"></span></h3></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_information_vote.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="information" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Symbol_information_vote.svg/18px-Symbol_information_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Symbol_information_vote.svg/27px-Symbol_information_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Symbol_information_vote.svg/36px-Symbol_information_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"/></a></span><b> Note:</b> If you wish to experiment with any of these, you can use the <a href="/wiki/Template:Template_sandbox" title="Template:Template sandbox">template sandbox</a> or your user page or sandbox. You can try out your template with <a href="/wiki/Special:ExpandTemplates" title="Special:ExpandTemplates">Special:ExpandTemplates</a>. </p><p>An example of a very simple template can be found at <a href="/wiki/Template:TM" title="Template:TM">Template:TM</a>, which expands to wikitext that places the trademark symbol (™), linked to the <a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">trademark</a> article, at that point in the displayed page. A programmer would say that the template "returns" the trademark symbol link wikitext. </p><p>Display <a href="/wiki/Template:TM" title="Template:TM">Template:TM</a> (by clicking on the foregoing link), then click on the "Edit" tab to see the template code (its page source). The active part of that code, which becomes the expansion of the template when it is transcluded, is the single link wikitext <code>[[Trademark|™]]</code>. The remainder of the page source is enclosed between <code class="nowrap"><<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Noinclude,_includeonly,_and_onlyinclude">noinclude</a>></code> tags, so it shows up when you display the template page itself but not when you display a page that calls the template. </p><p>To transclude Template:TM onto another page (i.e., to use it on another page), type <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:TM" title="Template:TM">TM</a>}}</code> into the source of that page (the target page) and click <kbd class="nowrap button" title="This is not a clickable button; it illustrates the button one should find." style="padding:.2em .6em; border:1px solid; border-color:var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) var(--border-color-interactive, #72777d) var(--border-color-interactive, #72777d) var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); border-radius:3px; background-color: #F2F2F2; color: inherit; background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa), var(--background-color-interactive, #eaecf0)); font-family:sans-serif;">Show preview</kbd>. The page will be displayed with the template call replaced by the expansion of the template, as if the wikitext actually contained <code>[[Trademark|™]]</code> at that point. The displayed page will therefore contain the wikilink "<a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">™</a>". </p><p>For example, type <code>The trademark symbol is <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:TM" title="Template:TM">TM</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></code> and you will see "The trademark symbol is <a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">™</a>" when previewing the page or after saving the change. </p><p>The other way to use a template is to <a href="/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">substitute</a> it. If you type <code>The trademark symbol is {{<a href="/wiki/Template:TM" title="Template:TM">subst:TM</a>}}</code> and preview or save the page, you will see "The trademark symbol is <a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">™</a>" just as with the transclusion example above. But if you save the page and then look again at the saved page <em>source</em>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> you will see <code>The trademark symbol is [[Trademark|™]]</code>, because the template call was replaced by the expansion of the template when you saved the page. There is no ongoing connection to the template call; no one can tell by looking at the page source that you didn't just type <code>The trademark symbol is [[Trademark|™]]</code> and if the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:TM" title="Template:TM">TM</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template changes (or ceases to exist), your page will continue to display as it does now. (In contrast, in the transclusion example above, if the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:TM" title="Template:TM">TM</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template subsequently changes, your page may then display differently). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Examples_with_parameters" data-mw-thread-id="h-Examples_with_parameters-Examples"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Examples_with_parameters-Examples"></span><span class="anchor" id="Parameters"></span> Examples with parameters<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Examples_with_parameters-Examples"></span></h4></div> <p>An example of a template that takes parameters is the template <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:About" title="Template:About">about</a>}}</code>. Try typing <code>{{about|how to use templates|how to use modules|Help:Lua}}</code> in the sandbox—it will produce the following text: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This page is about how to use templates. For how to use modules, see <a href="/wiki/Help:Lua" title="Help:Lua">Help:Lua</a>.</div><p> The template <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:About" title="Template:About">about</a>}}</code> uses three <a href="/wiki/Unnamed_parameter" class="mw-redirect" title="Unnamed parameter">unnamed parameters</a> (also called positional parameters) in the example above, but you can call the same template with different numbers of parameters to give slightly different results, as explained in <a href="/wiki/Template:About/doc" title="Template:About/doc">the template's documentation</a>. For example, <code>{{about||how to use modules|Help:Lua}}</code>. Note the usage of an empty parameter—in this instance, the consecutive pipes mean that the first parameter specified is an empty string, which in this template will cause it to omit the initial "about" sentence. This produces: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"></p><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For how to use modules, see <a href="/wiki/Help:Lua" title="Help:Lua">Help:Lua</a>.</div> <p>A simple example of a template that has named parameters is <a href="/wiki/Template:Payoff_matrix" title="Template:Payoff matrix">Template:Payoff matrix</a>, used to generate a 2-by-2 grid. For example: </p> <table style="margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0; border:none; padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; ">{{payoff matrix | UL = 5 | UR = 7 | DL = 2 | DR = 9 | Name = Example usage }}</pre> </td> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <table id="Payoff_matrix" style="background:white; float: right; clear:right; text-align:center;" align="right" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="8" width="225"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:33%;"> </td> <td style="width:33%; border-bottom: solid black 1px;">Left </td> <td style="width:33%; border-bottom: solid black 1px;">Right </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right: solid black 1px; text-align: right;">Up </td> <td style="border-right: solid black 1px; border-bottom: solid black 1px; background:white; font-size:120%; white-space:nowrap;">5 </td> <td style="border-right: solid black 1px; border-bottom: solid black 1px; background:white; font-size:120%; white-space:nowrap;">7 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right: solid black 1px; text-align: right;">Down </td> <td style="border-right: solid black 1px; border-bottom: solid black 1px; background:white; font-size:120%; white-space:nowrap;">2 </td> <td style="border-right: solid black 1px; border-bottom: solid black 1px; background:white; font-size:120%; white-space:nowrap;">9 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 90%;" colspan="3"><i>Example usage</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>See the <a href="/wiki/Template:Payoff_matrix" title="Template:Payoff matrix">template page</a> for more possibilities. Notice that the template is called here without specifying all its possible parameters, so undefined parameters are given default values. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hints_and_workarounds" data-mw-thread-id="h-Hints_and_workarounds-Using_templates"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Hints_and_workarounds-Using_templates"></span>Hints and workarounds<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Hints_and_workarounds-Using_templates"></span></h3></div> <p>The following points may be worth noting when using templates: </p> <ul><li>Templates are not the only method of <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transclusion</a>, in some cases, other methods such as <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SELECTIVETRANSCLUSION" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SELECTIVETRANSCLUSION">selective transclusion</a> are more appropriate.</li> <li><span class="anchor" id="Equals"></span>An unnamed parameter (positional parameter) value cannot contain an ordinary equals sign, as this would be interpreted in the parameter specification as a named parameter (with the equals sign separating the name from its value).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>To specify an unnamed parameter including an equals sign (for example in a <a href="/wiki/URL" title="URL">URL</a> with <a href="/wiki/Name%E2%80%93value_pair" title="Name–value pair">name–value pairs</a>), replace the equals sign with the <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Magic_words#Other" class="extiw" title="mw:Help:Magic words">magic word</a> <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:%3D" title="Template:=">=</a>}}</code>, which expands to an equals sign that will not be interpreted.</li> <li>Another method is to explicitly specify the positional parameters. The first unnamed parameter is named "1" and so on. To call template <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Done" title="Template:Done">done</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> with <code>a=b</code> as the literal value for the first parameter, type either <code>{{done|a{{=}}b}}</code> or <code>{{done|1=a=b}}</code>.</li></ul></li> <li><span class="anchor" id="Pipe"></span>Similarly, it is not possible to use an ordinary pipe character <code>|</code> in a template parameter specification, as it would be interpreted as separating one parameter specification from another.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This problem can similarly be solved by using the magic word <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:!" title="Template:!">!</a>}}</code> in place of the pipe, or—if the pipe is not intended to be parsed at a higher level—using the <a href="/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references" title="List of XML and HTML character entity references">HTML entity</a> <code>&#124;</code>. Alternatively, for embedding <a href="/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">wikitables</a> in templates, you may use <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Wikitable" title="Template:Wikitable">Wikitable</a>}}</code> to avoid excessive <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:!" title="Template:!">!</a>}}</code>.</li> <li>Remember that whitespace characters (spaces, tabs, carriage returns, and line feeds) are not automatically stripped from the start and end of unnamed parameters, unlike with named parameters. Including such characters (or any other non-visible characters in any parameters) may in some cases affect the template's behavior in unexpected ways. (Template designers can use <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Trim" title="Template:Trim">Trim</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> to remove unwanted whitespace in unnamed parameters).</li> <li>In documentation and discussions, it is customary to put the name of a template in double braces to emphasize the reference to a template (for example, use <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Trim" title="Template:Trim">Trim</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> as the name of Template:Trim). If you just type <code>{{Trim}}</code> in the source page, that will of course call the template, so to make it easy to display the name with the braces, and also make the name a link to the template for the reader's convenience, there is the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Tl" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Tl">tl</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template (the "<b>t</b>emplate <b>l</b>ink" template). For example, <code>{{tl|Example}}</code> produces <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Example" title="Template:Example">Example</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>. There are various other <a href="/wiki/Template:Template-linking_templates" title="Template:Template-linking templates">template-linking templates</a> available with other functions.</li> <li>When an editor changes a template (by editing the template or one of its subtemplates), the change will ultimately be reflected any time any page that transcludes that template is subsequently displayed. However, the change may not become visible on all pages immediately; a previously cached version of a page, based on the previous version of the template, may continue to be displayed for some time. Use the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Purge" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Purge">purge</a> function to force a page to be displayed using the latest versions of templates—including on the template page itself, if it contains usage examples.</li> <li>When viewing old versions of pages, remember that templates will be transcluded as they are now, not necessarily as they were when the old page version was active.</li> <li>To list all pages that transclude a template, use the <a href="/wiki/Help:What_links_here" title="Help:What links here">What links here</a> link on the page when you display the template page. Note that this will <em>not</em> include pages where the template has been substituted, as there is no record of substitutions.</li> <li>To get a list of templates transcluded on a page, bring up the edit page and find the list below the edit window. This list also includes the subtemplates used by the templates that are directly transcluded. To get such a list for a page section, an old version of the page,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or your newly edited version prior to saving, click <kbd class="nowrap button" title="This is not a clickable button; it illustrates the button one should find." style="padding:.2em .6em; border:1px solid; border-color:var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) var(--border-color-interactive, #72777d) var(--border-color-interactive, #72777d) var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); border-radius:3px; background-color: #F2F2F2; color: inherit; background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa), var(--background-color-interactive, #eaecf0)); font-family:sans-serif;">Show preview</kbd> on the appropriate edit page.</li> <li>There are limits to the number and complexity of the templates that an article may have. See the "<a href="#Expand_limits">§ Expand limits</a>" section for help with this.</li> <li>If you want the template to leave a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:~" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:~">time stamp or signature</a>, you can write <code><noinclude><nowiki></noinclude>~~~~~<noinclude></nowiki></noinclude></code>, but this works only when you <em>substitute</em> the template. If you <em>transclude</em> it, you'll just get ~~~~~.</li> <li>To improve readability, programmers usually like to split code with newlines and indent it. Unfortunately, <a href="/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a> does not allow this technique; in many instances, these purpose-built newlines are treated by MediaWiki as content. One possible workaround is to add <code></code> after it, which produces an <a href="/wiki/HTML_comment" class="mw-redirect" title="HTML comment">HTML comment</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Writing_templates" data-mw-thread-id="h-Writing_templates"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Writing_templates"></span>Writing templates<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Writing_templates"></span></h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Process" data-mw-thread-id="h-Process-Writing_templates"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Process-Writing_templates"></span>Process<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Process-Writing_templates"></span></h3></div> <p>Templates are just Wikipedia pages. They are created, deleted, and edited in much the same way as any other page. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Creating" data-mw-thread-id="h-Creating-Process"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Creating-Process"></span>Creating<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Creating-Process"></span></h4></div> <p>To create a template, choose an appropriate name, navigate to that page, then click the "Edit" tab or create a new page as needed. </p><p>Templates are normally placed in the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">template namespace</a>, though you can place a template intended for your own personal use or for experimentation in your own <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">user space</a>. </p><p>Before creating a template, do a quick search for existing templates (such as by exploring <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_templates" title="Category:Wikipedia templates">Category:Wikipedia templates</a>) to see if there is already a template that does what you want or a similar template whose code can be copied and modified (or left in place and expanded). Look for generic templates on which the new template can be based; for example, you can create a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Navbox" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Navbox">navbox</a> template easily by creating a brief template that calls the generic <a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox" title="Template:Navbox">Template:Navbox</a>. </p><p>There is no hard rule about what name to choose for a template—make it short but reasonably descriptive. The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">naming guideline</a> says: "Template function should be clear from the template name". If similar templates exist, try to follow a consistent naming pattern. You can rename a template without breaking existing <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transclusions</a> (what is called <i>breakage</i>) by leaving a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect" title="Wikipedia:Redirect">redirect</a> to the new template name. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Modifying" data-mw-thread-id="h-Modifying-Process"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Modifying-Process"></span>Modifying<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Modifying-Process"></span></h4></div> <p>Edit a template the same way as any other page: navigate to the template and click the "Edit" tab. </p><p>Be extremely careful when editing existing templates—changes made can affect a large number of pages, often in ways you might not expect. For this reason many high-use templates are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy" title="Wikipedia:Protection policy">protected</a> against editing except by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators" title="Wikipedia:Administrators">administrators</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_editor" title="Wikipedia:Template editor">template editors</a>; other editors can propose changes on the talk page. Some templates offer a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_sandbox_and_test_cases" title="Wikipedia:Template sandbox and test cases">sandbox and test cases</a> for experimentation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Deleting" data-mw-thread-id="h-Deleting-Process"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Deleting-Process"></span>Deleting<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Deleting-Process"></span></h4></div> <p>Unused or inappropriate templates should be deleted. Templates that can be easily merged into another should be merged. </p><p>To propose the deletion or merger of a template, go to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion">Templates for discussion</a> (TfD). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coding_a_template" data-mw-thread-id="h-Coding_a_template-Writing_templates"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Coding_a_template-Writing_templates"></span>Coding a template<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Coding_a_template-Writing_templates"></span></h3></div> <p>Anything that can be included on a normal page or article can be included on a template, including other templates (called <i><dfn>subtemplates</dfn></i>). Templates often make use of programming features—parameters, parser functions, and other <a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">magic words</a>—which allow the transcluded content to vary depending on context. There are also special tags to control which information is transcluded and which is not. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Metatemplates" data-mw-thread-id="h-Metatemplates-Coding_a_template"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Metatemplates-Coding_a_template"></span>Metatemplates<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Metatemplates-Coding_a_template"></span></h4></div> <p>Various <a href="/wiki/Help:Metatemplating" title="Help:Metatemplating">metatemplates</a> and metamodules exist to help accomplish common template tasks. They are called like normal templates and <a href="/wiki/Help:Modules" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Modules">modules</a>, but they serve a purpose that makes writing templates easier. See <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_metatemplates" title="Category:Wikipedia metatemplates">Category:Wikipedia metatemplates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Template_metamodules" title="Category:Template metamodules">Category:Template metamodules</a> for a list of those templates and modules. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Handling_parameters" data-mw-thread-id="h-Handling_parameters-Writing_templates"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Handling_parameters-Writing_templates"></span>Handling parameters<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Handling_parameters-Writing_templates"></span></h3></div> <p>In template code, the value of a parameter is represented by items enclosed between <em>triple</em> braces, which is a <i>parameter reference</i>. </p> <ul><li>The code <code>{{{xxx}}}</code> expands to the value of the parameter named "xxx".</li> <li>The codes <code>{{{1}}}</code>, <code>{{{2}}}</code>, and so on are expanded to the first, second, and so on unnamed parameters. (Note that an unnamed parameter can alternatively be specified in a template call as an equivalent named parameter named "1", "2", etc.).</li></ul> <p>If a parameter is not specified in the template call, then the parameter reference is not replaced with anything -- it is expanded literally; this means that if the template call does not specify the parameter "xxx", the wikitext <code>{{{xxx}}}</code> inside the template expands to literally <i>{{{xxx}}}</i> (not the null string you may have expected). You can get a more useful behavior by specifying a default value in the parameter reference. Do this with the <i>pipe syntax</i>: <code>{{{xxx|dflt}}}</code> specifies the default value <code>dflt</code> for the named parameter "xxx", and <code>{{{1|dflt}}}</code> specifies the default value <code>dflt</code> for the first unnamed parameter. Most often, one specifies a null default value, such as <code>{{{1|}}}</code> or <code>{{{xxx|}}}</code>. </p><p>You can use default parameter values to effect a parameter alias: For example, if parameters "text" and "message" are names for the same parameter, which can also be specified as the only unnamed parameter, then refer to the parameter with <code>{{{message|{{{text|{{{1|}}}}}}}}}</code>. If the template call specifies more than one of those parameters, "message" will have priority, followed by "text", and finally by the first unnamed parameter. So if a template call specifies parameters <code>|message=A|text=B|C</code>, the above wikitext expands to <code>A</code>. </p><p>Because of the multiple meanings of double-brace and triple-brace syntax in wikitext, expressions can sometimes be ambiguous. It may be helpful or necessary to include spaces to resolve such ambiguity. For example, <code>{{ {{{xxx}}} }}</code> or <code>{{{ {{xxx}} }}}</code>, rather than typing five consecutive braces, may be more human-readable. But watch out for unwanted whitespace appearing in the template expansion. </p><p>Parameter references do not get expanded when they are wrapped in <code class="nowrap"><<a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext#Nowiki" title="Help:Wikitext">nowiki</a>></code> tags. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Example" data-mw-thread-id="h-Example-Handling_parameters"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Example-Handling_parameters"></span>Example<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Example-Handling_parameters"></span></h4></div> <p>The parameter usage example above refers to the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Payoff_matrix" title="Template:Payoff matrix">payoff matrix</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template. Here is the code in the template that implements those parameters: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p">{|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Payoff matrix"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"background:white; float: </span><span class="p">{{{</span><span class="nv">Float</span><span class="p">|</span>right<span class="p">}}}</span><span class="s2">; clear:right; text-align:center;"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">align</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{{{</span><span class="nv">Float</span><span class="p">|</span>right<span class="p">}}}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">cellspacing</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">cellpadding</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{{{</span><span class="nv">Width</span><span class="p">|</span>225<span class="p">}}}</span> <span class="p">|-</span> <span class="p">|</span><span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"width:33%; "</span><span class="p">|</span> <span class="p">|</span><span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"width:33%; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"</span><span class="p">|</span> <span class="p">{{{</span><span class="nv">2L</span><span class="p">|</span>Left<span class="p">}}}</span> <span class="p">|</span><span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"width:33%; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"</span><span class="p">|</span> <span class="p">{{{</span><span class="nv">2R</span><span class="p">|</span>Right<span class="p">}}}</span> <span class="p">|-</span> <span class="p">|</span><span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"border-right: solid black 1px; text-align: right; "</span><span class="p">|</span> <span class="p">{{{</span><span class="nv">1U</span><span class="p">|</span>Up<span class="p">}}}</span> <span class="p">|</span>style="border-right: solid black 1px; border-bottom: solid black 1px; background:<span class="p">{{{</span><span class="nv">ULc</span><span class="p">|</span>white<span class="p">}}}</span>; font-size:120%; "| <span class="p">{{{</span><span class="nv">UL</span><span class="p">|</span>0, 0<span class="p">}}}</span> <span class="p">|</span>style="border-right: solid black 1px; border-bottom: solid black 1px; background:<span class="p">{{{</span><span class="nv">URc</span><span class="p">|</span>white<span class="p">}}}</span>; font-size:120%; "| <span class="p">{{{</span><span class="nv">UR</span><span class="p">|</span>0, 0<span class="p">}}}</span> <span class="p">|-</span> <span class="p">|</span><span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"border-right: solid black 1px; text-align: right; "</span><span class="p">|</span> <span class="p">{{{</span><span class="nv">1D</span><span class="p">|</span>Down<span class="p">}}}</span> <span class="p">|</span>style="border-right: solid black 1px; border-bottom: solid black 1px; background:<span class="p">{{{</span><span class="nv">DLc</span><span class="p">|</span>white<span class="p">}}}</span>; font-size:120%; "| <span class="p">{{{</span><span class="nv">DL</span><span class="p">|</span>0, 0<span class="p">}}}</span> <span class="p">|</span>style="border-right: solid black 1px; border-bottom: solid black 1px; background:<span class="p">{{{</span><span class="nv">DRc</span><span class="p">|</span>white<span class="p">}}}</span>; font-size:120%; "| <span class="p">{{{</span><span class="nv">DR</span><span class="p">|</span>0, 0<span class="p">}}}</span> <span class="p">|-</span> <span class="p">|</span><span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"font-size: 90%;"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">colspan</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="ge">''</span><span class="p">{{{</span><span class="nv">Name</span><span class="p">|{{</span><span class="nf">PAGENAME</span><span class="p">}}}}}</span><span class="ge">''</span> <span class="p">|}</span> </pre></div> <p>The entity <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">{{{</span><span class="nv">2L</span><span class="p">|</span>Left<span class="p">}}}</span></code> instructs the template to use the value of the named parameter <code>2L</code> or the text <code>Left</code> if the parameter is not specified in the call. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Special_case:_parameters_within_an_XML-style_opening_tag" data-mw-thread-id="h-Special_case:_parameters_within_an_XML-style_opening_tag-Handling_parameters"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Special_case:_parameters_within_an_XML-style_opening_tag-Handling_parameters"></span>Special case: parameters within an XML-style opening tag<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Special_case:_parameters_within_an_XML-style_opening_tag-Handling_parameters"></span></h4></div> <p>Parameter references aren't expanded inside <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>-style opening tags. Thus, the following will not work within a template: </p> <ul><li><span class="example deprecated-content example-bad monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);"><ref name={{{param}}}> Smith, Adam (1776)...</ref></span></li></ul> <p>because the parameter is not expanded. Instead, you can use the <code>{{#tag:}}</code> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PF" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PF">parser function</a>, which is—for example—used in <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Sfn" title="Template:Sfn">sfn</a>}}</code> to generate the <code class="nowrap" style=""><ref>...</ref></code> element; see also <a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words#Formatting" title="Help:Magic words">Help:Magic words § Formatting</a>. Therefore, the following example will work: </p> <ul><li><span class="example monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">{{#tag:ref | Smith, Adam (1776)... | name={{{param}}} }}</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Caution:_overextending_URLs" data-mw-thread-id="h-Caution:_overextending_URLs-Handling_parameters"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Caution:_overextending_URLs-Handling_parameters"></span>Caution: overextending URLs<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Caution:_overextending_URLs-Handling_parameters"></span></h4></div> <p>If a parameter's value is (or ends with) a <a href="/wiki/URL" title="URL">URL</a>, check whether it is displayed in Wikipedia with the link overextending by one or more characters after the URL so that clicking the link causes an error or failure. This could happen because the source code does not have a space after the URL or it contains or generates a space that is discarded in the processing. Ensure that in the template expansion a soft space (<em>not</em> a <a href="/wiki/Non-breaking_space" title="Non-breaking space">hard or non-breaking space</a>) follows the URL, regardless of whether you or a user supplied the URL or whether it was generated by automated processing. The <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Spaces" title="Template:Spaces">spaces</a>}}</code> template may be useful. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="System_variables_and_conditional_logic" data-mw-thread-id="h-System_variables_and_conditional_logic-Writing_templates"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-System_variables_and_conditional_logic-Writing_templates"></span>System variables and conditional logic<span data-mw-comment-end="h-System_variables_and_conditional_logic-Writing_templates"></span></h3></div> <p>Template code often makes use of the variables and parser functions described at <a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">Help:Magic words</a> to make the template's behavior depend on the environment in which it is included (such as the current time or namespace). Parser functions can be used for some arithmetic calculations and string manipulations on variables and parameter values, but certain standard programming features such as loops and variable assignment are not available. Full string manipulation is not available; some templates providing such function have been created, but they are inefficient and imperfect. </p><p>Some of the most frequently used variables and functions are listed below. For more, see <a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">Help:Magic words</a> and the fuller documentation at the MediaWiki pages <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Magic_words" class="extiw" title="mw:Help:Magic words">mw:Help:Magic words</a> and <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions" class="extiw" title="mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions">mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width="100%"> <caption>Examples of core parser functions </caption> <tbody><tr> <th width="30%">Description</th> <th width="40%">wiki source</th> <th width="30%">Displayed text </th></tr> <tr> <td>Uppercasing text </td> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nf">uc</span><span class="p">:</span> Heavens to BETSY! <span class="p">}}</span></code> </td> <td>HEAVENS TO BETSY! </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lowercasing text </td> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nf">lc</span><span class="p">:</span> Heavens to BETSY! <span class="p">}}</span></code> </td> <td>heavens to betsy! </td></tr> <tr> <td>Getting a namespace name </td> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nf">NS</span><span class="p">:</span> 1 <span class="p">}}</span></code> </td> <td>Talk </td></tr> <tr> <td>Getting a Wikipedia URL </td> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nf">fullurl</span><span class="p">:</span> pagename <span class="p">}}</span></code> </td> <td>//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagename </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The ParserFunctions extension provides more programming-oriented parser functions: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width="100%"> <caption>Examples of extension parser functions </caption> <tbody><tr> <th width="30%">Description</th> <th width="40%">Wiki source</th> <th width="30%">Displayed text </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Testing for equality between two strings (or parameters). If the first two parameters are equal, the third parameter is returned, otherwise the fourth parameter is returned. </td> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nf">#ifeq</span><span class="p">:</span> yes <span class="p">|</span> yes <span class="p">|</span> Hooray...! <span class="p">|</span> Darn...! <span class="p">}}</span></code> </td> <td>Hooray...! </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nf">#ifeq</span><span class="p">:</span> yes <span class="p">|</span> no <span class="p">|</span> Hooray...! <span class="p">|</span> Darn...! <span class="p">}}</span></code> </td> <td>Darn...! </td></tr> <tr> <td>Testing whether a string (or parameter) contains anything (other than whitespace). If it does, the second parameter is returned, otherwise the third parameter is returned. </td> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nf">#if</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{{{</span><span class="nv">param</span><span class="p">|}}}</span> <span class="p">|</span> Hooray...! <span class="p">|</span> Darn...! <span class="p">}}</span></code> </td> <td>Darn...! </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:Calculation" title="Help:Calculation">Making a calculation (mathematics)</a><br/>[area of circle of radius 4, to 3 decimal places] </td> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nf">#expr</span><span class="p">:</span> ( pi * 4 ^ 2 ) round 3 <span class="p">}}</span></code> </td> <td>50.265 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:Calculation" title="Help:Calculation">Testing the result of a calculation</a>. If the expression is true or non-zero, the second parameter is returned, otherwise the third parameter is returned.<br/>[is 1230 even or odd?] </td> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nf">#ifexpr</span><span class="p">:</span> 1.23E+3 mod 2 <span class="p">|</span> Odd <span class="p">|</span> Even <span class="p">}}</span></code> </td> <td>Even </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width="100%"> <caption>Examples of system variables </caption> <tbody><tr> <th width="30%">Description</th> <th width="40%">Wiki source</th> <th width="30%">Displayed text (for this help page) </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Page names </td> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nf">PAGENAME</span><span class="p">}}</span></code> </td> <td>Template </td></tr> <tr> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nf">FULLPAGENAME</span><span class="p">}}</span></code> </td> <td>Help:Template </td></tr> <tr> <td>Name of the current namespace </td> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nf">NAMESPACE</span><span class="p">}}</span></code> </td> <td>Help </td></tr> <tr> <td>Number of registered users </td> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nf">NUMBEROFUSERS</span><span class="p">}}</span></code> </td> <td>48,286,225 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Number of pages in a given category </td> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nf">PAGESINCATEGORY</span><span class="p">:</span>"Weird Al" Yankovic albums<span class="p">}}</span></code> </td> <td>19 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Current software version </td> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nf">CURRENTVERSION</span><span class="p">}}</span></code> </td> <td>1.44.0-wmf.3 (b4aac1f) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Timestamp of last page revision </td> <td><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nf">REVISIONTIMESTAMP</span><span class="p">}}</span></code> </td> <td>20241117191129 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nf">PAGENAME</span><span class="p">}}</span></code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nf">NAMESPACE</span><span class="p">}}</span></code>variables are particularly useful, and frequently used, to change template behavior based on the context in which they are included. Templates that contain category links often do this. For example, a cleanup template contains a category link to categorize the calling page as one which needs cleanup, so the template is likely to condition that category link on the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nf">NAMESPACE</span><span class="p">}}</span></code> variable so that talk pages, user pages, and any other pages that might call the template incidentally do not get categorized as pages needing cleanup. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nesting_templates" data-mw-thread-id="h-Nesting_templates-Writing_templates"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Nesting_templates-Writing_templates"></span>Nesting templates<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Nesting_templates-Writing_templates"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:NEST"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:NEST&redirect=no">WP:NEST</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>A template may call another template—this is called <i><dfn>nesting</dfn></i> and the called template is called, in this context, a <i><dfn>subtemplate</dfn></i>. When WikiMedia expands the template, it expands subtemplates as the calls to them appear, so that the final product is essentially the result of expanding templates from the most deeply nested out. </p><p>While fairly straightforward in application, it involves some noteworthy quirks and tricks. </p><p>To pass a parameter value from a template call to to a subtemplate, use a parameter reference in the template call to the subtemplate. </p> <dl><dt>Example:</dt> <dd>Template:A contains <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">"the quick brown <span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">B</span><span class="p">|{{{</span><span class="nv">3</span><span class="p">}}}</span> <span class="p">}}</span> jumps over..."</code>. Template:B (a subtemplate) contains <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-moin mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="c">'''</span><span class="nb">{{{</span><span class="cp">1</span><span class="nb">}}}</span><span class="c">'''</span></code>. Page X calls A with <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">A</span><span class="p">|</span>apple<span class="p">|</span>pear<span class="p">|</span>fox<span class="p">}}</span></code> This expands to <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">"the quick brown <span class="gs">'''fox'''</span> jumps over..."</code>. The third unnamed parameter passed to Template:A gets passes as the first unnamed parameter to subtemplate B.</dd></dl> <p>A template can even choose which subtemplate parameter to pass conditionally. </p> <dl><dt>Examples:</dt> <dd>Template:A contains <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">the quick brown <span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">B</span><span class="p">|{{{</span><span class="nv">3</span><span class="p">}}}</span>=fox<span class="p">}}</span> jumps over...</code>. Template:B (a subtemplate) contains <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-moin mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="c">'''</span><span class="nb">{{{</span><span class="cp">jumper</span><span class="nb">}}}</span><span class="c">'''</span></code>. Page X calls A with <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">A</span><span class="p">|</span>apple<span class="p">|</span>pear<span class="p">|</span>jumper<span class="p">}}</span></code>. This expands to <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">"the quick brown <span class="gs">'''fox'''</span> jumps over..."</code>. The third unnamed parameter passed to Template:A is passed as the name of the parameter passed to subtemplate B with the value "fox".</dd></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:TEMPLATE_LOOP"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:TEMPLATE_LOOP&redirect=no">WP:TEMPLATE LOOP</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Template recursion is not available; that is, a template may not call itself directly, or indirectly by calling other templates which call it. Attempts to do so will result in an error message describing a "template loop". </p><p>When a subtemplate contains unmatched braces—as in <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">{{lb}}}</code>—the unmatched braces are treated as text during processing—they do not affect the parsing of braces in the calling template. But where the template is substituted, the unmatched braces will be parsed as braces when the page is subsequently displayed. This has little practical use, but can occasionally introduce unexpected errors. </p><p>See <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Advanced_templates" class="extiw" title="m:Help:Advanced templates">m:Help:Advanced templates</a> and <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Recursive_conversion_of_wikitext" class="extiw" title="m:Help:Recursive conversion of wikitext">m:Help:Recursive conversion of wikitext</a> for more information. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inclusion_control:_noinclude,_includeonly,_and_onlyinclude" data-mw-thread-id="h-Inclusion_control:_noinclude,_includeonly,_and_onlyinclude-Writing_templates"><span id="Inclusion_control:_noinclude.2C_includeonly.2C_and_onlyinclude"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Inclusion_control:_noinclude,_includeonly,_and_onlyinclude-Writing_templates"></span><span id="Noinclude,_includeonly,_and_onlyinclude"></span>Inclusion control: noinclude, includeonly, and onlyinclude<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Inclusion_control:_noinclude,_includeonly,_and_onlyinclude-Writing_templates"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:NOINCLUDE"></span><span id="WP:INCLUDEONLY"></span><span id="WP:ONLYINCLUDE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:NOINCLUDE&redirect=no">WP:NOINCLUDE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:INCLUDEONLY&redirect=no">WP:INCLUDEONLY</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:ONLYINCLUDE&redirect=no">WP:ONLYINCLUDE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>By default, when a page calls a template, MediaWiki includes the expansion of the entire template in the calling page. However, it is possible to modify that behavior, using tags that specify which parts of the template code are to be included. This makes it possible for the template to contain information only for display when the template page itself is displayed, such as the template's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_documentation" title="Wikipedia:Template documentation">documentation</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CAT#T" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CAT">categories</a>. It is also possible to have parts of the template be included in calling pages, but <em>not</em> be displayed when the template page itself is displayed and not be processed when the template page itself is saved (e.g., categories to be applied to calling pages which do not apply to the template). The tags are as follows: </p> <ul><li><code class="nowrap"><<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Noinclude,_includeonly,_and_onlyinclude">noinclude</a>>...</noinclude></code> – The text between the tags is <em>not</em> included when the template is called, but <em>is</em> processed when the template itself is displayed or saved; a common use is for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_documentation" title="Wikipedia:Template documentation">documentation in templates</a>.</li> <li><code class="nowrap"><<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Noinclude,_includeonly,_and_onlyinclude">onlyinclude</a>>...</onlyinclude></code> – Nothing on the page <em>except</em> what appears between the tags is included when the template is called.</li> <li><code class="nowrap"><<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Noinclude,_includeonly,_and_onlyinclude">includeonly</a>>...</includeonly></code> – The text between the tags <em>is</em> included when the template is called, but is <em>not</em> processed when the template is displayed or saved.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Wikitext </th> <th>What is rendered <em>here</em> (template page) </th> <th>What is included <em>there</em> (calling page) </th></tr> <tr> <td><code><noinclude> text1 </noinclude> text2</code> </td> <td><code>text1 text2</code> </td> <td><code>text2</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code><onlyinclude> text1 </onlyinclude> text2</code> </td> <td><code>text1 text2</code> </td> <td><code>text1</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code><includeonly> text1 </includeonly> text2</code> </td> <td><code>text2</code> </td> <td><code>text1 text2</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code><onlyinclude><includeonly> text1 </includeonly></onlyinclude> text2</code> </td> <td><code>text2</code> </td> <td><code>text1</code> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Perhaps the most common issue with the use of these blocks is unwanted spaces or lines. It is important to remember that the effect of these tags begins immediately before the first angle bracket, not on the previous line or at the previous visible character; similarly the effect ends immediately after the last angle bracket, not on the next line or with the next visible character. For example: </p> <dl><dd><span class="example monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">}}<includeonly></span></dd> <dd><span class="example deprecated-content example-bad monospaced example-mono" style="font-family: monospace, monospace; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">}}<br/></includeonly></span></dd></dl> <p>These tags can be nested inside each other, though (for a given page) this is really meaningful only for the <code class="nowrap" style=""><onlyinclude></code> tag; nesting <code class="nowrap" style=""><includeonly></code> and <code class="nowrap" style=""><noinclude></code> tags is fairly pointless. Be careful to properly nest the tags, however. Constructions like <code class="nowrap" style=""><onlyinclude></code>abc<code class="nowrap" style=""><includeonly></code>def<code class="nowrap" style=""></onlyinclude></code>ghi<code class="nowrap" style=""></includeonly></code> will <em>not</em> work as expected. Use the "first opened, last closed" rule that is standard for HTML/XML. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Problems_and_workarounds" data-mw-thread-id="h-Problems_and_workarounds-Writing_templates"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Problems_and_workarounds-Writing_templates"></span>Problems and workarounds<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Problems_and_workarounds-Writing_templates"></span></h3></div> <ul><li>The following techniques are helpful in debugging a template: <ul><li>Use <a href="/wiki/Special:ExpandTemplates" title="Special:ExpandTemplates">Special:ExpandTemplates</a> to see the full recursive expansion of one or more templates.</li> <li>Use <code>subst:</code> to substitute a template (rather than transclude it), which can show more clearly what is happening when the template is transcluded; see <a href="/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">Help:Substitution</a>.</li> <li>Use <code>msgnw:</code> (short for "<b>m</b>e<b>s</b>sa<b>g</b>e, <b>n</b>o<b>w</b>iki") to more-or-less transclude the source of the template rather than its expansion. It is not perfect: lists are rendered, comments are removed, and single newlines are replaced with spaces (which is particularly confounding when transcluding wikitext tables).</li></ul></li> <li>If the first character of a template expansion (or parser function result) is one of four wiki markup characters—<code>:</code>, <code>;</code>, <code>*</code>, <code>#</code><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, it is processed during display as though it were at the beginning of a line, even if the template call is not. This allows you to create various kinds of lists with templates where the template call may not be in the correct place for a list. To avoid this, use <code class="nowrap"><<a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext#Nowiki" title="Help:Wikitext">nowiki</a> /></code> before the markup or <code class="nowrap" style=""><nowiki>...</nowiki></code> around it, or use the <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> entities <code>&#58;</code>, <code>&#59;</code>, <code>&#42;</code>, <code>&#35;</code>, or use the templates <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Colon" title="Template:Colon">colon</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:;" title="Template:;">;</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Asterisk" title="Template:Asterisk">asterisk</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Number_sign" title="Template:Number sign">number sign</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> (those templates may not exist at other wikis). In some cases, the HTML entities will work when the <code class="nowrap" style=""><nowiki /></code> does not. The problem often occurs when a parameter value in a template call starts with one of the four characters. See also <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Encodefirst" title="Template:Encodefirst">Encodefirst</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>.</li> <li>For issues with template substitution, such as how to control whether subtemplates are substituted as well when the parent template is substituted, see <a href="/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">Help:Substitution</a>.</li> <li>You can use the template <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Trim" title="Template:Trim">Trim</a>}}</code> to strip any initial or final whitespace from unnamed parameter values if this would cause problems; <em>named</em> parameter values are automatically stripped in this way.</li> <li>To protect server resources and avoid infinite loops, the parser imposes certain limits on the depth of transclusion nesting and on the page size with expanded templates. This may cause a page to break if it uses very complex templates, particularly if there are multiple such templates on the same page. For more information, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_limits" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Template limits">WP:Template limits</a>. You can check a page's overall load on the server by examining the generated HTML for a page and looking for the <code>NewPP limit report</code> comments.</li> <li>Do not use <code>=</code> wikimarkup to create a section header in a template which is intended for use in article space; this will create an edit link on a page that transcludes the template that will confusingly open the <em>template</em> for editing.</li> <li>You may avoid section edit links to the template by including <code><includeonly>__NOEDITSECTION__</includeonly></code>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Documentation" data-mw-thread-id="h-Documentation-Writing_templates"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Documentation-Writing_templates"></span>Documentation<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Documentation-Writing_templates"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_documentation" title="Wikipedia:Template documentation">WP:Template documentation</a></div> <p>Documentation for users, together with the template's categories, normally goes after the template code, inside <code class="nowrap" style=""><noinclude>...</noinclude></code> tags. It is normally necessary to put the opening <code class="nowrap" style=""><noinclude></code> tag immediately after the end of the code, with no intervening spaces or newlines, to avoid transcluding unwanted whitespace. </p><p>In the case of complex templates, the documentation is often kept on a separate <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">subpage</a> of the template page (named "Template:<var style="padding-right: 1px;">XXX</var>/doc"). This applies especially to many <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy" title="Wikipedia:Protection policy">protected</a> templates, so that non-administrators can edit the documentation. To do this, place a call to the <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Documentation" title="Template:Documentation">Documentation</a>}}</code> template after the main template code and within <code class="nowrap" style=""><noinclude>...</noinclude></code> tags. If the "/doc" subpage does not exist, a link appears when you display the template that you can use to create the subpage. </p><p>The documentation subpage, rather than the template itself, is normally what is placed in categories to represent a template. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Categorization" data-mw-thread-id="h-Categorization-Writing_templates"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Categorization-Writing_templates"></span>Categorization<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Categorization-Writing_templates"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Template_categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">WP:Categorization § Template categorization</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Categorize_pages_by_template_inclusion" data-mw-thread-id="h-Categorize_pages_by_template_inclusion-Categorization"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Categorize_pages_by_template_inclusion-Categorization"></span>Categorize pages by template inclusion<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Categorize_pages_by_template_inclusion-Categorization"></span></h4></div> <p>Some templates generate category declarations in their expansion, since the template is intended to place calling pages in particular categories. This is often done with maintenance categories. Placing articles into ordinary content categories in this way is discouraged. When doing this, you may have to use <code class="nowrap" style=""><includeonly>...</includeonly></code> tags to keep the template itself out of the category. While developing, testing, sandboxing, or demonstrating a template intended to apply a category, either temporarily replace each category with a test category (starting with <a href="/wiki/Category:X1" title="Category:X1">X1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:X2" title="Category:X2">X2</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Category:X3" title="Category:X3">X3</a>) or suppress categorization (see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CATSUP" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CATSUP">category suppression in templates</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Categorize_templates" data-mw-thread-id="h-Categorize_templates-Categorization"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Categorize_templates-Categorization"></span>Categorize templates<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Categorize_templates-Categorization"></span></h4></div> <p>Categorizing your template and documenting its proper usage will make it easier for other editors to find and use. </p><p>Category declarations for a template itself should be placed on the template's documentation subpage (or inside <code class="nowrap" style=""><noinclude>...</noinclude></code> <a href="/wiki/Html_tag" class="mw-redirect" title="Html tag">tags</a> if there is no documentation subpage) to avoid placing calling pages in the category. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aliases" data-mw-thread-id="h-Aliases-Writing_templates"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Aliases-Writing_templates"></span>Aliases<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Aliases-Writing_templates"></span></h3></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect" title="Wikipedia:Redirect">redirect</a> of a template functions as an alias. For example, <a href="/wiki/Template:Tsh" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Tsh">Template:Tsh</a> redirects to <a href="/wiki/Template:Template_shortcut" title="Template:Template shortcut">Template:Template shortcut</a>, so you can code <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Tsh" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Tsh">tsh</a>|<var style="padding-right: 1px;">foo</var>}}</code> instead of <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Template_shortcut" title="Template:Template shortcut">Template shortcut</a>|<var style="padding-right: 1px;">foo</var>}}</code>. </p><p>It is good to prepare template aliases for variations in whitespace and capitalization. For example, there is a template called <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:See_Wiktionary" title="Template:See Wiktionary">See Wiktionary</a>}}</code>. The "W" is capitalized, since the word "Wiktionary" is so, but a redirect <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:See_wiktionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:See wiktionary">See wiktionary</a>}}</code> (with lowercase "w") exists because editors may misremember it as the latter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Template_limits" data-mw-thread-id="h-Template_limits"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Template_limits"></span>Template limits<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Template_limits"></span></h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Help:Template_limits" title="Help:Template limits">Help:Template limits</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:INCLUDELIMIT"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:INCLUDELIMIT&redirect=no">WP:INCLUDELIMIT</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Expand_limits"></span> <b>"Post-expand include size" limit.</b> When templates are rendered or expanded to HTML for viewing in your browser, they use memory. This is called the "post-expand include size" and has a limit of 2,048,000 bytes. This size is included as an invisible comment in the HTML output—use your browser's view source feature to show the raw HTML and search for "newpp". The report will look like: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="cm"></span> </pre></div> <p>The example shows that template expansion is using 63,476 bytes out of 2,048,000 bytes of available memory. </p><p><b>Display problem.</b> If too many templates are included on a page, the post-expand include size may exceed the limit. When this happens, templates after the limit will no longer expand and will instead display as a wikilink (for example, <span style="color: red;"><u>Template:<var style="padding-right: 1px;">Template name</var></u></span>). Common causes are the inclusion of too many <a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">citation templates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NAVBOX" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NAVBOX">navbox templates</a>, and/or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Flag_Template" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Flag Template">flag templates</a>. To resolve this problem <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Substitution" title="Wikipedia:Substitution">substitute</a> templates, directly <a href="/wiki/Help:Template_limits#invoke_syntax" title="Help:Template limits">invoke</a> modules, remove templates, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting" title="Wikipedia:Splitting">split</a> the page. </p><p><b>Non-rendered tranclusions still count towards limit.</b> For example, a page which contains only <code>{{#if:{{:Main Page}}}}</code> would still have a post-expand include size even though it would have no output at all. </p><p>The same applies to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Scribunto modules</a>. For example, <code>{{#invoke:Test|main}}</code> would still increase post-expand include size even if Module:Test were simply: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-lua mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="n">mw</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">getCurrentFrame</span><span class="p">():</span><span class="n">preprocess</span> <span class="s2">"{{msgnw::Main Page}}"</span> <span class="c1">-- remove this line and post-expand include size becomes zero</span> <span class="kr">return</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">main</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kr">function</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="kr">end</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="c1">-- p.main() has no return value</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Lua_programming_language" data-mw-thread-id="h-Lua_programming_language"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Lua_programming_language"></span>Lua programming language<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Lua_programming_language"></span></h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">WP:Lua</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)" title="Lua (programming language)">Lua programming language</a> is available for use through the <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Scribunto">Scribunto</a> MediaWiki extension. You can embed Lua code into templates by employing the <code>{{#invoke:}}</code> functionality of the Scribunto MediaWiki extension. The Lua <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> is stored in pages called modules, and templates invoke these individual modules. For example, you can invoke <a href="/wiki/Module:Example" title="Module:Example">Module:Example</a> with the code <code>{{#invoke:Example|hello}}</code> to print the text "Hello World!". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Terminology" data-mw-thread-id="h-Terminology"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Terminology"></span>Terminology<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Terminology"></span></h2></div> <p>A <i>template</i> is a Wikipedia page whose purpose is to be transcluded or substituted in another page. Templates are usually in the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">template namespace</a>, but don't have to be. Pages can transclude or substitute any page, not just templates; what makes a page a template is the page's purpose. </p><p><i>Calling</i> a template means transcluding or substituting one. A page calls a template. The wikitext on a page that causes the page to call a template is called a <i>template call</i>. For example, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">sic</span><span class="p">|</span>constellation prize<span class="p">}}</span></code>. Template calls are always delimited by double braces (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">{{}}</code>), but not everything enclosed in double braces is a template call. </p><p><i>Expansion</i> is the process of generating page source from a template, when a page calls it, by applying parameters and other features. MediaWiki expands a template as it renders a page. One can also say that the template itself expands, so both "MediaWiki expands <code>{{{1}}}</code> as the value of the first positional parameter" and "<code>{{{1}}}</code> expands as the value of the first positional parameter" work. </p><p><i>Expansion</i> of a page is also the page source that results from template expansion. For example, the expansion of the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Sic" title="Template:Sic">sic</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template when called by <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">sic</span><span class="p">|</span>constellation prize<span class="p">}}</span></code> is <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">constellation prize<span class="ni">&#32;&#91;</span><span class="ge">''</span><span class="p">[[</span><span class="nt">sic</span><span class="p">]]</span><span class="ge">''</span><span class="ni">&#93;</span></code>. </p><p>The displayed page content generated by a template call (which is the rendering of the expansion of the called template) is the <i>template result</i>. The template result generated by the template call <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">sic</span><span class="p">|</span>constellation prize<span class="p">}}</span></code> is "constellation prize [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>]". </p><p>The <i>name</i> of a template is the name of the wikipedia page (which is also the title of the page). The namespace is normally left off if it is "Template" (which it almost always is). Furthermore, it is customary to write the name with double braces, like a template call, to emphasize that it names a template. For example, "Use the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Tm" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Tm">tm</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template to generate the trademark symbol." But don't go so far as to put a template name in the code font, to prevent confusion with an actual template call. <span class="nowrap">{{tm}}</span> is a template name, but <code>{{tm}}</code> is a template call. </p><p>Some template calls perform a tagging function; such a template call is often called a <i>tag</i>, as in, "If you are in the middle of a major edit, place an <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:In_use" title="Template:In use">in use</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> tag at the top of the page." This is one of many ways the term "tag" is used in Wikipedia. </p><p>A <i>parameter</i> is a particular piece of information that can be specified in a template call to affect the expansion of the template. A parameter has a <i>value</i>. A named parameter has a <i>name</i>; an unnamed parameter has a <i>position</i>. A template call <i>specifies</i> a parameter and the code that does that is a <i>parameter specification</i>. A template <i>defines</i> a parameter (not explicitly -- just by the template being designed to use it). The code in a template that expands to the parameter value (e.g. <code>{{{myparam}}}</code>) is a <i>parameter reference</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Common_variations" data-mw-thread-id="h-Common_variations-Terminology"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Common_variations-Terminology"></span>Common variations<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Common_variations-Terminology"></span></h3></div> <p>It is common to use "template" to refer not only to a template, but to a template call, a template result, and a template name. </p><p>For example: </p> <ul><li>I am going to put more detail in the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Short_description" title="Template:Short description">short description</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template on this page.</li> <li>Upon seeing an <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Under_construction" title="Template:Under construction">under construction</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template, the reader may decide to come back later.</li> <li>There are many kinds of infoboxes. The templates all start with "Infobox".</li></ul> <p>These usages can be confusing, especially to someone less familiar with templates. Consider using more specific language. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Template_search" data-mw-thread-id="h-Template_search"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Template_search"></span>Template search<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Template_search"></span></h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index" title="Wikipedia:Template index">WP:Template index</a></div> <p>As an alternative to using this index linked above, you can search the Template namespace using the <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" title="Special:Search">Special:Search</a> box below: </p> <div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/wiki/Special:Search"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="e.g. Citation" size="25" dir="ltr"/></div> <input type="hidden" name="ns10" value="1" id="mw-inputbox-ns10-0.307938065319" checked=""/> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search Template namespace" class="cdx-button"/><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext"/></form></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Help_pages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Help_pages-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Help_pages-See_also"></span>Help pages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Help_pages-See_also"></span></h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li>Introductions: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:A_quick_guide_to_templates" title="Help:A quick guide to templates">Help:A quick guide to templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">Help:Substitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">Help:Transclusion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">Help:Magic words</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Manipulating_strings" title="Help:Manipulating strings">Help:Manipulating strings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Metatemplating" title="Help:Metatemplating">Help:Metatemplating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Advanced_template_coding" title="Wikipedia:Advanced template coding">WP:Advanced template coding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_documentation" title="Wikipedia:Template documentation">WP:Template documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index" title="Wikipedia:Template index">WP:Template index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_limits" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Template limits">WP:Template limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">WP:Template namespace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_sandbox_and_test_cases" title="Wikipedia:Template sandbox and test cases">WP:Template sandbox and test cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TemplateData" title="Wikipedia:TemplateData">WP:TemplateData</a>—standardized template description used by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor">VisualEditor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Templates" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Templates">WP:WikiProject Templates</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Advanced_templates" class="extiw" title="mw:Manual:Advanced templates">mw:Manual:Advanced templates</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Expr_parser_function_syntax" class="extiw" title="mw:Manual:Expr parser function syntax">mw:Manual:Expr parser function syntax</a></li> <li><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Happy-melon/Templates" class="extiw" title="m:User:Happy-melon/Templates">m:User:Happy-melon/Templates</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:ExpandTemplates" class="extiw" title="mw:Help:ExpandTemplates">mw:Help:ExpandTemplates</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions" class="extiw" title="mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions">mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Magic_words" class="extiw" title="mw:Help:Magic words">mw:Help:Magic words</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Templates" class="extiw" title="mw:Help:Templates">mw:Help:Templates</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mediawiki_manual_pages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Mediawiki_manual_pages-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Mediawiki_manual_pages-See_also"></span>Mediawiki manual pages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Mediawiki_manual_pages-See_also"></span></h3></div> <ul><li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:$wgEnableScaryTranscluding" class="extiw" title="mw:Manual:$wgEnableScaryTranscluding">mw:Manual:$wgEnableScaryTranscluding</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:$wgNonincludableNamespaces" class="extiw" title="mw:Manual:$wgNonincludableNamespaces">mw:Manual:$wgNonincludableNamespaces</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Parser.php" class="extiw" title="mw:Manual:Parser.php">mw:Manual:Parser.php</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Parser_functions" class="extiw" title="mw:Manual:Parser functions">mw:Manual:Parser functions</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_pages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Special_pages-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Special_pages-See_also"></span>Special pages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Special_pages-See_also"></span></h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Database_reports/Templates_transcluded_on_the_most_pages" title="Wikipedia:Database reports/Templates transcluded on the most pages">WP:Database reports/Templates transcluded on the most pages</a>—not counting transclusions through redirects</li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Allpages&namespace=10">Special:Allpages (namespace 10)</a>—all pages in the Template namespace</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ExpandTemplates" title="Special:ExpandTemplates">Special:ExpandTemplates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UnusedTemplates" title="Special:UnusedTemplates">Special:Unusedtemplates</a>—templates which are not transcluded (but may be used for substitution)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_backend_pages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Other_backend_pages-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Other_backend_pages-See_also"></span>Other backend pages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Other_backend_pages-See_also"></span></h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_style" title="Help:User style">Help:User style</a>—CSS and JS pages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:System_message" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:System message">Help:System message</a>—MediaWiki namespace pages</li> <li><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals" class="extiw" title="m:Project portals">m:Project portals</a>—Multilingual portal pages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Book_sources" title="Wikipedia:Book sources">WP:Book sources</a>—used by <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources" title="Special:BookSources">Special:Booksources</a></li> <li><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Spam_blacklist" class="extiw" title="m:Spam blacklist">m:Spam blacklist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Example" title="Template:Example">Template:Example</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes"></span></h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Namespaces from which transclusion is not allowed are specified on a wiki by the variable <code><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:$wgNonincludableNamespaces" class="extiw" title="mw:Manual:$wgNonincludableNamespaces">$wgNonincludableNamespaces</a></code>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There is no way to preview the effect on the page source of substitution without saving the page</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This does not apply if the equals sign comes within another template call or other item which the parser handles separately.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Again, this does not apply if it comes within another separately parsed item, such as a piped wikilink.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For an old version, the subtemplate tree will be constructed according to the templates' current state.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These are defined in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180625163321/https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/master/php/classParser.html#ad463888e40c078ac9bcfcaf1231e39d7"><code>doBlockLevels</code> function of Parser.php</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_templates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_templates" title="Template:Wikipedia templates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_templates" title="Template talk:Wikipedia templates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_templates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia templates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_templates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index" title="Wikipedia:Template index">Wikipedia templates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main namespace</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/General" title="Wikipedia:Template index/General">General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Cleanup">Cleanup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Cleanup/Verifiability_and_sources" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Cleanup/Verifiability and sources">Verifiability and sources</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Disputes" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Disputes">Disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:List of infoboxes">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Links" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Links">Links</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:External_link_templates" title="Category:External link templates">External link templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Inline_templates_linking_country_articles" title="Wikipedia:Inline templates linking country articles">Linking country articles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Main_page_and_alternatives" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Main page and alternatives">Main page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Section" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Section">Section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Sources_of_articles" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Sources of articles">Sources of articles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Sources_of_articles/Citation_quick_reference" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Sources of articles/Citation quick reference">Quick reference</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Standard_boxes" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Standard boxes">Standard boxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Stub_sorting/Stub_types" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Stub types">Stub types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Translation" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Translation">Translation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other namespaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Compact_tables_of_contents" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Compact tables of contents">Compact TOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Category_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Category namespace">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/File_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template index/File namespace">File</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Talk_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Talk namespace">Talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Template namespace">Template</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/User_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template index/User namespace">User</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Userboxes" title="Wikipedia:Userboxes">Userboxes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/User_talk_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template index/User talk namespace">User talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Wikipedia_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Wikipedia namespace">Wikipedia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/WikiProject_banners" title="Wikipedia:Template index/WikiProject banners">WikiProject banners</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">All namespaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Deletion" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Deletion">Deletion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Speedy_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Speedy deletion">Speedy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Format" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Format">Formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Maintenance" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Maintenance">Maintenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Merging" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Merging">Merging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Moving" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Moving">Moving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Moving/Requested" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Moving/Requested">Requested</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Navigation_template" title="Wikipedia:Navigation template">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Redirect_pages" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Redirect pages">Redirect pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:R_template_index" title="Template:R template index">Functional index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Redirect_language_codes" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Redirect language codes">Language codes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Splitting" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Splitting">Splitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Sister projects">Wikimedia sister projects</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Navboxes<br/>with templates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Warchivenav" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Warchivenav">Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Afd_see_also_documentation" title="Template:Afd see also documentation">Articles for deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Birth,_death_and_age_templates" title="Template:Birth, death and age templates">Birth, death and age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Button_templates" title="Template:Button templates">Button</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Other_category-header_templates" title="Template:Other category-header templates">Category header</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_and_verifiability_article_maintenance_templates" title="Template:Citation and verifiability article maintenance templates">Citation and verifiability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_Style_1" title="Template:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:DRV_see_also_documentation" title="Template:DRV see also documentation">Deletion review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Editnotice_templates" title="Template:Editnotice templates">Editnotice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hatnote_templates" title="Template:Hatnote templates">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Help_desk_templates_navbox" title="Template:Help desk templates navbox">Help desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inline_cleanup_tags" title="Template:Inline cleanup tags">Inline cleanup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Introduction_cleanup_maintenance_templates" title="Template:Introduction cleanup maintenance templates">Introduction cleanup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_templates" title="Template:IPA templates">IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Math_templates" title="Template:Math templates">Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Notice_and_warning_templates" title="Template:Notice and warning templates">Notice and warnings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Organization_infoboxes" title="Template:Organization infoboxes">Organization infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Pam_see_also_documentation" title="Template:Pam see also documentation">Proposed article mergers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Protection_templates" title="Template:Protection templates">Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Quotation_templates" title="Template:Quotation templates">Quotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:R_template_index" title="Template:R template index">Redirects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Search_templates" title="Template:Search templates">Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Semantic_markup_templates" title="Template:Semantic markup templates">Semantics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Speedy_deletion_navbox" title="Template:Speedy deletion navbox">Speedy deletion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Speedy_deletion_notices" title="Template:Speedy deletion notices">Notices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:String-handling_templates" title="Template:String-handling templates">String-handling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sup_and_sub-related_templates" title="Template:Sup and sub-related templates">Sup and sub-related</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Top_icon_templates" title="Template:Top icon templates">Top icon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Transwiki_maintenance" title="Template:Transwiki maintenance">Transwiki maintenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Unicode_templates" title="Template:Unicode templates">Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:User_talk_pages" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:User talk pages">User talk pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:User_noticeboard_notices" title="Template:User noticeboard notices">User noticeboard notices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:WikiProject_Userboxes_navbox" title="Template:WikiProject Userboxes navbox">Userboxes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:User_rights_templates" title="Template:User rights templates">User rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Userspace_linking_templates" title="Template:Userspace linking templates">Userspace linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Userspace_Disclaimers" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Userspace Disclaimers">Userspace Disclaimers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikibreak_templates" title="Template:Wikibreak templates">Wikibreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:WikiLove_see_also" title="Template:WikiLove see also">WikiLove</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inline images</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Icon" title="Template:Icon">Wikipedia icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_discussion_templates" title="Wikipedia:List of discussion templates">Discussion icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Done/See_also" title="Template:Done/See also">Comment icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Emoji" title="Template:Emoji">Emoji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Help pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_documentation" title="Wikipedia:Template documentation">Template documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index/Examples" title="Wikipedia:Template index/Examples">Examples of templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Maintenance template removal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_templates" title="Wikipedia:Requested templates">Requested templates</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Template help</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:A_quick_guide_to_templates" title="Help:A quick guide to templates">Quick guide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template namespace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Templates" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Templates">WikiProject Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index" title="Wikipedia:Template index">Index</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_templates" title="Category:Wikipedia templates">Category</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Search</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/wiki/Special:Search" id="style-wide-searchbox"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="e.g. Infoboxes" size="25" dir="ltr"/></div> <input type="hidden" name="ns10" value="1" id="mw-inputbox-ns10-style-wide-searchbox0.261634017614" checked=""/> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search templates" class="cdx-button"/><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext"/></form></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"/></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_templates" title="Category:Wikipedia templates">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_help_pages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Template:Wikipedia help pages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Template talk:Wikipedia help pages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia help pages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_help_pages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Directory" title="Help:Directory">Wikipedia help pages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div> <ul><li><b>Visit the <i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">Teahouse</a></i> or the <i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></i> for an interactive <abbr title="questions and answers">Q & A</abbr> forum.</b></li></ul> <hr/> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ" title="Wikipedia:FAQ">FAQs</a></b> <b><abbr title="This is a list of frequently asked questions about using and contributing to Wikipedia.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk">Reference desks</a></b> <b><abbr title="Works like a library reference desk. Ask a question here and Wikipedia volunteers will try to answer it.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Noticeboards" title="Wikipedia:Noticeboards">Noticeboards</a></b> <b><abbr title="Pages where editors can ask questions and request assistance from people who are familiar with the policies and guidelines covered by each individual board.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Cheatsheet</a></b> <b><abbr title="For a list of the most commonly used Wiki markup and templates.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Directories_and_indexes" title="Wikipedia:Directories and indexes">Directories</a></b> <b><abbr title="For a list of Wikipedia's directories and indexes.">(?)</abbr></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a> <abbr title="Wikipedia's governess and customs">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Purpose" title="Wikipedia:Purpose">Purpose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars" title="Wikipedia:Five pillars">Principles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Policies and guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">What Wikipedia is not</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" title="Wikipedia:General disclaimer">Disclaimer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Advice_for_parents" title="Wikipedia:Advice for parents">parental advice</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Request_directory" title="Wikipedia:Request directory">Making requests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Who_writes_Wikipedia%3F" title="Wikipedia:Who writes Wikipedia?">Who writes Wikipedia?</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reader%27s_index_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Reader's index to Wikipedia">Help for readers</a> <abbr title="Concerns and questions readers may have about Wikipedia">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Readers" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Readers">FAQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_book_creator_status" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia book creator status">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Copyright" title="Help:Copyright">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Glossary" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Mobile_access" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Navigation" title="Help:Navigation">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Other_languages" title="Help:Other languages">Other languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Student_help" title="Help:Student help">Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Viewing_media" title="Help:Viewing media">Viewing media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contributing_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia">Contributing<br/>to Wikipedia</a> <abbr title="Overviews and resources needed to comprehend, comment on, and edit">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guidance_for_younger_editors" title="Wikipedia:Guidance for younger editors">Advice for young editors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoiding_common_mistakes" title="Wikipedia:Avoiding common mistakes">Avoiding common mistakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etiquette" title="Wikipedia:Etiquette">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Simplified Manual of Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_ruleset" title="Wikipedia:Simplified ruleset">Simplified rule-set</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">"Ignore all rules"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_rules_are_principles" title="Wikipedia:The rules are principles">"The rules are principles"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Style-tips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tip_of_the_day" title="Wikipedia:Tip of the day">Tip of the day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Your_first_article" title="Help:Your first article">Your first article</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">article wizard</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Getting_started" title="Help:Getting started">Getting started</a> <abbr title="Introductions and tutorials">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Why_create_an_account%3F" title="Wikipedia:Why create an account?">Why create an account?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Help:Introduction">Introductions by topic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">Graphics tutorials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pictures" title="Help:Pictures">Picture tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial">IRC <span style="font-size:85%;">(live chat)</span> tutorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User_guide" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User guide">VisualEditor user guide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Dos and don'ts">Dos and don'ts</a> <abbr title="Wikipedia policies, guidelines, and formatting standards in bullet points">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accessibility_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Accessibility dos and don'ts">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biography_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Biography dos and don'ts">Biographies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons dos and don'ts">Biographies (living)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Categorization dos and don'ts">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Consensus dos and don'ts">Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Talk dos and don'ts">Discussions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation dos and don'ts">Disambiguation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Image dos and don'ts">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lead_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Lead dos and don'ts">Leads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Linking_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Linking dos and don'ts">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:List dos and don'ts">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:References_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:References dos and don'ts">References</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Table_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Table dos and don'ts">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_title_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Article title dos and don'ts">Titles (of articles)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">How-to pages</a> and<br/><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">information pages</a> <abbr title="Topic specific informative and instructional pages">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_appealing_blocks" title="Wikipedia:Guide to appealing blocks">Appealing blocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Guide to deletion">Article deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citations_quick_reference" title="Help:Citations quick reference">Citations/references</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">Referencing for beginners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors" title="Help:Cite errors">Cite errors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:References_and_page_numbers" title="Help:References and page numbers">References and page numbers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Convert" title="Help:Convert">Convert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Minor_edit" title="Help:Minor edit">Minor edit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_toolbar" title="Help:Edit toolbar">toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict" title="Help:Edit conflict">edit conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Find_sources" title="Help:Find sources">Find sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Footnotes" title="Help:Footnotes">Footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_image_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Guide to image deletion">Image deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Infobox" title="Help:Infobox">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Linking</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Link_color" title="Help:Link color">link color</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">Merging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Page name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:How_to_move_a_page" title="Help:How to move a page">Renaming pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Redirect" title="Help:Redirect">Redirect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reset_password" title="Help:Reset password">Passwords</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Email_confirmation" title="Help:Email confirmation">Email confirmation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reverting" title="Help:Reverting">Reverting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Simple_guide_to_vandalism_cleanup" title="Help:Simple guide to vandalism cleanup">Simple vandalism cleanup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">Talk pages</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">archiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_(plain_and_simple)" title="Help:Archiving (plain and simple)">simple archiving</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_contributions" title="Help:User contributions">User contributions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:WP_search_protocol" title="Help:WP search protocol">WP search protocol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wiki_markup" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiki markup">Coding</a> <abbr title="Wikitext information consists of the syntax used to format a page">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wiki markup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Barchart" title="Help:Barchart">Barcharts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Calculation" title="Help:Calculation">Calculations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">Characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Columns" title="Help:Columns">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Elevation" title="Help:Elevation">Elevation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">Hidden text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:List" title="Help:List">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">Magic words</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Musical_symbols" title="Help:Musical symbols">Music symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Sections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup" title="Help:Sound file markup">Sounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Tables</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion">Transclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup" title="Help:Visual file markup">Visual files</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Directories_and_indexes" title="Wikipedia:Directories and indexes">Directories</a> <abbr title="Wikipedia's directories and indexes">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Wikipedia:Contents">Contents</a> <small>(Encyclopedia proper)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Department_directory" title="Wikipedia:Department directory">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Editor%27s_index_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Editor's index to Wikipedia">Editor's index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Essay_directory" title="Wikipedia:Essay directory">Essays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Index">FAQs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Glossary" title="Wikipedia:Glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">Guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Manual of Style </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies" title="Wikipedia:List of policies">Policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maintenance" title="Wikipedia:Maintenance">Tasks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tips" title="Wikipedia:Tips">Tips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Tools</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div><b> <a href="/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual">Missing Manual</a></b> <hr/> <span class="noprint plainlinks" title="Edit Special:MyTalk"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:MyTalk&action=edit&section=new&preload=Help:Contents/helpmepreload&preloadtitle=Help+me%21"><b>Ask for help on your talk page</b></a></span> <b><abbr title="If you need help, you can use this link to ask a question on your talk page; a volunteer will visit you there shortly!">(?)</abbr></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_technical_help" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Template:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Template talk:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_technical_help" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Directory#Technical_help" title="Help:Directory">Wikipedia technical help</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div><b>Get personal technical help at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">the Teahouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">help desk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(technical)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)">village pump (technical)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_talk_pages/1" title="Help:Introduction to talk pages/1">talk pages</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC" title="Wikipedia:IRC">IRC</a>.</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Technical" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Technical">General<br/>technical help</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Browser_notes" title="Wikipedia:Browser notes">Browser notes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bypass_your_cache" title="Wikipedia:Bypass your cache">Bypass cache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Keyboard_shortcuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Keyboard shortcuts">Keyboard shortcuts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:CharInsert" title="Help:CharInsert">CharInsert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict" title="Help:Edit conflict">Edit conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_toolbar" title="Help:Edit toolbar">Edit toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reverting" title="Help:Reverting">Reverting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_a_page" title="Wikipedia:How to create a page">How to create a page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC" title="Wikipedia:IRC">IRC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial">Tutorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Mobile_access" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support" title="Help:Multilingual support">Multilingual support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">Page history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_information" title="Help:Page information">Page information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name" title="Wikipedia:Page name">Page name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Help</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Printing" title="Help:Printing">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Software_notices" title="Wikipedia:Software notices">Software notices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Editnotice" title="Wikipedia:Editnotice">Editnotice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">Special Characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Entering_special_characters" title="Help:Entering special characters">Entering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_access_levels" title="Wikipedia:User access levels">User access levels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor">VisualEditor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:VisualEditor" title="Help:VisualEditor">Help</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="Special:SpecialPages">Special<br/>page</a>-related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_page" title="Help:Special page">Special page help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:AllPages" title="Help:AllPages">AllPages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_filter" title="Wikipedia:Edit filter">Edit filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Emailing_users" title="Wikipedia:Emailing users">Emailing users</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reset_password" title="Help:Reset password">Reset passwords</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Log" title="Help:Log">Logs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_a_page" title="Wikipedia:Moving a page">Moving a page</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:History_merging" title="Wikipedia:History merging">History merging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:When_to_place_technical_requests_in_%22Administrator_needed%22" title="Help:When to place technical requests in "Administrator needed"">Non-admin and admin-only page moves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Notifications" title="Help:Notifications">Notifications/Echo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Notifications/FAQ" title="Help:Notifications/FAQ">FAQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_Curation/Help" title="Wikipedia:Page Curation/Help">Page Curation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Import" title="Help:Import">Page import</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">Pending changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Random" title="Wikipedia:Random">Random pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Recent_changes" title="Help:Recent changes">Recent changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Related_changes" title="Help:Related changes">Related changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Linksearch" title="Help:Linksearch">Linksearch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tags" title="Wikipedia:Tags">Tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_contributions" title="Help:User contributions">User contributions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Watchlist" title="Help:Watchlist">Watchlist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:What_links_here" title="Help:What links here">What links here</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wikitext</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wikitext</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Cheatsheet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Columns" title="Help:Columns">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Line-break_handling" title="Help:Line-break handling">Line-break handling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:List" title="Help:List">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">Magic words</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words_for_beginners" title="Help:Magic words for beginners">For beginners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Conditional_expressions" title="Help:Conditional expressions">Conditional expressions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Switch_parser_function" title="Help:Switch parser function">Switch parser function</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Time_function" title="Help:Time function">Time function</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Redirect" title="Help:Redirect">Redirects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Sections and TOCs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Tables</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_tables_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to tables with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Basic_table_markup" title="Help:Basic table markup">Basics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Advanced_table_formatting" title="Help:Advanced table formatting">Advanced table formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Collapsing" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Collapsing">Collapsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Conditional_tables" title="Help:Conditional tables">Conditional tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sortable_tables" title="Help:Sortable tables">Sortable tables</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Using_colours" title="Help:Using colours">Using colours</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Links</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">diffs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Links</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Interlanguage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Interwiki_linking" title="Help:Interwiki linking">Interwiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">Permanent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diffs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplest_diff_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simplest diff guide">Simplest diff guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simple diff and link guide">Simple diff and link guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Complete_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Complete diff and link guide">Complete diff and link guide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Colon_trick" title="Help:Colon trick">Colon trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link_color" title="Help:Link color">Link color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pipe_trick" title="Help:Pipe trick">Pipe trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URLs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media" class="mw-disambig" title="Wikipedia:Media">Media</a> files: images,<br/>videos and sounds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">Media help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Files</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files" title="Help:Creation and usage of media files">Creation and usage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_files_to_Commons" title="Wikipedia:Moving files to Commons">Moving files to Commons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Images" title="Wikipedia:Images">Images</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_images_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to images with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction to images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pictures" title="Help:Pictures">Picture tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Preparing_images_for_upload" title="Wikipedia:Preparing images for upload">Preparing images for upload</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uploading_images" title="Wikipedia:Uploading images">Uploading images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Options_to_hide_an_image" title="Help:Options to hide an image">Options to hide an image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_image_syntax" title="Wikipedia:Extended image syntax">Extended image syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SVG_help" title="Wikipedia:SVG help">SVG help</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Gallery_tag" title="Help:Gallery tag">Gallery tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">Graphics tutorials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_bitmap_image_editing" title="Wikipedia:Basic bitmap image editing">Basic bitmap image editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_improve_image_quality" title="Wikipedia:How to improve image quality">How to improve image quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_Lab/Resources" title="Wikipedia:Graphics Lab/Resources">Graphics Lab resources</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup" title="Help:Sound file markup">Sound file markup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup" title="Help:Visual file markup">Visual file markup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Other graphics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Family_trees" title="Help:Family trees">Family trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphs_and_charts" title="Wikipedia:Graphs and charts">Graphs and charts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles" title="Wikipedia:How to create charts for Wikipedia articles">How to create</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Barchart" title="Help:Barchart">Barcharts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:To_scale_charts" title="Wikipedia:To scale charts">To scale charts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Math formulas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula#Use_of_HTML_templates" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Math symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Score" title="Help:Score">Musical scores</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Musical_symbols" title="Help:Musical symbols">Musical symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Timeline" title="Wikipedia:Timeline">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:EasyTimeline_syntax" title="Help:EasyTimeline syntax">EasyTimeline syntax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:WikiHiero_syntax" title="Help:WikiHiero syntax">WikiHiero syntax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:A_quick_guide_to_templates" title="Help:A quick guide to templates">Templates</a> and<br/><a href="/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)" title="Lua (programming language)">Lua</a> modules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Advanced_template_coding" title="Wikipedia:Advanced template coding">Advanced template coding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_documentation" title="Wikipedia:Template documentation">Template documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index" title="Wikipedia:Template index">Template index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template_limits" title="Help:Template limits">Template limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_sandbox_and_test_cases" title="Wikipedia:Template sandbox and test cases">Template sandbox and test cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">Citation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Lua" title="Help:Lua">Lua help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Lua project</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/Resources" title="Wikipedia:Lua/Resources">Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/To_do" title="Wikipedia:Lua/To do">To do</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">Substitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Purge" title="Help:Purge">Purge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Job_queue" title="Help:Job queue">Job queue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">Transclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Labeled_section_transclusion" title="Help:Labeled section transclusion">Labeled section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion_costs_and_benefits" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion costs and benefits">Costs and benefits</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling" title="Wikipedia:Guide to Scribbling">Guide to Scribbling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration#Data_structure_and_development" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Data structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">Namespaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_an_article%3F" title="Wikipedia:What is an article?">Main/Article</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Drafts" title="Wikipedia:Drafts">Draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">File</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:File_description_page" title="Help:File description page">File description page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Help namespace">Help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">Project/Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">Talk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">Archiving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_(plain_and_simple)" title="Help:Archiving (plain and simple)">Simple</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_page_design_guide" title="Wikipedia:User page design guide">User page design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:MediaWiki_namespace" title="Help:MediaWiki namespace">MediaWiki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bug_reports_and_feature_requests" title="Wikipedia:Bug reports and feature requests">Bug reports and feature requests</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:TimedMediaHandler" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:TimedMediaHandler">TimedMediaHandler extension</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_page" title="Help:Special page">Special</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> and <a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cascading_Style_Sheets" title="Help:Cascading Style Sheets">Cascading Style Sheets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">HTML in wikitext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Catalogue_of_CSS_classes" title="Wikipedia:Catalogue of CSS classes">Catalogue of CSS classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Common.js_and_common.css" title="Wikipedia:Common.js and common.css">Common.js and common.css</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mxt/User_CSS_for_a_monospaced_coding_font" title="Template:Mxt/User CSS for a monospaced coding font">User CSS for monospaced coding font</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Microformats/classes" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats/classes">Classes in microformats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Markup_validation" title="Help:Markup validation">Markup validation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Span_tags" title="Wikipedia:Span tags">Span tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Useful_styles" title="Help:Useful styles">Useful styles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Customisation" title="Wikipedia:Customisation">Customisation</a><br/>and tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Preferences" title="Help:Preferences">Preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gadget" title="Wikipedia:Gadget">Gadgets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Skin" title="Wikipedia:Skin">Skins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_tools" title="Help:Citation tools">Citation tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleaning_up_vandalism/Tools" title="Wikipedia:Cleaning up vandalism/Tools">Cleaning up vandalism tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Customizing_watchlists" title="Wikipedia:Customizing watchlists">Customizing watchlists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Hide_Pages_in_Watchlist" title="Help:Hide Pages in Watchlist">Hide pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Scripts" title="Wikipedia:Scripts">IRC Scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts" title="Wikipedia:User scripts">User scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Guide" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Guide">Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/List" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/List">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Techniques" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Techniques">Techniques</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_style" title="Help:User style">User style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Tools</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative_browsing" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative browsing">Alternative browsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Browser_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Browser tools">Browser tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Editing_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Editing tools">Editing tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_shortcuts" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation shortcuts">Navigation shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum_tool_set" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum tool set">Optimum tool set</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_Cloud_Services" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia Cloud Services">Wikimedia Cloud Services</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Beta_Features" class="extiw" title="mw:Beta Features">Beta Features at MediaWiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Automated editing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Helper_script" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Articles for creation/Helper script">AfC helper script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AntiVandal" title="Wikipedia:AntiVandal">AntiVandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser" title="Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser">AutoWikiBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bots" title="Wikipedia:Bots">Bots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Creating_a_bot" title="Help:Creating a bot">Creating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:History_of_Wikipedia_bots" title="Wikipedia:History of Wikipedia bots">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:HotCat" title="Wikipedia:HotCat">HotCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Huggle" title="Wikipedia:Huggle">Huggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_popups" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation popups">Navigation popups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RedWarn" title="Wikipedia:RedWarn">RedWarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Twinkle" title="Wikipedia:Twinkle">Twinkle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ultraviolet" title="Wikipedia:Ultraviolet">Ultraviolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WPCleaner" title="Wikipedia:WPCleaner">WPCleaner</a></li> <li>Inactive <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Igloo" title="Wikipedia:Igloo">igloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:STiki" title="Wikipedia:STiki">STiki</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li>See also: <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">Category:Wikipedia how-to</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">Category:Wikipedia information pages</a></b><br/>Further navigation at: <a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Template:Wikipedia help pages">Help pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrators%27_guide" title="Template:Administrators' guide">Administrators</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Accessibility/Navigation_menu" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Accessibility/Navigation menu">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_accounts" title="Template:Wikipedia accounts">Accounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Botnav" title="Template:Botnav">Bots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_referencing" title="Template:Wikipedia referencing">Referencing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_metadata_navbox" title="Template:Citation metadata navbox">Citation metadata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_templates" title="Template:Wikipedia templates">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Navbox" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Navbox">User scripts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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