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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Immediate aftermath</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Immediate_aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Immediate aftermath subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Immediate_aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mass_transit_adjustments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mass_transit_adjustments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Mass transit adjustments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mass_transit_adjustments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regulatory_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regulatory_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Regulatory 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Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisenbahnunfall_von_Port_Richmond" title="Eisenbahnunfall von Port Richmond – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Eisenbahnunfall von Port Richmond" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accident_ferroviaire_de_Philadelphie" title="Accident ferroviaire de Philadelphie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Accident ferroviaire de Philadelphie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%EB%85%84_%ED%95%84%EB%9D%BC%EB%8D%B8%ED%94%BC%EC%95%84_%EC%B2%A0%EB%8F%84_%ED%83%88%EC%84%A0_%EC%82%AC%EA%B3%A0" title="2015년 필라델피아 철도 탈선 사고 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="2015년 필라델피아 철도 탈선 사고" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphiai_vas%C3%BAti_baleset" title="Philadelphiai vasúti baleset – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Philadelphiai vasúti baleset" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%E5%B9%B4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E8%84%B1%E7%B7%9A%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85" title="2015年アムトラック脱線事故 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="2015年アムトラック脱線事故" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descarrilamento_de_trem_na_Filad%C3%A9lfia" title="Descarrilamento de trem na Filadélfia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Descarrilamento de trem na Filadélfia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catastrofa_feroviar%C4%83_de_la_Philadelphia_din_2015" title="Catastrofa feroviară de la Philadelphia din 2015 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Catastrofa feroviară de la Philadelphia din 2015" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B8_(2015)" title="Крушение поезда в Филадельфии (2015) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Крушение поезда в Филадельфии (2015)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment" title="2015 Philadelphia train derailment – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="2015 Philadelphia train derailment" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2558" title="เหตุรถไฟตกรางในฟิลาเดลเฟีย พ.ศ. 2558 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เหตุรถไฟตกรางในฟิลาเดลเฟีย พ.ศ. 2558" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">2015 railroad accident in Pennsylvania, US</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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.ib-public-transit-accident .ib-route-map-image img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-public-transit-accident .infobox-label{white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em}.mw-parser-output .ib-public-transit-accident .infobox-data{line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-public-transit-accident .ib-route-map{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-public-transit-accident .ib-route-map-name{text-align:center;background-color:#8A4437;color:white}.mw-parser-output .ib-public-transit-accident .ib-route-map-image{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ib-public-transit-accident .infobox-below{border-top:1px #aaa solid}</style><table class="infobox ib-public-transit-accident vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary notheme">2015 Philadelphia train derailment</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:2015_Amtrak_derailment_DCA15MR010_Prelim_Fig2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Aerial view of two intact passenger cars resting on their side and one passenger car warped and split open" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/2015_Amtrak_derailment_DCA15MR010_Prelim_Fig2.jpg/300px-2015_Amtrak_derailment_DCA15MR010_Prelim_Fig2.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/2015_Amtrak_derailment_DCA15MR010_Prelim_Fig2.jpg/450px-2015_Amtrak_derailment_DCA15MR010_Prelim_Fig2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/2015_Amtrak_derailment_DCA15MR010_Prelim_Fig2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="295" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">Aerial view of the wreckage after the crash, showing the first three of the seven passenger cars.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od 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href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="2015 Philadelphia train derailment is located in the United States"><img alt="2015 Philadelphia train derailment is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/220px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/330px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/440px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.637%;left:84.305%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="2015 Philadelphia train derailment"><img alt="2015 Philadelphia train derailment" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United States</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">May 12, 2015<span class="noprint">; 9 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2015-05-12</span>)</span> <br />9:23 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Daylight Time">EDT</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9204:00" title="UTC−04:00">UTC−4</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Port_Richmond,_Philadelphia" title="Port Richmond, Philadelphia">Port Richmond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment&params=40_00_06_N_75_05_37_W_type:event"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°00′06″N</span> <span class="longitude">75°05′37″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.00167°N 75.09361°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.00167; -75.09361</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Line</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Regional" title="Northeast Regional">Northeast Regional</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Incident type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Derailment" title="Derailment">Derailment</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause</th><td class="infobox-data">Loss of <a href="/wiki/Situational_awareness" class="mw-redirect" title="Situational awareness">situational awareness</a> by train engineer</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Statistics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Trains</th><td class="infobox-data">1 (locomotive plus seven cars)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Passengers</th><td class="infobox-data">238</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Crew</th><td class="infobox-data">5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deaths</th><td class="infobox-data">8<sup id="cite_ref-NYTBostianAgrees_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTBostianAgrees-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Injured</th><td class="infobox-data">200+ (11 critical)<sup id="cite_ref-wpvi_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wpvi-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Accused</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">Brandon Bostian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Charges</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catastrophic_failure" title="Catastrophic failure">Causing a catastrophe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Involuntary_manslaughter" class="mw-redirect" title="Involuntary manslaughter">Involuntary manslaughter</a> (8 counts)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reckless_endangerment" class="mw-redirect" title="Reckless endangerment">Reckless endangerment</a> (238 counts)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Verdict</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Acquittal" title="Acquittal">Not guilty on all counts</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On May 12, 2015, an <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Regional" title="Northeast Regional">Northeast Regional</a></i> train from <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> bound for <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> derailed and wrecked on the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Corridor" title="Northeast Corridor">Northeast Corridor</a> near the Kensington neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. Of the 238 passengers and 5 crew on board, 8 were killed and over 200 were injured, with 11 critically so. The train was traveling at 102 mph (164 km/h) in a 50 mph (80 km/h) zone of curved tracks when it derailed.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of the passengers had to be extricated from the wrecked cars. Many of the passengers and local residents helped first responders during the rescue operation. Five local hospitals treated the injured. The derailment disrupted train service for several days.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Transportation_Safety_Board" title="National Transportation Safety Board">National Transportation Safety Board</a> determined that the derailment was caused by the train's engineer (driver) becoming distracted by other radio transmissions and losing <a href="/wiki/Situation_awareness" title="Situation awareness">situational awareness</a>, and said that it would have been prevented by <a href="/wiki/Positive_train_control" title="Positive train control">positive train control</a>, a computerized speed-limiting system that was operational elsewhere on the Northeast Corridor, but whose activation at the wreck site had been delayed due to regulatory requirements. The track in question was also not equipped with ATC (<a href="/wiki/Automatic_train_control" title="Automatic train control">automatic train control</a>), an older and simpler system that had been operational for years on the southbound track of the curve at which the derailment occurred, and that also would have limited the train's speed entering the curve.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after the derailment, Amtrak completed ATC installation on the northbound track.<sup id="cite_ref-CNNATCPTC_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNATCPTC-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2015 wreck was the deadliest on the Northeast Corridor since 1987, when <a href="/wiki/1987_Maryland_train_collision" title="1987 Maryland train collision">16 people died in a wreck</a> near Baltimore.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTBostianAgrees_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTBostianAgrees-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The train engineer, 32-year old Brandon Bostian, was arrested and charged with one count of causing a catastrophe, eight counts of <a href="/wiki/Involuntary_manslaughter" class="mw-redirect" title="Involuntary manslaughter">involuntary manslaughter</a>, and 238 counts of <a href="/wiki/Reckless_endangerment" class="mw-redirect" title="Reckless endangerment">reckless endangerment</a>. On March 4, 2022, a jury <a href="/wiki/Acquittal" title="Acquittal">acquitted</a> Bostian on all counts.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Derailment">Derailment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Derailment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment.svg/250px-2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment.svg/330px-2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment.svg/500px-2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="671" /></a><figcaption>Map of the train's position following the derailment</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2015_Amtrak_derailment_DCA15MR010_Prelim_Fig1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/2015_Amtrak_derailment_DCA15MR010_Prelim_Fig1.jpg/220px-2015_Amtrak_derailment_DCA15MR010_Prelim_Fig1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/2015_Amtrak_derailment_DCA15MR010_Prelim_Fig1.jpg/330px-2015_Amtrak_derailment_DCA15MR010_Prelim_Fig1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/2015_Amtrak_derailment_DCA15MR010_Prelim_Fig1.jpg/440px-2015_Amtrak_derailment_DCA15MR010_Prelim_Fig1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="416" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of the derailed train</figcaption></figure> <p>At about 9:10 p.m. (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">EDT</a>) on Tuesday, May 12, 2015, Amtrak's northbound <i>Northeast Regional</i> <abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> 188 led by Amtrak ACS-64 601 departed Philadelphia's <a href="/wiki/30th_Street_Station" title="30th Street Station">30th Street Station</a> en route to <a href="/wiki/New_York_Pennsylvania_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Pennsylvania Station">New York City</a> from <a href="/wiki/Washington_Union_Station" title="Washington Union Station">Washington D.C.</a><sup id="cite_ref-wpvi_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wpvi-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-guardian_20150513_0818am_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian_20150513_0818am-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The train consisted of seven cars hauled by a year-old <a href="/wiki/Siemens_ACS-64" title="Siemens ACS-64">Amtrak Cities Sprinter</a> (ACS)-64 locomotive, No. 601. The <a href="/wiki/Railroad_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Railroad engineer">engineer</a> was Brandon Bostian, who had begun working the route a few weeks prior.<sup id="cite_ref-DreamJob_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DreamJob-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The train entered a four-<a href="/wiki/Degree_of_curvature" title="Degree of curvature">degree</a> left curve on the four-track line<sup id="cite_ref-brotzman_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brotzman-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the railroad's <a href="/wiki/Frankford_Junction" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankford Junction">Frankford Junction</a> near the intersection of Frankford Avenue and Wheatsheaf Lane, where it derailed and wrecked at approximately 9:23<span class="nowrap"> </span>p.m.(EDT).<sup id="cite_ref-ABCGo_20150513_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABCGo_20150513-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Passengers reported that the front of the train shook at first, before coming to an abrupt stop.<sup id="cite_ref-amtrakcrash_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amtrakcrash-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The entire train went off the track, with three cars rolling onto their sides.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WSJ_20150513_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJ_20150513-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The train sustained at least $9.2 million in estimated damages.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The train should have been slowing to approach the curve with a reduced speed of 80 mph (130 km/h) during its approach, and 50 mph (80 km/h) within the curve itself,<sup id="cite_ref-wpvi_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wpvi-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WSJ_20150513_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJ_20150513-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nbcphil_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbcphil-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-amtrakETT_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amtrakETT-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but instead, it had accelerated into the curve and was traveling at 106 mph (171 km/h) as its engineer<sup id="cite_ref-DreamJob_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DreamJob-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> applied the <a href="/wiki/Emergency_brake_(train)" title="Emergency brake (train)">emergency brake</a>, and 102 mph (164 km/h) when it derailed,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> according to Robert L. Sumwalt, the <a href="/wiki/National_Transportation_Safety_Board" title="National Transportation Safety Board">National Transportation Safety Board</a>'s lead investigator, who cited the onboard event recorder recovered from the wreckage. Investigators are working to determine why the train entered the curve at such a high speed. The windshield of the locomotive may have been hit by a projectile shortly before the derailment.<sup id="cite_ref-ReutersProjectile_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReutersProjectile-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Proponents argue the train should have been equipped with <a href="/wiki/Positive_train_control" title="Positive train control">positive train control</a> (PTC), which can automatically stop a train or slow it to a safe speed if the engineer fails to do so promptly. Amtrak officials said PTC had been installed on the tracks ahead of a Congress-mandated December 2015 deadline, but had yet to be operational due to "budgetary shortfalls, technical hurdles and bureaucratic rules". For four years, the railroad struggled with the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">FCC</a> to purchase the rights to airwaves in the Northeast Corridor required for PTC,<sup id="cite_ref-redtape_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redtape-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which might have limited the train's speed and thereby prevented the wreck. During a press conference, <a href="/wiki/National_Transportation_Safety_Board" title="National Transportation Safety Board">NTSB</a> member Robert Sumwalt told reporters, "Based on what we know right now, we feel that had such a system been installed in this section of track, this accident would not have occurred."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The track in question was not equipped with <a href="/wiki/Automatic_Train_Control" class="mw-redirect" title="Automatic Train Control">Automatic Train Control</a> (ATC), which had been operational for years on the southbound track of the curve at which the derailment occurred, and which also would have limited the train's speed entering the curve. Shortly after the derailment, Amtrak completed ATC installation on the northbound track.<sup id="cite_ref-CNNATCPTC_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNATCPTC-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This fatal derailment was the second at Frankford Junction. On September 6, 1943, on the same tracks and within two blocks of the 2015 wreck site, an extra section of the <i>Congressional Limited</i>, then the Pennsylvania Railroad's premier Washington-to-New York service, <a href="/wiki/1943_Frankford_Junction_train_wreck" title="1943 Frankford Junction train wreck">derailed approaching the same curve</a> en route to New York, killing 79 people and injuring 117 others.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Immediate_aftermath">Immediate aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Immediate aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amtrak_ACS-64_601.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Amtrak_ACS-64_601.jpg/220px-Amtrak_ACS-64_601.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Amtrak_ACS-64_601.jpg/330px-Amtrak_ACS-64_601.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Amtrak_ACS-64_601.jpg/440px-Amtrak_ACS-64_601.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Amtrak_Cities_Sprinter" class="mw-redirect" title="Amtrak Cities Sprinter">ACS-64</a> locomotive 601 led the train that derailed</figcaption></figure> <p>Some passengers were able to walk off the train, while others needed to be rescued with <a href="/wiki/Cutting_tool_(machining)" title="Cutting tool (machining)">cutting tools</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, a crane was brought to the site to lift the overturned train cars, in part to search for trapped victims.<sup id="cite_ref-wpvi_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wpvi-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-guardian_20150513_0818am_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian_20150513_0818am-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More than 200 passengers were treated at area hospitals, including <a href="/wiki/Temple_University_Hospital" title="Temple University Hospital">Temple University Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aria-Jefferson_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Aria-Jefferson Health">Aria Health</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hahnemann_University_Hospital" title="Hahnemann University Hospital">Hahnemann University Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Health" title="Jefferson Health">Jefferson University Hospital</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Einstein_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Einstein Medical Center">Einstein Medical Center</a>. Most of the injured passengers sustained minor <a href="/wiki/Wound" title="Wound">lacerations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bruise" title="Bruise">contusions</a>, while some also had fractured bones; 11 were critically injured.<sup id="cite_ref-wpvi_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wpvi-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-abcnews_20150513_1151am_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abcnews_20150513_1151am-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bostian, the engineer, survived the wreck with leg injuries, a concussion, and a head wound.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTBostianAgrees_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTBostianAgrees-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-abcnews_20150513_1151am_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abcnews_20150513_1151am-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYTBostianChildhood_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTBostianChildhood-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eight passengers died, including one at Temple University Hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTBostianAgrees_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTBostianAgrees-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Former Congressman <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Murphy_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="Patrick Murphy (Pennsylvania politician)">Patrick Murphy</a>, who was a passenger on the train, said: "There was a lot of mayhem. A lot of blood, a lot of bleeding. I pulled myself up. The guy who I kind of landed on was OK. The guy next to him was completely passed out, knocked unconscious. People were pretty banged up." He said that after the train derailed, there were loud banging sounds and the train was shaking. Murphy, who sustained minor injuries in the wreck, helped other passengers leave the train.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_20150513_0818am_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian_20150513_0818am-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The man seated next to Murphy eventually regained consciousness, walked off the train, and helped other passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-abcnews_20150513_1151am_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abcnews_20150513_1151am-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a> Senator <a href="/wiki/Tom_Carper" title="Tom Carper">Tom Carper</a> had been on the same train, but got off at an earlier stop in <a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington, Delaware</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chef <a href="/wiki/Eli_Kulp" title="Eli Kulp">Eli Kulp</a> was among the badly injured passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-Hilario_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hilario-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Klein_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Paul Cheung, an <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> manager, was also on the train. He said that before the train derailed, it "started to decelerate, like someone had slammed the brake. Then suddenly you could see everything starting to shake. You could see people's stuff flying over me."<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_20150513_0818am_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian_20150513_0818am-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Passenger Daniel Wetrin was taken to a nearby school after the wreck. He said, "I walked off as if, like, I was in a movie. There were people standing around, people with bloody faces ... power cables all buckled down as you stepped off the train."<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_20150513_0818am_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian_20150513_0818am-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another man took a cell phone video of the wreck's aftermath, in which rescuers are telling trapped passengers to crawl to safety, while other passengers cry and moan.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_20150513_0818am_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian_20150513_0818am-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One Port Richmond resident said the wreck felt like "a mild earthquake"; another said it "sounded like a bomb."<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mass_transit_adjustments">Mass transit adjustments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mass transit adjustments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Empty_penn_station.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Empty_penn_station.JPG/250px-Empty_penn_station.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Empty_penn_station.JPG/330px-Empty_penn_station.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Empty_penn_station.JPG/500px-Empty_penn_station.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The virtually empty Amtrak waiting area of <a href="/wiki/Penn_Station_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Penn Station (New York City)">New York Penn Station</a> on May 14 as dozens of trains were cancelled between Philadelphia and New York</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> service was suspended along the Northeast Corridor between <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Station_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Station (New York City)">New York City</a> and <a href="/wiki/30th_Street_Station" title="30th Street Station">Philadelphia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wpvi2_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wpvi2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wcau_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wcau-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Service resumed on May 18, 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NJ_Transit_Rail_Operations" title="NJ Transit Rail Operations">New Jersey Transit</a> suspended service along the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City_Line" title="Atlantic City Line">Atlantic City Line</a> between Philadelphia and <a href="/wiki/Cherry_Hill_station_(NJ_Transit)" title="Cherry Hill station (NJ Transit)">Cherry Hill</a>. Service resumed on May 15, 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEPTA_Regional_Rail" title="SEPTA Regional Rail">SEPTA Regional Rail</a> service on the <a href="/wiki/Trenton_Line_(SEPTA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trenton Line (SEPTA)">Trenton Line</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chestnut_Hill_West_Line" title="Chestnut Hill West Line">Chestnut Hill West Line</a> was also suspended.<sup id="cite_ref-wpvi2_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wpvi2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wcau_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wcau-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Service resumed on May 18, 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regulatory_response">Regulatory response</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Regulatory response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On May 19, 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Railroad_Administration" title="Federal Railroad Administration">Federal Railroad Administration</a> issued an emergency order to Amtrak related to the derailment. It required Amtrak to modify its <a href="/wiki/Automatic_train_control" title="Automatic train control">automatic train control</a> system to enforce the passenger train speed limit on the curve where the derailment occurred, while noting that Amtrak had already implemented the changes at the time of the order. It also required Amtrak to identify other curves on the Northeast Corridor with a more than 20 mph drop in the authorized approach speed and carry out similar changes, and install additional passenger-train speed-limit signage.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Investigation_and_NTSB_findings">Investigation and NTSB findings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Investigation and NTSB findings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NTSB_2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/NTSB_2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment_1.jpg/220px-NTSB_2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/NTSB_2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment_1.jpg/330px-NTSB_2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/NTSB_2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment_1.jpg/440px-NTSB_2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5596" data-file-height="3382" /></a><figcaption>NTSB investigators arrive on the scene of the derailment</figcaption></figure> <p>After an initial investigation of the scene, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> (FBI) said there was no indication that the derailment was <a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_States" title="Terrorism in the United States">terrorism</a>-related.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_20150513_0818am_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian_20150513_0818am-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An NTSB team also investigated.<sup id="cite_ref-amtrakcrash_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amtrakcrash-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Preliminary information suggested that the derailment was accidental, according to informal statements made by both agencies, which continue to investigate.<sup id="cite_ref-wcau_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wcau-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early June authorities stated that they were still investigating the reason the train entered the curve while speeding.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Investigators are focusing on why the train entered the curve too fast; it passed 70 mph (110 km/h) at 65 seconds before the wreck, 100 mph (160 km/h) just 16 seconds before, and the emergency brake was applied just seconds before the wreck.<sup id="cite_ref-CBSDerailed1_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBSDerailed1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WJLASpeeding_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJLASpeeding-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All of the locomotives' controls could only be manipulated manually by the engineer when it derailed. The engine was not aging equipment as it was only a year old and had no reported history of unintended acceleration.<sup id="cite_ref-CBSDerailed1_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBSDerailed1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bostian was not talking on the phone, texting or using smartphone data during the accident, nor was he using alcohol or drugs.<sup id="cite_ref-PhillyDismissed_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PhillyDismissed-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NTSB has told Congress that human error is a likely factor.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTPhone_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTPhone-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bostian's lawyer said that his client does not recall much about the accident because of a <a href="/wiki/Concussion" title="Concussion">concussion</a> he sustained in the wreck, but that "he remembers coming into a curve. He remembers attempting to reduce speed and thereafter he was knocked out."<sup id="cite_ref-WJLASpeeding_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WJLASpeeding-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NTSB interviewed Bostian on May 15, who said he had "no recollection" of events after the train passed North Philadelphia station. Lead NTSB investigator Robert Sumwalt said Bostian was "extremely cooperative".<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earlier, Sumwalt had said, "for somebody who's been through a traumatic event, this is not at all unusual for human behavior to have the mind blank out things like that, at least for the short term."<sup id="cite_ref-NYTBostianAgrees_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTBostianAgrees-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYTBostianChildhood_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTBostianChildhood-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <i>The New York Times Magazine</i>, investigators focused on two possibilities: that a rock hit the windshield of the locomotive and caused Bostian to be distracted or disoriented, or that he mistakenly believed he was in a different curve. Both would result in Bostian losing <a href="/wiki/Situation_awareness" title="Situation awareness">situational awareness</a> and allowing the train to enter the curve too fast.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTMag_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTMag-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At a hearing on May 17, 2016, the National Transportation Safety Board reported that the primary cause of the derailment was a loss of situational awareness by the train's operator, likely caused by distracting radio chatter from a nearby SEPTA train that had experienced an emergency situation. Someone had thrown a rock at the SEPTA train's windshield, shattering it and blinding the conductor. This distraction resulted in the operator believing he was further down the track than he was, thus accelerating the train before the curve rather than after it. The board concluded that the accident would have been entirely prevented if the line had been equipped with positive train control, which would have recognized and applied the appropriate speed limit, and chairman <a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Hart" title="Christopher A. Hart">Christopher A. Hart</a> called on federal railroad regulators to "end this list of PTC preventable fatalities and injuries right now."<sup id="cite_ref-PhillydotcomNTSB_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PhillydotcomNTSB-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Response_of_politicians">Response of politicians</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Response of politicians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NTSB_2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Four investigators look at one of the damaged train cars with Amtrak marked on the side" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/NTSB_2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment_3.jpg/250px-NTSB_2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/NTSB_2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment_3.jpg/330px-NTSB_2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/NTSB_2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment_3.jpg/500px-NTSB_2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3482" /></a><figcaption>Investigators inspect the derailed locomotive</figcaption></figure> <p>Philadelphia Mayor <a href="/wiki/Michael_Nutter" title="Michael Nutter">Michael Nutter</a> said of the wreck, "It is an absolute disastrous mess."<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_20150513_0818am_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian_20150513_0818am-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pennsylvania Governor <a href="/wiki/Tom_Wolf" title="Tom Wolf">Tom Wolf</a> said, "Anything that the state can do, we stand ready to do that."<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_20150513_0818am_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian_20150513_0818am-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amtrak was "deeply saddened by the loss of life from Amtrak Northeast Regional Train 188," according to a statement released on May 13.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_20150513_0818am_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian_20150513_0818am-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vice President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> said, "Amtrak is like a second family to me, as it is for so many other passengers." He said he had taken about 8,000 Amtrak trips to and from Washington during his career.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, in his statement following the accident, said: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Along with Americans across our country, <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle</a> and I were shocked and deeply saddened to hear of the derailment aboard Amtrak Train 188. Our thoughts and prayers go out to the families and friends of those we lost last night, and to the many passengers who today begin their long road to recovery. Along the Northeast Corridor, Amtrak is a way of life for many. From Washington, DC and Philadelphia to New York City, this is a tragedy that touches us all. As we work to determine exactly what happened, I commend the fire, police and medical personnel working tirelessly and professionally to save lives. Philadelphia is known as the city of brotherly love – a city of neighborhoods and neighbors – and that spirit of loving-kindness was reaffirmed last night, as hundreds of first responders and passengers lent a hand to their fellow human beings in need.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The day following the derailment, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Appropriations" title="United States House Committee on Appropriations">U.S. House Appropriations Committee</a> passed a measure to cut $260 million from Amtrak's $1.36 billion budget for the next fiscal year. Democrat <a href="/wiki/Nita_Lowey" title="Nita Lowey">Nita Lowey</a> said, "While we don't know the cause of this accident, we do know that starving rail of funding will not enable safer train travel." In the same meeting, some <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a> criticized <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a> for linking the budget to the wreck. Idaho Rep. <a href="/wiki/Mike_Simpson" title="Mike Simpson">Mike Simpson</a> admonished the Democrats for taking advantage of the situation, saying, "Don't use this tragedy in that way. It was beneath you."<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resulting_changes">Resulting changes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Resulting changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a result of the derailment and in particular the inability of the engineer to remember the wreck, Amtrak installed inward-facing cameras in its locomotives in 2015 and 2016, recording the actions of engineers before any future accidents.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amtrak completed installation of the <a href="/wiki/ACSES" class="mw-redirect" title="ACSES">ACSES</a> positive train control system on the entire Northeast Corridor between Washington and Boston in December 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Locomotive No. 601 was damaged beyond repair, and as of July 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> is currently being used as a source for spare parts for other ACS-64s.<sup id="cite_ref-TrainWeb.org_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TrainWeb.org-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litigation">Litigation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Litigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While § 161(a) of the Amtrak Reform and Accountability Act of 1997 (ARAA)<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> capped the total liability (including for punitive damages) of Amtrak and all other defendants in any single passenger train accident at $200 million,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a Bill (S. 1360) introduced by US Senator <a href="/wiki/Bill_Nelson" title="Bill Nelson">Bill Nelson</a> (D-FL) on May 18, 2015, would if passed raise that limit to $500 million retroactive to May 12, 2015, the date of the Philadelphia derailment.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the ARAA imposed statutory liability limit proves insufficient to cover all damages and it is not raised by Congress, however, some plaintiffs' attorneys have already stated that the constitutionality of the $200 million cap would be challenged.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early July 2015, both Amtrak and the plaintiffs, in the multiple federal civil lawsuits filed against Amtrak in U.S. District Courts in Pennsylvania, New York and New Jersey, requested that all then-existing and future such actions be transferred to and heard in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Pennsylvania" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania">Eastern District of Pennsylvania (EDPA)</a> in Philadelphia under the management of the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Panel_on_Multidistrict_Litigation" title="Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation">Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation</a> (MDL) as provided for by 28 U.S.C. § 1407,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> creating a centralized process to considerably speed up litigation by conserving the resources of the parties and judiciary, avoiding duplication of discovery, and preventing inconsistent pretrial rulings.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All the consolidated cases have been assigned to U.S. District Judge <a href="/wiki/Legrome_D._Davis" title="Legrome D. Davis">Legrome D. Davis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In answers filed by Amtrak with that Court on July 10, 2015, in response to the first two-passenger lawsuits<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the company admitted fault by <a href="/wiki/Stipulation" title="Stipulation">stipulating</a><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as "true"<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that the train was "traveling in excess of the allowable speed" when it derailed and thus Amtrak "will not contest liability for compensatory damages proximately caused by the derailment of Train 188 on May 12, 2015".<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 6, 2016, a Pennsylvania federal judge refused to grant settlement class certification to two passengers suing Amtrak over a train's derailment last year in Philadelphia, a ruling where damages capped at $295 million would likely be reduced in related multi-district litigation, according to plaintiffs' attorney Evan K. Aidman.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (February 2017)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2016, Amtrak reached a $265 million settlement with individuals affected by the derailment in 2015. This amount is in response to over 125 cases filed against Amtrak by passengers and family members, but can also be made available to passengers who had not yet filed a lawsuit or settled with Amtrak.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criminal_investigation,_charges,_and_acquittal"><span id="Criminal_investigation.2C_charges.2C_and_acquittal"></span>Criminal investigation, charges, and acquittal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Criminal investigation, charges, and acquittal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On May 9, 2017, Philadelphia prosecutors said Bostian, the train's engineer, would not face any criminal charges because there was no evidence that he had acted with <a href="/wiki/Intention_(criminal_law)" title="Intention (criminal law)">criminal intent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 12, 2017, on the anniversary of the crash, Philadelphia Municipal Court Judge Marsha Neifield ordered prosecutors to file involuntary manslaughter and reckless endangerment charges against Bostian; the district attorney referred the matter to <a href="/wiki/List_of_Pennsylvania_Attorneys_General" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Pennsylvania Attorneys General">Pennsylvania Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Josh_Shapiro" title="Josh Shapiro">Josh Shapiro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 18, 2017, Shapiro charged Bostian with eight counts of involuntary manslaughter, one count for each of those who died in the wreck; causing a catastrophe; and numerous counts of reckless endangerment. The charges were filed just before the two-year statute of limitations expired for the reckless-endangerment charges.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 12, 2017, Philadelphia Municipal Court Judge Thomas Gehret dismissed all charges against Bostian, ruling after a <a href="/wiki/Preliminary_hearing" title="Preliminary hearing">preliminary hearing</a> that the evidence did not support criminal charges and that the derailment was "more likely than not" an accident.<sup id="cite_ref-PhillyDismissed_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PhillyDismissed-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 6, 2018, following an appeal of Gehret's ruling by the Pennsylvania Attorney General's Office, Philadelphia Common Pleas Court Judge Kathryn Streeter Lewis reinstated all criminal charges against Bostian.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 23, 2019, all charges were dismissed a second time, by Common Pleas Court Judge Barbara McDermott, who ruled that while Bostian made a mistake, his error was not a criminal act.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 14, 2020, Superior Court Judge Victor Stabile reinstated charges on Bostian.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 4, 2022, a jury acquitted Bostian on all charges.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Philadelphia%2C_Pennsylvania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Philadelphia%2C_Pennsylvania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Philadelphia%2C_Pennsylvania.svg/48px-Flag_of_Philadelphia%2C_Pennsylvania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Philadelphia%2C_Pennsylvania.svg/64px-Flag_of_Philadelphia%2C_Pennsylvania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philadelphia" title="Portal:Philadelphia">Philadelphia portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_train.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/40px-P_train.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/60px-P_train.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/120px-P_train.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Trains" title="Portal:Trains">Trains portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1943_Frankford_Junction_train_wreck" title="1943 Frankford Junction train wreck">1943 Frankford Junction train wreck</a> – accident that occurred in similar circumstances in almost the same location (<a href="/wiki/Frankford_Junction_station" title="Frankford Junction station">Frankford Junction</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_accidents_at_Morpeth#1969_derailment" title="Rail accidents at Morpeth">Morpeth derailment (1969)</a> – distracted driver fails to slow for tight curve in otherwise high-speed main line; subsequent introduction of warning system to announce major speed reductions.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_in_rail_transport" title="2015 in rail transport">2015 in rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Philadelphia" title="History of rail transport in Philadelphia">History of rail transport in Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rail_accidents_(2010%E2%80%932019)" title="List of rail accidents (2010–2019)">List of rail accidents (2010–2019)</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Philadelphia_train_derailment&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NYTBostianAgrees-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTBostianAgrees_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTBostianAgrees_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTBostianAgrees_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a 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National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak)</a>, EDPA No. 2:2015cv2741; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dockets.justia.com/docket/pennsylvania/paedce/2:2015cv02744/504800">Felicidad R. Iban, et. al. v. National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak)</a>, EDPA No. 2:2015cv02744</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLehmanPhelps2005" class="citation book cs1">Lehman, Jeffrey; Phelps, Shirelle (2005). <i>West's Encyclopedia of American Law, Vol. 9</i> (2 ed.). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27The+law+recognizes+we%27re+all+human%27%3A+Charges+dismissed+against+Brandon+Bostian%2C+engineer+in+deadly+Philly+Amtrak+derailment&rft.pub=The+Philadelphia+Inquirer&rft.date=2019-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inquirer.com%2Fnews%2Famtrak-derailment-train-188-bostian-charged-dismissed-mcmonagle-20190723.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2015+Philadelphia+train+derailment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://6abc.com/judge-reinstates-charges-in-deadly-philadelphia-amtrak-crash/6185361/?fbclid=IwAR1HBp0EhyvWf1qqiIqLh7NF0y4zpSv1OzRQbExdRDlC51olNGYU4Gg9j5I">"Judge reinstates charges in deadly Philadelphia Amtrak 188 crash"</a>. Philadelphia, PA: WPVI-TV. Associated Press. May 15, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Judge+reinstates+charges+in+deadly+Philadelphia+Amtrak+188+crash&rft.date=2020-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F6abc.com%2Fjudge-reinstates-charges-in-deadly-philadelphia-amtrak-crash%2F6185361%2F%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR1HBp0EhyvWf1qqiIqLh7NF0y4zpSv1OzRQbExdRDlC51olNGYU4Gg9j5I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2015+Philadelphia+train+derailment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFConde2022" class="citation news cs1">Conde, Ximena (March 4, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inquirer.com/news/philadelphia/amtrak-crash-trial-brandon-bostian-verdict-20220304.html">"Brandon Bostian, engineer during fatal 2015 Amtrak crash, found not guilty of all charges"</a>. <i>Philadelphia Inquirer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philadelphia+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Brandon+Bostian%2C+engineer+during+fatal+2015+Amtrak+crash%2C+found+not+guilty+of+all+charges&rft.date=2022-03-04&rft.aulast=Conde&rft.aufirst=Ximena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inquirer.com%2Fnews%2Fphiladelphia%2Famtrak-crash-trial-brandon-bostian-verdict-20220304.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2015+Philadelphia+train+derailment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 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itvstart">2015</span>)</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;">Feb 3</span>   <a href="/wiki/Valhalla_train_crash" title="Valhalla train crash">Valhalla train crash, United States</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;">Feb 13</span>   <a href="/wiki/Anekal_derailment" title="Anekal derailment">Anekal derailment, India</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;">Feb 16</span>   <a href="/wiki/2015_Mount_Carbon_train_derailment" title="2015 Mount Carbon train derailment">Mount Carbon derailment, United States</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;">Feb 20</span>   <a href="/wiki/Rafz_train_crash" title="Rafz train crash">Rafz train crash, Switzerland</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;">Feb 24</span>   <a href="/wiki/2015_Oxnard_train_derailment" title="2015 Oxnard train derailment">Oxnard train derailment, United States</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;">Mar 7</span>   <a href="/wiki/2015_Wootton_Bassett_rail_incident" title="2015 Wootton Bassett rail incident">Wootton Bassett incident, United Kingdom</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;">Mar 10</span>   <a href="/wiki/Dien_Sanh_train_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="Dien Sanh train crash">Dien Sanh train crash, Vietnam</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;">Mar 20</span>   <a href="/wiki/2015_Uttar_Pradesh_train_accident" title="2015 Uttar Pradesh train accident">Bachhrawan train accident, India</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;">Mar 26</span>   <a href="/wiki/2015_Phachi_collision" title="2015 Phachi collision">Phachi collision, Thailand</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;">Apr 28</span>   <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg_train_crash" title="Johannesburg train crash">Johannesburg train crash, South Africa</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;">May 12</span>   <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philadelphia train derailment, United States</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;">May 16</span>   <a href="/wiki/Ibbenb%C3%BCren_train_collision" title="Ibbenbüren train collision">Ibbenbüren train collision, Germany</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;">Jun 16</span>   <a href="/wiki/2015_El_Fahs_train_accident" title="2015 El Fahs train accident">El Fahs train accident, Tunisia</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;">Jul 2</span>   <a href="/wiki/2015_Gujranwala_derailment" title="2015 Gujranwala derailment">Gujranwala derailment, Pakistan</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;">Jul 2</span>   <a href="/wiki/2015_Tennessee_train_derailment" title="2015 Tennessee train derailment">Maryville train derailment, United States</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;">Jul 22</span>   <a href="/wiki/2015_Stud%C3%A9nka_train_crash" title="2015 Studénka train crash">Studénka train crash, Czech Republic</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;">Aug 4</span>   <a href="/wiki/Harda_twin_train_derailment" title="Harda twin train derailment">Harda train derailment, India</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;">Aug 21</span>   <a href="/wiki/2015_Thalys_train_attack" title="2015 Thalys train attack">Thalys train attack, France</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;">Nov 14</span>   <a href="/wiki/Eckwersheim_derailment" title="Eckwersheim derailment">Eckwersheim derailment, France</a></li> <li><span style="display:inline-block; width:3.6em; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;">Nov 17</span>   <a href="/wiki/Aab-e-Gum_derailment" title="Aab-e-Gum derailment">Aab-e-Gum derailment, Pakistan</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:Railway_accidents_and_incidents_in_2014" title="Template:Railway accidents and incidents in 2014">◄  2014</a>   <a 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