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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_of_the_modern_Fort_Strong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_of_the_modern_Fort_Strong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Development of the modern Fort Strong</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_of_the_modern_Fort_Strong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twentieth_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twentieth_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Twentieth century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twentieth_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Recent use</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Recent_use-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Recent use subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Recent_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Evacuation_and_afterwards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evacuation_and_afterwards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Evacuation and afterwards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evacuation_and_afterwards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buildings_and_structures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buildings_and_structures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Buildings and structures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buildings_and_structures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Long_Island_(Massachusetts)&params=42_19_15_N_70_58_00_W_region:US_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°19′15″N</span> <span class="longitude">70°58′00″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.32083°N 70.96667°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.32083; -70.96667</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Island in Boston Harbor</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about Long Island in Boston Harbor. For the island in New York, see <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>. For other islands called Long Island, see <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Long Island (disambiguation)">Long Island (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Long_Island_(Massachusetts)&params=42_19_15_N_70_58_00_W_region:US_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°19′15″N</span> <span class="longitude">70°58′00″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.32083°N 70.96667°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.32083; -70.96667</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2008_LongIsland_BostonHarbor_DocSearls.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/2008_LongIsland_BostonHarbor_DocSearls.jpg/400px-2008_LongIsland_BostonHarbor_DocSearls.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/2008_LongIsland_BostonHarbor_DocSearls.jpg/600px-2008_LongIsland_BostonHarbor_DocSearls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/2008_LongIsland_BostonHarbor_DocSearls.jpg/800px-2008_LongIsland_BostonHarbor_DocSearls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3496" data-file-height="1330" /></a><figcaption>Long Island, Boston Harbor, 2008</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Long Island</b> is located in <a href="/wiki/Boston_Harbor" title="Boston Harbor">Boston Harbor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>. The island is part of the <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">City of Boston</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and of the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Harbor_Islands_National_Recreation_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area">Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area</a>. The island is 1.75 miles (2.82 km) long and covers 225 acres (0.9 km<sup>2</sup>). </p><p>Prior to October 2014, access to the island was via a road over a 4,175-foot (1,273 m) causeway<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Squantum_peninsula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Squantum peninsula (page does not exist)">Squantum peninsula</a> of <a href="/wiki/Quincy,_Massachusetts" title="Quincy, Massachusetts">North Quincy</a> to <a href="/wiki/Moon_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Moon Island (Massachusetts)">Moon Island</a>, and from there, over a 3,050-foot (930 m) two-lane steel bridge<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – officially named the <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Viaduct" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Island Viaduct">Long Island Viaduct</a> – from Moon Island to Long Island. Access to <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Bridge" title="Long Island Bridge">the causeway</a> leading to Moon Island and Long Island was controlled by police<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (April 2020)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> at a guardhouse at its southern end, and permission needed to be obtained in advance since it is a restricted area. </p><p>In October 2014, all access to Long Island was cut off for the indefinite future by then Mayor of Boston, <a href="/wiki/Marty_Walsh" title="Marty Walsh">Marty Walsh</a>, based on the warning of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Transportation" title="Massachusetts Department of Transportation">Massachusetts Department of Transportation</a> that the bridge was unsafe. All those living on Long Island and being serviced by recovery programs or who were guests in the homeless shelter were no longer able to get there. They were abruptly relocated elsewhere on an emergency basis.<sup id="cite_ref-CITYOFBOSTONNEWS11262014_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITYOFBOSTONNEWS11262014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BOSTONGLOBE10282014_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOSTONGLOBE10282014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bridge to Long Island was demolished on March 23, 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-BOSTONGLOBE03232014_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOSTONGLOBE03232014-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The future uses of the island and its buildings are still under discussion. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Island_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seventeenth_century">Seventeenth century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Island_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Seventeenth century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">American colonial period</a>, Long Island was used and populated by <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American Indians</a>. On April 1, 1634, the island was granted to the <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">City of Boston</a> along with <a href="/wiki/Deer_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Deer Island (Massachusetts)">Deer Island</a> and Hogg Island (now <a href="/wiki/Orient_Heights" title="Orient Heights">Orient Heights</a> in East Boston). The rent for these three islands was set at two pounds per year. This grant was confirmed on March 4, 1635, when <a href="/wiki/Spectacle_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Spectacle Island (Massachusetts)">Spectacle Island</a> was added to the package and the annual rent was reduced to four shillings per year for all four islands. </p><p>The Town of Boston leased Long Island to thirty-seven <a href="/wiki/Tenant_farmer" title="Tenant farmer">tenant farmers</a> for farming and for the felling of trees. Wood was a much needed commodity in this period since it was the main fuel used for cooking and heating of houses in Boston. Long Island derived its name from its length—a mile and three-quarters long and a quarter mile wide. William Wood in his <i>New England Prospect</i> reported that this isle abounds in wood, water, meadow ground, and fertile ground. He also noted that local farmers put their rams, goats, and swine here for safety during the corn growing season. </p><p>On February 24, 1640, the Boston <a href="/wiki/Town_Meeting" class="mw-redirect" title="Town Meeting">Town Meeting</a> ordered that Long Island be laid out into lots for farming starting at the eastern point on the island. On September 28, 1641, the Right-Honorable William, Earl of Stirling, filed an ownership claim for Long Island. His colonial agent, John Forest, recorded the Earl's claim against Edward Tomlin and others as intruders on Long Island. This claim was proven baseless by the Court in Boston. </p><p>On April 19, 1649, the Court in Boston levied an annual rent of 6 pence per acre on the farms on Long Island with payment due on February 1 each year. The proceeds from these rents were slated for the support of <a href="/wiki/Boston_Latin_School" title="Boston Latin School">the free school</a> in Boston. Because the Long Island tenants refused to pay these rents, in 1655, Boston officials sent a constable out to the island to make the necessary collections. </p><p>On March 11, 1667, the Town of Boston deeded the farms on Long Island to the tenants with the stipulation that they pay up their back rent. By this act, the land on Long Island first passed into private hands. In 1672, Joseph and Elizabeth Rock purchased 41 acres (170,000 m<sup>2</sup>) on Long Island with a <a href="/wiki/Mortgage_loan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortgage loan">mortgage</a> which they paid off by August 9, 1672. The deed described their property as having houses, outhouses, barns, stables, wharfs, yards, orchards, gardens, meadows, pastures, and fishing rights. </p><p>In the 1670s during <a href="/wiki/King_Philip%27s_War" title="King Philip's War">King Philip's War</a>, Christian <a href="/wiki/Praying_Indian" title="Praying Indian">"praying Indians"</a> were moved from <a href="/wiki/Marlborough,_Massachusetts" title="Marlborough, Massachusetts">Marlborough</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natick,_Massachusetts" title="Natick, Massachusetts">Natick</a> under the auspices of <a href="/wiki/John_Eliot_(missionary)" title="John Eliot (missionary)">John Eliot</a>, the minister of <a href="/wiki/Roxbury,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Roxbury, Massachusetts">Roxbury</a>, mostly to <a href="/wiki/Deer_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Deer Island (Massachusetts)">Deer Island</a>, but at least one colony was sent to Long Island.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 6, 1676, during the panic caused by King Philip's War, Massachusetts residents collected all of the local Native American population from the surrounding towns and herded them to a dock in Watertown on the <a href="/wiki/Charles_River" title="Charles River">Charles River</a>. Here, they were loaded on barges and transported to Deer Island where they were abandoned. Through the freezing winter, the Indians' main sustenance was fish and clams taken along the shore and mud flats of the island. No barracks or other housing were provided, and only a scanty thicket on the lee side of the hills protected them from easterly winds. Thousands of Native Americans are presumed to have been marooned on Deer Island that winter; however, only the converted (praying) Indians were counted and recorded. Hundreds of Indians perished of starvation and exposure during the winter of 1676–77. Old Ahatton and other chiefs petitioned the Court in Boston for the rights to visit other islands in Boston Harbor to harvest clams and fish because his people were starving to death. In the Spring of 1677, the surviving Indians were allowed to cross over to Long Island. </p><p>On April 19, 1689, <a href="/wiki/John_Nelson_(merchant)" title="John Nelson (merchant)">John Nelson</a>, a resident of Long Island, led Bostonians in a revolt against Governor Sir <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Andros" title="Edmund Andros">Edmund Andros</a>, culminating in the Battle of Fort Hill<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Boston. Governor Andros had rescinded the Massachusetts Charter and all previous laws and contracts that had been negotiated or enacted in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Massachusetts Colony</a>. </p><p>During 1690, John Nelson bought all of the property from the tenants on Long Island with the exception of 4.5 acres (18,000 m<sup>2</sup>) owned by Thomas Stanberg, a shopkeeper from Boston. Stanberg was one of the original tenants on Long Island. Nelson was well connected politically being a close relative of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Temple" title="Thomas Temple">Sir Thomas Temple</a>, and the husband of Elizabeth Stoughton, the niece of Governor William Stoughton. On June 4, Nelson mortgaged his Long Island property to William and Benjamin Browne from <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Massachusetts" title="Salem, Massachusetts">Salem, Massachusetts</a>, for 1,200 pounds. Henry Mare managed the Brownes' house and land on Long Island. </p><p>In 1692, John Nelson was captured by the French while on a privateering voyage. He was imprisoned in Quebec. It was common for local <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateers</a> to receive commissions in Boston but be considered pirates by the other nations of the world—especially the French and Spanish who were the superpowers at the time. While in prison, Nelson learned about secret French plans for attacks against the Massachusetts colonies. Nelson secretly informed the Massachusetts authorities from his prison cell. For this act, Nelson was punished by being transported across the Atlantic Ocean to the Bastille Prison in France. In 1702, after ten years of imprisonment, Sir Purbeck Temple obtained John Nelson's release. Nelson immediately returned home to Nelson's Island (Long Island) as a local hero.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eighteenth_century">Eighteenth century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Island_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Eighteenth century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On December 7, 1708, Benjamin Browne, one of the mortgagers of Nelson's Island, died, passing control of the island to his brother, William Browne, who died on February 23, 1716. John Nelson died on December 5, 1721. On September 24, 1724, the land-deed given from John Nelson to the Brownes was declared a mortgage and was annulled by a legal instrument executed by Colonel Samuel Brown, who acted as executor for the Brownes. The ownership of Nelson's Island had reverted to Nelson's heirs in seven parts. Two parts went to John and Mary Nelson, heirs of the oldest son, Temple Nelson. One share went to Nathaniel Hubbard by his wife, Elizabeth Nelson. One part went to Henry Lloyd by his wife, Rebecca Nelson. Another part went to John Steed by his wife, Margaret Nelson, and one part went to Robert Temple by his wife, Mehitable Nelson. Robert Nelson bought up an additional four shares. </p><p>Robert Temple and the other owners sold the whole of Nelson's island to <a href="/wiki/Charles_Apthorp" title="Charles Apthorp">Charles Apthorp</a>, a merchant from Boston. The deed described the island as containing 200 acres (0.8 km<sup>2</sup>) of land, single houses, buildings, barns, stables, orchards, gardens, pastures, fences, trees, woods, underwoods, swamps, marshes, meadows, arable land, ways, water courses, easements, commons, common pasture, passages, stones, beach, flats, immunites, commodies, heriditaments, emoulants, and appurtenances. The name used for the island changed to Apthorp's Island at this time, although both names are found in various records. Charles Apthorp died on November 18, 1758, at 60 years of age. His heirs sold the island to <a href="/wiki/Barlow_Trecothick" title="Barlow Trecothick">Barlow Trecothick</a>, later an alderman and <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_London" title="Lord Mayor of London">Lord Mayor of London</a>. Trecothick had married Grizzell Apthorp, the oldest daughter of Charles Apthorp and Grizzell Eastwicke Apthorp. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_Revolutionary_War">American Revolutionary War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Island_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: American Revolutionary War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the Revolutionary times in 1768, the occupying British forces used Long Island for grazing their sheep, cattle, and swine. The British also harvested the hay from this island's meadows as feed for their horses in Boston. </p><p>On July 12, 1775, Colonel <a href="/wiki/3rd_Massachusetts_Regiment" title="3rd Massachusetts Regiment">John Greaton</a> with a detachment of 500 American soldiers, in 65 whaleboats, raided Long Island where they "liberated" all the sheep and cattle grazing there, and captured 17 British sailors who were guarding the animals. British men-of-war, when alerted about the raid, fired at the whaleboats. A British schooner, towing barges loaded with armed marines, chased the American whaleboats back to their encampment in Squantum and <a href="/wiki/Dorchester,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorchester, Massachusetts">Dorchester</a>. One American soldier was killed on Moon Island. Moon Island was not connected to Squantum at this time and a waterway was open from behind Squantum (Squaw Rock) across the mouth of the Neponset River to a large rock called Savin Hill. </p><p>On Sunday, March 17, 1776, British ships evacuated Boston under pressure from <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>'s forces on the heights on Dorchester (now South Boston). <a href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams" title="Abigail Adams">Abigail Adams</a>, from her vantage point in a part of Braintree that is now Quincy, described the sight of the myriad masts of the British fleet as like a forest in the harbor. On board the British ships were 11,000 soldiers and sailors and 1019 self-exiled citizens of Boston, including 102 civil officers, 18 clergymen and 105 loyalists from the country towns. </p><p>Instead of immediately departing the Boston Harbor area, the British ships anchored in the outer harbor and continued the blockage of Boston Harbor for the next three months, which was a cause of great concern in Boston and the surrounding towns. British Commodore Banks on his 28-gun <a href="/wiki/HMS_Milford_(1759)" title="HMS Milford (1759)">"Milford"</a> and several other men-of-war commanded the blockading British fleet. As the blockade persisted, Abigail Adams was quite outspoken about the delay by the Boston authorities in removing the British blockade from the outer harbor. During June, fierce artillery battles were waged between the British ships and American shore batteries that were entrenched on the harbor islands. The embarrassment from her remarks may have triggered the following actions: </p><p>On June 13, 1776, American General <a href="/wiki/Artemas_Ward" title="Artemas Ward">Ward</a> ordered Colonel <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Line#Whitcomb's" title="Massachusetts Line">Asa Whitcomb</a> and 500 cannoneers with a 13-inch (330 mm) mortar and two field cannons to the East Head of Long Island, while similar emplacements were set up on Hull. This installation was named, "Long Island Battery." At a signal from their commander, Brig. General <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Lincoln" title="Benjamin Lincoln">Benjamin Lincoln</a>, both batteries opened fire on the British fleet. When the British flagship, "Milford" was hit, Commander Banks ordered the rest of the British fleet to sea. </p><p>During the confusion created by the cannonading by American artillerymen from East Head on Long Island and from the Hull Batteries, two American privateers attacked the British transport, "Arbella," that was loaded with rich supplies and Scottish Highlander troop replacements. The Arbella was on an approach to Boston Harbor and beat off the initial attack, escaping up Nantasket Roads into the channel off the East Head of Long Island. Obviously, this British transport did not get the word about the evacuation of Boston. Captain Tucker's <a href="/wiki/Marblehead,_Massachusetts" title="Marblehead, Massachusetts">Marblehead, Massachusetts</a> privateer took up the chase from <a href="/wiki/Broad_Sound_(Massachusetts)" title="Broad Sound (Massachusetts)">Broad Sound</a> along with an armed vessel from Rhode Island that approached the Arbella from the east side of Long Island. They found that the Arbella had grounded but was still able to fight, as her guns shattered Tucker's spars and riddled his ship's sails and <a href="/wiki/Pine_Tree_Flag" title="Pine Tree Flag">Pine Tree Flag</a>. The transport then turned and drove the Rhode Island privateer around the west side of Long Island. The fight continued until the British ship struck her colors. British captain Major Menjies and 36 men were killed during the battle. The slain Highlanders were buried on Long Island in a solemn procession led by Scottish bagpipers. The wives of the dead soldiers who had accompanied their husbands on this trip marched in the funeral procession. The rich cargo of military stores was quickly moved to <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a> to help support the American army that was encamped there. </p><p>On July 17, 1776, about a month after the British were driven from the outer harbor, the Long Island Battery on East Head fired a thirteen-gun salute in celebration and honor of the promulgation of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a>. Similar salutes were fired from the other batteries throughout Boston Harbor. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Edward_Rowe_Snow" title="Edward Rowe Snow">Edward Rowe Snow</a> related a story about a Mary, the wife of a Tory, William Burton, who was aboard one of the British ships that formed the blockade on Boston Harbor, together with her husband. A cannonball from the Long Island Battery struck Mary. As she lay dying, she pleaded with her husband not to bury her at sea. A flag of truce was struck that allowed Burton to go ashore with his wife's body. Mary Burton was buried on East Head after her body was sewn into a red blanket. One of the Americans agreed to put her name on a grave marker. Her husband planned to return to Boston but never did. Over the years, the wooden marker rotted away. People who knew this story erected a stone cairn over the burial site. In 1804, some fishermen were wrecked on Long Island and they took refuge in an old powder magazine. As they were building a fire, they were startled by a moan coming over the hill near Mary Burton's cairn. The stunned fishermen claimed to have seen a form of a woman wearing a scarlet cloak coming over the hill. Blood appeared to be streaming down the cloak from a wound in her head. The ghost just kept on walking by the fishermen and soon disappeared over the hill. Again, during the War of 1812, a "woman in scarlet" was reported at Fort Strong. Also, in 1891, Private William Liddell reported seeing a "woman in scarlet." Liddell, while on guard duty at night, reported that that ghost came toward him from an easterly direction emitting distinct moans. </p><p>Barlow Trecothick, the owner of Long Island, died on May 28, 1775, and the island passed to his brother-in-law, Charles Ward Apthorp from New York (died 1796). Apthorp sold the island on June 13, 1791, to James Ivers of Boston. Around this time, the island began to be officially called Long Island. </p><p>In 1794, a <a href="/wiki/Lighthouse" title="Lighthouse">lighthouse</a> was built on the northern head of the island, replaced by a bigger tower in 1819. It was later relocated to fit in with coastal fortifications. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_nineteenth_century">Early nineteenth century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Island_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early nineteenth century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1814, during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, the Massachusetts authorities requested that <a href="/wiki/William_Bainbridge" title="William Bainbridge">Commodore Bainbridge</a> move the new ship, <a href="/wiki/USS_Independence_(1814)" title="USS Independence (1814)">"Independence"</a> and the frigate, <a href="/wiki/USS_Constitution" title="USS Constitution">"Constitution"</a> down the harbor so that the British could capture them, hoping to avoid having the British shell the City of Boston. Bainbridge refused and suggested that Long Island be fortified to keep the British from entering Boston Harbor. </p><p>James Ivers died in Boston on June 13, 1815, at 88 years of age. Long Island legally passed to Ivers' two daughters, Hannah, the wife of Jonathan Austin, and Jane, wife of Benjamin Austin. </p><p>In 1818, a committee from the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Marine_Society" title="Boston Marine Society">Boston Marine Society</a> investigated the need for a lighthouse on Long Island Head, acting on a request from the Portland (Maine) Marine Society. This lighthouse would be designed to help vessels navigating into Boston Harbor through the Broad Sound Channel. </p><p>Another committee of five selected a suitable site for a lighthouse in April 1819. The first lighthouse built on Long Island Head was constructed on the eastern side of Long Island Head. The finished light was a 23-foot (7 m) rubble stone and granite tower. The lantern was positioned about 109 feet (33 m) above MHW-Mean High Water. (The height of a light is measured from MHW to the focal plane of the light source or bulb. The light's characteristic was a fixed white beam generated from nine burners and reflectors with a visibility of about 15 nautical miles (28 km). This light, called the "<a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Head_Light" title="Long Island Head Light">Inner Harbor Light</a>", was the second lighthouse established in Boston Harbor. The first light keeper was Jonathan Lawrence. The 35 acres (140,000 m<sup>2</sup>) needed for this first lighthouse had to be acquired by the Federal Government by a lawsuit. The "Inner Harbor Light" was first lighted in October 1819. The lighthouse property was surrounded by fortifications located along the edge of the cliff. </p><p>Jonathan Lawrence, who was the first lightkeeper at Long Island Light, died in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Lighthouse_Board" title="United States Lighthouse Board">Light Service</a> in 1825. Charles Beck, the second light keeper ran a signal system from Long Island Head in 1825. Beck hoisted a <a href="/wiki/Dayshape" class="mw-redirect" title="Dayshape">black ball</a> to indicate when more pilots were needed down the harbor. This signal system remained active until 1851. </p><p>An 1830 commentary described Long Island as the most pleasant place in Boston Harbor and predicted that it would be a great area for a summer resort. The article also noted that a hotel, erected by the Long Island Company, was commodious and convenient. Much of Long Island was being used for pasture in more recent years. Unfortunately, by 1840, the popularity of Long Island faded over the previous ten years and there was only one farmhouse reported on the island. </p><p>In 1843, J.W.P. Lewis, a <a href="/wiki/Civil_engineer" title="Civil engineer">civil engineer</a>, reported that the light tower was leaky and the walls were cracked from frost heaves. Lewis also indicated that the light was not positioned correctly for its intended purpose. The light fixture reflected with a<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2010)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> cast the light in six different directions. He described the lantern as being made of the rudest materials and as being obstructed by the framework that supported the covering for the light. Lewis inspected most lighthouses in New England during 1843. </p><p>In 1844, a new <a href="/wiki/Cast-iron" class="mw-redirect" title="Cast-iron">cast-iron</a> lighthouse was constructed on Long Island Head. This was the second lighthouse built on the Head. It appears to be the first cast-iron lighthouse constructed in the United States. The South Boston Iron Company performed the work. This lighthouse was cast in sections of about 7 feet (2 m)seven feet in height and 12 feet (4 m)twelve feet in diameter at the base. It was furnished with an iron deck providing a twenty-inch walkway around the lantern. The deck had a railing. A cast-iron circular staircase on the interior led to the lantern room. The lantern was made of upright wrought iron bars to receive the glass with sixteen 48" x 16" side over which was a cast-iron dome with a cast-iron pipe in the center that served as a smoke flue for the lighthouse's stove. </p><p>On October 1, 1847, the Ivers' heirs sold Long Island to Thomas Smith of <a href="/wiki/Cohasset,_Massachusetts" title="Cohasset, Massachusetts">Cohasset, Massachusetts</a>. The East Head, where the lighthouse was located, was not included in this sale. Long Island was on the verge of being developed, but an ominous rumor about a pending takeover by the City of Boston for its various institutions made this real estate undesirable to investors. The use of this island as a military post precluded any recreational expansion and development. </p><p>On May 1, 1849, Long Island was purchased from Thomas Smith and was incorporated by the Long Island Company. At this time, the only inhabitants were George Smith, a farmer, and Nicolas Capello, a Portuguese fisherman. Over the next 35 years, the heirs of Nicholas Capello and other friends increased the population of Long Island to over thirty families clustering in an area called "Portuguese Village". Their huts and a fleet of fishing boats were located just below East Head.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Long Island Company built the Long Island House and the Long Island Hotel in the center of the island as part of a project to develop recreational facilities on the island. A Colonel Mitchell was the proprietor of the Long Island Hotel. This hotel was described as a "splendid hotel, large and accommodating, constructed in the form of a <a href="/wiki/Greek_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Cross">Greek Cross</a> and located in the center of the island on the west side". Colonel Mitchell was known as being welcoming, benevolent, and gentlemanly. The Eutaw House was also constructed at this time.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Long Island Company drew up plans to subdivide Long Island into many small lots and envisioned a large new community. "Pleasure" or vacation brochures of Boston Harbor described the Long Island House as a "large white hotel." The rest of the island was meadows and grazing field. Many of the trees were long since felled for firewood by early settlers. </p><p>In 1855, the second Long Island Light was refitted and repositioned into a square enclosure on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wastop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wastop (page does not exist)">wastop</a> of the Head. A good fresh-water was added and a comfortable, stone lightkeepers house was built. The remains of an old military fortifications formed the north and west side of the lighthouse enclosure. The new light was fitted with a Fourth Order <a href="/wiki/Fresnel_lens" title="Fresnel lens">Fresnel lens</a> that exhibited a fixed white light and was located where it was visible toward Broad Sound. This light served as part of a range in conjunction with Bug Light on the end of Brewster Spit at the edge of the Narrows Channel. Vessels approaching Boston from the southeast would align these lights to stay clear of Hardings Ledge off <a href="/wiki/Nantasket_Beach" title="Nantasket Beach">Nantasket Beach</a>. Bug Light was constructed in 1856 and showed a fixed red light. </p><p>In 1858, a lighthouse Inspector's reports indicated that the lighthouse keeper's house on Long Island had two bedrooms, a parlor, a sitting room, and a kitchen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_Civil_War">American Civil War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Island_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: American Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Camp_Wightman" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Wightman">Camp Wightman</a></div> <p>In 1860, control of the Long Island Company was transferred to Thomas J. Dunbar of Boston. The plan to develop this island was thwarted by the rumors of war and plans for military installations on Long Island Head and other parts of the island. <a href="/wiki/Camp_Wightman" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Wightman">Camp Wightman</a> was established on Long Island. The Commander was <a href="/wiki/Charles_Devens" title="Charles Devens">General Devens</a> who used the Long Island House as his headquarters building. This military post was named after <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wightman" title="Joseph Wightman">Mayor Wightman of Boston</a>. On April 17, 1861, the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Regiment_Massachusetts_Volunteer_Militia" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Militia">3rd Massachusetts Regiment</a> departed Long Island along with the <a href="/wiki/4th_Regiment_Massachusetts_Volunteer_Militia" class="mw-redirect" title="4th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Militia">4th Massachusetts Regiment</a>, sailing to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Monroe" title="Fort Monroe">Fort Monroe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>. These famous regiments were credited with destroying the navy yard at <a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a>, and fought the Virginians at Hampton. On their return from the South, the 3rd Massachusetts Regiments were mustered out after four days in camp here. The men of the 4th Massachusetts Regiment were the first northern troops to march on Virginia soil during the Civil War. They also fought at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Big_Bethel" title="Battle of Big Bethel">Big Bethel</a>. The 4th Massachusetts Regiment was also mustered out at Camp Wightman on Long Island. </p><p>In 1863, Camp Wightman had over 1,000 recruits in addition to several full batteries of heavy artillery under the command of General Devens. The military reservation was located on the slope between the Portuguese Village near the southeast beach and the summit beyond the Long Island House. The steamer "Bellingham" was the conscript boat for Fort Wightman on Long Island. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Civil_War">Post-Civil War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Island_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Post-Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During 1865, P.B. Small was reported as the light keeper on Long Island Light. In this year, the schooner <i>Joseph Fish</i>, carrying 1,200 barrels (190 m<sup>3</sup>) of petroleum, was rammed by another vessel while at anchor near Long Island. Light Keeper Small reported that the <i>Joseph Fish</i> caught fire and was totally destroyed. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Situationsplan_von_Boston_(Massachusetts).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Situationsplan_von_Boston_%28Massachusetts%29.jpg/375px-Situationsplan_von_Boston_%28Massachusetts%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="375" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Situationsplan_von_Boston_%28Massachusetts%29.jpg/563px-Situationsplan_von_Boston_%28Massachusetts%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Situationsplan_von_Boston_%28Massachusetts%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="727" data-file-height="459" /></a><figcaption>1888 German map of Boston Harbor showing Long Island in the lower right hand corner. It marks a lighthouse ("Leuchtturm") and hotel on the island.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1867, the Federal Government acquired the east head section of Long Island by an act of Congress, and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Strong" title="Fort Strong">Fort Strong</a> was moved to Long Island from <a href="/wiki/Noddle%27s_Island" title="Noddle's Island">Noddle's Island</a> (East Boston). The fort has been reported to be named after Major General George C. Strong, who was killed at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Wagner" title="Fort Wagner">Fort Wagner</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>, in 1863. History has shown that Fort Strong existed in 1815 on Noddle's Island. </p><p>Later sources write that the fort was re-dedicated and named for the Governor of Massachusetts, <a href="/wiki/Caleb_Strong" title="Caleb Strong">Caleb Strong</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Snow,_Edward_Rowe_p.24_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snow,_Edward_Rowe_p.24-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Military use of Long Island had been started again during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> when the island was a camp for <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">conscripts</a> and armament was installed. In the early <a href="/wiki/Endicott_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Endicott Board">Endicott Period</a>, the defenses were modernized but were not subsequently used. </p><p>On September 8, 1869, a tremendous storm (most likely a hurricane) hit the Boston Harbor area. The chimney on the light keeper's house at Long Island Light was knocked off and damaged the roof. Lightning struck and damaged the boathouse that was located just below the lighthouse on the western side of the island. </p><p>In 1870, a 10-gun battery was constructed at Fort Strong on East Head on Long Island. In 1872, a large hotel was built on the current site of the Long Island Chronic Disease Hospital. </p><p>Long Island became the site of illegal recreational activities. A very popular event on Sunday evenings was prize fighting. On June 29, 1873, the Boston Police raided Long Island and put a stop to these illegal events. </p><p>In 1874, the gun blocks and a magazine for the Long Island Head Battery were constructed. These batteries remain today. In 1881, a new cast iron lighthouse was constructed along with a new keeper's house. This was the third lighthouse built on Long Island Head. </p><p>In 1882, as was rumored earlier, the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Boston">City of Boston</a> began purchasing property on Long Island for institutional care facilities: firstly an <a href="/wiki/Almshouse" title="Almshouse">Almshouse</a>, later (1921)<sup id="cite_ref-hih_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hih-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a residence for unwed mothers, a <a href="/wiki/Chronic_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronic (medicine)">chronic disease</a> hospital, a <a href="/wiki/Nursing_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Nursing school">nursing school</a> and an institutional farm. The large hotel built in 1872 was part of the purchase. This hotel was used for City of Boston charities. During this year, male paupers were moved to Long Island from Rainsford Island. </p><p>On January 3, 1885, the Boston City Council passed an order to take possession of Long Island. The island has never returned to private hands since that date. Boston acquired Long Island from the heirs of Thomas Dunbar for $140,000. Buildings were immediately erected for a "Home for the Indigent." These buildings housed 650 people in 1885. </p><p>Sweetser described Long Island as conspicuous by its municipal buildings, and still more by its lighthouse perched on the very tip of the steepest cliff in the harbor, eighty-feet above the high-water mark and visible for fifteen miles (24 km) at sea. The battery, which crowns the cliff, presenting only a range of green mounds to the view of the passing sailor, is a formidable little work, of modern construction, with walls of great thickness, bombproofs, and other defenses, partly separated from the rest of the bluff by a deep dry moat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_of_the_modern_Fort_Strong">Development of the modern Fort Strong</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Island_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Development of the modern Fort Strong"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ft_Strong_Map_1938.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ft_Strong_Map_1938.jpg/375px-Ft_Strong_Map_1938.jpg" decoding="async" width="375" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ft_Strong_Map_1938.jpg/563px-Ft_Strong_Map_1938.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ft_Strong_Map_1938.jpg/750px-Ft_Strong_Map_1938.jpg 2x" data-file-width="914" data-file-height="482" /></a><figcaption>1938 map of Ft. Strong, identifying its gun batteries and other buildings</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battery-Smyth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Battery-Smyth.jpg/220px-Battery-Smyth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Battery-Smyth.jpg/330px-Battery-Smyth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Battery-Smyth.jpg/440px-Battery-Smyth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="441" /></a><figcaption>Three-inch Gun Platform #1 of Battery Smyth, Fort Strong (2010)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hitchcock_Gun_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/de/Hitchcock_Gun_1.jpg/220px-Hitchcock_Gun_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/de/Hitchcock_Gun_1.jpg/330px-Hitchcock_Gun_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/de/Hitchcock_Gun_1.jpg/440px-Hitchcock_Gun_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="495" /></a><figcaption>Ten-inch gun emplacements at Fort Strong (2009)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1893 a huge construction project was begun, to build the massive concrete gun emplacements for the five 10-inch guns of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Strong" title="Fort Strong">Fort Strong</a>, one of the new <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Coast_Artillery_Corps" title="United States Army Coast Artillery Corps">Coast Artillery</a> forts<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> planned to defend Boston Harbor. The works for these larger batteries still exist today on the northern head of the island (see map at right). These northern emplacements<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were complete by 1899. Work continued on the 3-inch gun positions on the east and west sides of the parade ground (Batteries Taylor, Basinger, Smyth, and Stevens). These smaller caliber batteries were completed in 1906.<sup id="cite_ref-FWiki1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FWiki1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fort, which had previously consisted of a battery of muzzle-loading cannon atop the northeastern head of the island,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was now equipped with the latest in coast artillery, as part of nationwide improvements in coastal defense capabilities recommended by the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Fortifications" title="Board of Fortifications">Endicott Board</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the gun batteries were completed in 1906, construction at the fort would continue through the 1920s, eventually creating a total of seven new batteries of 3-inch, 4.7-inch, and 10-inch guns along three sides of the island, extensive facilities for deploying and recovering the tethered mines which filled the nearby channels, and barracks space for over 1,000 members of the Coast Artillery who served at the fort.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Long Island Head was centrally situated in Boston Harbor, and the six 10-inch guns of Batteries Hitchcock and Ward (later reduced to five) had an effective range of roughly seven miles, letting them reach Revere on the north, Hingham on the south, and well out to sea in front of the harbor channels. </p><p>Prior to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the mining casemate at the fort (see map) controlled all the <a href="/wiki/Submarine_mines_in_United_States_harbor_defense" title="Submarine mines in United States harbor defense">submarine mines</a> that protected the southern approaches to Boston Harbor.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rapid fire 3-inch gun batteries constructed on all three shores of the fort overlooked these minefields to destroy attacking ships that might become entangled in them. </p><p>By World War II, only the four 3-inch guns of Batteries Basinger and Smyth, plus a battery of anti-aircraft cannon, remained in service, and with the end of the war, the fort was declared surplus. In the 1950s, two buildings supporting the <a href="/wiki/Nike_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Nike missile">Nike missile</a> system (since decommissioned) were built on the island, and a target tracking radar was constructed at the northwest end of the North Head, in one of the former gun positions of Battery Drum.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twentieth_century">Twentieth century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Island_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Twentieth century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Long_island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Long_island.jpg/220px-Long_island.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Long_island.jpg/330px-Long_island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Long_island.jpg/440px-Long_island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>Boston Public Health Commission facilities on Long Island. The old water tower is used by airplane pilots as an FAA visual clue and has checkered markings at the top. From Left to right: Our Lady of Hope Chapel (vacant), the old Administration Building, the Nichols Building, The (Mary) Morris Building behind, the newer McGillivray Building with dining room, the Tobin Building, and the Curley Auditorium (vacant) on the far right (2007 photo)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1928, homeless men were housed in an addition to the former hotel, and in 1941 another addition housed a treatment center for alcoholics.<sup id="cite_ref-hih_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hih-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New men's dormitory facilities were built and dedicated as the Tobin building, the cornerstone having been laid on November 9, 1940. It was named after <a href="/wiki/Maurice_J._Tobin" title="Maurice J. Tobin">Maurice J. Tobin</a>, then Mayor of Boston.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1941, Boston's almshouse was located there, as well as the Chronic Disease Hospital. 1,400 patients and inmates were on the island, cared for by several hundred doctors, nurses, and employees. At that time, Dr. James V. Sacchetti was the medical director in charge.<sup id="cite_ref-Snow,_Edward_Rowe_p.24_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snow,_Edward_Rowe_p.24-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until the 1950s, when a bridge was built from the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Moon_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Moon Island (Massachusetts)">Moon Island</a>, the only transportation access to the island was by boat or a regularly scheduled ferry from Boston. The dedication plaque at the outbound entry to this bridge at Squantum, says it was built in 1950-51 by the Institutions Department of the City of Boston, and calls it the "<a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Viaduct" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Island Viaduct">Long Island Viaduct</a>". Moon Island is connected to the mainland Squantum <a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">peninsula</a> of <a href="/wiki/Quincy,_Massachusetts" title="Quincy, Massachusetts">North Quincy</a> by a causeway. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recent_use">Recent use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Island_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Recent use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Parts of this article (those related to descriptions of formerly current and ongoing activities, particularly in "Recent use" section) need to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2014</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northern_Tip_of_Long_Island_in_Boston_Harbor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Northern_Tip_of_Long_Island_in_Boston_Harbor.jpg/220px-Northern_Tip_of_Long_Island_in_Boston_Harbor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Northern_Tip_of_Long_Island_in_Boston_Harbor.jpg/330px-Northern_Tip_of_Long_Island_in_Boston_Harbor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Northern_Tip_of_Long_Island_in_Boston_Harbor.jpg/440px-Northern_Tip_of_Long_Island_in_Boston_Harbor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3624" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Northern tip of the island, 2012</figcaption></figure> <p>Long Island was used to support social service programs until 2014, as it had been since 1882, contained in <a href="/wiki/Boston_Public_Health_Commission" title="Boston Public Health Commission">Boston Public Health Commission</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are many buildings that are not in use which were once very active. Examples of these are the Curley Building (which once housed a performing arts auditorium for the population and named after the former Boston Mayor <a href="/wiki/James_Michael_Curley" title="James Michael Curley">James Michael Curley</a>), Our Lady of Hope Chapel, and a crematorium, among others. Most of the campus was connected by tunnels, as were most hospitals and universities at the time. </p><p>Boston Fire Department's Engine Company 54<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> station house is located on the island, adjacent to the campus. </p><p>Historical buildings and cemeteries dating from the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> can be found on the island, along with a large checkered red and white pattern <a href="/wiki/Water_tower" title="Water tower">water tower</a> used as a navigational aid by the <a href="/wiki/FAA" class="mw-redirect" title="FAA">FAA</a> for navigation into <a href="/wiki/Logan_International_Airport" title="Logan International Airport">Logan International Airport</a>. </p><p>There was also a working organic farm which was 2 acres (8,100 m<sup>2</sup>) large and harvested approximately 25,000 pounds of produce which was used by the kitchens of the homeless shelters, sold at farmers markets, and used by restaurants in Boston. It was staffed by residents of Long Island. The organic farm was the idea of Mayor <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Menino" title="Thomas Menino">Thomas Menino</a> of Boston in 1996 and was modeled on the <a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">kibbutz</a> concept.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, Boston Mayor <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Menino" title="Thomas Menino">Thomas Menino</a> helped found and get private funding for a teenagers' day camp on Long Island called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Camp_Harbor_View&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camp Harbor View (page does not exist)">Camp Harbor View</a>. A partnership between Boston, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boys_%26_Girls_Clubs_of_Boston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boys & Girls Clubs of Boston (page does not exist)">Boys & Girls Clubs of Boston</a>, and the camp's non-profit foundation, Camp Harbor View was dedicated in March 2007 and had baseball fields, swimming, classrooms, and many other activities.<sup id="cite_ref-CHV_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHV-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of campers each summer was about 900.<sup id="cite_ref-CHV_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHV-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was located where the former marching grounds were, south of Fort Strong and the lighthouse.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another summer camp, Harbor Discoveries, was operated by the city; the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Aquarium" title="New England Aquarium">New England Aquarium</a> formerly used facilities on Long Island for part of its programming.<sup id="cite_ref-hih_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hih-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evacuation_and_afterwards">Evacuation and afterwards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Island_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Evacuation and afterwards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On October 8, 2014, Mayor <a href="/wiki/Marty_Walsh" title="Marty Walsh">Marty Walsh</a> – under the advisement of various City departments, agencies and leaders, and the Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) – made the decision to close the <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Bridge" title="Long Island Bridge">Long Island Bridge</a> (which had suffered for decades from neglect and lack of maintenance) and evacuate the programs located on Long Island.<sup id="cite_ref-CITYOFBOSTONNEWS11262014_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITYOFBOSTONNEWS11262014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, the organic farm, for many years worked on and tilled by homeless clients from the Long Island Shelter, and which provided fresh produce for the meals at the city's shelters and programs, was re-opened for private use by a fast food restaurant chain, <i>b.good</i>, who will return part of the crop to philanthropic causes.<sup id="cite_ref-BOSTONGLOBE07252016_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOSTONGLOBE07252016-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BGOOD_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BGOOD-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Buildings_and_structures">Buildings and structures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Island_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Buildings and structures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Long_and_Moon_Islands,_Boston_Harbor,_Boston,_Massachusetts.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Long_and_Moon_Islands%2C_Boston_Harbor%2C_Boston%2C_Massachusetts.png/300px-Long_and_Moon_Islands%2C_Boston_Harbor%2C_Boston%2C_Massachusetts.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="399" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Long_and_Moon_Islands%2C_Boston_Harbor%2C_Boston%2C_Massachusetts.png/450px-Long_and_Moon_Islands%2C_Boston_Harbor%2C_Boston%2C_Massachusetts.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Long_and_Moon_Islands%2C_Boston_Harbor%2C_Boston%2C_Massachusetts.png/600px-Long_and_Moon_Islands%2C_Boston_Harbor%2C_Boston%2C_Massachusetts.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1062" /></a><figcaption>Long Island, together with Moon Island</figcaption></figure> <p>A list of most buildings and structures on Long Island includes:<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Buildings <ul><li>Former Nike missile facilities (two buildings; vacant)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Environmental_Protection" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Environmental Protection">Department of Environmental Protection</a> and <a href="/wiki/NSTAR_(company)" title="NSTAR (company)">Boston Edison</a> Air Monitoring Stations</li> <li>Farm and greenhouse</li> <li>Laundry building</li> <li>Garage</li> <li>Fire house</li> <li>(Mary) Morris building</li> <li>Curley recreation building (vacant)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tobin_building&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tobin building (page does not exist)">Tobin building</a></li> <li>McGillivray building<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Wards A B C D</li> <li>Richards building</li> <li>Laboratory and morgue (vacant)</li> <li>Incinerator, (behind morgue - vacant)</li> <li>Power house</li> <li>Administration building</li> <li>Nichols building<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Our Lady of Hope Chapel (unused)</li> <li>Building 6 (vacant)</li> <li>Nurses Building (vacant)</li> <li>Sewage treatment plant</li> <li>Fort Strong power house, incinerator, and tower</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Head_Light" title="Long Island Head Light">Long Island Head Light</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fortifications <ul><li>Fort Strong: Battery Ward, Battery Hitchcock, Battery Drum, Battery Basinger, Battery Smyth, Battery Taylor, Battery Stevens.</li></ul></li> <li>Other structures <ul><li>Viaduct (bridge; not open to public)</li> <li>Pier (not open to public)</li> <li>Civil War monument and cemetery</li> <li>hospital cemetery (3,000)</li> <li>unmarked cemetery</li> <li>water tower</li> <li>MWRA (<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Water_Resources_Authority" title="Massachusetts Water Resources Authority">Massachusetts Water Resources Authority</a>) shaft</li> <li>Grotto Shrine of <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Fatima" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Lady of Fatima">Our Lady of Fatima</a>. It was once next to the older demolished original chapel building.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Island_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In the summer of 1987, an independent motion picture adaptation of the Shakespeare play <i><a href="/wiki/Richard_II_(play)" title="Richard II (play)">Richard II</a></i> was filmed on the grounds of Fort Strong.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2007, the Boston-based <a href="/wiki/Celtic_punk" title="Celtic punk">Celtic punk</a> band <a href="/wiki/Dropkick_Murphys" title="Dropkick Murphys">Dropkick Murphys</a> filmed their music video for "<a href="/wiki/The_State_of_Massachusetts" title="The State of Massachusetts">The State of Massachusetts</a>", a single from their album <i><a href="/wiki/The_Meanest_of_Times" title="The Meanest of Times">The Meanest of Times</a></i>, in the unused and abandoned Curley Auditorium on the Long Island Health Campus.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The auditorium is located adjacent to one of the City of Boston's largest emergency homeless shelters, the Long Island Shelter.<sup id="cite_ref-LIS_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LIS-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The song was about the effects of drugs on individuals and their families.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Island_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Green Island (Massachusetts)">Green Island (Massachusetts)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Brewster_Island" title="Great Brewster Island">Great Brewster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Brewster_Island" title="Little Brewster Island">Little Brewster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Brewster_Island" title="Middle Brewster Island">Middle Brewster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Brewster_Island" title="Outer Brewster Island">Outer Brewster</a></li> <li>Tewksbury Rock (Massachusetts)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Island_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityofboston.gov/environment/Harbor_islands_history.asp">"Harbor Islands History"</a>, City of Boston.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/boha/historyculture/facts-long.htm">"Facts: Long Island"</a>, National Park Service</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a description of the causeway from the Squantum peninsula through <a href="/wiki/Moon_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Moon Island (Massachusetts)">Moon Island</a>, see the following. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aseccorp.com/LIViaduct.htm">"LONG ISLAND VIADUCT: Boston, Massachusetts"</a> by ASEC Corporation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mikal, Alan, "Exploring Boston Harbor", see p.70 for a photo of the bridge to Long Island from Moon Island.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITYOFBOSTONNEWS11262014-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CITYOFBOSTONNEWS11262014_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CITYOFBOSTONNEWS11262014_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityofboston.gov/news/Default.aspx?id=17885">"Mayor Walsh provides update on the Long Island Bridge"</a>. <i>The Official Website of the City of Boston</i>. November 26, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 29,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Official+Website+of+the+City+of+Boston&rft.atitle=Mayor+Walsh+provides+update+on+the+Long+Island+Bridge&rft.date=2014-11-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityofboston.gov%2Fnews%2FDefault.aspx%3Fid%3D17885&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALong+Island+%28Massachusetts%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BOSTONGLOBE10282014-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BOSTONGLOBE10282014_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abel, David, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2014/10/27/island-frozen-time-investments-and-services-waste/Lu9RZouWZBcWK9qma9jEVJ/story.html">"On Long Island, haunting signs of a hasty departure: The pieces left behind at island’s shelters highlight uncertainty"</a>, <i>The Boston Globe</i>, October 28, 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BOSTONGLOBE03232014-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BOSTONGLOBE03232014_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schworm, Peter, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/03/23/long-island-bridge-demolition-continues-today/S5jYpui1niik3cAioeFNhL/story.html">"Long Island Bridge Demolition Continues"</a>, <i>The Boston Globe</i>, March 23, 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">cf. Winsor and Jewett, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.helloboston.com/80_LocalBook.Cfm">"The Memorial History of Boston"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061113122453/http://www.helloboston.com/80_LocalBook.Cfm">Archived</a> 2006-11-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 1880, pp.320-1.<blockquote><p>Another colony of friendly Indians and prisoners were afterwards sent to Long Island, in the harbor.</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Downst, Henry P., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kellscraft.com/NotesBoston/NotesBostoncontentpage.html">"Random Notes of Boston"</a>, Humphrey Publishing, ca. 1916, Chapter 5, "Waterfront and Harbor". <blockquote><p>It is said that the battle of Fort Hill, between the soldiers and the townsmen, was precipitated by the term "lobster," applied to a red-coat, by one of the mechanics. Since that day the lobster has become a creature of fashion, contributing largely to the high cost of livers, but his name finds no greater favor as an epithet than when used for the patriotic purpose of starting a pre-Revolutionary rumpus. The lobster fleet, consisting of many small craft, mostly power driven, should interest the gourmet who likes to know the origin of his delicacies; to the gourmand, we recommend the satisfying qualities of Boston baked beans and the New England boiled dinner.</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kellscraft.com/EventsBoston/EventsBoston04.html">"The Islands of Boston Harbor"</a>, in "Some Events of Boston and Its Neighbors", Chapter 4, printed for the State Street Trust Company, Boston, Massachusetts, 1917.<blockquote><p> Long Island was so called because it is the longest island in the harbour. In 1847 a company bought all of it except the east end upon which was the lighthouse, and then built a wharf and a hotel and laid out streets. The speculation ended in failure. The island is chiefly noted as the residence of John Nelson, who is looked upon as a hero by the American people. He was captured by the French in a voyage to the eastward and imprisoned in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>. While there he informed Massachusetts that the French were forming plans against the New England Colonies, and for this he was sent to the <a href="/wiki/Bastille" title="Bastille">Bastille</a>. He was finally released, and on his return to Long Island the Nelson family gave him a great feast of welcome, and part of the table-cloth is believed still to be preserved by his descendants. The British pastured cattle here at one time, and a detachment of five hundred Continental soldiers, in sixty-five whale-boats, landed and stole them all, escaping safely to Squantum. Not many years ago a large assemblage of prize-fighters and their "heelers" went over to the island with the intention of conducting a fight, but were prevented from doing so by some police officers who arrived in a police boat at just the right time. The island is owned partly by the Government and partly by the City.</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bostonislands.org/factsheet_template.asp?rsIslands__MMColParam=long">Boston Island factsheet on Long Island</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070210142206/http://www.bostonislands.org/factsheet_template.asp?rsIslands__MMColParam=long">Archived</a> 2007-02-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Snow, Edward Rowe, "Sailing Down Boston Bay", p.23, has a picture of Eutaw House, on Long Island, from 1856.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Snow,_Edward_Rowe_p.24-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Snow,_Edward_Rowe_p.24_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Snow,_Edward_Rowe_p.24_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Snow, Edward Rowe, "Sailing Down Boston Bay", p.24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hih-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hih_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hih_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hih_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityofboston.gov/environment/Harbor_islands_history.asp">"Harbor Islands History"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harbor+Islands+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityofboston.gov%2Fenvironment%2FHarbor_islands_history.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALong+Island+%28Massachusetts%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A similar fort, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Andrews" title="Fort Andrews">Fort Andrews</a>, was also constructed on the northern tip of nearby Peddocks Island.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">About 200 ft. SE of the lighthouse is the hollow shell of a 20-foot tall square concrete tower containing a central pillar, flanked by two 20-foot tall concrete pillars standing alone. These are the remains of 1920s era <a href="/wiki/Base_end_station" title="Base end station">base end stations</a> that were part of the <a href="/wiki/Coast_Artillery_fire_control_system" title="Coast Artillery fire control system">fire control system</a> for the fort's guns. <a href="/wiki/Depression_position_finder" class="mw-redirect" title="Depression position finder">Depression position finders</a> were once bolted to the tops of the pillars. The wooden structures that once enclosed the stand-alone pillars have now been destroyed, leaving the pillars standing by themselves.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FWiki1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FWiki1_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fortwiki.com/Fort_Strong_(2)">Fort Strong at FortWiki.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These cannon were sited roughly 150 feet NE of Battery Ward, in an area now overgrown with thick brush.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerhow2015" class="citation book cs1">Berhow, Mark A., ed. (2015). <i>American Seacoast Defenses, A Reference Guide</i> (Third ed.). McLean, Virginia: CDSG Press. pp. 5–13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9748167-3-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9748167-3-9"><bdi>978-0-9748167-3-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Seacoast+Defenses%2C+A+Reference+Guide&rft.place=McLean%2C+Virginia&rft.pages=5-13&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=CDSG+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-9748167-3-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALong+Island+%28Massachusetts%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This number of personnel was probably a peak. In the late 1920s and the 1930s, the fort went on "caretaker" status (i.e., was "mothballed"), with only a skeleton garrison.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Later in WW2, the southern mine command was moved to Ft. Warren on Governor's Island.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Only the concrete footings for this radar tower remain in 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">as written on a dedicatory plaque in the Tobin Building</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bphc.org/">Boston Public Health Commission</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityofboston.gov/fire/locations.asp">City of Boston Fire Department locations, cf. Engine Company 54 on Long Island.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crimaldi, Laura, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bostonherald.com/localRegional/view.bg?articleid=1016729">"Fresh Start: Organic farm jobs ‘a blessing’ for Hub homeless"</a>, The Boston Herald, August 12, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.norwichbulletin.com/lifestyles/homegarden/x769899323/Video-Homeless-serve-themselves-at-Boston-Harbor-farm#axzz1PrRIFDQb">"Homeless serve themselves at Boston Harbor farm: People living at Boston homeless shelters grow their own produce at the Serving Ourselves Farm on harbor island"</a>, <i>The Patriot Ledger</i>, GateHouse News Service, 14 August 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CHV-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CHV_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CHV_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chvf.org">"Camp Harbor View"</a>. <i>CHVF.org</i>. Camp Harbor View Foundation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CHVF.org&rft.atitle=Camp+Harbor+View&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chvf.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALong+Island+%28Massachusetts%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chvf.org/about-the-camp/">Camp Harbor View History</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neaq.org/education_and_activities/programs_and_classes/summer_programs/harbor_discoveries_camp/index.php">"Harbor Discoveries Camps"</a>. New England Aquarium<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harbor+Discoveries+Camps&rft.pub=New+England+Aquarium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neaq.org%2Feducation_and_activities%2Fprograms_and_classes%2Fsummer_programs%2Fharbor_discoveries_camp%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALong+Island+%28Massachusetts%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BOSTONGLOBE07252016-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BOSTONGLOBE07252016_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abel, David, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/07/24/farm-that-once-benefited-homeless-now-run-fast-food-chain/VI1f4CzUTaFyMnIg5AGEqN/story.html">"Farm that once benefited the homeless now run by fast-food chain"</a>, <i>The Boston Globe</i>, print edition, July 25, 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BGOOD-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BGOOD_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bgood.com/">b.good restaurant website</a> Cf. section on Long Island Farm.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bostonislands.org/factsheet_template.asp?rsIslands__MMColParam=long">Boston Islands Factsheet</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070210142206/http://www.bostonislands.org/factsheet_template.asp?rsIslands__MMColParam=long">Archived</a> 2007-02-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">named after John R. McGillivray, Superintendent of Long Island Hospital, 1951-1965</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">named after <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Nichols" title="Malcolm Nichols">Malcolm E. Nichols</a>, mayor of Boston, 1926-29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sammarco, Anthony. "Boston's Harbor Islands", p.108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0291447/"><i>Richard the Second</i> 2001</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7330253#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilliard2007" class="citation news cs1">Milliard, Mike (7 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thephoenix.com/boston/music/46793-best-of-times/">"The best of times: More than a decade into their career, Dropkick Murphys accept success — and pay tribute to the people and the city who helped them earn it"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Phoenix_(newspaper)" title="The Phoenix (newspaper)">The Boston Phoenix</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Phoenix&rft.atitle=The+best+of+times%3A+More+than+a+decade+into+their+career%2C+Dropkick+Murphys+accept+success+%E2%80%94+and+pay+tribute+to+the+people+and+the+city+who+helped+them+earn+it&rft.date=2007-09-07&rft.aulast=Milliard&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthephoenix.com%2Fboston%2Fmusic%2F46793-best-of-times%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALong+Island+%28Massachusetts%29" class="Z3988"></span> <blockquote><p>On Boston Harbor's Long Island, two miles out in Quincy Bay, the Curley Building stands hulking and decrepit. In the library, books tumble in piles, blanketed with dust and mold. The Art Deco auditorium is musty and rusted; holes in the roof illuminate a floor strewn with chunks of ceiling. It's as if the place was evacuated in a hurry sometime in the 1930s and simply left to the raccoons, one of which decomposes unbothered in a corner. Standing on a weatherworn stage framed by faded crimson curtains, the seven members of Dropkick Murphys are arrayed in stark tableau, black clad and casting long shadows on the piles of junk behind them. They're here to film the video for "The State of Massachusetts," the single from their new album, <i>The Meanest of Times</i> (Born & Bred, released on September 18), and as tall Tim Brennan plucks a tricky Celtic melody on his banjo, they lurch into motion.</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LIS-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LIS_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bphc.org/programs/homeless/emergencyshelter/Pages/Home.aspx">"The Long Island Shelter"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100707002051/http://www.bphc.org/programs/homeless/emergencyshelter/Pages/Home.aspx">Archived</a> 2010-07-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - City of Boston, Boston Public Health Commission, Homeless Services Bureau.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Bibliography</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityofboston.gov/Images_Documents/access_plan_tcm3-16774.pdf">"Long Island Limited Public Access Plan Final Report"</a>, September 2002. Prepared by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cecilgroup.com/">The Cecil Group, Inc.</a> for the City of Boston.</li> <li>Cole, William I., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/moa-cgi?notisid=AFJ3026-0024-33">"Boston's Pauper Institutions"</a>, The New England Magazine, Volume 24, Issue 2, April 1898</li> <li>Downst, Henry P., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kellscraft.com/NotesBoston/NotesBostoncontentpage.html">"Random Notes of Boston"</a>, Humphrey Publishing, ca. 1916.</li> <li>Kales, Emily, Kales, David, "All About the Boston Harbor Islands", Hewitts Cove Publishing, 1983.</li> <li>Mikal, Alan, "Exploring Boston Harbor", Christopher Publishing House, North Quincy, Massachusetts, 1973. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8158-0303-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8158-0303-6">0-8158-0303-6</a></li> <li>Richburg, Julie A., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060914083041/http://www.umass.edu/nrc/faculty/profile.patterson.html">Patterson, William A.</a>, III, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070616180734/http://www.umass.edu/nrc/nebarrensfuels/publications/pdfs/Richburg_Patterson_Histveg_BOHA.pdf">"Historical Description of the Vegetation of the Boston Harbor Islands, 1600-2000"</a>, Northeastern Naturalist, 12(Special Issue 3), 13–30, 2005.</li> <li>Sammarco, Anthony Mitchell, "Boston's Harbor Islands", Images of America series, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7524-0900-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7524-0900-X">0-7524-0900-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Rowe_Snow" title="Edward Rowe Snow">Snow, Edward Rowe</a>, "The Islands of Boston Harbor", 1935. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-396-08349-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-396-08349-8">0-396-08349-8</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.commonwealtheditions.com/productdetails.cfm?PC=31">[1]</a></li> <li>Snow, Edward Rowe, "Sailing Down Boston Bay", Yankee Publishing Company, 1941.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kellscraft.com/EventsBoston/EventsBostonscontent.html">"Some Events of Boston and Its Neighbors"</a>, printed for the State Street Trust Company, Boston, Massachusetts, 1917.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kellscraft.com/EventsBoston/EventsBoston04.html">"The Islands of Boston Harbor"</a>, in "Some Events of Boston and Its Neighbors", Chapter 4, printed for the State Street Trust Company, Boston, Massachusetts, 1917.</li> <li>Sweetser, M.F., "King's Handbook of Boston Harbor", Moses King Corporation, Boston, 1882; reprinted in 1988 by Applewood Books, and The Friends of Boston Harbor Islands. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/57271168">57271168</a>. This book was written about the time when the first Boston almshouse was being built on Long Island. Cf. pp. 179–186, for Long Island.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Vermont" title="University of Vermont">University of Vermont</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uvm.edu/~uvmpr/vq/VQFall02/Bed.html">"It starts With a Bed: UVM alums Richard Weintraub & Lyndia Downie lead fight to break cycle of homelessness in Boston</a>, Vermont Quarterly, Fall 2002. Interview with Richard Weintraub about Long Island social services.</li> <li>Winsor, Justin, Jewett, C.F., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vuC3DaZJ-ZMC&source=gbs_similarbooks"><i>The Memorial History of Boston Including Suffolk County, Massachusetts 1630-1880</i></a>, 1880.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Island_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Long_Island_(Massachusetts)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Long Island (Massachusetts)">Long Island (Massachusetts)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fbhi.org/long-island.html">"Profile: Long Island"</a>, <i>Friends of the Boston Harbor Islands</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lighthouse.cc/longislandhead/index.html">Lighthouse on Long Island, Boston Harbor</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061115172346/http://www.bostonislands.org/isle_maps.html">Map of Long Island, and Moon Island</a> (archived 2006)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ed-thelen.org/J-McGrath/NDAWES.HTM">Military page on Fort Strong, Long Island, Boston.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ed-thelen.org/J-McGrath/ftstrongm.jpg">Map of Fort Strong, Long Island, Boston, 1905.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lighthouse.cc/longislandhead/history.html">Long Island Head Light(house), Boston.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bostonharbor.com/">Boston Harbor resources site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harbormasters.org/charts/13270_1.gif">NOAA Soundings Map of Boston Harbor</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abandonedcentral.com/blog/2024/5/26/bostons-abandoned-hospital-on-an-island-explored-for-24-hours">"Long Island Health Campus Boston Harbor - exploration and video 2024"</a>, <i>abandonedcentral.com</i>. Accessed August 19, 2024</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Massachusetts" title="List of islands of Massachusetts">Islands</a> and peninsulas of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abnecotants_Island" title="Abnecotants Island">Abnecotants Island</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adams_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Adams Island (Massachusetts)">Adams Island</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrita_Island" title="Amrita Island">Amrita Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelica_Rock" title="Angelica Rock">Angelica Rock</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apple_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Apple Island (Massachusetts)">Apple Island</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Averills_Island_(Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Averills Island (Massachusetts)">Averills Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Bachelor Island">Bachelor Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakers_Island" title="Bakers Island">Bakers Island</a></li> <li>Bar Rock (Scituate)</li> <li>Baret Island</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barton_Island" title="Barton Island">Barton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassetts_Island" title="Bassetts Island">Bassetts Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bates_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Bates Island (Massachusetts)">Bates Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Beaver Island (Massachusetts)">Beaver Island</a></li> <li>Big Pine Island</li> <li>Big Quamino Rock</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billingsgate_Island" title="Billingsgate Island">Billingsgate Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Bird Island (Massachusetts)">Bird Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Rock_(Bristol_County,_Massachusetts)" title="Black Rock (Bristol County, Massachusetts)">Black Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueberry_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Blueberry Island (Massachusetts)">Blueberry Island</a></li> <li>Boston Ledge</li> <li>Brant Island</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Bluff-Brant_Rock,_Massachusetts" title="Ocean Bluff-Brant Rock, Massachusetts">Brant Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumpkin_Island" title="Bumpkin Island">Bumpkin Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busta_Rhymes_Island" title="Busta Rhymes Island">Busta Rhymes Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Button_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Button Island (Massachusetts)">Button Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calf_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Calf Island (Massachusetts)">Calf Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrick_Island_(Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrick Island (Massachusetts)">Carrick Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Rock_(Massachusetts)" title="Castle Rock (Massachusetts)">Castle Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cemetery_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Cemetery Island (Massachusetts)">Cemetery Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chappaquiddick_Island" title="Chappaquiddick Island">Chappaquiddick Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Island" title="Children's Island">Children's Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childs_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Childs Island (Massachusetts)">Childs Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choate_Island" title="Choate Island">Choate Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chubb_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Chubb Island (Massachusetts)">Chubb Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Clark Island (Massachusetts)">Clark Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark%27s_Island" title="Clark's Island">Clark's Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Cleveland Island (Massachusetts)">Cleveland Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobble_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Cobble Island (Massachusetts)">Cobble Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Coney Island (Massachusetts)">Coney Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_Island" title="Conspiracy Island">Conspiracy Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cormorant_Rock_(Essex_County,_Massachusetts)" title="Cormorant Rock (Essex County, Massachusetts)">Cormorant Rock (Marblehead)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Corn Island (Massachusetts)">Corn Island</a></li> <li>Cove Ledge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Crow Island (Massachusetts)">Crow Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowninshield_Island" title="Crowninshield Island">Crowninshield Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuttyhunk_Island" title="Cuttyhunk Island">Cuttyhunk Island</a></li> <li>Decatur Rock</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_Island_(Amesbury,_Massachusetts)" title="Deer Island (Amesbury, Massachusetts)">Deer Island (Amesbury)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dole_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Dole Island (Massachusetts)">Dole Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_Rock" title="Egg Rock">Egg Rock (Concord)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_Rock_(Nahant_Bay)" title="Egg Rock (Nahant Bay)">Egg Rock (Nahant)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Islands" title="Elizabeth Islands">Elizabeth Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Fish Island (Massachusetts)">Fish Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallops_Island" title="Gallops Island">Gallops Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Georges Island (Massachusetts)">Georges Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gooseberry_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Gooseberry Island (Massachusetts)">Gooseberry Island</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Governors_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Governors Island (Massachusetts)">Governors Island</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Island_(Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Island (Massachusetts)">Grand Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grape_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Grape Island (Massachusetts)">Grape Island (Weymouth)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grape_Island_(Essex_County,_Massachusetts)" title="Grape Island (Essex County, Massachusetts)">Grape Island (Ipswich)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Brewster_Island" title="Great Brewster Island">Great Brewster Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Green Island (Massachusetts)">Green Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gull_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Gull Island (Massachusetts)">Gull Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hales_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Hales Island (Massachusetts)">Hales Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangman_Island" title="Hangman Island">Hangman Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Island,_Massachusetts" title="Holy Island, Massachusetts">Holy Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="House Island (Massachusetts)">House Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langlee_Island" title="Langlee Island">Langlee Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Brewster_Island" title="Little Brewster Island">Little Brewster Island</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Long Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovells_Island" title="Lovells Island">Lovells Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marblehead_Rock" title="Marblehead Rock">Marblehead Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha%27s_Vineyard" title="Martha's Vineyard">Martha's Vineyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Brewster_Island" title="Middle Brewster Island">Middle Brewster Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misery_Islands" title="Misery Islands">Misery Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monomoy_Island" title="Monomoy Island">Monomoy Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Moon Island (Massachusetts)">Moon Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskeget_Island" title="Muskeget Island">Muskeget Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahant,_Massachusetts" title="Nahant, Massachusetts">Nahant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantucket,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Nantucket, Massachusetts">Nantucket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashawena_Island" title="Nashawena Island">Nashawena Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naushon_Island" title="Naushon Island">Naushon Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixes_Mate" title="Nixes Mate">Nixes Mate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noddle%27s_Island" title="Noddle's Island">Noddle's Island</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomans_Land_(Massachusetts)" title="Nomans Land (Massachusetts)">Nomans Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonamesset_Island" title="Nonamesset Island">Nonamesset Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_Island" title="Nut Island">Nut Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onset_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Onset Island (Massachusetts)">Onset Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Brewster_Island" title="Outer Brewster Island">Outer Brewster Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasque_Island" title="Pasque Island">Pasque Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peddocks_Island" title="Peddocks Island">Peddocks Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penikese_Island" title="Penikese Island">Penikese Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plum_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Plum Island (Massachusetts)">Plum Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popponesset_Island,_Massachusetts" title="Popponesset Island, Massachusetts">Popponesset Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popponesset_Spit" title="Popponesset Spit">Popponesset Spit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raccoon_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Raccoon Island (Massachusetts)">Raccoon Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragged_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Ragged Island (Massachusetts)">Ragged Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainsford_Island" title="Rainsford Island">Rainsford Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampsons_Island" title="Sampsons Island">Sampsons Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Sarah Island (Massachusetts)">Sarah Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shag_Rocks_(Massachusetts)" title="Shag Rocks (Massachusetts)">Shag Rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slate_Island" title="Slate Island">Slate Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Snake Island (Massachusetts)">Snake Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectacle_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Spectacle Island (Massachusetts)">Spectacle Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinnaker_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Spinnaker Island (Massachusetts)">Spinnaker Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stall_Hill_Island" title="Stall Hill Island">Stall Hill Island</a></li> <li>Tewksbury Rock</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thacher_Island" title="Thacher Island">Thacher Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Graves_(Massachusetts)" title="The Graves (Massachusetts)">The Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thompson_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Thompson Island (Massachusetts)">Thompson Island</a></li> <li>Three and One-half Fathom Ledge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinker%27s_Island" title="Tinker's Island">Tinker's Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuckernuck_Island" title="Tuckernuck Island">Tuckernuck Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncatena_Island" title="Uncatena Island">Uncatena Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veckatimest_Island" title="Veckatimest Island">Veckatimest Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washburn_Island,_Massachusetts" title="Washburn Island, Massachusetts">Washburn Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weepecket_Islands" title="Weepecket Islands">Weepecket Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="West Island (Massachusetts)">West Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickets_Island" title="Wickets Island">Wickets Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_Island" title="Winter Island">Winter Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">Peninsulas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Ann" title="Cape Ann">Cape Ann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod" title="Cape Cod">Cape Cod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Castle Island (Massachusetts)">Castle Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_River_Peninsula" title="Charles River Peninsula">Charles River Peninsula</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charlestown_Neck" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlestown Neck">Charlestown Neck</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Point,_Boston" title="Columbia Point, Boston">Columbia Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Deer Island (Massachusetts)">Deer Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houghs_Neck" title="Houghs Neck">Houghs Neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humarock" title="Humarock">Humarock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemberton_Point" title="Pemberton Point">Pemberton Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popponesset_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Popponesset Peninsula">Popponesset Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Head_(Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Head (Massachusetts)">Ram Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Point_(Massachusetts)" title="Rocky Point (Massachusetts)">Rocky Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Point,_Massachusetts" title="Rose Point, Massachusetts">Rose Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem_Neck_(Massachusetts)" title="Salem Neck (Massachusetts)">Salem Neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawmut_Peninsula" title="Shawmut Peninsula">Shawmut Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wings_Neck" title="Wings Neck">Wings Neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World%27s_End_(Hingham)" title="World's End (Hingham)">World's End</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islands_in_Boston_Harbor" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Boston_Harbor_Islands" title="Template:Boston Harbor Islands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Boston_Harbor_Islands" title="Template talk:Boston Harbor Islands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Boston_Harbor_Islands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Boston Harbor Islands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islands_in_Boston_Harbor" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Islands in <a href="/wiki/Boston_Harbor" title="Boston Harbor">Boston Harbor</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Harbor_Islands_National_Recreation_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area">Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apple_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Apple Island (Massachusetts)">Apple</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calf_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Calf Island (Massachusetts)">Calf</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Castle_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Castle Island (Massachusetts)">Castle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deer_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Deer Island (Massachusetts)">Deer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallops_Island" title="Gallops Island">Gallops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Georges Island (Massachusetts)">Georges</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Governors_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Governors Island (Massachusetts)">Governors</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Graves_(Massachusetts)" title="The Graves (Massachusetts)">The Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Brewster_Island" title="Great Brewster Island">Great Brewster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Green Island (Massachusetts)">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Brewster_Island" title="Little Brewster Island">Little Brewster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Calf_Island" title="Little Calf Island">Little Calf</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovells_Island" title="Lovells Island">Lovells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Brewster_Island" title="Middle Brewster Island">Middle Brewster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixes_Mate" title="Nixes Mate">Nixes Mate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noddle%27s_Island" title="Noddle's Island">Noddle's</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Brewster_Island" title="Outer Brewster Island">Outer Brewster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainsford_Island" title="Rainsford Island">Rainsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shag_Rocks_(Massachusetts)" title="Shag Rocks (Massachusetts)">Shag Rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectacle_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Spectacle Island (Massachusetts)">Spectacle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thompson_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Thompson Island (Massachusetts)">Thompson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hingham,_Massachusetts" title="Hingham, Massachusetts">Hingham</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bumpkin_Island" title="Bumpkin Island">Bumpkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Button_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Button Island (Massachusetts)">Button</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langlee_Island" title="Langlee Island">Langlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragged_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Ragged Island (Massachusetts)">Ragged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Sarah Island (Massachusetts)">Sarah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hull,_Massachusetts" title="Hull, Massachusetts">Hull</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peddocks_Island" title="Peddocks Island">Peddocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinnaker_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Spinnaker Island (Massachusetts)">Spinnaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quincy,_Massachusetts" title="Quincy, Massachusetts">Quincy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hangman_Island" title="Hangman Island">Hangman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Moon Island (Massachusetts)">Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_Island" title="Nut Island">Nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raccoon_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Raccoon Island (Massachusetts)">Raccoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Weymouth,_Massachusetts" title="Weymouth, Massachusetts">Weymouth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grape_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Grape Island (Massachusetts)">Grape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheep_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Sheep Island (Massachusetts)">Sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slate_Island" title="Slate Island">Slate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Winthrop,_Massachusetts" title="Winthrop, Massachusetts">Winthrop</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snake_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Snake Island (Massachusetts)">Snake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td 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