CPAP-behandling - Vårdhandboken (2024)

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Genom uppblåsningen av luftvägarna eller volymökning öppnas stängda lungdelar. CPAP påverkar redistributionen av vätska i lungorna positivt, vilket underlättar andningsarbetet och sekr..."><meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-11-29T20:34:00+07:00"><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-11-29T20:34:00+07:00"><link rel="canonical" href="https://custommapposter.com/article/cpap-behandling-vaardhandboken/4346"/><meta property="og:title" content="CPAP-behandling - Vårdhandboken (2024)" /><meta property="og:description" content="AndningsvårdCPAP är en behandling där ett positivt luftvägstryck i luftvägarna under hela andningscykeln åstadkoms. Genom uppblåsningen av luftvägarna eller volymökning öppnas stängda lungdelar. CPAP påverkar redistributionen av vätska i lungorna positivt, vilket underlättar andningsarbetet och sekr..." /><meta property="og:type" content="article" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Custommapposter" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://custommapposter.com/article/cpap-behandling-vaardhandboken/4346" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://ts2.mm.bing.net/th?q=CPAP-behandling - Vårdhandboken (2024)" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="CPAP-behandling - Vårdhandboken (2024)" /><meta name="twitter:description" content="AndningsvårdCPAP är en behandling där ett positivt luftvägstryck i luftvägarna under hela andningscykeln åstadkoms. Genom uppblåsningen av luftvägarna eller volymökning öppnas stängda lungdelar. 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height: 600px;"> <div id="mmt-48148366-b8b4-44da-8e7e-0bd3bd28e9f0"></div><script type="text/javascript" data-cfasync="false">$MMT = window.$MMT || {}; $MMT.cmd = $MMT.cmd || [];$MMT.cmd.push(function(){ $MMT.display.slots.push(["48148366-b8b4-44da-8e7e-0bd3bd28e9f0"]); })</script> </div> <div class="main-container container"> <main class="left-container doc-detail"> <section class="hentry flex items-center md:items-start mt-3 md:mt-3 ml-0 flex-col md:flex-row"> <div class="w-full"> <h1 class="entry-title mb-5 text-center font-semibold text-2xl xl:text-4xl !leading-common"> CPAP-behandling - Vårdhandboken (2024) </h1> <div class="bg-primary-100 text-common !leading-common rounded-lg pl-5 pr-2 py-4 mb-2 space-y-2 text-primary-500"> <div class="font-semibold">Table of Contents</div> <a class="list-item toc-h3" href="#toc-0">Många olika indikationer</a> <a class="list-item toc-h3" href="#toc-1">Patientens upplevelse av behandlingen</a> <a class="list-item toc-h3" href="#toc-2">Behandlingstryck</a> <a class="list-item toc-h2" href="#toc-3">Kontraindikationer till CPAP-behandling</a> <a class="list-item toc-h2" href="#toc-4">CPAP-utrustning</a> <a class="list-item toc-h3" href="#toc-5">Rengöring/desinfektion av CPAP- och Bi-levelPAP-utrustning</a> <a class="list-item toc-h2" href="#toc-6">Andningsvård</a> <a class="list-item toc-h2" href="#toc-7">Hitta på sidan</a> <a class="list-item toc-h2" href="#toc-8">Läs mer i Vårdhandboken</a> <a class="list-item toc-h3" href="#toc-9">Basala hygienrutiner och klädregler</a> <a class="list-item toc-h3" href="#toc-10">Patientens rättsliga ställning</a> <a class="list-item toc-h3" href="#toc-11">Avvikelse- och riskhantering</a> <a class="list-item toc-h3" href="#toc-12">Dokumentation</a> </div> <div class="mt-2 -mx-4 sm:-mx-8"> <div id="mmt-7bde16b5-414f-4c99-b45a-259240a801e0"></div><script type="text/javascript" data-cfasync="false">$MMT = window.$MMT || {}; $MMT.cmd = $MMT.cmd || [];$MMT.cmd.push(function(){ $MMT.display.slots.push(["7bde16b5-414f-4c99-b45a-259240a801e0"]); })</script> </div> <article class="article-detail"> <section class="entry-content paragraph"><div><div><div><div><div><header><div><p><span>Andningsvård</span></p></div></header><div><div><div data-is-chapter="isChapter" data-is-member-of-chapter-container="false" data-print-sidebar-title=""><p>CPAP är en behandling där ett positivt luftvägstryck i luftvägarna under hela andningscykeln åstadkoms. Genom uppblåsningen av luftvägarna eller volymökning öppnas stängda lungdelar. CPAP påverkar redistributionen av vätska i lungorna positivt, vilket underlättar andningsarbetet och sekretmobilisering. Behandlingen kan ges kontinuerligt eller intermittent [9].</p></div></div><div><div data-is-chapter="isChapter" data-is-member-of-chapter-container="false" data-print-sidebar-title=""><div><h3 id="toc-0">Många olika indikationer</h3><p>CPAP används i många kliniska situationer, med olika målsättningar. Exempelvis används CPAP på sjukhus vid lungödemsbehandling eller vid akut andningssvikt på grund av atelektaser (sammanfallna lungblåsor), slemstagnation, eller vid dålig syresättning. CPAP är inte en optimal behandlingsmetod under längre perioder för patienter med nedsatt uthållighet i andningsmuskulaturen, som till exempel vid KOL, neuromuskulär sjukdom eller för patienter med uttalade obstruktiva besvär. Dessa patienter bör istället behandlas med Bi-Level-ventilation (Bi-LevelPAP). Då levereras ett inandningsstöd till patienten som underlättar andningsarbetet [9,11,15-17].</p><p>Ett annat användningsområde för CPAP är vid sömnapné, då patienten har en CPAP-ventilator hemma [11,17]. CPAP används också inom neonatalvården. CPAP-behandling ges vanligen på intensivvårdsenheter, men kan förekomma på alla typer av avdelningar och i hemmet. Behandlingstiderna och frekvensen varierar mycket, beroende på orsaken till behandlingen och hur väl patienten tolererar den. CPAP-behandling ordineras av läkare och inleds vanligen av fysioterapeut eller sjuksköterska [11,15,17].</p></div></div></div><div><div data-is-chapter="isChapter" data-is-member-of-chapter-container="false" data-print-sidebar-title=""><div><h3 id="toc-1">Patientens upplevelse av behandlingen</h3><p>Det är viktigt att förklara för patienten varför behandlingen med CPAP/Bi-LevelPAP är bra, hur det kommer att gå till och hur det kan komma att kännas. En del upplever att det är obehagligt att behandlas med CPAP/Bi-LevelPAP eftersom masken sitter tätt över näsa och eventuellt mun och det kontinuerligt blåser luft i masken.</p><p>Om patienten känner att andningsarbetet blir bättre, accepterar hen oftast behandlingen på ett bra sätt. Det gäller dock att ge ett lugnt bemötande och inte lämna patienten ensam vid inträningen eftersom behandlingen till en början kan ge en instängdhetskänsla. Tänk på att när patienten har oförmåga att ta bort masken själv, vid illamående/kräkning föreligger stor aspirationsrisk [11,17].<div class="bg-primary-100 rounded-lg my-6 px-2 py-3 font-semibold insert" style="color: rgb(37, 99, 235)"><div class="text-common !leading-common ml-1 insert" style="margin-top: 0.2rem; margin-bottom: 0.2rem">See Also</div><a class="list-item toc-h2 py-1" style="border-bottom: none" href="https://custommapposter.com/article/cpap-mask-resmed-philips-fisher-paykel/4346" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CPAP-mask | ResMed - Philips - Fisher & Paykel</a><a class="list-item toc-h2 py-1" style="border-bottom: none" href="https://custommapposter.com/article/soemnapnemasker-philips/4346" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sömnapnémasker | Philips</a><a class="list-item toc-h2 py-1" style="border-bottom: none" href="https://custommapposter.com/article/cpap-maskin-cpap-mask-apap-behandla-soemnapne/4346" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CPAP-maskin, CPAP-mask, APAP | Behandla sömnapné</a></div></p><p>För att optimera behandlingen bör optimal kroppsposition intas och rätt mask provas ut eftersom det finns många olika typer. Inställningarna för CPAP-ventilatorn bör också provas ut och anpassas efter patienten. Börja med ett lägre tryck för att sedan öka. Inställningar för tryck ordineras av läkare [17].</p></div></div></div><div><div data-is-chapter="isChapter" data-is-member-of-chapter-container="false" data-print-sidebar-title=""><div><div><figure data-img-block="data-img-block" data-is-member-of-chapter="true" data-is-member-of-chapter-container="false" data-print-sidebar-title="Bild"><p><img alt="CPAP-behandling - Vårdhandboken (1)" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" class="lazyload" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" title="CPAP-behandling - Vårdhandboken (1)" data-src="https://i0.wp.com/www.vardhandboken.se/globalassets/vhb/media/bilder/cpap_1666.jpg?saved=2019-07-16+09:19&preset=low-res" data-src2="https://www.vardhandboken.se/globalassets/vhb/media/bilder/cpap_1666.jpg?saved=2019-07-16+09:19&preset=low-res" onerror="if(this.src==this.getAttribute('data-src2')){onImageError(this,true)}else{this.src=this.getAttribute('data-src2')}"></p></figure></div></div></div></div><div><div data-is-chapter="isChapter" data-is-member-of-chapter-container="false" data-print-sidebar-title=""><div><h3 id="toc-2">Behandlingstryck</h3><p>Behandlingen kan ges intermittent eller kontinuerligt. Behandlingstrycket ska vara läkarordinerat och brukar variera mellan 5 och 15 cm H2O tryck och beroende på patientens behov och tillstånd. BilevelPAP (bilevel positive airway pressure) använder två motståndsnivåer, ett högre tryck på inandning (IPAP) som sänks till utandningen (EPAP=PEEP). Skillnaden i trycken ger tryckunderstödet och hjälper patienten att andas ut [24-25].</p><p>Gör så här:</p><ol><li>Kontrollera läkarordination.</li><li>Förbered utrustningen.</li><li>Förklara för patienten vad som ska göras.</li><li>Anslut masken och sätt den tätt över patientens näsa och mun.</li><li>Vänj patienten successivt vid ventilatorns tryck tills ordinerat tryck har uppnåtts [11-12,17].</li></ol></div></div></div><div><div data-is-chapter="isChapter" data-is-member-of-chapter-container="false" data-print-sidebar-title=""><div><p>Före och under behandlingen kontrolleras</p><ul><li>puls</li><li>blodtryck</li><li>syremättnad</li><li>andningsfrekvens</li><li>eventuellt koldioxidnivåer (vid risk för CO2-retention) [17]</li><li>eventuella tryckskador av mask.</li></ul></div></div></div><div><div data-is-chapter="isChapter" data-is-member-of-chapter-container="false" data-print-sidebar-title=""><div><h2 id="toc-3">Kontraindikationer till CPAP-behandling</h2><h4><strong><br>Absoluta kontraindikationer:</strong></h4><ul><li>Odränerad pneumothorax</li><li>Subkutant emfysem</li></ul><h4>Relativa kontraindikationer:</h4><ul><li>Hjärtarytmier</li><li>Hypotoni</li><li>Hypovolemi</li><li>Högt intrakraniellt tryck</li><li>Kräkning</li><li>Aspirationsrisk</li><li>Sänkt medvetandegrad [17]</li></ul></div></div></div><div><div data-is-chapter="isChapter" data-is-member-of-chapter-container="false" data-print-sidebar-title=""><div><h2 id="toc-4">CPAP-utrustning</h2><p>Eftersom det finns olika fabrikat är det viktigt att informera sig om den CPAP-utrustning som finns på den egna enheten. Tänk på att hitta rätt mask för patienten för att optimera behandlingen och minska risk för läckage. Vissa CPAP-ventilatorer kan ha befuktare som kan kopplas till för att förhindra uttorkning av slemhinnor och ge en behagligare behandling för patienten [11,17].</p></div></div></div><div><div data-is-chapter="isChapter" data-is-member-of-chapter-container="false" data-print-sidebar-title=""><div><h3 id="toc-5">Rengöring/desinfektion av CPAP- och Bi-levelPAP-utrustning</h3><p>Det är mycket viktigt att CPAP- och Bi-levelPAP-utrustningen rengörs dagligen då det lätt bildas bakterier på mask och slangar som kan orsaka infektion hos patienten. Även befuktaren måste rengöras dagligen och sterilt vatten bytas [11].</p><p><strong>Dagligen på sjukhus och klinik:</strong></p><ul><li>Desinfektera i diskdesinfektor.</li><li>Byt slang och rengör i diskdesinfektor med hjälp av en genomspolningsinsats.</li><li>Engångsslangar byts dagligen.</li><li>Använd sterilt vatten till befuktaren. Rengör som ovan.</li></ul><p><strong>Dagligen i hemmet:</strong></p><ul><li>Rengör mask med diskmedel och kroppsvarmt vatten. Skölj och låt lufttorka.</li><li>Rengöring av slang, se tillverkarens anvisningar.</li><li>Använd sterilt vatten till befuktaren om inte annat ordinerats. Rengör som ovan. Alternativ till eftersköljning med sterilt vatten är eftersköljning med kokt vatten från rent kärl.</li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><nav><h2 id="toc-6"><span>Andningsvård</span></h2><ul><li><span>Översikt</span></li><li><span>Andningsbefrämjande tekniker</span></li><li><span>CPAP-behandling</span></li><li><span>Andningsbefrämjande åtgärder</span></li><li><span>Inhalationsbehandling</span></li><li><span>PEF-mätning</span></li><li><span>Spirometri</span></li><li><span>Lokala anvisningar</span></li><li><span>Referenser och regelverk</span></li></ul></nav><div><div><div><div><nav><h2 id="toc-7">Hitta på sidan</h2><ul></ul></nav></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><section><div><div><div><div><p><header><h2 id="toc-8"><span>Läs mer i Vårdhandboken</span></h2></header></p></div><div data-cy="ui-article-list"><div><div><div><div><h3 id="toc-9"><span>Basala hygienrutiner och klädregler</span></h3><p>Samlingssida för alla sidor inom basala hygienrutiner och klädregler.</p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><h3 id="toc-10"><span>Patientens rättsliga ställning</span></h3><p>Läs om vårdgivarens skyldigheter och patientens valmöjligheter. Det finns också information om vart patienten kan vända sig om hen inte är nöjd.</p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><h3 id="toc-11"><span>Avvikelse- och riskhantering</span></h3><p>Här kan du läsa mer om vårdgivarens ansvar för att utveckla och säkerställa kvaliteten i verksamheten. Det finns också information om att bland annat rapportera risker och anmäla avvikelser.</p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><h3 id="toc-12"><span>Dokumentation</span></h3><p>För att säkerställa att patienten får en god och säker vård finns en lagstadgad skyldighet att föra patientjournal över de bedömningar och beslut som har gjorts avseende patientens vård och behandling.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section></div></section> <img class="lazyload" data-src="https://ts2.mm.bing.net/th?q=CPAP-behandling - Vårdhandboken (2024)" alt="CPAP-behandling - Vårdhandboken (2024)" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mP8/h8AAvMB+NzmkbcAAAAASUVORK5CYII="/> <section> </section> </article> <div class="text-2xl font-semibold mt-5 mb-5">Top Articles</div> <div class="container-doc"> <a href="https://custommapposter.com/article/molly-mae-and-tommy-fury-living-separate-lives-for-weeks-before-split/4346" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="group mb-20 flex flex-col items-center"> <img class="lazyload h-56 object-cover" data-src="https://ts2.mm.bing.net/th?q=Molly Mae and Tommy Fury 'living separate lives' for weeks before split" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mP8/h8AAvMB+NzmkbcAAAAASUVORK5CYII="/> <div class="group-hover:text-primary-500 block font-medium mt-5 text-2xl"> Molly Mae and Tommy Fury 'living separate lives' for weeks before split </div> </a> <a href="https://custommapposter.com/article/mercedes-credit-card/4346" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="group mb-20 flex flex-col items-center"> <img class="lazyload h-56 object-cover" data-src="https://ts2.mm.bing.net/th?q=Mercedes Credit Card" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mP8/h8AAvMB+NzmkbcAAAAASUVORK5CYII="/> <div class="group-hover:text-primary-500 block font-medium mt-5 text-2xl"> Mercedes Credit Card </div> </a> <a href="https://custommapposter.com/article/a-complete-guide-to-credit-card-balance-transfers-moneyboat-moneyboat/4346" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="group mb-20 flex flex-col items-center"> <img class="lazyload h-56 object-cover" data-src="https://ts2.mm.bing.net/th?q=A Complete Guide to Credit Card Balance Transfers | Moneyboat | Moneyboat" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mP8/h8AAvMB+NzmkbcAAAAASUVORK5CYII="/> <div class="group-hover:text-primary-500 block font-medium mt-5 text-2xl"> A Complete Guide to Credit Card Balance Transfers | Moneyboat | Moneyboat </div> </a> </div> <div class="text-2xl font-semibold mt-5 mb-5">Latest Posts</div> <div class="container-doc"> <a href="https://custommapposter.com/article/molly-mae-and-tommy-fury-s-heartbreaking-final-picture-together-revealed/4346" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="group mb-20 flex flex-col items-center"> <img class="lazyload h-56 object-cover" data-src="https://ts2.mm.bing.net/th?q=Molly Mae and Tommy Fury's heartbreaking final picture together revealed" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mP8/h8AAvMB+NzmkbcAAAAASUVORK5CYII="/> <div class="group-hover:text-primary-500 block font-medium mt-5 text-2xl"> Molly Mae and Tommy Fury's heartbreaking final picture together revealed </div> </a> <a href="https://custommapposter.com/article/molly-mae-hague-and-tommy-fury-agree-on-one-thing-after-shock-split/4346" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="group mb-20 flex flex-col items-center"> <img class="lazyload h-56 object-cover" data-src="https://ts2.mm.bing.net/th?q=Molly-Mae Hague and Tommy Fury agree on one thing after shock split" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mP8/h8AAvMB+NzmkbcAAAAASUVORK5CYII="/> <div class="group-hover:text-primary-500 block font-medium mt-5 text-2xl"> Molly-Mae Hague and Tommy Fury agree on one thing after shock split </div> </a> </div> <div class="text-2xl font-semibold mt-5 mb-5">Recommended Articles</div> <div class="container-doc mb-5"> <ul class="ml-5 list-disc break-all"> <li><a href="https://anisso.cfd/article/noble-s-fokus-rex5-wireless-earbuds-are-the-first-to-use-5-drivers" target="_blank" rel="noopener" > Noble's Fokus Rex5 wireless earbuds are the first to use 5 drivers </a></li> <li><a href="https://anolpa.sbs/article/shelby-mccullough-perfume" target="_blank" rel="noopener" > Shelby Mccullough Perfume </a></li> <li><a href="https://avasin.shop/article/your-blog-top-download-blog" target="_blank" rel="noopener" > Your Blog - 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