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} .loading { visibility: hidden; } .detail-page .post-footer .cmt_iframe_holder { padding-top: 40px !important; } /** Desktop **/ @media (max-width: 900px) { .col-right { display: none; } .col-main { margin-right: 0; min-width: initial; } .footer-outer { display: none; } .cols-wrapper { min-width: initial; } .google-footer-outer { background-color: #f5f5f5; } } /** Tablet **/ @media (max-width: 712px) { .header-outer, .cols-wrapper, .footer-outer, .google-footer-outer { padding: 0 40px; } } /* An extra breakpoint accommodating for long blog titles. */ @media (max-width: 600px) { .header-left { height: 100%; position: initial; top: inherit; margin-top: 0; -webkit-transform: initial; transform: initial; } .header-title { margin-top: 18px; } .header-inner { height: auto; margin-bottom: 32px; margin-top: 32px; } .header-desc { margin-top: 12px; } .header-inner .google-logo { height: 70px; margin-top: 3px; } .header-inner .google-logo img { height: 70px; } .header-title h2 { font-size: 32px; 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//]]> </script> <noscript> <img alt='' height='1' src='https://ad.doubleclick.net/ddm/activity/src=2542116;type=gblog;cat=googl0;ord=1?' width='1'/> </noscript>  <div class='header-outer'> <div class='header-inner'> <div class='section' id='header'><div class='widget Header' data-version='1' id='Header1'> <div class='header-left'> <div class='header-title'> <a class='google-logo' href='https://blog.chromium.org/'> <img alt="Chromium Blog" height="50" src="//1.bp.blogspot.com/-vkF7AFJOwBk/VkQxeAGi1mI/AAAAAAAARYo/57denvsQ8zA/s1600-r/logo_chromium.png"> </a> <a href='/.'> <h2> Chromium Blog </h2> </a> </div> <div class='header-desc'> News and developments from the open source browser project </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div>  <div class='cols-wrapper loading'> <div class='col-main-wrapper'> <div class='col-main'> <div class='section' id='main'><div class='widget Blog' data-version='1' id='Blog1'> <div class='post' data-id='5118443679325405951' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/09/chrome-95-beta-secure-payment.html' itemprop='url' title='Chrome 95 Beta: Secure Payment Confirmation, WebAssembly Exception Handling and More'> Chrome 95 Beta: Secure Payment Confirmation, WebAssembly Exception Handling and More </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> <span class='publishdate' itemprop='datePublished'> Thursday, September 23, 2021 </span> </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> <p>Unless otherwise noted, changes described below apply to the newest Chrome beta channel release for Android, Chrome OS, Linux, macOS, and Windows. Learn more about the features listed here through the provided links or from the list on <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/features#milestone%3D76">ChromeStatus.com</a>. Chrome 95 is beta as of September 23, 2021.</p> <h2>Origin Trials</h2> <p>This version of Chrome introduces the origin trials described below. Origin trials allow you to try new features and give feedback on usability, practicality, and effectiveness to the web standards community. To register for any of the origin trials currently supported in Chrome, including the ones described below, visit the <a href="https://developers.chrome.com/origintrials/#/trials/active">Chrome Origin Trials dashboard</a>. To learn more about origin trials in Chrome, visit the <a href="https://web.dev/origin-trials/">Origin Trials Guide for Web Developers</a>. Microsoft Edge runs its own origin trials separate from Chrome. To learn more, see the <a href="https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/origin-trials/">Microsoft Edge Origin Trials Developer Console</a>. </p> <h3>New Origin Trials</h3> <h4>Access Handles for the File System Access API</h4> <p>It's our <a href="https://github.com/WICG/storage-foundation-api-explainer/issues/4#issuecomment-853370759">eventual goal</a> to merge the origin private file system of the File System Access API with the <a href="https://chromestatus.com/feature/5670244905385984">Storage Foundation API</a> to reduce the number of entry points for getting access to file-based storage in the browser. A first step toward this objective is the newly proposed <a href="https://github.com/WICG/file-system-access/blob/main/AccessHandle.md">access handle</a>. The new feature differs from existing functionality by offering in-place and exclusive write access to a file's content. This change, along with the ability to consistently read unflushed modifications and the availability of a synchronous variant on dedicated workers, significantly improves performance and unblocks new use cases. To join the origin trial, see <a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://developer.chrome.com/origintrials/%23/view_trial/3378825620434714625&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1632322938025000&usg=AOvVaw2QHjz5Bm-HjLWnHt1xaJH3">its entry on Chrome Origin Trials</a>. For more on access handlers, see the information we've added to <a href="https://web.dev/file-system-access/#accessing-storage-foundation-api-files-from-the-origin-private-file-system">The File System Access API: simplifying access to local files</a>.</p> <h4>Reduce User Agent String Information</h4> <p>Chrome is trying to <a href="https://blog.chromium.org/2021/09/user-agent-reduction-origin-trial-and-dates.html">reduce the amount of information the user agent string exposes</a> in HTTP requests as well as in <code>navigator.userAgent</code>, <code>navigator.appVersion</code>, and <code>navigator.platform</code>. The user agent string can be used for passive user fingerprinting. To join the origin trial, see <a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://developer.chrome.com/origintrials/%23/view_trial/-7123568710593282047&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1632322938025000&usg=AOvVaw207ZCzhuIHuw9cXAfgBMMn">its entry on Chrome Origin Trials</a>.</p> <h3>Completed Origin Trials</h3> <p>The following features, previously in a Chrome origin trial, are now enabled by default.</p> <h4>Secure Payment Confirmation</h4> <p><a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5702310124584960">Secure payment confirmation</a> augments the payment authentication experience on the web with the help of the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Authentication_API">Web Authentication API</a>. The feature adds a new 'payment' extension to that API, which allows a relying party such as a bank to opt-in to creating a <code><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/PublicKeyCredential">PublicKeyCredential</a></code> that can be queried by any merchant origin as part of an online checkout via the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Payment_Request_API">Payment Request API</a> using the <code>'secure-payment-confirmation'</code> payment method.</p> <p>This feature enables a consistent, low friction, strong authentication experience using platform authenticators. Strong authentication with the user's bank is becoming a requirement for online payments in many regions, including the European Union. The proposed feature provides a better user experience and stronger security than existing solutions.</p> <h4>WebAssembly Exception Handling</h4> <p>WebAssembly <a href="https://developer.chrome.com/origintrials/#/view_trial/2393663201947418625">now provides exception handling</a> support. Exception handling allows code to break control flow when an exception is thrown. The exception can be any that is known by the WebAssembly module, or it may be an unknown exception that was thrown by a called imported function. </p> <h2>Other Features in this Release</h2> <h3>Adding droppedEntriesCount to PerformanceObserver Callback</h3> <p>Currently, web developers can call <code><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/PerformanceObserver/observe">PerformanceObserver.observe()</a></code> with the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/PerformanceObserver/observe#parameters">buffered option</a> to listen to past and future performance entries about their site. Unfortunately, past entries need to be stored, and there is a buffer size limit. The <code>droppedEntriesCount</code> parameter helps developers know if they may have lost an entry due to storage being full. </p> <p><a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5320666234486784">The <code>droppedEntriesCount</code> property</a> is one of the options specified as the third parameter of the callback passed in the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/PerformanceObserver/PerformanceObserver"><code>PerformanceObserver</code> constructor</a>. It provides the number of entries dropped due to the buffer being full. </p> <h3>EyeDropper API</h3> <p><a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/6304275594477568">The EyeDropper API</a> provides a browser-supplied eyedropper for the construction of custom color pickers. Creative applications built for the web could benefit from an ability to sample a color from pixels on the screen. Many OS applications, PowerPoint for example, have this ability but are unable to carry it over to their web equivalents.<br /> <br /> Even though some browsers have eyedropper capability built into <code><input type=color></code> elements, web applications are limited in their ability to integrate this into their custom color pickers since the eyedropper is generally accessible only through the non-customizable popup triggered by the <code><input></code> element.</p> <h3>New UA platform Version Source on Windows for User Agent Client Hints</h3> <p>Chrome has updated the value <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5080939765956608">provided by the <code>Sec-CH-UA-Platform-Version</code> on Windows</a> to provide a reasonable level of fidelity to allow sites to identify meaningful Windows platform changes. This enables sites to deliver appropriate binary executables and help content specific to a particular operating system version. The current user agent string and existing <code>Sec-CH-UA-Platform-Version</code> implementation provides the major and minor version Windows components. However, as of Windows 10, Windows generally doesn't increase either of these numbers across significant releases. Notably, Windows 11 does not increase either of these numbers. You can find a table of value mappings to Windows releases in the <a href="https://github.com/WICG/ua-client-hints/commit/5c1be8772eaf3b823c3c07d6baa6d7348a77627d">UA Client Hints' repo issue 220</a>.</p> <h3>self.reportError()</h3> <p>This function, available in windows and workers, <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5634523220934656">allows developers to report errors</a> to the console and any global "error" event handlers in the same way as an uncaught JavaScript exception. It is mainly useful for custom event-dispatching or callback-manipulating libraries.<br /> This allows library developers to report exceptions in the same way the browser does, which is useful when they need custom control over running the callback. </p> <h3>URLPattern</h3> <p><a href="https://web.dev/urlpattern/">URLPattern</a> is a new web API that provides operating system support for matching URLs given a pattern string. It can be used in JavaScript directly or by passing patterns to other web platform APIs such as, for example, as a service worker scope. Both web platform features and JavaScript applications often need to match against URLs. Examples include, service worker scopes on the web platform and URL routing in JavaScript frameworks. Past web platform features have individually created their own URL matching mechanisms. JavaScript has relied on libraries such as path-to-regexp.</p> <h2>Deprecations, and Removals</h2> <p>This version of Chrome introduces the deprecations and removals listed below. Visit ChromeStatus.com for lists of <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/features#browsers.chrome.status%3A%22Deprecated%22">current deprecations</a> and <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/features#browsers.chrome.status:%22Removed%22">previous removals</a>.</p> <h3>FTP Support Removed</h3> <p>Chrome is <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/6246151319715840">removing support for FTP URLs</a>. Use of FTP in the browser is sufficiently low that it is no longer viable to invest in improving the existing FTP client. In addition, more capable FTP clients are available on all affected platforms.<br /> <br /> Google Chrome 72 and later removed support for fetching document subresources over FTP and rendering of top level FTP resources. Currently navigating to FTP URLs results in showing a directory listing or a download depending on the type of resource. A bug in Google Chrome 74 and later resulted in dropping support for accessing FTP URLs over HTTP proxies. Proxy support for FTP was removed entirely in Google Chrome 76. In Chrome 86 FTP support was turned off for pre-release channels (Canary and Beta) and experimentally turned off for one percent of stable users, though it could be reenabled via the command line. In Chrome 87 it was turned off for fifty percent of users but could also be enabled through the command line. Since Chrome 88, it was only available through a deprecation trial and is now disabled.</p> <h3>Support for URLs with non-IPv4 Hostnames Ending in Numbers</h3> <p>Most hostnames that aren't valid IPv4 addresses, but end in numbers are treated as valid, and looked up via DNS (for example, <code>http://foo.127.1/</code>). Per the Public Suffix List spec, the eTLD+1 of the hostname in that URL should be <code>127.1</code>. If that is ever fed back into a URL, <code>http://127.1/</code> is mapped to <code>http://127.0.0.1/</code> by the URL spec, which seems potentially dangerous. <code>127.0.0.0.1</code> could also potentially be used to confuse users. <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5679790780579840">URLs with these hostnames are now rejected</a>.</p> <h3>WebAssembly Cross-Origin Module Sharing</h3> <p><a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5650158039597056">Chrome now deprecates sharing WebAssembly modules</a> between cross-origin, but same-site environments to <a href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/wasm-module-sharing-restricted-to-same-origin/">allow agent clusters to be scoped to origins long term</a>. </p> <h3>Deprecate U2F API (Cryptotoken)</h3> <p>Chrome's legacy U2F API for interacting with security keys is deprecated and beginning a deprecation trial in Chrome 95 wherein the API remains enabled by default, but the trial token will disable the key for participating sites. U2F security keys themselves are not deprecated and will continue to work.</p> <p>Affected sites should migrate to the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Authentication_API">Web Authentication API</a>. Credentials that were originally registered via the U2F API can be challenged via web authentication. USB security keys that are supported by the U2F API are also supported by the Web Authentication API.</p> <p>U2F is Chrome's original security key API. It allows sites to register public key credentials on USB security keys and challenge them for building phishing-resistant two-factor authentication systems. U2F never became an open web standard and was subsumed by the Web Authentication API (launched in Chrome 67). Chrome never directly supported the FIDO U2F JavaScript API, but rather shipped a component extension called cryptotoken, which exposes an equivalent <code>chrome.runtime.sendMessage()</code> method. U2F and Cryptotoken are firmly in maintenance mode and have encouraged sites to migrate to the Web Authentication API for the last two years.</p> <p>The following timeline is currently planned for deprecation and removal:</p> <h4>Chrome 93</h4> <p>Stable as of August 31, 2021. Support added for the googleLegacyAppIdSupport extension.</p> <h4>Chrome 95</h4> <p>Beta as of September 23, 2021. The following changes were implemented:</p> <ul> <li>Gated U2F API requests behind a user permission prompt.</li> <li>Logged a deprecation notice in the DevTools console for every request.</li> </ul> <h4>Chrome 98</h4> <p>Beta expected in early January 2022, stable in February. The deprecation trial will continue, but its behavior will reverse: the API will be disabled by default, but may be kept alive by trial participants.</p> <h4>Chrome 103</h4><div style="text-align: left;">Beta expected in late May 2022, stable in late June. The deprecation trial will end.</div><h4>Chrome 104</h4><div style="text-align: left;">Beta expected in late June 2022, stable in early August. The  U2F API will be fully removed.</div> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </script> <noscript> <p>Unless otherwise noted, changes described below apply to the newest Chrome beta channel release for Android, Chrome OS, Linux, macOS, and Windows. Learn more about the features listed here through the provided links or from the list on <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/features#milestone%3D76">ChromeStatus.com</a>. Chrome 95 is beta as of September 23, 2021.</p> <h2>Origin Trials</h2> <p>This version of Chrome introduces the origin trials described below. Origin trials allow you to try new features and give feedback on usability, practicality, and effectiveness to the web standards community. To register for any of the origin trials currently supported in Chrome, including the ones described below, visit the <a href="https://developers.chrome.com/origintrials/#/trials/active">Chrome Origin Trials dashboard</a>. To learn more about origin trials in Chrome, visit the <a href="https://web.dev/origin-trials/">Origin Trials Guide for Web Developers</a>. Microsoft Edge runs its own origin trials separate from Chrome. To learn more, see the <a href="https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/origin-trials/">Microsoft Edge Origin Trials Developer Console</a>. </p> <h3>New Origin Trials</h3> <h4>Access Handles for the File System Access API</h4> <p>It's our <a href="https://github.com/WICG/storage-foundation-api-explainer/issues/4#issuecomment-853370759">eventual goal</a> to merge the origin private file system of the File System Access API with the <a href="https://chromestatus.com/feature/5670244905385984">Storage Foundation API</a> to reduce the number of entry points for getting access to file-based storage in the browser. A first step toward this objective is the newly proposed <a href="https://github.com/WICG/file-system-access/blob/main/AccessHandle.md">access handle</a>. The new feature differs from existing functionality by offering in-place and exclusive write access to a file's content. This change, along with the ability to consistently read unflushed modifications and the availability of a synchronous variant on dedicated workers, significantly improves performance and unblocks new use cases. To join the origin trial, see <a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://developer.chrome.com/origintrials/%23/view_trial/3378825620434714625&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1632322938025000&usg=AOvVaw2QHjz5Bm-HjLWnHt1xaJH3">its entry on Chrome Origin Trials</a>. For more on access handlers, see the information we've added to <a href="https://web.dev/file-system-access/#accessing-storage-foundation-api-files-from-the-origin-private-file-system">The File System Access API: simplifying access to local files</a>.</p> <h4>Reduce User Agent String Information</h4> <p>Chrome is trying to <a href="https://blog.chromium.org/2021/09/user-agent-reduction-origin-trial-and-dates.html">reduce the amount of information the user agent string exposes</a> in HTTP requests as well as in <code>navigator.userAgent</code>, <code>navigator.appVersion</code>, and <code>navigator.platform</code>. The user agent string can be used for passive user fingerprinting. To join the origin trial, see <a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://developer.chrome.com/origintrials/%23/view_trial/-7123568710593282047&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1632322938025000&usg=AOvVaw207ZCzhuIHuw9cXAfgBMMn">its entry on Chrome Origin Trials</a>.</p> <h3>Completed Origin Trials</h3> <p>The following features, previously in a Chrome origin trial, are now enabled by default.</p> <h4>Secure Payment Confirmation</h4> <p><a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5702310124584960">Secure payment confirmation</a> augments the payment authentication experience on the web with the help of the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Authentication_API">Web Authentication API</a>. The feature adds a new 'payment' extension to that API, which allows a relying party such as a bank to opt-in to creating a <code><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/PublicKeyCredential">PublicKeyCredential</a></code> that can be queried by any merchant origin as part of an online checkout via the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Payment_Request_API">Payment Request API</a> using the <code>'secure-payment-confirmation'</code> payment method.</p> <p>This feature enables a consistent, low friction, strong authentication experience using platform authenticators. Strong authentication with the user's bank is becoming a requirement for online payments in many regions, including the European Union. The proposed feature provides a better user experience and stronger security than existing solutions.</p> <h4>WebAssembly Exception Handling</h4> <p>WebAssembly <a href="https://developer.chrome.com/origintrials/#/view_trial/2393663201947418625">now provides exception handling</a> support. Exception handling allows code to break control flow when an exception is thrown. The exception can be any that is known by the WebAssembly module, or it may be an unknown exception that was thrown by a called imported function. </p> <h2>Other Features in this Release</h2> <h3>Adding droppedEntriesCount to PerformanceObserver Callback</h3> <p>Currently, web developers can call <code><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/PerformanceObserver/observe">PerformanceObserver.observe()</a></code> with the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/PerformanceObserver/observe#parameters">buffered option</a> to listen to past and future performance entries about their site. Unfortunately, past entries need to be stored, and there is a buffer size limit. The <code>droppedEntriesCount</code> parameter helps developers know if they may have lost an entry due to storage being full. </p> <p><a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5320666234486784">The <code>droppedEntriesCount</code> property</a> is one of the options specified as the third parameter of the callback passed in the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/PerformanceObserver/PerformanceObserver"><code>PerformanceObserver</code> constructor</a>. It provides the number of entries dropped due to the buffer being full. </p> <h3>EyeDropper API</h3> <p><a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/6304275594477568">The EyeDropper API</a> provides a browser-supplied eyedropper for the construction of custom color pickers. Creative applications built for the web could benefit from an ability to sample a color from pixels on the screen. Many OS applications, PowerPoint for example, have this ability but are unable to carry it over to their web equivalents.<br /> <br /> Even though some browsers have eyedropper capability built into <code><input type=color></code> elements, web applications are limited in their ability to integrate this into their custom color pickers since the eyedropper is generally accessible only through the non-customizable popup triggered by the <code><input></code> element.</p> <h3>New UA platform Version Source on Windows for User Agent Client Hints</h3> <p>Chrome has updated the value <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5080939765956608">provided by the <code>Sec-CH-UA-Platform-Version</code> on Windows</a> to provide a reasonable level of fidelity to allow sites to identify meaningful Windows platform changes. This enables sites to deliver appropriate binary executables and help content specific to a particular operating system version. The current user agent string and existing <code>Sec-CH-UA-Platform-Version</code> implementation provides the major and minor version Windows components. However, as of Windows 10, Windows generally doesn't increase either of these numbers across significant releases. Notably, Windows 11 does not increase either of these numbers. You can find a table of value mappings to Windows releases in the <a href="https://github.com/WICG/ua-client-hints/commit/5c1be8772eaf3b823c3c07d6baa6d7348a77627d">UA Client Hints' repo issue 220</a>.</p> <h3>self.reportError()</h3> <p>This function, available in windows and workers, <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5634523220934656">allows developers to report errors</a> to the console and any global "error" event handlers in the same way as an uncaught JavaScript exception. It is mainly useful for custom event-dispatching or callback-manipulating libraries.<br /> This allows library developers to report exceptions in the same way the browser does, which is useful when they need custom control over running the callback. </p> <h3>URLPattern</h3> <p><a href="https://web.dev/urlpattern/">URLPattern</a> is a new web API that provides operating system support for matching URLs given a pattern string. It can be used in JavaScript directly or by passing patterns to other web platform APIs such as, for example, as a service worker scope. Both web platform features and JavaScript applications often need to match against URLs. Examples include, service worker scopes on the web platform and URL routing in JavaScript frameworks. Past web platform features have individually created their own URL matching mechanisms. JavaScript has relied on libraries such as path-to-regexp.</p> <h2>Deprecations, and Removals</h2> <p>This version of Chrome introduces the deprecations and removals listed below. Visit ChromeStatus.com for lists of <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/features#browsers.chrome.status%3A%22Deprecated%22">current deprecations</a> and <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/features#browsers.chrome.status:%22Removed%22">previous removals</a>.</p> <h3>FTP Support Removed</h3> <p>Chrome is <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/6246151319715840">removing support for FTP URLs</a>. Use of FTP in the browser is sufficiently low that it is no longer viable to invest in improving the existing FTP client. In addition, more capable FTP clients are available on all affected platforms.<br /> <br /> Google Chrome 72 and later removed support for fetching document subresources over FTP and rendering of top level FTP resources. Currently navigating to FTP URLs results in showing a directory listing or a download depending on the type of resource. A bug in Google Chrome 74 and later resulted in dropping support for accessing FTP URLs over HTTP proxies. Proxy support for FTP was removed entirely in Google Chrome 76. In Chrome 86 FTP support was turned off for pre-release channels (Canary and Beta) and experimentally turned off for one percent of stable users, though it could be reenabled via the command line. In Chrome 87 it was turned off for fifty percent of users but could also be enabled through the command line. Since Chrome 88, it was only available through a deprecation trial and is now disabled.</p> <h3>Support for URLs with non-IPv4 Hostnames Ending in Numbers</h3> <p>Most hostnames that aren't valid IPv4 addresses, but end in numbers are treated as valid, and looked up via DNS (for example, <code>http://foo.127.1/</code>). Per the Public Suffix List spec, the eTLD+1 of the hostname in that URL should be <code>127.1</code>. If that is ever fed back into a URL, <code>http://127.1/</code> is mapped to <code>http://127.0.0.1/</code> by the URL spec, which seems potentially dangerous. <code>127.0.0.0.1</code> could also potentially be used to confuse users. <a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5679790780579840">URLs with these hostnames are now rejected</a>.</p> <h3>WebAssembly Cross-Origin Module Sharing</h3> <p><a href="https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5650158039597056">Chrome now deprecates sharing WebAssembly modules</a> between cross-origin, but same-site environments to <a href="https://developer.chrome.com/blog/wasm-module-sharing-restricted-to-same-origin/">allow agent clusters to be scoped to origins long term</a>. </p> <h3>Deprecate U2F API (Cryptotoken)</h3> <p>Chrome's legacy U2F API for interacting with security keys is deprecated and beginning a deprecation trial in Chrome 95 wherein the API remains enabled by default, but the trial token will disable the key for participating sites. U2F security keys themselves are not deprecated and will continue to work.</p> <p>Affected sites should migrate to the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Authentication_API">Web Authentication API</a>. Credentials that were originally registered via the U2F API can be challenged via web authentication. USB security keys that are supported by the U2F API are also supported by the Web Authentication API.</p> <p>U2F is Chrome's original security key API. It allows sites to register public key credentials on USB security keys and challenge them for building phishing-resistant two-factor authentication systems. U2F never became an open web standard and was subsumed by the Web Authentication API (launched in Chrome 67). Chrome never directly supported the FIDO U2F JavaScript API, but rather shipped a component extension called cryptotoken, which exposes an equivalent <code>chrome.runtime.sendMessage()</code> method. U2F and Cryptotoken are firmly in maintenance mode and have encouraged sites to migrate to the Web Authentication API for the last two years.</p> <p>The following timeline is currently planned for deprecation and removal:</p> <h4>Chrome 93</h4> <p>Stable as of August 31, 2021. Support added for the googleLegacyAppIdSupport extension.</p> <h4>Chrome 95</h4> <p>Beta as of September 23, 2021. The following changes were implemented:</p> <ul> <li>Gated U2F API requests behind a user permission prompt.</li> <li>Logged a deprecation notice in the DevTools console for every request.</li> </ul> <h4>Chrome 98</h4> <p>Beta expected in early January 2022, stable in February. The deprecation trial will continue, but its behavior will reverse: the API will be disabled by default, but may be kept alive by trial participants.</p> <h4>Chrome 103</h4><div style="text-align: left;">Beta expected in late May 2022, stable in late June. The deprecation trial will end.</div><h4>Chrome 104</h4><div style="text-align: left;">Beta expected in late June 2022, stable in early August. The  U2F API will be fully removed.</div> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' data-href='http://twitter.com/share?text=Chromium Blog:Chrome 95 Beta: Secure Payment Confirmation, WebAssembly Exception Handling and More&url=https://blog.chromium.org/2021/09/chrome-95-beta-secure-payment.html&via=ChromiumDev'> <img alt='Share on Twitter' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_twitter_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> <span class='fb-custom social-wrapper' data-href='https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://blog.chromium.org/2021/09/chrome-95-beta-secure-payment.html'> <img alt='Share on Facebook' height='24' src='https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/2x/post_facebook_black_24dp.png' width='24'/> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='cmt_iframe_holder' data-href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/09/chrome-95-beta-secure-payment.html' data-viewtype='FILTERED_POSTMOD'></div> <a href='https://plus.google.com/112374322230920073195' rel='author' style='display:none;'> Google </a> <div class='label-footer'> <span class='labels-caption'> Labels: </span> <span class='labels'> <a class='label' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/beta' rel='tag'> beta </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class='post' data-id='6157306198116036384' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <h2 class='title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/09/user-agent-reduction-origin-trial-and-dates.html' itemprop='url' title='User-Agent Reduction Origin Trial and Dates'> User-Agent Reduction Origin Trial and Dates </a> </h2> <div class='post-header'> <div class='published'> <span class='publishdate' itemprop='datePublished'> Tuesday, September 14, 2021 </span> </div> </div> <div class='post-body'> <div class='post-content' itemprop='articleBody'> <script type='text/template'> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Back in May, we published </span><a href="https://blog.chromium.org/2021/05/update-on-user-agent-string-reduction.html" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">an update on our User-Agent string reduction plans</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> with a promise to publish further details on timing. Now that we have an </span><a href="http://developers.chrome.com/blog/user-agent-reduction-origin-trial" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">origin trial ready for testing</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> the Reduced User-Agent header (and associated JS interfaces) we have estimated timelines to share. What follows is repeated from the original blog post, but contains estimated Chrome versions where these Phases will begin to help you prepare. </span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The </span><a href="https://chromiumdash.appspot.com/schedule" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chromium schedule dashboard</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> will be useful for understanding dates associated with each Chrome version and its progression from Canary into Beta and Stable Release.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Note: The usual disclaimers about estimating engineering deadlines apply—unforeseen circumstances may dictate delays. But in the case that we encounter delays, we do not intend to accelerate timelines between Phases.</span></p><br /><h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 16pt;"><span style="color: #434343; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Proposed Rollout Plan</span></h3><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">We plan to roll out these changes slowly and incrementally in 7 Phases—pending origin trial feedback.</span></p><br /><h4 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Reduction Preparation</span></h4><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Phase 1: </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Since Chrome 92 (July 20, 2021)</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Call to Action (CTA): </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Audit your site usage to understand where migration may be necessary.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Warn about accessing </span><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">navigator.userAgent</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">navigator.appVersion</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, and </span><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">navigator.platform</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> in DevTools, beginning in M92.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Phase 2: </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chrome 95 to Chrome 100</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">CTA: </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Enroll in the <span style="font-size: 14.6667px;">origin trial</span> for your site, and provide feedback until Chrome 101 is released.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Launch an <span style="font-size: 14.6667px;">origin trial</span> for sites to opt into the final reduced UA string for testing and feedback, for at least 6 months. </span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">We will evaluate feedback from <span style="font-size: 14.6667px;">origin trial</span> partners and the community, and based on this feedback proceed to Phases 3 through 7 of our plan, giving the ecosystem adequate time to adapt in between them. Otherwise, depending on feedback we will reconsider the best course of action.</span></p><br /><h4 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Reduction Rollout</span></h4><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Phase 3: </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chrome 100</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">CTA: </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Enroll in the deprecation trial or Enterprise policy for your site, when needed.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Launch deprecation trial and Enterprise policy, for instances where a site may need more time for migration.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Phase 4: </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chrome 101</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">CTA: </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ensure your site is compatible with the reduced Chrome version number, and </span><a href="https://web.dev/migrate-to-ua-ch/" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">migrate to UA Client Hints</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> if not.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ship reduced Chrome MINOR.BUILD.PATCH version numbers (“0.0.0”). Once rolled-out, the reduced UA string would apply to all page loads on desktop and mobile operating systems for sites that do not opt into the deprecation trial.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Phase 5: </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chrome 107</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">CTA: </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ensure your site is compatible with the reduced Desktop UA string and related JS APIs, and </span><a href="https://web.dev/migrate-to-ua-ch/" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">migrate to UA Client Hints</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> if not.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Begin roll-out of reduced Desktop UA string and related JS APIs (</span><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">navigator.userAgent</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">navigator.appVersion</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">navigator.platform</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">). Once rolled-out, the reduced UA string would apply to all page loads on desktop <span style="font-size: 14.6667px;">operating systems</span> for sites that do not opt into the <span style="font-size: 14.6667px;">deprecation trial</span>.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Phase 6: </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chrome 110</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">CTA: </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ensure your site is compatible with the reduced Mobile UA string and related JS APIs, and </span><a href="https://web.dev/migrate-to-ua-ch/" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">migrate to UA Client Hints</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> if not.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Begin roll-out of reduced Android Mobile (and Tablet) UA string and related JS APIs. Once rolled-out, the reduced UA string would apply to all page loads on Android that do not opt into the <span style="font-size: 14.6667px;">deprecation trial</span>.</span></p><br /><h4 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Reduction Completion</span></h4><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Phase 7: </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chrome 113</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Deprecation trial ends and all page loads receive the reduced UA string and related JS APIs.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">See the companion </span><a href="https://www.chromium.org/updates/ua-reduction" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Reduced User Agent string updates page</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> for more details and example User Agent strings at each of these phases. We will note any significant delays or changes on this page as well.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></p><div class="post-body" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; width: 660px;"><div class="post-content post-original" itemprop="articleBody" style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 32px; margin: 25px 0px 36px;"><span class="post-author" color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54)" style="font-size: 14px;">Posted by Mike Taylor and Jade Kessler, Chrome Team</span></div></div> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </script> <noscript> <p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Back in May, we published </span><a href="https://blog.chromium.org/2021/05/update-on-user-agent-string-reduction.html" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">an update on our User-Agent string reduction plans</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> with a promise to publish further details on timing. Now that we have an </span><a href="http://developers.chrome.com/blog/user-agent-reduction-origin-trial" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">origin trial ready for testing</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> the Reduced User-Agent header (and associated JS interfaces) we have estimated timelines to share. What follows is repeated from the original blog post, but contains estimated Chrome versions where these Phases will begin to help you prepare. </span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The </span><a href="https://chromiumdash.appspot.com/schedule" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chromium schedule dashboard</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> will be useful for understanding dates associated with each Chrome version and its progression from Canary into Beta and Stable Release.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Note: The usual disclaimers about estimating engineering deadlines apply—unforeseen circumstances may dictate delays. But in the case that we encounter delays, we do not intend to accelerate timelines between Phases.</span></p><br /><h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 16pt;"><span style="color: #434343; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Proposed Rollout Plan</span></h3><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">We plan to roll out these changes slowly and incrementally in 7 Phases—pending origin trial feedback.</span></p><br /><h4 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Reduction Preparation</span></h4><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Phase 1: </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Since Chrome 92 (July 20, 2021)</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Call to Action (CTA): </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Audit your site usage to understand where migration may be necessary.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Warn about accessing </span><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">navigator.userAgent</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">navigator.appVersion</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, and </span><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">navigator.platform</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> in DevTools, beginning in M92.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Phase 2: </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chrome 95 to Chrome 100</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">CTA: </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Enroll in the <span style="font-size: 14.6667px;">origin trial</span> for your site, and provide feedback until Chrome 101 is released.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Launch an <span style="font-size: 14.6667px;">origin trial</span> for sites to opt into the final reduced UA string for testing and feedback, for at least 6 months. </span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">We will evaluate feedback from <span style="font-size: 14.6667px;">origin trial</span> partners and the community, and based on this feedback proceed to Phases 3 through 7 of our plan, giving the ecosystem adequate time to adapt in between them. Otherwise, depending on feedback we will reconsider the best course of action.</span></p><br /><h4 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Reduction Rollout</span></h4><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Phase 3: </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chrome 100</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">CTA: </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Enroll in the deprecation trial or Enterprise policy for your site, when needed.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Launch deprecation trial and Enterprise policy, for instances where a site may need more time for migration.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Phase 4: </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chrome 101</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">CTA: </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ensure your site is compatible with the reduced Chrome version number, and </span><a href="https://web.dev/migrate-to-ua-ch/" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">migrate to UA Client Hints</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> if not.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ship reduced Chrome MINOR.BUILD.PATCH version numbers (“0.0.0”). Once rolled-out, the reduced UA string would apply to all page loads on desktop and mobile operating systems for sites that do not opt into the deprecation trial.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Phase 5: </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chrome 107</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">CTA: </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ensure your site is compatible with the reduced Desktop UA string and related JS APIs, and </span><a href="https://web.dev/migrate-to-ua-ch/" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">migrate to UA Client Hints</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> if not.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Begin roll-out of reduced Desktop UA string and related JS APIs (</span><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">navigator.userAgent</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">navigator.appVersion</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, </span><span style="font-family: courier; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">navigator.platform</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">). Once rolled-out, the reduced UA string would apply to all page loads on desktop <span style="font-size: 14.6667px;">operating systems</span> for sites that do not opt into the <span style="font-size: 14.6667px;">deprecation trial</span>.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Phase 6: </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chrome 110</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">CTA: </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ensure your site is compatible with the reduced Mobile UA string and related JS APIs, and </span><a href="https://web.dev/migrate-to-ua-ch/" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">migrate to UA Client Hints</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> if not.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Begin roll-out of reduced Android Mobile (and Tablet) UA string and related JS APIs. Once rolled-out, the reduced UA string would apply to all page loads on Android that do not opt into the <span style="font-size: 14.6667px;">deprecation trial</span>.</span></p><br /><h4 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Reduction Completion</span></h4><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Phase 7: </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chrome 113</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Deprecation trial ends and all page loads receive the reduced UA string and related JS APIs.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">See the companion </span><a href="https://www.chromium.org/updates/ua-reduction" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Reduced User Agent string updates page</span></a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> for more details and example User Agent strings at each of these phases. We will note any significant delays or changes on this page as well.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></p><div class="post-body" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; width: 660px;"><div class="post-content post-original" itemprop="articleBody" style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 32px; margin: 25px 0px 36px;"><span class="post-author" color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54)" style="font-size: 14px;">Posted by Mike Taylor and Jade Kessler, Chrome Team</span></div></div> <span itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://plus.google.com/116899029375914044550' itemprop='url'/> </span> </noscript> </div> </div> <div class='share'> <span class='twitter-custom social-wrapper' 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</a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/form%20controls'> form controls </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/frameworks'> frameworks </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/fugu'> fugu </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/fund'> fund </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/funding'> funding </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/gdd'> gdd </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/google%20earth'> google earth </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/google%20event'> google event </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 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dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/images'> images </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/incognito'> incognito </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/insecure%20forms'> insecure forms </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/intent%20to%20explain'> intent to explain </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/ios'> ios </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/ios%20Chrome'> ios Chrome </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/issue%20tracker'> issue tracker </a> <span dir='ltr'> 3 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/jank'> jank </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/javascript'> javascript </a> <span dir='ltr'> 5 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/lab%20data'> lab data </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/labelling'> labelling </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/largest%20contentful%20paint'> largest contentful paint </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/launch'> launch </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/lazy-loading'> lazy-loading </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/lighthouse'> lighthouse </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/linux'> linux </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/Lite%20Mode'> Lite Mode </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/Lite%20pages'> Lite pages </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/loading%20interventions'> loading interventions </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/loading%20optimizations'> loading optimizations </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/lock%20icon'> lock icon </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/long-tail'> long-tail </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/mac'> mac </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/manifest%20v3'> manifest v3 </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/metrics'> metrics </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/microsoft%20edge'> microsoft edge </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/mixed%20forms'> mixed forms </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/mobile'> mobile </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/na'> na </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/native%20client'> native client </a> <span dir='ltr'> 8 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/native%20file%20system'> native file system </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/New%20Features'> New Features </a> <span dir='ltr'> 5 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/notifications'> notifications </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/octane'> octane </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/open%20web'> open web </a> <span dir='ltr'> 4 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/origin%20trials'> origin trials </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/pagespeed%20insights'> pagespeed insights </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/pagespeedinsights'> pagespeedinsights </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/passwords'> passwords </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/payment%20handler'> payment handler </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/payment%20request'> payment request </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/payments'> payments </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/performance'> performance </a> <span dir='ltr'> 20 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/performance%20tools'> performance tools </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/permission%20UI'> permission UI </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/permissions'> permissions </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/play%20store'> play store </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/portals'> portals </a> <span dir='ltr'> 3 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/prefetching'> prefetching </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/privacy'> privacy </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/privacy%20sandbox'> privacy sandbox </a> <span dir='ltr'> 4 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/private%20prefetch%20proxy'> private prefetch proxy </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/profile%20guided%20optimization'> profile guided optimization </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/progressive%20web%20apps'> progressive web apps </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/Project%20Strobe'> Project Strobe </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/protection'> protection </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/pwa'> pwa </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/QUIC'> QUIC </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/quieter%20permissions'> quieter permissions </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/releases'> releases </a> <span dir='ltr'> 3 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/removals'> removals </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/rlz'> rlz </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/root%20program'> root program </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/safe%20browsing'> safe browsing </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/Secure%20DNS'> Secure DNS </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/security'> security </a> <span dir='ltr'> 36 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/site%20isolation'> site isolation </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/slow%20loading'> slow loading </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/sms%20receiver'> sms receiver </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/spam%20policy'> spam policy </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/spdy'> spdy </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/spectre'> spectre </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/speed'> speed </a> <span dir='ltr'> 4 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/ssl'> ssl </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/store%20listing'> store listing </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/strobe'> strobe </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/subscription%20pages'> subscription pages </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/suspicious%20site%20reporter%20extension'> suspicious site reporter extension </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/TCP'> TCP </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/the%20fast%20and%20the%20curious'> the fast and the curious </a> <span dir='ltr'> 23 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/TLS'> TLS </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/tools'> tools </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/tracing'> tracing </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/transparency'> transparency </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/trusted%20web%20activities'> trusted web activities </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/twa'> twa </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/user%20agent%20string'> user agent string </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/user%20data%20policy'> user data policy </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/v8'> v8 </a> <span dir='ltr'> 6 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/video'> video </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/wasm'> wasm </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web'> web </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web%20apps'> web apps </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web%20assembly'> web assembly </a> <span dir='ltr'> 2 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web%20developers'> web developers </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web%20intents'> web intents </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web%20packaging'> web packaging </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web%20payments'> web payments </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web%20platform'> web platform </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web%20request%20api'> web request api </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web%20vitals'> web vitals </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web.dev'> web.dev </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/web.dev%20live'> web.dev live </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/webapi'> webapi </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/webassembly'> webassembly </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/webaudio'> webaudio </a> <span dir='ltr'> 3 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/webgl'> webgl </a> <span dir='ltr'> 7 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/webkit'> webkit </a> <span dir='ltr'> 5 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/WebM'> WebM </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/webmaster'> webmaster </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/webp'> webp </a> <span dir='ltr'> 5 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/webrtc'> webrtc </a> <span dir='ltr'> 6 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/websockets'> websockets </a> <span dir='ltr'> 5 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/webtiming'> webtiming </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/writable-files'> writable-files </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> <li> <a dir='ltr' href='https://blog.chromium.org/search/label/yerba%20beuna%20center%20for%20the%20arts'> yerba beuna center for the arts </a> <span dir='ltr'> 1 </span> </li> </ul> <div class='clear'></div> </div> </div><div class='widget BlogArchive' data-version='1' id='BlogArchive1'> <div class='tab'> <i class='material-icons icon'>  </i> <h2> Archive </h2> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </div> <div class='widget-content'> <div id='ArchiveList'> <div id='BlogArchive1_ArchiveList'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2024/'> 2024 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2024/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2024/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2024/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2024/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2024/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2024/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2023/'> 2023 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2023/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2023/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2023/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2023/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2023/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2023/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2023/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2023/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2022/'> 2022 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2022/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2022/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2022/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2022/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2022/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2022/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2022/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2022/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2022/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate expanded'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy toggle-open'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/'> 2021 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate expanded'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2021/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/'> 2020 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> 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class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2020/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul 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</i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/'> 2018 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2018/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/'> 2017 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2017/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2016/'> 2016 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2016/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2016/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2016/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2016/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2016/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2016/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2016/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2016/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2016/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2016/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2016/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2015/'> 2015 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2015/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2015/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2015/10/'> Oct </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2015/09/'> Sep </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2015/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2015/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2015/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li 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href='https://blog.chromium.org/2012/08/'> Aug </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2012/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2012/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2012/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2012/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2012/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2012/02/'> Feb </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2012/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2011/'> 2011 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> 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class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2011/07/'> Jul </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2011/06/'> Jun </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2011/05/'> May </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2011/04/'> Apr </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2011/03/'> Mar </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> 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class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2010/01/'> Jan </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class='intervalToggle'> <span class='new-toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <i class='material-icons arrow'>  </i> </span> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)' style='display: none'> <span class='zippy'> <i class='material-icons'>  </i>   </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2009/'> 2009 </a> </div> <div class='items'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2009/12/'> Dec </a> </div> <div class='items'> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <div class=''> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://blog.chromium.org/2009/11/'> Nov </a> </div> <div class='items'> 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