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id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Santo_Domingo_(1586)&params=18.4732_N_69.88171_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">18°28′24″N</span> <span class="longitude">69°52′54″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">18.47320°N 69.88171°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">18.47320; -69.88171</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Early battle in the Anglo-Spanish War</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Santo Domingo (1586)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1585%E2%80%931604)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)">Anglo–Spanish War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boazio-Sir_Francis_Drake_in_Santo_Domingo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Boazio-Sir_Francis_Drake_in_Santo_Domingo.jpg/300px-Boazio-Sir_Francis_Drake_in_Santo_Domingo.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Boazio-Sir_Francis_Drake_in_Santo_Domingo.jpg/450px-Boazio-Sir_Francis_Drake_in_Santo_Domingo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Boazio-Sir_Francis_Drake_in_Santo_Domingo.jpg/600px-Boazio-Sir_Francis_Drake_in_Santo_Domingo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6506" data-file-height="4999" /></a></span><br /><i>Sir Francis Drake in Santo Domingo 1585</i>, hand-colored engraving, by <a href="/wiki/Baptista_Boazio" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptista Boazio">Baptista Boazio</a>, 1589</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>1 January 1586</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a><br />(Present day <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>)</div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Santo_Domingo_(1586)&params=18.4732_N_69.88171_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">18°28′24″N</span> <span class="longitude">69°52′54″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">18.47320°N 69.88171°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">18.47320; -69.88171</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> English victory<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cross_of_Burgundy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Spain</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> England</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crist%C3%B3bal_de_Ovalle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cristóbal de Ovalle (page does not exist)">Cristóbal de Ovalle</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Carleill" title="Christopher Carleill">Christopher Carleill</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 1,400 soldiers and militia<br />100 cavalry<br /> 30 diverse warships, 1 <a href="/wiki/Galley" title="Galley">galley</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 23 ships<br />2,300 soldiers & sailors<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 200 killed, wounded or captured,<br />1 galley sunk,<br />20 ships burned,<br />3 ships captured<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated8_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 20 casualties<br />3 ships scuttled<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated7_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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expedition of 1572–1573">Drake's 1572-73 expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake%27s_circumnavigation" title="Francis Drake's circumnavigation">Drake's circumnavigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_S%C3%A3o_Vicente" title="Battle of São Vicente">São Vicente</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Santo Domingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cartagena_de_Indias_(1586)" title="Battle of Cartagena de Indias (1586)">Cartagena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_St._Augustine" title="Raid on St. Augustine">St. Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cavendish%27s_circumnavigation" title="Thomas Cavendish's circumnavigation">Cavendish's circumnavigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watts%27_West_Indies_and_Virginia_expedition" title="Watts' West Indies and Virginia expedition">Spanish West Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Western_Cuba" title="Blockade of Western Cuba">Havana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport%27s_1592_expedition" title="Newport's 1592 expedition">Hispaniola <b>·</b> Bay of Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Puerto_Caballos_(1594)" title="Raid on Puerto Caballos (1594)">1st Puerto Caballos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_San_Mateo_Bay" title="Action of San Mateo Bay">San Mateo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Recife_(1595)" title="Capture of Recife (1595)">Recife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh%27s_El_Dorado_expedition" title="Raleigh's El Dorado expedition">Trinidad <b>·</b> Orinoco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston%E2%80%93Somers_expedition" title="Preston–Somers expedition">La Guaira <b>·</b> Caracas <b>·</b> Coro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guadalupe_Island_(1595)" title="Battle of Guadalupe Island (1595)">Guadalupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_(1595)" title="Battle of San Juan (1595)">1st San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drake%27s_Assault_on_Panama" title="Drake's Assault on Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pinos" title="Battle of Pinos">Pinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_(1598)" title="Battle of San Juan (1598)">2nd San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Tabasco_(1599)" title="Raid on Tabasco (1599)">Tabasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Portobello_(1601)" title="Capture of Portobello (1601)">Portobello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Puerto_Caballos_(1603)" title="Battle of Puerto Caballos (1603)">2nd Puerto Caballos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Santiago_de_Cuba_(1603)" title="Raid on Santiago de Cuba (1603)">Santiago de Cuba</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Atlantic</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vila_Franca_do_Campo" title="Battle of Vila Franca do Campo">Vila Franca do Campo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Azores" title="Conquest of the Azores">Terceira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_expedition_(1585)" title="Newfoundland expedition (1585)">Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_off_Bermuda_(1585)" title="Action off Bermuda (1585)">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Santiago_(1585)" title="Capture of Santiago (1585)">Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azores_Voyage_of_1589" title="Azores Voyage of 1589">1st Azores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Flores_(1591)" title="Battle of Flores (1591)">1st Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Flores_(1592)" title="Battle of Flores (1592)">2nd Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_Faial" title="Action of Faial">Faial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Las_Palmas" title="Battle of Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_Voyage" title="Islands Voyage">2nd Azores</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>European waters</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Scheldt_(1574)" title="Battle of the Scheldt (1574)">Scheldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pantelleria_(1586)" title="Battle of Pantelleria (1586)">Pantelleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singeing_the_King_of_Spain%27s_Beard" title="Singeing the King of Spain's Beard">1st Cádiz <b>·</b>Algarve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada" title="Spanish Armada">Spanish Armada (1st Calais <b>·</b> Gravelines)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Armada" title="English Armada">English Armada (Corunna <b>·</b> Lisbon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bayona_Islands_(1590)" title="Battle of Bayona Islands (1590)">Bayona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Strait_of_Gibraltar_(1590)" title="Battle of the Strait of Gibraltar (1590)">1st Gibraltar Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Strait_of_Gibraltar_(1591)" title="Battle of the Strait of Gibraltar (1591)">2nd Gibraltar Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Berlengas_(1591)" title="Battle of the Berlengas (1591)">Berlengas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Gulf_of_Almer%C3%ADa_(1591)" title="Battle of the Gulf of Almería (1591)">Gulf of Almería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Barbary_Coast" title="Battle of the Barbary Coast">Barbary Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bay_of_Biscay_(1592)" title="Battle of the Bay of Biscay (1592)">Bay of Biscay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Mount%27s_Bay" title="Raid on Mount's Bay">Mount's Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Cawsand" title="Attack on Cawsand">Cawsand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Capture of Cádiz">2nd Cádiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Spanish_Armada" title="2nd Spanish Armada">Cape Finisterre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Spanish_Armada" title="3rd Spanish Armada">Cornwall <b>·</b> West Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sesimbra_Bay" title="Battle of Sesimbra Bay">Sesimbra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Narrow_Seas" title="Battle of the Narrow Seas">Dover Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Gulf_of_Cadiz_(1604)" title="Battle of the Gulf of Cadiz (1604)">Gulf of Cádiz</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Low Countries and Germany</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mons_(1572)" title="Siege of Mons (1572)">Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_of_Goes" title="Relief of Goes">Goes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Middelburg_(1572%E2%80%931574)" title="Siege of Middelburg (1572–1574)">Middelburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Haarlem" title="Siege of Haarlem">Haarlem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Geertruidenberg_(1573)" title="Capture of Geertruidenberg (1573)">1st Geertruidenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leiden" title="Siege of Leiden">Leiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Delft_(1573)" title="Battle of Delft (1573)">Delft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Valkenburg_(1574)" title="Capture of Valkenburg (1574)">Valkenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Schoonhoven_(1575)" title="Siege of Schoonhoven (1575)">Schoonhoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gembloux_(1578)" title="Battle of Gembloux (1578)">Gembloux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rijmenam_(1578)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Rijmenam (1578)">Rijmenam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borgerhout" title="Battle of Borgerhout">Borgerhout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Fury_at_Mechelen" title="English Fury at Mechelen">Mechelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Steenwijk_(1580%E2%80%931581)" title="Siege of Steenwijk (1580–1581)">1st Steenwijk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kollum" title="Battle of Kollum">Kollum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Noordhorn" title="Battle of Noordhorn">Noordhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Niezijl" title="Siege of Niezijl">Niezijl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lochem_(1582)" title="Siege of Lochem (1582)">Lochem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lier_(1582)" title="Siege of Lier (1582)">Lier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Eindhoven_(1583)" title="Siege of Eindhoven (1583)">Eindhoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Steenbergen_(1583)" title="Battle of Steenbergen (1583)">Steenbergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Aalst_(1584)" title="Capture of Aalst (1584)">Aalst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Antwerp" title="Fall of Antwerp">Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_IJsseloord" title="Siege of IJsseloord">Arnhem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Grave_(1586)" title="Siege of Grave (1586)">1st Grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Venlo_(1586)" title="Siege of Venlo (1586)">Venlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Axel" title="Capture of Axel">Axel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rheinberg_(1586%E2%80%931590)" title="Siege of Rheinberg (1586–1590)">1st Rheinberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zutphen" title="Battle of Zutphen">1st Zutphen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sluis_(1587)" title="Siege of Sluis (1587)">1st Sluis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bergen_op_Zoom_(1588)" title="Siege of Bergen op Zoom (1588)">Bergen op Zoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Geertruidenberg_(1589)" title="Capture of Geertruidenberg (1589)">2nd Geertruidenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Breda_(1590)" title="Capture of Breda (1590)">Breda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zutphen_(1591)" title="Siege of Zutphen (1591)">2nd Zutphen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Deventer_(1591)" title="Siege of Deventer (1591)">Deventer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Delfzijl" title="Capture of Delfzijl">Delfzijl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Knodsenburg" title="Siege of Knodsenburg">Knodsenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hulst_(1591)" title="Siege of Hulst (1591)">1st Hulst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Nijmegen_(1591)" title="Siege of Nijmegen (1591)">Nijmegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Steenwijk_(1592)" title="Siege of Steenwijk (1592)">2nd Steenwijk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Coevorden_(1592)" title="Siege of Coevorden (1592)">1st Coevorden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Geertruidenberg_(1593)" title="Siege of Geertruidenberg (1593)">3rd Geertruidenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Coevorden_(1593)" title="Siege of Coevorden (1593)">2nd Coevorden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Groningen_(1594)" title="Siege of Groningen (1594)">Groningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Huy_(1595)" title="Siege of Huy (1595)">Huy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Groenlo_(1595)" title="Siege of Groenlo (1595)">1st Groenlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Lippe" title="Battle of the Lippe">Lippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hulst_(1596)" title="Siege of Hulst (1596)">2nd Hulst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Turnhout_(1597)" title="Battle of Turnhout (1597)">Turnhout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rheinberg_(1597)" title="Siege of Rheinberg (1597)">2nd Rheinberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Meurs_(1597)" title="Siege of Meurs (1597)">Meurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Groenlo_(1597)" title="Siege of Groenlo (1597)">2nd Groenlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bredevoort_(1597)" title="Siege of Bredevoort (1597)">Bredevoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Enschede_(1597)" title="Capture of Enschede (1597)">Enschede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Ootmarsum" title="Capture of Ootmarsum">Ootmarsum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Oldenzaal_(1597)" title="Siege of Oldenzaal (1597)">Oldenzaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lingen_(1597)" title="Siege of Lingen (1597)">Lingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Schenckenschans_(1599)" title="Siege of Schenckenschans (1599)">Schenckenschans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zaltbommel" title="Siege of Zaltbommel">Zaltbommel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rees_(1599)" title="Siege of Rees (1599)">Rees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_San_Andreas_(1600)" title="Siege of San Andreas (1600)">San Andreas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nieuwpoort" title="Battle of Nieuwpoort">Nieuwpoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rheinberg_(1601)" title="Siege of Rheinberg (1601)">3rd Rheinberg <b>·</b> 2nd Meurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ostend" title="Siege of Ostend">Ostend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_%27s-Hertogenbosch_(1601)" title="Siege of 's-Hertogenbosch (1601)">'s-Hertogenbosch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Grave_(1602)" title="Siege of Grave (1602)">2nd Grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutiny_of_Hoogstraten#Mutiny_&_siege" title="Mutiny of Hoogstraten">Hoogstraten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sluis_(1604)" title="Siege of Sluis (1604)">Ardenburg <b>·</b> Oostberg <b>·</b> 2nd Sluis</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>France</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arques" title="Battle of Arques">Arques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ivry" title="Battle of Ivry">Ivry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Paris_(1590)" title="Siege of Paris (1590)">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ch%C3%A2teau-Laudran" title="Battle of Château-Laudran">Château-Laudran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rouen_(1591%E2%80%931592)" title="Siege of Rouen (1591–1592)">Rouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Caudebec" title="Siege of Caudebec">Caudebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Craon" title="Battle of Craon">Craon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blaye" title="Battle of Blaye">Blaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Morlaix_(1594)" title="Siege of Morlaix (1594)">Morlaix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Crozon" title="Siege of Fort Crozon">Crozon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Calais_(1596)" title="Siege of Calais (1596)">2nd Calais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Amiens_(1597)" title="Siege of Amiens (1597)">Amiens</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Ireland</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Carrigafoyle_Castle" title="Siege of Carrigafoyle Castle">Carrigafoyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Smerwick" title="Siege of Smerwick">Smerwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada_in_Ireland" title="Spanish Armada in Ireland">Irish West Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Spanish_Armada" title="4th Spanish Armada">Southern Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kinsale" title="Siege of Kinsale">Kinsale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castlehaven" title="Battle of Castlehaven">Castlehaven</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Santo Domingo (1586)</b> or the <b>Capture of Santo Domingo</b> was a military and naval action fought on 1 January 1586, of the recently declared <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1585%E2%80%931604)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)">Anglo-Spanish War</a> that resulted in the assault and capture by English soldiers and sailors of the Spanish city of Santo Domingo governed by Cristóbal de Ovalle on the Spanish island of <a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a>. The English were led by <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a> and was part of his <i>Great Expedition</i> to raid the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Spanish New World</a> in a kind of <a href="/wiki/Preemptive_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Preemptive strike">preemptive strike</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: BC">: BC </span></sup> The English soldiers then occupied the city for over a month and captured much booty along with a 25,000 ducat ransom before departing on 1 February.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Santo_Domingo_(1586)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>War had already been unofficially declared by <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nonsuch" title="Treaty of Nonsuch">Treaty of Nonsuch</a> in which <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a> had offered her support to the rebellious <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Revolt">Dutch rebels</a>. The Queen through <a href="/wiki/Francis_Walsingham" title="Francis Walsingham">Francis Walsingham</a> ordered Sir Francis Drake to lead an expedition to attack the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Spanish New World</a> in a kind of <a href="/wiki/Preemptive_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Preemptive strike">preemptive strike</a>. Sailing from <a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a>, England, he first attacked <a href="/wiki/Vigo" title="Vigo">Vigo</a> in Spain and held the place for two weeks ransoming supplies, after which he <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Santiago_(1585)" title="Capture of Santiago (1585)">struck at Santiago</a> in November 1585 in the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a> Islands plundering the place, then sailed for the Americas.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hispaniola_Vinckeboons4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Hispaniola_Vinckeboons4.jpg/220px-Hispaniola_Vinckeboons4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Hispaniola_Vinckeboons4.jpg/330px-Hispaniola_Vinckeboons4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Hispaniola_Vinckeboons4.jpg/440px-Hispaniola_Vinckeboons4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8594" data-file-height="6055" /></a><figcaption>The island of Hispaniola</figcaption></figure> <p>Drake arrived in the Caribbean in December at the uninhabited island of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts">Saint Kitts</a>, where he landed his sick and sought supplies. Whilst there he sent a small reconnaissance squadron to the Spanish city of Santo Domingo on the island of Hispaniola.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Santo Domingo was the capital of Spain's New World Empire and it was fortified on its landward side by a city wall built in the early 1500s known as the <a href="/wiki/Fortaleza_Ozama" title="Fortaleza Ozama">Fortaleza Ozama</a> in which stood the Torre de Homenaje (tower of Homage). The governor, Cristóbal de Ovalle, was well provided with artillery batteries covering both land and sea and had nearly 1,500 men, of which 100 were cavalry. The naval defenses of the city consisted of one galley and although it was largely unseaworthy was still capable of posing a threat.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 29">: 29 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated7_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 35">: 35 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English_arrival">English arrival</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Santo_Domingo_(1586)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: English arrival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As Drake sailed westwards he encountered his reconnaissance squadron, who told him that Santo Domingo looked too formidable to assault from the sea, but that they had found a good landing beach at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Haina_River" title="Haina River">Haina River</a> about ten miles further to the west.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Drake had the fortune of knowing that surprise would be on his side since the Spanish had no idea the English fleet was in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 47">: 47 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated8_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 187">: 187 </span></sup> </p><p>Just after midnight on 1 January 1586 Drake arrived off the <a href="/wiki/Bajos_de_Haina" title="Bajos de Haina">Bajos de Haina</a>, and Carleill and his soldiers landed on the beach which wasn't guarded. The path through the jungle that led towards the city was also defenseless and the English advanced forward.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated8_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 188">: 188 </span></sup> The main fleet under Drake meanwhile sailed ten miles along the coast to Santo Domingo. The Spanish soon saw the threat; troops were mustered, work began on building earthworks to defend the shore, whilst many of the townspeople began slipping out of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the mouth of the harbor, three ships were sunk to prevent any attempt to force the entrance but it was too late.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 29">: 29 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Santo_Domingo_(1586)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On New Years Day Drake's ships lay off the mouth of the harbor, just within artillery range and as English ships took up their stations, Drake ran out his guns and engaged the castle. The Spanish fire soon replied and one round shot hit the <i><a href="/wiki/English_ship_Bonaventure_(1567)" title="English ship Bonaventure (1567)">Elizabeth Bonaventure</a></i>, but most of the balls fell short. Drake ordered his ships in closer, and soon they began firing at the castle and the earthworks and this got the Spanish distracted as he had hoped.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 30">: 30 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assault">Assault</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Santo_Domingo_(1586)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Assault"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Carleill and 800 soldiers approached the city through the jungle, and by noon they were in sight of Santo Domingo. Drake then sent men in boats to make a show of attempting a landing by way of a diversion. The Spanish in response sent horse, foot, and artillery which advanced out of the city from the two gates nearest the shore, with the intention of taking up a position facing the sea with the cavalry covering their right flank. Scarcely had they formed however Carleill and his men swept out of the jungle, formed up into two columns of 1,000 men with standards flying and music playing appearing on the right flank of the Spanish.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 35">: 35 </span></sup> </p><p>Cristobal de Ovalle, seeing that he would be cut off from the town, took up a new position covering the town gates, whilst his cavalry threatened the English flank and rear under cover of a herd of cattle. Carleill however placed his pikemen and musketeers on every side, so that the Spanish were driven back and the cattle simply ran into the jungle. With both columns still advancing they received the fire of the Spanish guns at very close quarters.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 49">: 49 </span></sup> An ambuscade of Spanish musketeers beside the road had no better success as these were quickly driven back by English fire. Within half an hour, the landing party had reached the western walls of Santo Domingo, and the majority of the Spanish troops and militia were in flight.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Musketeer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An English musketeer at the time of the assault"><img alt="An English musketeer at the time of the assault" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Musketeer.jpg/175px-Musketeer.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Musketeer.jpg/263px-Musketeer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Musketeer.jpg/350px-Musketeer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1696" data-file-height="2416" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An English musketeer at the time of the assault</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carleill.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christopher Carleill who commanded the English troops"><img alt="Christopher Carleill who commanded the English troops" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Carleill.jpg/175px-Carleill.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Carleill.jpg/263px-Carleill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Carleill.jpg/350px-Carleill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Christopher Carleill who commanded the English troops</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capture">Capture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Santo_Domingo_(1586)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Capture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The western defenses were pierced by two gates: the Lenba (the main gate) and a secondary one, closer to the beach. By this stage there were scarcely 300 Spaniards left, most of which had no firearms. Carleill ordered Sergeant-Major Powell to assault the secondary gate with a storming party, while the lieutenant-general led the rest of his men towards the Lenba.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 50">: 50 </span></sup> Both English columns broke into a run and charged at the push of pike. Following a mingled, fierce, hand-to-hand fight, the Spanish were swept on through both gates and then melted away, after which neither column met with any serious opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated8_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 188">: 188 </span></sup> The stormers did not stop until the two English columns met in the Plaza.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated7_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 37">: 37 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The English were now inside the town and began hunting the Spanish troops through the streets, heading towards the Fortaleza Ozama, the main defense of Santo Domingo; if this fell then Santo Domingo would fall. A small group of Spanish troops held out behind its walls, while the remainder of the city was captured without any opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated0_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cristóbal de Ovalle fled the battle and left his wife behind, who became Drake's principal hostage.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated8_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 189">: 189 </span></sup> The fortress held out until nightfall still under bombardment by the English on land and sea, but under cover of darkness the remaining garrison slipped away by boat, and by dawn the English flag was flying over the Torre de Homenaje in the middle of the Fortaleza Ozama.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 50">: 50 </span></sup> The English secured their positions, the battle was over and Santo Domingo was now in their hands.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 31">: 31 </span></sup> The assault had cost Carleill only seven killed and around twenty wounded, and given the lack of serious resistance the Spanish losses were around the same although they had nearly 200 men captured.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated8_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 188">: 188 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated7_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 37">: 37 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occupation">Occupation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Santo_Domingo_(1586)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Drake ordered his men to repair the city's defenses, in case of a Spanish counter-attack. The harbor was also secured and ships of which there were over twenty were taken or burnt. The English sailors and soldiers then went on a looting spree; churches were singled out, ornaments were stolen, statues and windows smashed, religious tapestries ripped down, and altars desecrated. Then public buildings were looted and from private homes the English took what they could. While plenty of goods were captured, including food, wine, and tobacco, only 16,000 gold ducats were recovered from the Audencia's treasury.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 51">: 51 </span></sup> The cathedral however was saved from destruction as it was where Drake set up his headquarters and prayers and <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">psalms</a> were sung and said in thanks to God for their victory.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ransom">Ransom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Santo_Domingo_(1586)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ransom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Drake knew the Spanish would be willing to negotiate a ransom, in return for the saving of their town and the lives of his prisoners.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 51">: 51 </span></sup> On 12 January the head of the city judiciary, Juan Malarejo, approached Drake and negotiations began. Drake demanded a huge figure of one million ducats which the Governor declared himself wholly unable to pay. Malarejo procrastinated and as talks continued Drake ordered civic buildings and churches to be put to the torch, one after the other.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated7_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 40">: 40 </span></sup> Applying extra pressure on Malarejo; Drakes men began demolishing the city's imposing stone buildings, which exhausted the English sailors due to the intense labor.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 51">: 51 </span></sup> </p><p>The next Spanish negotiator was García Fernández de Torrequemada, the royal factor on Hispaniola but Malarejo overruled him, being much more stubborn. So Drake set fire to more buildings and threatened to destroy his own headquarters the oldest church in the whole of the Americas but eventually Malarejo offered a ransom of 25,000 ducats.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated8_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 188">: 188 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated7_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 40">: 40 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Payment">Payment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Santo_Domingo_(1586)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Payment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Finally the deal was agreed, and Drake promised to spare what remained of the town and sail away from it if the ransom was paid promptly.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Drake sent a delegation to the Spanish camp with a message with a black boy freed from slavery who had recently joined the English. The Spanish however thinking this as an insult stabbed and killed him which infuriated Drake so much that he had many Spaniards deliberately executed until the murderer was found dead or alive.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated7_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 39">: 39 </span></sup> The Spanish complied and brought the man to justice by hanging him in front of the city. The ransom was finally paid during the last days of January.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 51">: 51 </span></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 305px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fortaleza_Ozama_CCSD_11_2018_4374.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Homage Tower at Fortaleza Ozama"><img alt="The Homage Tower at Fortaleza Ozama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Fortaleza_Ozama_CCSD_11_2018_4374.jpg/219px-Fortaleza_Ozama_CCSD_11_2018_4374.jpg" decoding="async" width="219" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Fortaleza_Ozama_CCSD_11_2018_4374.jpg/329px-Fortaleza_Ozama_CCSD_11_2018_4374.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Fortaleza_Ozama_CCSD_11_2018_4374.jpg/438px-Fortaleza_Ozama_CCSD_11_2018_4374.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Homage Tower at <a href="/wiki/Fortaleza_Ozama" title="Fortaleza Ozama">Fortaleza Ozama</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 305px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Catedral_Primada_SD_01_2018_7934.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cathedral of Santa María la Menor at Santo Domingo; Drake used it as his headquarters during the occupation"><img alt="Cathedral of Santa María la Menor at Santo Domingo; Drake used it as his headquarters during the occupation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Catedral_Primada_SD_01_2018_7934.jpg/263px-Catedral_Primada_SD_01_2018_7934.jpg" decoding="async" width="263" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Catedral_Primada_SD_01_2018_7934.jpg/395px-Catedral_Primada_SD_01_2018_7934.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Catedral_Primada_SD_01_2018_7934.jpg/525px-Catedral_Primada_SD_01_2018_7934.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_la_Menor" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Santa María la Menor">Cathedral of Santa María la Menor</a> at Santo Domingo; Drake used it as his headquarters during the occupation</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Santo_Domingo_(1586)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sfdrake42.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sfdrake42.jpg/155px-Sfdrake42.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sfdrake42.jpg/233px-Sfdrake42.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Sfdrake42.jpg/310px-Sfdrake42.jpg 2x" data-file-width="419" data-file-height="417" /></a><figcaption>Portrait miniature of Sir Francis Drake painted in 1581</figcaption></figure> <p>On 1 February the English sailed away from Santo Domingo, having occupied the city for exactly a month. Upwards of 20 ships in the harbor were burned or sunk, the galley had been torched and three vessels were commandeered by Drake to replace three of his ships; <i>Hope</i>, <i>Benjamin</i>, and <i>Scout</i> that had to be abandoned as unseaworthy. One of the largest ships that was captured was a 600-ton armed merchant which the English renamed the <i>New Years Gift</i>. Two hundred and forty guns and quantities of merchandise were moved into the holds of the English ships, their ranks recruited from scores of liberated galley-slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated8_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 188">: 188 </span></sup> A third of Santo Domingo itself lay in ruins and when the Spanish slowly returned they found all of its civic, military, and religious buildings had been destroyed. García Fernández de Torrequemada summed up the mood of the population in his report to the King: </p><p><i>This thing must have had divine sanction, as punishment for the people's sins.</i><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated8_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 190">: 190 </span></sup> </p><p>As Drake left and headed south, news of his attack spread from Santo Domingo to other cities on the Spanish Main, warning that the English were likely to descend on them.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated7_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 41">: 41 </span></sup> Rumors soon spread to Europe and the Spanish got many conflicting reports of what happened. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_V" title="Pope Sixtus V">Pope Sixtus V</a> commented about Drakes action: </p><p><i>God only knows what he may succeed in doing.</i><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 52">: 52 </span></sup> </p><p>For Santo Domingo it would take many decades to recover from Drake's onslaught. For the Spanish it was major disaster, in particular a blow to prestige and for the English a huge morale boost both in England and on board the fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated7_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 41">: 41 </span></sup> Drake's next target was the city of <a href="/wiki/Cartagena_de_Indias" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartagena de Indias">Cartagena de Indias</a> on the mainland of <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Granada" title="New Kingdom of Granada">New Granada</a>. Drake <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cartagena_de_Indias_(1586)" title="Battle of Cartagena de Indias (1586)">attacked and captured the place</a> giving it the same rough treatment as Santo Domingo; here the city was better defended and the ransom was more lucrative.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 53">: 53 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Santo_Domingo_(1586)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cartagena_de_Indias_(1586)" title="Battle of Cartagena de Indias (1586)">Battle of Cartagena de Indias (1586)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_St._Augustine" title="Raid on St. Augustine">Raid on St. Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_(1595)" title="Battle of San Juan (1595)">Battle of San Juan (1595)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Santo_Domingo_(1655)" title="Siege of Santo Domingo (1655)">Siege of Santo Domingo (1655)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Santo_Domingo_(1586)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Santo_Domingo_(1586)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joy Paige, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vsoqfXeuTVwC&pg=PA78"><i>Sir Francis Drake: Circumnavigator of the Globe and Privateer for Queen Elizabeth</i></a>. Library of Explorers and Exploration. Rosen Publishing Group. 2002. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8239-3630-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8239-3630-4"><bdi>978-0-8239-3630-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sir+Francis+Drake%3A+Circumnavigator+of+the+Globe+and+Privateer+for+Queen+Elizabeth&rft.series=Library+of+Explorers+and+Exploration&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Rosen+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8239-3630-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvsoqfXeuTVwC%26pg%3DPA78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Santo+Domingo+%281586%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated6-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated6_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated6_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated6_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated6_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated6_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tucker p. 54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Konstam p. 41–53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated0_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marley p.73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated4-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated4_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated4_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated4_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated4_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated4_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Keeler p. 29–33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated8-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated8_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated8_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated8_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated8_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated8_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated8_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated8_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated8_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated8_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sugden p. 186–190</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated7-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated7_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated7_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated7_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated7_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated7_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated7_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated7_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated7_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated7_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Corbett pg. 35–41 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/drakeandtudorna00corbgoog">Drake and the Tudor Navy: With a History of the Rise of England as a Maritime Power, Volume 2 </a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/rarebook/catalog/drake/drake-6-caribraid.html">"Kraus, Hans. <i>Sir Francis Drake: A Pictorial Biography</i>, 1970"</a>. Loc.gov. 13 October 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kraus%2C+Hans.+Sir+Francis+Drake%3A+A+Pictorial+Biography%2C+1970&rft.pub=Loc.gov&rft.date=2005-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Frr%2Frarebook%2Fcatalog%2Fdrake%2Fdrake-6-caribraid.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Santo+Domingo+%281586%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated5-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated5_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated5_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated5_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated5_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bradford, Ernie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nj_h72-6DKEC&dq=drake+cartagena&pg=PT97"><i>Drake: England's Greatest Seafarer</i></a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Santo_Domingo_(1586)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBicheno,_Hugh2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Bicheno" title="Hugh Bicheno">Bicheno, Hugh</a> (2012). <i>Elizabeth's Sea Dogs: How England's Mariners Became the Scourge of the Seas</i>. Conway. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84486-174-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84486-174-3"><bdi>978-1-84486-174-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elizabeth%27s+Sea+Dogs%3A+How+England%27s+Mariners+Became+the+Scourge+of+the+Seas&rft.pub=Conway&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-84486-174-3&rft.au=Bicheno%2C+Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Santo+Domingo+%281586%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBradley2000" class="citation book cs1">Bradley, Peter T (2000). <i>British Maritime Enterprise in the New World: From the Late 15th to the Mid-18th Century</i>. Edwin Mellen Press Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7734-7866-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7734-7866-4"><bdi>978-0-7734-7866-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Maritime+Enterprise+in+the+New+World%3A+From+the+Late+15th+to+the+Mid-18th+Century&rft.pub=Edwin+Mellen+Press+Ltd&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7734-7866-4&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=Peter+T&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Santo+Domingo+%281586%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKelsey2012" class="citation book cs1">Kelsey, Harry (2012). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sirfrancisdrakeq00kels"><i>Sir Francis Drake: The Queen's Pirate</i></a></span>. Yale University Press; 1st Ed. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-07182-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-07182-5"><bdi>978-0-300-07182-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sir+Francis+Drake%3A+The+Queen%27s+Pirate&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press%3B+1st+Ed&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-300-07182-5&rft.aulast=Kelsey&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsirfrancisdrakeq00kels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Santo+Domingo+%281586%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKonstam,_Angus2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Angus_Konstam" title="Angus Konstam">Konstam, Angus</a> (2000). <i>Elizabethan Sea Dogs 1560–1605 (Elite)</i>. Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-015-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-015-5"><bdi>978-1-84176-015-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elizabethan+Sea+Dogs+1560%E2%80%931605+%28Elite%29&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-84176-015-5&rft.au=Konstam%2C+Angus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Santo+Domingo+%281586%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJaques2006" class="citation book cs1">Jaques, Tony (2006). <i>Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8500 Battles from Antiquity Through the Twenty-first Century</i>. Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33536-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33536-5"><bdi>978-0-313-33536-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Battles+and+Sieges%3A+A+Guide+to+8500+Battles+from+Antiquity+Through+the+Twenty-first+Century&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33536-5&rft.aulast=Jaques&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Santo+Domingo+%281586%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarley2005" class="citation book cs1">Marley, David (2005). <i>Historic Cities of the Americas: An Illustrated Encyclopaedia</i>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57607-027-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-57607-027-1"><bdi>1-57607-027-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historic+Cities+of+the+Americas%3A+An+Illustrated+Encyclopaedia&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-57607-027-1&rft.aulast=Marley&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Santo+Domingo+%281586%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarley2008" class="citation book cs1">Marley, David (2008). <i>Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere</i>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-100-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-100-8"><bdi>978-1-59884-100-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wars+of+the+Americas%3A+A+Chronology+of+Armed+Conflict+in+the+Western+Hemisphere&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-100-8&rft.aulast=Marley&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Santo+Domingo+%281586%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSugden2004" class="citation book cs1">Sugden, John (2004). <i>Sir Francis Drake</i>. Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84413-762-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84413-762-6"><bdi>978-1-84413-762-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sir+Francis+Drake&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-84413-762-6&rft.aulast=Sugden&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Santo+Domingo+%281586%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKonstam,_Angus2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Angus_Konstam" title="Angus Konstam">Konstam, Angus</a> (2011). <i>The Great Expedition: Sir Francis Drake on the Spanish Main - 1585-86 (Raid)</i>. Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84908-245-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84908-245-7"><bdi>978-1-84908-245-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Expedition%3A+Sir+Francis+Drake+on+the+Spanish+Main+-+1585-86+%28Raid%29&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84908-245-7&rft.au=Konstam%2C+Angus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Santo+Domingo+%281586%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGraham,_Winston1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Graham" title="Winston Graham">Graham, Winston</a> (1987). <i>Spanish Armadas</i>. Barnes & Noble. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88029-168-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88029-168-2"><bdi>978-0-88029-168-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spanish+Armadas&rft.pub=Barnes+%26+Noble&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-88029-168-2&rft.au=Graham%2C+Winston&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Santo+Domingo+%281586%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTucker,_Spencer2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Spencer_C._Tucker" title="Spencer C. Tucker">Tucker, Spencer</a> (2012). <i>Almanac of American Military History</i>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-530-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-530-3"><bdi>978-1-59884-530-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Almanac+of+American+Military+History&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-530-3&rft.au=Tucker%2C+Spencer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Santo+Domingo+%281586%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Santo_Domingo_(1586)&oldid=1228861790">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Santo_Domingo_(1586)&oldid=1228861790</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_history_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Category:Military history of the Dominican Republic">Military history of the Dominican Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_West_Indies" title="Category:Spanish West Indies">Spanish West Indies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_campaigns_involving_England" title="Category:Military campaigns involving England">Military campaigns involving England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_expeditions" title="Category:Military expeditions">Military expeditions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1586" title="Category:Conflicts in 1586">Conflicts in 1586</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_raids" title="Category:Military raids">Military raids</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="Category:History of the Royal Navy">History of the Royal Navy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_the_Anglo-Spanish_War_(1585%E2%80%931604)" title="Category:Battles of the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)">Battles of the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:16th-century_military_history_of_the_Kingdom_of_England" title="Category:16th-century military history of the Kingdom of England">16th-century military history of the Kingdom of England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:16th_century_in_the_Caribbean" title="Category:16th century in the Caribbean">16th century in the Caribbean</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1586_in_the_Caribbean" title="Category:1586 in the Caribbean">1586 in the Caribbean</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1586_in_the_Spanish_Empire" title="Category:1586 in the Spanish Empire">1586 in the Spanish Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1586_in_the_British_Empire" title="Category:1586 in the British Empire">1586 in the British Empire</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_February_2017" title="Category:Use dmy dates from February 2017">Use dmy dates from February 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 June 2024, at 16:19<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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