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<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html class="page_article article_glossaire composition_glossaire ltr en no-js" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <base href="https://www.concurrences.com/"> <script type='text/javascript'>/*<![CDATA[*/(function(H){H.className=H.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/,'js')})(document.documentElement);/*]]>*/</script> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Concurrent jurisdiction - Concurrences</title> <meta name="description" content="Concurrent jurisdiction exists where two or more courts from different systems simultaneously have jurisdiction over a specific case. 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competition policy. They may be called upon to apply Article 101 and/or 102 TFEU to a variety of scenarios: (i) some courts have jurisdiction over lawsuits between private parties, such as actions relating to contracts or actions for damages; (ii) some act as public enforcers (e.g. in Finland, Ireland and Sweden); (iii) and some act as review courts, hearing appeals which are brought against decisions of the national competition authorities. Regulation 1/2003 gave national courts a wider role to enforce Articles 101 and 102 TFEU in full. Moreover, if national courts apply national competition law, they also have to apply EU competition law where there is an effect on trade between Member States.</p> <p>See the section on "Actions for Damages: Steps towards a European legal framework" to learn more about the work of the Commission regarding private enforcement of competition law.</p> <p><strong>Cooperation with the Commission</strong> : The Commission is committed to assisting national courts Articles 101 and 102 TFEU in order to ensure the coherent application of those provisions throughout the EU. This builds on the mutual duty of loyal cooperation provided for by Article 4(3) Treaty on European Union (TEU). Details of this cooperation are set out in the Notice on cooperation with courts of the EU Member States in the application of [Articles 101 and 102 TFEU], building on Article 15 of Council Regulation 1/2003. The Commission amended the Notice in 2015 in order to align the rules applicable to the disclosure of documents in the Commission’s file with the rules of the Directive on Antitrust Damages Actions. See also Consolidated versions of the Notice Article 15 of Regulation 1/2003 expressly provides for the most frequent means of cooperation. The Commission can: (i) transmit information in its possession or of procedural information (Article 15(1)); (ii) give its opinion on questions regarding the application of the EU competition rules (Article 15(1)); and (iii) the Commission (and national competition authorities) can submit observations to national courts as amicus curiae (Article 15(3)). Furthermore, under Article 15(2), national courts are obliged to submit to the Commission a copy of any written judgment where Article 101 or Article 102 of the Treaty has been applied (Article 15(2)). The Commission also operates a grants programme dedicated to the training of national judges in EU competition law and judicial cooperation between national judges.</p> <p><strong>Requests for information or opinion vs. preliminary rulings (Article 267 TFEU)</strong> : The right of a national court to ask the Commission for an opinion pursuant to Article 15(1) of Regulation 1/2003 does not prejudice to the possibility or the obligation of the national court to ask the Court of Justice for a preliminary ruling under Article 267 TFEU. The authoritative interpretation of EU law by the Court of Justice is binding on the national court, in contrast to the non-binding character of Commission opinions. A preliminary ruling by the Court of Justice concerns the interpretation of the law of the European Union and the validity of acts of secondary legislation, whereas a national court may ask the Commission for its opinion pursuant to Article 15(1) of Regulation 1/2003 on economic, factual and legal matters. <strong>©</strong> <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/competition/court/antitrust.html" class="spip_out" rel="external"><strong>European Commission</strong></a></p></div> </div> </div> <aside class="section__aside side-col"></aside> </div> </section> <section class="section section_primary section_cols section_references scrollable-anchor"> <div class="section__container"> <div class="section__main"> <section class="subsection subsection_jurisprudence related-section related-jurisprudence scrollable-anchor"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="related-jurisprudence"> <span id="references">Case Comments</span> </h2> <div class="liste articles articles-related"> <div class="liste-items"> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1yVjRxW9uyhvoads3lfJF1MbXjTjuxYe4mbKwe4AQTK51bLtCKlqPQpFbfZJ5MrXzreo4dLuLQej40JB+iYBtzFVJ7HIoJ57XjeTRen3UTslOkqmXuWSDGPtSdH5Tt8nE76dLJYcVf2rAQba1Xbw3awkWyUSiWCiiUduCN0Tf4sDehbGMctqMovuvSUW8B58VOC+sdDLTUxLFiQiXC4X8f6kME8MpGUws9vC7sCYp7bXjHNGCXtprbccokZt1yu/odq+AavVmA8eMAXmuiSmznl4508KpQaPZOAlvtGSyOGgLpybnJGkj7gWP4N1xZg0NZyhIiSwesHdWZPX52LOnooGFHcIrpp1/b73DQ==' data-origin="//en/dictionary/concurrent-jurisdiction"> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/laura-lehoczky-deckers">Laura Lehoczky-Deckers</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/giovanni-pregno">Giovanni Pregno</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/andreas-reindl">Andreas Reindl</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/april-2024/the-german-federal-court-of-justice-upholds-the-competition-authority-s-finding" rel="bookmark">The German Federal Court of Justice upholds the Competition Authority’s finding that a Big Tech company has paramount significance for competition across markets, thereby confirming the application of national competition law in parallel with the Digital Markets Act <em>(Amazon)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-04-22T22:00:00Z">23 April 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-118676 introduction entry-content"> <p>On 23 April 2024, the German Federal Court of Justice (“FCJ”) confirmed the German Federal Cartel Office’s (“FCO”) finding that Amazon.com, Inc. (“Amazon”) has paramount significance for competition across markets – pursuant to Section 19a (1) of the German Act against Restraints of Competition (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/christophe-lemaire">Christophe Lemaire</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/ilana-petit">Ilana Petit</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2024/chroniques/reject-the-french-competition-authority-adopts-its-fourth-decision-rejecting-a" rel="bookmark"><strong>Dismissal</strong> : The French Competition Authority adopts its fourth decision rejecting a complaint for lack of priority <em>(Système U / Carrefour)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2024-03-17T23:00:00Z">18 March 2024</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-120156 introduction entry-content"> <p>Order no. 2021-649 of May 26, 2021 transposed Directive 2019/1, known as "ECN+", into French law. The second paragraph of Article L. 462-8 C. com. now allows the French Competition Authority [hereinafter, the "Authority"] to reject referrals made by companies "when it does not consider them a (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-michel-vertut">Jean-Michel Vertut</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2023/alertes/jurisdiction-the-french-supreme-court-approves-the-paris-court-of-appeal-s" rel="bookmark"><strong>Jurisdiction</strong>: The French Supreme Court approves the Paris Court of Appeal’s ruling recognizing the jurisdiction of the French courts in a dispute concerning the brutal termination of an established commercial relationship between a French plaintiff and a defendant located outside the European Union <em>(Eurofood / Tnuva Alternative)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2023-04-12T22:00:00Z">13 April 2023</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-112985 introduction entry-content"> <p>Facts. A French company had been granted exclusive distribution of its products in the EU and Switzerland by an Israeli company. The Israeli company terminated the contract on the grounds that the distributor had failed to meet its targets. The distributor sued the Israeli company before the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-michel-vertut">Jean-Michel Vertut</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2022/alertes/111402" rel="bookmark"><strong>International jurisdiction</strong> : The Court of Justice of the European Union rules that the Minister’s action for abusive practices with evidences obtained by means of his specific investigation powers does not fall within the scope of civil and commercial matters within the meaning of EU Regulation 1215/2012 (Brussels I bis), for the determination of the jurisdiction <em>(Eurelec Trading ; Scabel)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-12-21T23:00:00Z">22 December 2022</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-111402 introduction entry-content"> <p>Facts and procedure. It will be recalled that in a press release dated July 22, 2019 (Press release n° 1354) B. Le Maire and A. Pannier-Runacher announced a summons before the Commercial Court of Paris against four entities of the E. Leclerc movement (Eurelec Trading, Scabel, Galec and ACDLEC) (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/rais-amils">Rais Amils</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/ana-pares">Ana Parés</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/june-2022/the-commercial-court-of-valencia-rejects-automobile-manufacturer-s-declinatory" rel="bookmark">The Commercial Court of Valencia rejects automobile manufacturer’s declinatory action on the territorial jurisdiction of the court <em>(Peugeot Espana)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-06-07T22:00:00Z">8 June 2022</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-116216 introduction entry-content"> <p>This article accompanies the "Compendium of Antitrust Damages Actions - 2nd Edition - Developed by the International Chamber of Commerce" and published by Concurrences. Click here to access the book. Brief summary of facts <br class='autobr' /> The plaintiffs have initiated an ordinary lawsuit against PEUGEOT (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/andreas-reindl">Andreas Reindl</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/margot-vogels">Margot Vogels</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2022/the-eu-court-of-justice-preliminarily-rules-that-the-ne-bis-in-idem-principle" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice preliminarily rules that the <em>ne bis in idem</em> principle provides limited protection against sanctions following investigations of the same infringements of competition law <em>(bpost) (Nordzucker)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-03-21T23:00:00Z">22 March 2022</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-107729 introduction entry-content"> <p>On 22 March 2022, the European Court of Justice (the “ECJ”) handed down two judgments highlighting that the European Union’s ne bis in idem principle – the equivalent to the protection against double jeopardy – provides only limited protection in competition law proceedings where the same (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/pedro-callol">Pedro Callol</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2022/the-eu-court-of-justice-rules-that-the-ne-bis-in-idem-principle-provides" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice rules that the <em>ne bis in idem</em> principle provides limited protection when different Member State jurisdictions investigate the same infringement <em>(Bpost) (Nordzucker)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-03-21T23:00:00Z">22 March 2022</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-109778 introduction entry-content"> <p>In the Bpost case, two national authorities fined Bpost €2.3 million for applying a rebate system that discriminated against some of Bpost’s clients; second, the Belgian Competition Authority fined 37.4 million for abuse of dominant position because of the same rebate system. <br class='autobr' /> According to the (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Patrick-Harrison">Patrick Harrison</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/monika-zdzieborska">Monika Zdzieborska</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/bethany-wise">Bethany Wise</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/march-2022/the-eu-court-of-justice-clarifies-the-scope-of-protection-afforded-by-the" rel="bookmark">The EU Court of Justice clarifies the scope of protection afforded by the principle of ne bis in idem when different Member State jurisdictions investigate the same infringement <em>(Bpost) (Nordzucker)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-03-21T23:00:00Z">22 March 2022</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-113788 introduction entry-content"> <p>This article has been nominated for the 2023 Antitrust Writing Awards. Click here to learn more about the Antitrust Writing Awards. <br class='autobr' /> On 22 March 2022, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) issued judgments in Cases C-117/20 bpost ( bpost ) and C-151/20 Nordzucker and Others ( (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/laura-lehoczky-deckers">Laura Lehoczky-Deckers</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2022/the-hungarian-government-withdraws-veto-over-acquisition-of-a-national-insurer" rel="bookmark">The Hungarian Government withdraws veto over acquisition of a national insurer by an Austrian rival <em>(AGEON / Vienna Insurance Group)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-02-20T23:00:00Z">21 February 2022</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-107735 introduction entry-content"> <p>Hungary has withdrawn a 2021 veto against the acquisition of AGEON’s Hungarian subsidiary by Vienna Insurance Group AG (“VIG”). The veto was issued by the Ministry of the Interior under national emergency FDI legislation introduced to address the COVID-19 pandemic while the European Commission’s (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/catherine-gordley">Catherine Gordley</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/marc-freedman-120519">Marc Freedman</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2022/the-eu-commission-along-with-the-german-and-uk-competition-authorities-clears" rel="bookmark">The EU Commission, along with the German and UK Competition Authorities clears the acquisition of a provider of customer relationship management software by a Big Tech company <em>(Meta / Kustomer)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-02-10T23:00:00Z">11 February 2022</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-105660 introduction entry-content"> <p>On 27 January 2022, the Commission conditionally cleared Meta’s (formerly Facebook) acquisition of Kustomer, a small, innovative customer relationship manager (“CRM”) software creator. In a parallel process, the German Federal Cartel Office (“FCO”) cleared the same transaction with regard to (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-michel-vertut">Jean-Michel Vertut</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2022/alertes/sudden-breach-jurisdiction-the-paris-tribunal-of-commerce-declines-its" rel="bookmark">Sudden breach – Jurisdiction: The Paris tribunal of commerce declines its jurisdiction in a dispute between a French plaintiff and an Israeli defendant concerning a sudden breach of commercial relationship (<em>Eurofood / Tnuva Alternative</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-09-29T22:00:00Z">30 September 2021</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-105549 introduction entry-content"> <p>Cet article a fait l’objet d’une première publication dans la Lettre de la distribution publiée par le Centre du Droit de l’Entreprise de l’Université de Montpellier. <br class='autobr' /> Faits. Une société française s’était vu concéder la distribution exclusive de ses produits dans l’Union Européenne et en (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-michel-vertut">Jean-Michel Vertut</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2021/alertes/sudden-break-of-established-business-relationships-the-paris-court-of-appeal" rel="bookmark">Sudden break of established business relationships: The Paris Court of Appeal precludes the french law in a dispute for sudden break of business relationship in an international context (<em>Ibis El Greco / Fram et Plein Vent</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-06-01T22:00:00Z">2 June 2021</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-102654 introduction entry-content"> <p>Cet article a fait l’objet d’une première publication dans la Lettre de la distribution publiée par le Centre du Droit de l’Entreprise de l’Université de Montpellier. <br class='autobr' /> Faits. Deux sociétés françaises du secteur de l’organisation de voyages touristiques et implantées en France sont liées par un (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jean-michel-vertut">Jean-Michel Vertut</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2021/alertes/advantages-without-counterpart-the-paris-court-of-appeal-condemns-a-french" rel="bookmark"><strong>Advantages without counterpart:</strong> The Paris Court of Appeal condemns a French distributor for obtaining unfair advantages from a foreign supplier (<em>Conforama France / Industria Conciaria Volturno, High Point Real Estate</em>)</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-03-29T22:00:00Z">30 March 2021</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-101357 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Paris Court of Appeal condemns a French distributor for obtaining unfair advantages from a foreign supplier, and considers that the expiry of a foreclosure period for challenge invoices for services shall not a loss of the right to bring a legal action* <br class='autobr' /> Facts <br class='autobr' /> An American company was a (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/lesley-hannah">Lesley Hannah</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/february-2021/the-uk-competition-appeal-tribunal-provides-guidance-for-post-brexit-permission" rel="bookmark">The UK Competition Appeal Tribunal provides guidance for post-Brexit permission to serve out of the jurisdiction applications and confirms that damages occasioned by anti-competitive conduct will not be narrowly construed <em>(Epic Games / Apple / Google)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-02-21T23:00:00Z">22 February 2021</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-99739 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Tribunal issued its combined permission to serve out of the jurisdiction judgment in Epic Games v Apple (the Apple Claim) and Epic Games v Google (the Google Claim) on 22 February 2021, declining permission for service on Apple Inc. and granting permission for service for a subset of Epic’s (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jose-rivas">José Rivas</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/candela-sotes-macaya">Candela Sotés Macaya</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/bulletin/news-issues/january-2021/the-eu-general-court-registers-a-complaint-by-a-major-digital-platform-against" rel="bookmark">The EU General Court registers a complaint by a major digital platform against the Commission for allowing a parallel investigation by the Italian Competition Authority to continue while there is already an ongoing European Economic Area investigation <em>(Amazon)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-01-18T23:00:00Z">19 January 2021</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-99981 introduction entry-content"> <p>This article has been nominated for the 2022 Antitrust Writing Awards. Click here to learn more about the Antitrust Writing Awards. <br class='autobr' /> 1. The revolution of digital platforms <br class='autobr' /> Digital platforms have burst onto the market in recent years. There is no doubt that their ability to offer a large (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="pagination more"><a id='pagination_articles_related' class='pagination_ancre'></a> <ul class="pager"> <li class="next"><a href='//en/dictionary/concurrent-jurisdiction?debut_articles_related=15#pagination_articles_related' class='lien_pagination more' rel='next'>More…</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="subsection subsection_articles related-section related-articles scrollable-anchor"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="related-articles"> <span>Articles</span> </h2> <div class="liste articles articles-related"> <div class="liste-items"> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1yXTRhKtp6jRgLddn+dLPLDMq9T1ycyWIYU8PNOhzCizXbvSpPhxDd37RAIpctIKyfDF99jEFhk/wfAsfv9RnvxiDGzdK1gInBB9T7gyyDXpBKffctgItEFSlJql8mZgYMogL9Y/X/otfRvxkJUidD9/sodP2LGtc6ZyJFhikcRpkyB1LzFOMiIFigH6f7UNSEY6lFwK95lRC7CFCy/XQSCnlupe+8bqnB9hYVB5HZ1atCc2pSal5WBy2eQm3YTMqkjDJo5e+A+x1K1Vqt5N+UhPUFywHWFjsfYr56JSylhwh1EldYis9uma8TBhHgsG6TfM3j2VQofUPhJrxVqFEafJIXHpMrc=' data-origin="//en/dictionary/concurrent-jurisdiction"> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/sandya-booluck">Sandya Booluck</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2022/international/south-africa-effectiveness-vs-procedural-fairness-in-competition-law-109099" rel="bookmark">South Africa: Effectiveness vs procedural fairness in competition law enforcement: Are procedural safeguards responsible for delayed justice?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2022-10-31T23:00:00Z">November 2022</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-109099 introduction entry-content"> <p>The safeguard of procedural fairness is an essential component of any competition law system. 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Fidder</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/till-schreiber">Till Schreiber</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2019/international/92007" rel="bookmark">Netherlands: Recent developments in cartel damages actions – A roadmap for effective compensation</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-10-31T23:00:00Z">November 2019</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-92007 introduction entry-content"> <p>Over the last decade, the Netherlands have become one of the preferred forums for private enforcement in the European Union. 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Fox</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2019/articles/antitrust-and-the-clash-of-sovereigns-bringing-under-one-roof-92045-en" rel="bookmark">Antitrust and the clash of sovereigns - Bringing under one roof: Extraterritoriality, industrial policy, foreign sovereign compulsion, and (bad) applications of law against “my country’s” firms</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-10-31T23:00:00Z">November 2019</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-92045 introduction entry-content"> <p>Article to be published in Douglas Ginsburg Liber Amicorum, N. Charbit and al. (eds.), Concurrences, 2020. <br class='autobr' /> When sovereign conflicts arise in the course of antitrust litigation, the traditional response is to retreat to “comity.” This article challenges the traditional response. It argues that (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurence-idot">Laurence Idot</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2017/articles/the-international-aspects-of-private-enforcement-after-the-directive-2014-104-83833" rel="bookmark">The international aspects of private enforcement after the Directive 2014/104/EU: Gaps in the EU system and competition between national laws?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2017</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-83833 introduction entry-content"> <p>Directive 2014/104, i.e. the ’Damages Directive’, is currently being transposed into national law. 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This article studies the present situation in European international private law. Whatever the topic (introduction of the action, recognition (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/emmanuelle-claudel">Emmanuelle Claudel</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2015/editorial/the-late-principle-of-procedural-autonomy" rel="bookmark">The late principle of procedural autonomy?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-12-31T23:00:00Z">January 2015</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-70954 introduction entry-content"> <p>Ensuring the consistency of procedural rules in competition law is presented as the major task for the coming years. The heterogeneity of national rules allowed by the principle of procedural autonomy is denounced as a source of disharmony. The principle of procedural autonomy, which is (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/elaine-ewing">Elaine Ewing</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/george-s-cary">George Cary</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-4-2014/Doctrines-1649/Divergence-then-and-now-What-does-69434" rel="bookmark">Divergence then and now: What does the U.S./EU experience tell us about convergence with MOFCOM?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-11-30T23:00:00Z">December 2014</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-69434 introduction entry-content"> <p>While the globalization of antitrust—something for which Chairman Kovacic deserves significant credit—has brought competitive markets to consumers worldwide, it has also given jurisdictions around the world significant influence over the conduct of increasingly global firms. In the merger (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/martine-behar-touchais">Martine Behar-Touchais</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2014/conferences/french-collective-redress-a-promising-or-a-too-limited-path-antitrust-damages" rel="bookmark">French collective redress: A promising or a (too) limited path? <em>(Antitrust damages actions in France and in Europe : Current situation and upcoming changements, Paris, 13 May 2014)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-08-31T22:00:00Z">September 2014</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-67551 introduction entry-content"> <p>The Hamon law created the French collective redress. This collective redress has an attractive future, because: First, it will avoid the risk of prescription of private follow on actions. Second, when the competitive fault is established in the decision of the ANC, the civil fault is (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurence-idot">Laurence Idot</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-3-2014/doctrines/International-dimension-of" rel="bookmark">International dimension of antitrust damages actions. The choice of law and court. Which possibilities ?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-08-31T22:00:00Z">September 2014</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-67553 introduction entry-content"> <p>Most of present damages action following Commission’s prohibition decisions of cartels have an international dimension. It raises the preliminary and essential issues of applicable law and choice of a national court. As these issues are not dealt with in the directive, it is necessary, in (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/apdc">APDC</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Daniel-K-Oakes">Daniel Oakes</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/david-bosco">David Bosco</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/fabien-zivy">Fabien Zivy</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jacques-steenbergen">Jacques Steenbergen</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/john-deq-briggs">John de Briggs</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-1-2014/dossier/zivy-s-report-diverse-perspectives-on-the-cross-borders-mergers" rel="bookmark">Zivy’s report : Diverse perspectives on the cross-borders mergers</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-01-31T23:00:00Z">February 2014</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-62587 introduction entry-content"> <p>In the Eurotunnel case, the analysis conducted in parallel by the French Competition Authority and the Competition Commission on the merger between Eurotunnel and SeaFrance’s assets, brought to divergent outcomes. This case gives the opportunity to discuss about the European approach to (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/carles-esteva-mosso">Carles Esteva Mosso</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/john-terzaken">John Terzaken</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurence-idot">Laurence Idot</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/maurice-stucke">Maurice Stucke</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/review/issues/no-2-2013/conferences/private-enforcement-will-the-wave-be-coming-from-brussels-london-paris-or" rel="bookmark">Private enforcement: Will the wave be coming from Brussels, London, Paris or... elsewhere? <em>(New Frontiers of Antitrust, Paris, 22 February 2013)</em></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2013-04-30T22:00:00Z">May 2013</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-51686 introduction entry-content"> <p>This third roundtable of the conference “New frontiers of Antitrust” (Paris, 22th of February 2013) was dedicated to "Private Enforcement, the wave does come from Brussels, London, Paris or elsewhere? ". In the first contribution, Laurence Idot, professor at the Paris II University, provides us (…)</p> </div> </article></div> <div class="pagination more"><ul class="pager"> <li class="next"><a href='//en/dictionary/concurrent-jurisdiction?debut_articles_related=15#pagination_articles_related' class='lien_pagination more' rel='next'>More…</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="subsection related-section related-articles scrollable-anchor"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="related-events"> <span>Events</span> </h2> <div class="liste articles articles-related"> <div class="liste-items"> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1yXvQhWtuyjR679l0GjSt80AmSM0ExQ2gy9fl4NwzSv403dXZfBQ79tFwG3KmVl/qNK/IEDSMyj+2deHlPbL7U4VL2r6vLO3Y29+B6OFe7NK+7qNykwT8B08a5Rgr1/Gvys+DJ1sI1thxf+OpsvCScbCu2rWkrLB/uj81G3ps9jkvdTrQwsc7zMOCvuMBLWRe3TZ5nx3Yzh7AwdIKDVuHIUduVkMpOeggziRsWhUT6uSeet7SUh0dLXAXMgUG1R4qyL+ughiID8aMAX2viCmDll4x0+LIVqPZPAlPtGSyOGuLlx+VEAej7gW1zA+tGSAw/DjyNOLbNtm7j75isS8Jb3B76lg120GUw==' data-origin="//en/dictionary/concurrent-jurisdiction"> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/frederic-jenny">Frédéric Jenny</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/rod-sims">Rod Sims</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/iskandar-ismail">Iskandar Ismail</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/sia-aik-kor-111731">Aik Kor Sia</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/ruth-chen">Ruth Chen</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/adelaide-luke">Adelaide Luke</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/antitrust-in-asia-2-institutional-design-should-competition-law-be-enforced-by" rel="bookmark">Antitrust in Asia #2 Institutional Design: Should Competition Law be Enforced by Sectoral Regulators?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2021-09-14T08:30:00Z">14 September 2021</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-100357 introduction entry-content"><p>2nd Webinar of the 7th annual « Antitrust in Asia » Conference organised by Concurrences, in partnership with Facebook and Herbert Smith Freehills with <a href="en/auteurs/ruth-chen" class="spip_in">Ruth Chen</a> (Associate General Counsel, Competition & Regulatory, Facebook), <a href="en/authors/iskandar-ismail" class="spip_in">Iskandar Ismail</a> (Chief Executive Officer, Malaysia Competition Commission), <a href="en/authors/frederic-jenny" class="spip_in">Frédéric Jenny</a> (Chairman, OECD Competition Committee | Professor, Co-Director, CEDE, ESSEC), <a href="en/auteurs/adelaide-luke" class="spip_in">Adelaide Luke</a> (Partner, Head of Competition - Asia, Herbert Smith Freehills), <a href="en/authors/sia-aik-kor-111731" class="spip_in">Aik Kor Sia</a> (Chief Executive, Competition and Consumer Commission of Singapore) and <a href="en/authors/rod-sims" class="spip_in">Rod Sims</a> (Chairman, Australian Competition & Consumer Commission).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/peter-roth">Peter Roth</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/bill-batchelor">Bill Batchelor</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/ingrid-vandenborre">Ingrid Vandenborre</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/aurora-luoma-112785">Aurora Luoma</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/bruce-macaulay">Bruce Macaulay</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/helen-jenkins">Helen Jenkins</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/uk-competition-antitrust-litigation-97932" rel="bookmark">UK Competition & Antitrust Litigation</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-12-14T16:30:00Z">14 December 2020</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-97932 introduction entry-content"><p>Webinar of the "Law & Economics" Series organised by Concurrences, in partnership with Skadden and Oxera, with <a href="en/authors/peter-roth" class="spip_in">Sir Peter Roth</a> (President, Competition Appeal Tribunal), <a href="en/authors/bill-batchelor" class="spip_in">Bill Batchelor</a> (Partner - Antitrust/Competition, Skadden), <a href="en/authors/helen-jenkins" class="spip_in">Helen Jenkins</a> (Managing Partner, Oxera), <a href="en/authors/aurora-luoma-112785" class="spip_in">Aurora Luoma</a> (Counsel - Antitrust/Competition, Skadden), <a href="en/authors/bruce-macaulay" class="spip_in">Bruce Macaulay</a> (Partner - International Litigation and Arbitration, Skadden) and <a href="en/authors/ingrid-vandenborre" class="spip_in">Ingrid Vandenborre</a> (Partner - Antitrust/Competition, Skadden).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/olivera-boskovic">Olivera Boskovic</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurence-idot">Laurence Idot</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/maciej-szpunar">Maciej Szpunar</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/wolfgang-wurmnest">Wolfgang Wurmnest</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jacqueline-riffault-silk">Jacqueline Riffault-Silk</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/private-enforcement-2-international-jurisdiction-en" rel="bookmark">Private Enforcement #2 International jurisdiction</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-06-18T13:30:00Z">18 June 2020</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-95052 introduction entry-content"><p>2nd Webinar of the « 5th Private Enforcement Conference » organised by Concurrences, with <a href="en/auteurs/olivera-boskovic" class="spip_in">Olivera Boskovic</a> (Professor, University Paris Descartes), <a href="en/authors/laurence-idot" class="spip_in">Laurence Idot</a> (Emeritus professor, University Paris II Panthéon-Assas), <a href="en/authors/jacqueline-riffault-silk" class="spip_in">Jacqueline Riffault-Silk</a> (Commercial Court honorary dean, Cour de cassation), <a href="en/auteurs/maciej-szpunar" class="spip_in">Maciej Szpunar</a> (Advocate-General, CJEU) and <a href="en/auteurs/wolfgang-wurmnest" class="spip_in">Wolfgang Wurmnest</a> (Professor, University of Augsburg).</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/olivier-freget">Olivier Fréget</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/david-bosco">David Bosco</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/gabriel-lluch">Gabriel Lluch</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/stanislas-martin">Stanislas Martin</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurent-godfroid">Laurent Godfroid</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/francesco-martucci">Francesco Martucci</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/emmanuel-glaser-970">Emmanuel Glaser</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/abel-henri-pleinevert">Abel-Henri Pleinevert</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/competition-and-regulation-how-to-coordinate-the-interventions-of-competition" rel="bookmark">Competition and regulation: How to coordinate the interventions of competition authorities and sectoral regulators?</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2019-11-14T07:30:00Z">14 November 2019</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-91151 introduction entry-content"><p>Conference organised by Concurrences, in partnership with Fréget & Associés and Cercle Montesquieu.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteurs/jacob-grierson">Jacob Grierson</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jacques-buhart">Jacques Buhart</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurence-idot">Laurence Idot</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/arbitration-and-competition-law-83113" rel="bookmark">Arbitration and competition law</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2017-01-31T11:00:00Z">31 January 2017</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-83113 introduction entry-content"><p>Lunchtalk organized by Concurrences Review in partnership with McDermott Will & Emery.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/fiona-m-scott-morton">Fiona M. Scott-Morton</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/guillaume-loriot">Guillaume Loriot</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/hanno-f-kaiser">Hanno F. Kaiser</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Sven-Volcker">Sven Voelcker</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/challenges-for-antitrust-enforcement-in-the-technology-sector-82986" rel="bookmark">Challenges for Antitrust Enforcement in the Technology Sector</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-10-14T10:00:00Z">14 October 2015</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-82986 introduction entry-content"><p>Law & Economics Workshop organized by Concurrences Review in partnership with Latham & Watkins.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Camilla-Jain-Holtse">Camilla Jain Holtse</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/daniel-s-bitton">Daniel S. Bitton</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/david-m-rodi">David M. Rodi</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/diane-wood-57132">Diane Wood</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/douglas-h-ginsburg">Douglas H. Ginsburg</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/frederic-jenny">Frédéric Jenny</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/ian-simmons">Ian Simmons</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/james-f-rill">James F. Rill</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/james-fredricks">James Fredricks</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jeremy-evans">Jeremy Evans</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/john-deq-briggs">John de Briggs</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/john-terzaken">John Terzaken</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/joseph-harrington">Joseph Harrington</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/mark-s-popofsky">Mark S. Popofsky</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/michael-d-hausfeld">Michael D. Hausfeld</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/spafford">Michael L. Spafford</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/MJ-Moltenbrey">MJ Moltenbrey</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/william-e-kovacic">William E. Kovacic</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/extraterritoriality-of-antitrust-law-in-the-us-and-abroad-a-hot-issue-82980" rel="bookmark">Extraterritoriality of Antitrust Law in the US and Abroad: A Hot Issue</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-09-28T10:00:00Z">28 September 2015</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-82980 introduction entry-content"><p>The annual George Washington University Law School conference jointly organized by Concurrences in partnership with Axinn, Veltrop & Harkrider - O’Melveny & Myers - Paul Hastings.</p></div> </article></div> <div class="item short"> <article class="entry article hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurent-ayache">Laurent Ayache</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/laurent-benzoni-16241">Laurent Benzoni</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/lionel-lesur">Lionel Lesur</a></span>, <span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/nathalie-dostert">Nathalie Dostert</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/events/private-enforcement-damage-assessment" rel="bookmark">Private enforcement: Damage assessment</a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2015-06-08T10:00:00Z">8 June 2015</time></p> <div class="crayon article-intro-82960 introduction entry-content"><p>Law & Economics Workshop organized by Concurrences in partnership with McDermott Will & Emery and Tera Consultants.</p></div> </article></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="subsection subsections_books related-section related-articles scrollable-anchor"> <h2 class="section__heading" id="related-books"> <span>Books</span> </h2> <div class="liste articles articles-related"> <div class="liste-items"> <div class='ajaxbloc' data-ajax-env='1yXvQhWtuyjR679leWnRvml+n8nxnRU0gy9fl4NwzSv403dXZfBQ79tDTGyKgFHX97urZeMIXchCl2FG62m3ZAsc+w7C2ilgWOEYK4R+b3YrPBpmw/nHrqfxl+q+42bI5Xc+dSJqy/h93FV5UyUbEO8tXIusBSRzVhg++QhfENATIwFazPvMPZzupIyRpG/9E65dYVVOhPiLLNHdFNlj3hROkv8YEzXpFgfvCKmGD7c3lu56/7HAyhTZ2wkdqJat7XeI2Lj2amNWCZTbM8KYiuSbqnKVDFhGlhFoIFNEOXntUFjlD6TBX9uM+8pGsznr4xnVNCIj8Rc9BMMeJc3aE/pqbFC54GwsRg==' data-origin="//en/dictionary/concurrent-jurisdiction"> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/auteur/Hubert-Legal">Hubert Legal</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/why-competition-voices-from-the-antitrust-community-and-beyond-1493#id=131932" rel="bookmark">Why Competition? 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Fox</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/douglas-h-ginsburg-liber-amicorum-an-antitrust-professor-on-the-bench-vol-ii-633#id=64879" rel="bookmark">Douglas H. Ginsburg Liber Amicorum : An Antitrust Professor on the Bench Vol. II <small>Antitrust and the Clash of Sovereigns</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2020-12-08T23:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">9 </span><span class="m">Dec</span></span><span class="y"> 2020</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">81Douglas H. Ginsburg | An Antitrust Professor on the Bench - Liber Amicorum – Volume II Antitrust and the Clash of Sovereigns – Bringing Under One Roof: Extraterritoriality, Industrial Policy, Foreign Sovereign Compulsion, and (Bad) Applications of Law Against “My Country's” Firms Eleanor M. (…)</div> </article> </div> <div class='item short'>  <article class="entry article article-doc-livre hentry"> <span class="authors"><span class="vcard author"><a class="url fn spip_in" href="en/authors/jonathan-m-jacobson">Jonathan M. Jacobson</a></span></span> <strong class="h6-like entry-title"><a href="en/livre/douglas-h-ginsburg-liber-amicorum-an-antitrust-professor-on-the-bench#id=40571" rel="bookmark">Douglas H. Ginsburg Liber Amicorum : An Antitrust Professor on the Bench <small>The Contributions of Judge Douglas H. Ginsburg</small></a></strong> <p class="publication"><time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2018-02-28T23:00:00Z"><span class="dm"><span class="d">1 </span><span class="m">Mar</span></span><span class="y"> 2018</span></time></p> <div class="introduction entry-content">65Douglas H. Ginsburg | An Antitrust Professor on the Bench - Liber Amicorum - Volume I The Contributions of Judge Douglas H. Ginsburg Jonathan m. JaCobson * Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati Abstract Judge Douglas H. 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PETER ALEXIADIS * I.Introduction The introduction of European Union (…)</div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <aside class="section__aside side-col"> <div class="miniplan miniplan_related sticky-top" id="related-index"> <ul class="nav nav-list"> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/concurrent-jurisdiction#related-jurisprudence" data-target="#related-jurisprudence">Case Comments</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/concurrent-jurisdiction#related-articles" data-target="#related-articles">Articles</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/concurrent-jurisdiction#related-events" data-target="#related-events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="//en/dictionary/concurrent-jurisdiction#related-books" data-target="#related-books">Books</a></li> </ul> </div> </aside> </div> </section> <div class="index-overlay collapse" id="index"> <span class="arrow-top"></span> <button class="close">×</button> <div class="glossaire-index"> <div class="main"> <div class="index"> <a class="lettre" 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class="row entree" id="a"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">a</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/absolute-territorial-protection">Absolute territorial protection </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/abuse-of-dominant-position-en">Abuse of dominant position</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/abuse-of-economic-dependence">Abuse of economic dependence</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/access-to-the-file-en">Access to the file</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/actual-competitor">Actual competitor </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/administered-prices">Administered prices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/advisory-committee-118302">Advisory committee</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/agent-en">Agent</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/agreement-notion-en">Agreement (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/ai-collusion-algorithm">AI Collusion (Algorithm)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/AKZO-Procedure">AKZO Procedure </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/amicus-curiae">Amicus curiae</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/ancillary-restraints">Ancillary restraints </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/annulment">Annulment</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/anticompetitive-market-distortions">Anticompetitive Market Distortions</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/anticompetitive-object-or-effect-en">Anticompetitive object or effect</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/anticompetitive-practices">Anticompetitive practices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Antitrust">Antitrust</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/applicable-law">Applicable law</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/arbitration">Arbitration</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/article-11-letter">Article 11 letter </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/artificial-intelligence">Artificial Intelligence </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/aec-as-efficient-competitor-principle-and-test">As-Efficient Competitor (AEC)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="b"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">b</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/barriers-to-entry-en">Barriers to entry</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/bertrand-nash-equilibrium">Bertrand (Nash) equilibrium</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/bid-rigging">Bid rigging</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/block-exemption-regulation">Block exemption (Regulation) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/boycott">Boycott</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/brand-competition-en">Brand competition</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/bundling">Bundling</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/burden-of-proof">Burden of proof</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/buyer-power">Buyer power </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="c"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">c</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/cartel">Cartel </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/clearance-phase-ii-merger">Clearance phase II (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/collecting-society">Collecting society </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/collective-dominance">Collective dominance</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/collective-redress-class-action">Collective redress (class action)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/comity">Comity </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/commission-communication">Commission communication</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/competence">Competence </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/competition-policy-89181">Competition policy</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/complaint">Complaint </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Compliance-programme">Compliance programme </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/compulsory-license">Compulsory license</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/concentration-indexes-en">Concentration indexes</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/concerted-practices-en">Concerted practices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/concession-86056">Concession</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/concurrent-jurisdiction">Concurrent jurisdiction</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Consortium-12192">Consortium </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/consumer-protection">Consumer protection</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/consumers-associations-en">Consumers’ associations</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/control-change">Control (change)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/control-notion">Control (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/cooperation-between-competition-authorities-en">Cooperation between competition authorities</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/coordinated-effects">Coordinated effects</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/copyright">Copyright</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/corruption">Corruption</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/cost-based-access">Cost-based access</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/cournot-nash-equilibrium">Cournot (Nash) equilibrium</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/criminal-sanctions">Criminal sanctions</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/cross-subsidisation">Cross subsidisation </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="d"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">d</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/damages">Damages</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/de-minimis-notice">De minimis notice</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/digital-markets-act">Digital Markets Act</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/direct-effect">Direct effect</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/discriminatory-practices">Discriminatory practices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/distribution-agreement">Distribution agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/divestiture">Divestiture</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/dominance-notion">Dominance (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/downstream-market-117440">Downstream market</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="e"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">e</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/echr">ECHR</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/economic-analysis">Economic analysis</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/economic-efficiency">Economic efficiency</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/economies-of-scale">Economies of scale </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/ecosystem-failures">Ecosystem Failures</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/effect-on-trade-between-member-states">Effect on trade between Member States</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/effective-judicial-protection">Effective judicial protection</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/effects-doctrine-118100">Effects doctrine</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/efta-surveillance-authority-esa-court">EFTA Surveillance Authority (ESA) & Court </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/environmental-protection-en">Environmental protection</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/error-costs-108946">Error costs</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/essential-facility">Essential facility</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/european-competition-network-ecn-en">European Competition Network (ECN)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/excessive-prices-en">Excessive prices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exchange-of-information">Exchanges of information</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exclusionary-practice">Exclusionary practice </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Exclusive-distribution-12218">Exclusive distribution </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exclusive-purchasing-en">Exclusive purchasing agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exclusive-right-art-106-tfeu">Exclusive right (Art. 106 TFEU)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/exclusivity-clause">Exclusivity clause</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Exhaustion">Exhaustion </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Extra-territoriality">Extra-territoriality</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="f"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">f</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/Failing-firm-defence">Failing firm defence</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/fidelity-rebates">Fidelity rebates</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Fine">Fine</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/fintech">Fintech</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/foreclosure-117887">Foreclosure</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/foreign-direct-investment-fdi">Foreign direct investment (FDI)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/foreign-subsidies">Foreign Subsidies</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/form-co">Form CO (EU) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/frand">FRAND</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Free-riding">Free riding </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="g"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">g</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/geographic-market">Geographic market</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/corporate-group">Group of undertakings</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/group-purchasing-organization">Group purchasing organization</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/guidelines-119080">Guidelines</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/gun-jumping">Gun jumping</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="h"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">h</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/hard-core-restrictions">Hard core restrictions</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Hearing-officer">Hearing officer </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/horizontal-agreement">Horizontal cooperation agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/hsr-filing-us-108854">HSR Filing (US)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="i"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">i</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/independence-and-impartiality">Independence and impartiality</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/individual-exemption-86377">Individual exemption</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/industrial-policy">Industrial policy</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/intellectual-property-right-en">Intellectual property right</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/inter-brand-competition">Inter-brand competition </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Interim-measures">Interim measures </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/international-co-operation">International co-operation </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/international-competition-network-icn">International competition network (ICN) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/investigations-inquiries-en">Investigations / inquiries</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="j"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">j</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/judicial-review">Judicial review</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="k"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">k</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/Know-how">Know-how </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="l"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">l</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/legal-privilege">Legal privilege</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Leniency-programme">Leniency</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/lerner-index">Lerner index</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/letter-of-formal-notice-118055">Letter of formal notice </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/licensing">Licensing</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/limitation-period-119083">Limitation Period </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="m"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">m</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/margin-squeeze">Margin squeeze</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/marginal-costs">Marginal costs </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/market-economy-investor">Market economy investor</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/market-power">Market power</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/market-share">Market share </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/media-pluralism">Media pluralism</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-notion-12318-en">Merger (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-prohibition">Merger (prohibition)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-withdrawal-118046">Merger (withdrawal)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Merger-control-procedure">Merger control procedure </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-remedies-100323">Merger remedies</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/minority-shareholdings-89176">Minority shareholdings</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/misinformation">Misinformation</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/mobility-barriers-117741">Mobility Barriers</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Monopoly">Monopoly </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="n"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">n</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/ne-bis-in-idem-86490">Ne bis in idem</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/negative-clearance-118047">Negative clearance</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Network-effect">Network effect </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/non-compete-obligation-12156-en">Non-compete obligation </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/non-horizontal-mergers">Non-Horizontal Mergers </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/notification-12310">Notification</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/nullity">Nullity </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="o"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">o</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/oligopoly">Oligopoly </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/online-platforms">Online Platforms</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="p"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">p</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/parallel-imports-parallel-trade-en">Parallel imports (parallel trade)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/passing-on-en">Passing-on</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Passive-sales">Passive sales </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/patents">Patents</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/pay-for-delay">Pay-for-delay</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/periodic-penalty-payment">Periodic penalty payment</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/potential-competition">Potential competition </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/predatory-pricing">Predatory pricing</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/preliminary-rulings-art-267-tfue">Preliminary ruling (Art. 267 TFUE) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/price-discrimination-en">Price discrimination </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/price-leadership">Price leadership</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/price-signaling">Price signalling</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/price-fixing-agreement">Price-fixing agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/prices-en">Prices</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/principle-of-equal-treatment">Principle of equal treatment</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/principle-of-equivalence">Principle of equivalence</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/principle-of-proportionality">Principle of proportionality</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/privacy-and-data-protection">Privacy and data protection</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/private-enforcement">Private enforcement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/privatization-en">Privatization</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/procedural-autonomy">Procedural autonomy</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/professional-association-86373-en">Professional association</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/public-procurement">Public procurement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Public-undertaking">Public undertaking</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="r"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">r</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/r-d-agreement">R&D agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/case-referral-system-mergers">Referral (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/refusal-to-deal">Refusal to deal</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/the-registry-of-the-general-court-of-the-european-union">Registry of the General Court of the European Union</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Relevant-market">Relevant market</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/remedies-antitrust-en">Remedies (antitrust)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/request-for-information">Request for information</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/resale-below-cost-en">Resale below cost </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/resale-price-maintenance-rpm">Resale price maintenance (RPM)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/restriction-on-exportation">Restriction on exportation </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/rule-of-reason">Rule of reason</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="s"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">s</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/sunk-costs-117836"> Sunk Costs </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/sector-inquiry">Sector inquiry</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/selective-distribution">Selective distribution </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/self-preference-111802">Self-Preference</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Services-of-general-economic">Services of general economic interest </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Single-branding">Single branding </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/sole-control">Sole control</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/specialization-agreements">Specialization agreements </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Spill-over-effects">Spill-over effects </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/standard-essential-patent-sep">Standard-Essential Patent (SEP)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-action-defense">State action defence</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-compatibility">State aid (compatibility)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-existing-aid">State aid (existing aid) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-notification-en">State aid (notification)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid">State aid (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-recovery">State aid (recovery) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/state-aid-unlawful-aid">State aid (unlawful aid) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/State-measure">State measure </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Statement-of-objections-SO">Statement of objections (SO) </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Substitutability">Substitutability </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/sustainability">Sustainability</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/switching-costs">Switching Costs</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="t"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">t</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/technology-transfer">Technology transfer</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/test-siec-merger-en">Test SIEC (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/merger-slc-src-sdc-tests">Test SLC (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/tipping">Tipping</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/business-secrets">Trade Secrets</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/trademark">Trademark</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/trustee-mergers-en">Trustee (mergers)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/turnover-threshold-merger">Turnover threshold (merger)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/two-sided-market">Two-sided market</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="u"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">u</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/undertaking-notion">Undertaking (notion)</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/unfair-competition">Unfair competition</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/universal-service-118054">Universal Service</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/upstream-market">Upstream market </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="v"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">v</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a href="en/dictionary/variable-costs">Variable costs </a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/Vertical-agreement">Vertical agreement</a> <span class="sep">•</span> <a href="en/dictionary/vertical-restraints-or-restrictions">Vertical restraints (or restrictions)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row entree" id="w"> <div class="col-xs-2 col-sm-1"> <h2 class="lettre">w</h2> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-11"> <div class="articles"> <a 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