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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Operational history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Operators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surviving_aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surviving_aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Surviving aircraft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surviving_aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifications_(M6A1)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications_(M6A1)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Specifications (M6A1)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications_(M6A1)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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title="Aichi M6A – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aichi M6A" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aichi_M6A" title="Aichi M6A – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aichi M6A" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%B6%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%B1_%D8%A2%DB%8C%DA%86%DB%8C" title="ام۶ای۱ آیچی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ام۶ای۱ آیچی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aichi_M6A" title="Aichi M6A – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aichi M6A" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aichi_M6A" title="Aichi M6A – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aichi M6A" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aichi_M6A" title="Aichi M6A – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aichi M6A" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aichi_M6A" title="Aichi M6A – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aichi M6A" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%B4%E5%B5%90" title="晴嵐 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="晴嵐" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aichi_M6A1_Seiran" title="Aichi M6A1 Seiran – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aichi M6A1 Seiran" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aichi_M6A" title="Aichi M6A – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aichi M6A" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Imperial Japanese submarine-launched floatplane</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248642317">.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-above{line-height:1.6em;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-header{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;line-height:23px;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-label{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-label{width:30%;padding-right:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-data{width:50%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-aircraft vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">M6A <i>Seiran</i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M6A1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/M6A1.jpg/300px-M6A1.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/M6A1.jpg/450px-M6A1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/M6A1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <div class="ib-aircraft-caption">M6A1</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Submarine-launched <a href="/wiki/Dive_bomber" title="Dive bomber">dive</a> / torpedo bomber</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aichi_Kokuki_KK" class="mw-redirect" title="Aichi Kokuki KK">Aichi Kokuki KK</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary user</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy_Air_Service" title="Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service">Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number built</th><td class="infobox-data">28 (inc. 2 M6A1-K landplane prototypes)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufactured</th><td class="infobox-data">1943–1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduction date</th><td class="infobox-data">1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">November 1943</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Retired</th><td class="infobox-data">1945</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Aichi M6A <i>Seiran</i></b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">晴嵐</span></span>, "Clear Sky Storm"<sup id="cite_ref-Sakaida20_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sakaida20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</span> is a <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a>-launched attack <a href="/wiki/Floatplane" title="Floatplane">floatplane</a> designed for the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a> during World War II. It was intended to operate from <a href="/wiki/I-400_class_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="I-400 class submarine">I-400 class</a> submarines whose original mission was to conduct aerial attacks against the United States. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_development">Design and development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aichi_M6A&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the late 1920s, the Imperial Japanese Navy had developed a doctrine of operating floatplanes from submarines to search for targets.<sup id="cite_ref-Hybrid_p176_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hybrid_p176-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 1941, Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Combined Fleet, Admiral <a href="/wiki/Isoroku_Yamamoto" title="Isoroku Yamamoto">Isoroku Yamamoto</a>, proposed constructing a large fleet of <a href="/wiki/Submarine_aircraft_carrier" title="Submarine aircraft carrier">submarine aircraft carriers</a> (also designated STo or <i>sen-toku</i> — special submarine) whose purpose was to mount aerial attacks against American coastal cities. The submarines would surface to launch their aircraft by <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_catapult" title="Aircraft catapult">catapult</a>, submerge to avoid detection, then surface again to retrieve the aircrews who would ditch their planes nearby. By June 1942, the plan was to build a fleet of eighteen such submarines. This was later cut to nine, then five and finally just three as Japan's wartime fortunes declined.<sup id="cite_ref-Hybrid_p177_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hybrid_p177-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AI_p182-3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AI_p182-3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To equip the submarine aircraft carriers, the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy_Air_Service" title="Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service">Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service</a> requested that <a href="/wiki/Aichi_Kokuki" title="Aichi Kokuki">Aichi</a> design a folding attack aircraft with a range of 1,500 km (810 nmi) and a speed of 555 km/h (300 kn). Aichi was already manufacturing under license, the <a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_D4Y" title="Yokosuka D4Y">D4Y1</a> <i>Suisei</i> (Judy), a relatively small single-engined carrier dive bomber with exceptionally clean lines and high performance. Detailed engineering studies commenced in an effort to modify the Suisei for use aboard the I-400 submarines but the difficulties in doing so were eventually judged insurmountable and a completely new design was initiated.<sup id="cite_ref-Sakaida19_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sakaida19-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aichi_M6A_Seiran_folded_transport_diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Aichi_M6A_Seiran_folded_transport_diagram.svg/220px-Aichi_M6A_Seiran_folded_transport_diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Aichi_M6A_Seiran_folded_transport_diagram.svg/330px-Aichi_M6A_Seiran_folded_transport_diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Aichi_M6A_Seiran_folded_transport_diagram.svg/440px-Aichi_M6A_Seiran_folded_transport_diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="549" data-file-height="198" /></a><figcaption>Simplified line drawing of an M6A1 folded for transport.</figcaption></figure> <p>Aichi's final design, designated AM-24 by Aichi and given the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_military_aircraft_designation_systems" title="Japanese military aircraft designation systems">military designation</a> M6A1, was a two-seat, low-winged <a href="/wiki/Monoplane" title="Monoplane">monoplane</a> powered by a 1,050 kW (1,410 hp) <a href="/wiki/Aichi_Atsuta" title="Aichi Atsuta">Aichi AE1P Atsuta 30</a> engine (a licence-built copy of the <a href="/wiki/Daimler-Benz_DB_601" title="Daimler-Benz DB 601">Daimler-Benz DB 601</a> liquid-cooled <a href="/wiki/V12_engine" title="V12 engine">V12 engine</a>). The original specification dispensed with a traditional undercarriage but it was later decided to fit the aircraft with detachable twin floats to increase its versatility. If conditions permitted, these would allow the aircraft to land next to the submarine, be recovered by crane and then re-used. The floats could be jettisoned in flight to increase performance or left off altogether for one-way missions.<sup id="cite_ref-AI_p183-4_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AI_p183-4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Seiran's</i> wings rotated 90 degrees and folded hydraulically against the aircraft's fuselage (with the tail also folding down) to allow for storage within the submarine's 3.5 m (11 ft) diameter cylindrical hangar. Armament was a single 850 kg (1,870 lb) torpedo or an equivalent weight in bombs. One 13 mm (0.51 in) <a href="/wiki/Type_2_machine_gun" title="Type 2 machine gun">Type 2 machine gun</a> was mounted on a flexible mounting for use by the observer.<sup id="cite_ref-AI_p185-6_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AI_p185-6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fran_p292_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fran_p292-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hybrid_p179_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hybrid_p179-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As finalized, each I-400 class submarine had an enlarged watertight hangar capable of accommodating up to three M6A1s. The <i>Seirans</i> were to be launched from a 26 m (85 ft) compressed-air catapult mounted on the forward deck. A well-trained crew of four men could roll a <i>Seiran</i> out of its hangar on a collapsible catapult carriage, attach the plane's pontoons and have it readied for flight in approximately 7 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-Sakaida20_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sakaida20-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In order to shorten the launching process and eliminate the need for time-consuming engine warm-ups, the <i>Seirans</i> were to be catapulted from a cold start. This necessitated heating the engine oil for each plane to approximately 60 °C (140 °F) in a separate chamber and pumping it, as well as hot water, through the engine just prior to launch while the planes were still in the hangar. In this way, the aircraft's engine would be at or near normal <a href="/wiki/Operating_temperature" title="Operating temperature">operating temperature</a> immediately upon getting airborne. The idea was borrowed from the Germans who planned on using a similar launch method for the aircraft of their unfinished carrier <i><a href="/wiki/German_aircraft_carrier_Graf_Zeppelin" title="German aircraft carrier Graf Zeppelin">Graf Zeppelin</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-pbs_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pbs-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Burke86_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burke86-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first of eight prototype <i>Seirans</i> was completed in October 1943, commencing flight testing in November that year. A problem with overbalance of the auxiliary wings was eventually solved by raising the height of the tail fin. Further testing was sufficiently successful for production to start in early 1944. In order to aid pilot conversion to the <i>Seiran</i>, two examples of a land based <a href="/wiki/Trainer_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trainer (aircraft)">trainer</a> version fitted with a retractable <a href="/wiki/Conventional_landing_gear" title="Conventional landing gear">undercarriage</a> were built. These were given the designation M6A1-K <i>Nanzan</i> ("Southern Mountain"). Besides the difference in landing gear, the <a href="/wiki/Vertical_stabilizer" title="Vertical stabilizer">vertical stabilizer</a>'s top portion, which was foldable on the <i>Seiran</i>, was removed.<sup id="cite_ref-AI_p186_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AI_p186-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fran_p294_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fran_p294-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aichi_M6A&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Operational history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first production examples of the <i>Seiran</i> were completed in October 1944. Deliveries were slowed by <a href="/wiki/1944_T%C5%8Dnankai_earthquake" title="1944 Tōnankai earthquake">an earthquake</a> near Nagoya on 7 December 1944, and by an American air-raid on 12 March 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-AI_p186_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AI_p186-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction of the STo submarines was stopped in March 1945, after two submarine aircraft carriers had been completed and a third finished as a fuel tanker. These were supplemented by two smaller <a href="/wiki/Type_AM_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Type AM submarine">Type AM submarines</a>, originally designed as command submarines carrying reconnaissance floatplanes, but capable of carrying two <i>Seirans</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hybrid_p176-7_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hybrid_p176-7-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Owing to the reduced carrier submarine force, production of the <i>Seiran</i> was halted, with a total of 28 completed (including the prototypes and the M6A1-Ks).<sup id="cite_ref-Fran_p294_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fran_p294-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AI_p187_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AI_p187-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The new submarines and aircraft were assigned to the <a href="/wiki/IJN_6th_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="IJN 6th Fleet">1st Submarine Flotilla</a>, comprising the two STo submarines, the <i>I-400</i> and the flagship <i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-401" title="Japanese submarine I-401">I-401</a></i>, each carrying three <i>Seirans</i> together with two type AMs, the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-13" title="Japanese submarine I-13"><i>I-13</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_submarine_I-14" title="Japanese submarine I-14"><i>I-14</i></a>. The 1st Submarine Flotilla commenced training with the <i>Seirans</i> in January 1945, the crews gradually learning how to handle the submarines and aircraft. Launching all three <i>Seirans</i> took longer than expected: 30 minutes if floats were fitted, although this could be reduced to 14.5 minutes if the floats were not used.<sup id="cite_ref-AI_p187_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AI_p187-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first mission of the <i>Seiran</i> squadron, which was named the <i>Shinryuu Tokubetsukougeki-tai</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">神龍特別攻撃隊</span></span>, meaning "God-Dragon Special Attack Squad")</span> <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was to be a surprise air strike on the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal_Locks" class="mw-redirect" title="Panama Canal Locks">Gatun locks</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a>, to cut the main supply line for US forces in the Pacific. When the force was finally ready to set off on their mission against Panama, Japan's increasingly desperate situation led to a change in plan, with the target for the attack, called Operation <i>Hikari</i> (Splendour), being switched to the American base at <a href="/wiki/Ulithi_Atoll" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulithi Atoll">Ulithi Atoll</a> where forces, including aircraft carriers, were massing in preparation for attacks on the Japanese Home Islands. The flotilla departed Japan on 23 July 1945 and proceeded towards Ulithi. On 16 August, the flagship <i>I-401</i> received a radio message from headquarters, informing them of <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Japan's surrender</a> and ordering them to return to Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-AI_p187-8_1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AI_p187-8_1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hybrid_p179-180_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hybrid_p179-180-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All six <i>Seirans</i> on board the two submarines, having been disguised for the operation as American planes in violation of the laws of war,<sup id="cite_ref-pbs_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pbs-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were catapulted into the sea with their wings and stabilizers folded (for the <i>I-401</i>) or pushed overboard (for the <i>I-400)</i> to prevent capture.<sup id="cite_ref-AI_p201_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AI_p201-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aichi_M6A&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M6A1-K-12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/M6A1-K-12.jpg/220px-M6A1-K-12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/M6A1-K-12.jpg/330px-M6A1-K-12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/M6A1-K-12.jpg/440px-M6A1-K-12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="889" data-file-height="461" /></a><figcaption>A M6A1-K <i>Nanzan</i></figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>M6A1</dt> <dd>Prototypes powered by Atsuta 30 or 31 1,044 kW (1,400 hp) engine and removable floats, 8 built.</dd> <dt>M6A1 <i>Seiran</i> (<i>Shisei-Seiran</i>)</dt> <dd>Special Attack Bomber, 18 built.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Neill_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Neill-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>M6A1-K <i>Nanzan</i> (南山, "South Mountain")('Shisei-Seiran Kai<i>)</i></dt> <dd>Prototypes of training version, retractable wheeled landing gear, 2 built.</dd> <dt>M6A2</dt> <dd>Prototype modification, powered by Mitsubishi Kinsei MK8P 62 1,163 kW (1,560 hp) engine, 1 built<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aichi_M6A&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aichi_M6A1_Seiran_%E2%80%93_NASM_Udvar_Hazy_Center_-_51166758434.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Aichi_M6A1_Seiran_%E2%80%93_NASM_Udvar_Hazy_Center_-_51166758434.jpg/220px-Aichi_M6A1_Seiran_%E2%80%93_NASM_Udvar_Hazy_Center_-_51166758434.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Aichi_M6A1_Seiran_%E2%80%93_NASM_Udvar_Hazy_Center_-_51166758434.jpg/330px-Aichi_M6A1_Seiran_%E2%80%93_NASM_Udvar_Hazy_Center_-_51166758434.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Aichi_M6A1_Seiran_%E2%80%93_NASM_Udvar_Hazy_Center_-_51166758434.jpg/440px-Aichi_M6A1_Seiran_%E2%80%93_NASM_Udvar_Hazy_Center_-_51166758434.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5205" data-file-height="3470" /></a><figcaption>The only surviving Aichi M6A1 Seiran</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy_Air_Service" title="Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service">Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_Naval_Air_Technical_Arsenal" title="Yokosuka Naval Air Technical Arsenal">Naval Air Technical Arsenal / 1st Naval Technical Arsenal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=631st_Naval_Air_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="631st Naval Air Group (page does not exist)">631st Naval Air Group</a></li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aichi_M6A1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Aichi_M6A1.jpg/220px-Aichi_M6A1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Aichi_M6A1.jpg/330px-Aichi_M6A1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Aichi_M6A1.jpg/440px-Aichi_M6A1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="836" /></a><figcaption>Aichi M6A1 during restoration</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surviving_aircraft">Surviving aircraft</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aichi_M6A&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Surviving aircraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A single M6A1 has been preserved and resides in the <a href="/wiki/Udvar-Hazy_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Udvar-Hazy Center">Udvar-Hazy Center</a> of the Smithsonian's <a href="/wiki/National_Air_and_Space_Museum" title="National Air and Space Museum">National Air and Space Museum</a>. It is located in the <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a> suburb of <a href="/wiki/Chantilly,_Virginia" title="Chantilly, Virginia">Chantilly, Virginia</a> near <a href="/wiki/Dulles_International_Airport" title="Dulles International Airport">Dulles International Airport</a>. The <i>Seiran</i> was surrendered to an American occupation contingent by Lt Kazuo Akatsuka of the Imperial Japanese Navy, who ferried it from <a href="/wiki/Fukuyama,_Hiroshima" title="Fukuyama, Hiroshima">Fukuyama</a> to <a href="/wiki/Yokosuka" title="Yokosuka">Yokosuka</a>. The US Navy donated it to the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a> in November 1962. Restoration work on the <i>Seiran</i> began in June 1989 and was completed in February 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-Aichi_M6A1_Seiran_(Clear_Sky_Storm)_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aichi_M6A1_Seiran_(Clear_Sky_Storm)-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications_(M6A1)"><span id="Specifications_.28M6A1.29"></span>Specifications (M6A1)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aichi_M6A&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Specifications (M6A1)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aichi_M6A1_Seiran_3-view_line_drawing.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Aichi_M6A1_Seiran_3-view_line_drawing.svg/300px-Aichi_M6A1_Seiran_3-view_line_drawing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Aichi_M6A1_Seiran_3-view_line_drawing.svg/450px-Aichi_M6A1_Seiran_3-view_line_drawing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Aichi_M6A1_Seiran_3-view_line_drawing.svg/600px-Aichi_M6A1_Seiran_3-view_line_drawing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p style="font-size: 90%; margin:0;"><i>Data from</i> <i>Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War,</i><sup id="cite_ref-Fran_p294_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fran_p294-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>and Aichi M6A1 Seiran</i> <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>General characteristics</b></span> </p><ul><li><b>Crew:</b> 2</li> <li><b>Length:</b> 11.64 m (38 ft 2 in)</li> <li><b>Wingspan:</b> 12.262 m (40 ft 3 in)</li> <li><b>Height:</b> 4.58 m (15 ft 0 in)</li> <li><b>Wing area:</b> 27 m<sup>2</sup> (290 sq ft)</li> <li><b>Empty weight:</b> 3,301 kg (7,277 lb)</li> <li><b>Gross weight:</b> 4,040 kg (8,907 lb)</li> <li><b>Max takeoff weight:</b> 4,445 kg (9,800 lb)</li> <li><b>Powerplant:</b> 1 × <a href="/wiki/Aichi_AE1P_Atsuta_30" class="mw-redirect" title="Aichi AE1P Atsuta 30">Aichi AE1P Atsuta 30</a> or Atsuta 31 V-12 inverted liquid-cooled piston engine, 1,000 kW (1,400 hp) for take-off</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd>1,000 kW (1,340 hp) at 1,700 m (5,600 ft)</dd> <dd>960 kW (1,290 hp) at 5,000 m (16,000 ft)</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><b>Propellers:</b> 3-bladed constant-speed propeller</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Performance</b></span> </p> <ul><li><b>Maximum speed:</b> 474 km/h (295 mph, 256 kn) at 5,200 m (17,100 ft)</li> <li><b>Cruise speed:</b> 296 km/h (184 mph, 160 kn) at 3,000 m (9,800 ft)</li> <li><b>Range:</b> 1,188 km (738 mi, 641 nmi)</li> <li><b>Service ceiling:</b> 9,900 m (32,500 ft)</li> <li><b>Time to altitude:</b> 3,000 m (9,800 ft) in 5 minutes 48 seconds</li> <li><b>Wing loading:</b> 149.6 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (30.6 lb/sq ft)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Power-to-weight_ratio" title="Power-to-weight ratio">Power/mass</a>:</b> 0.3574 kW/kg (0.2174 hp/lb)</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Armament</b></span><br /> </p> <ul><li><b>Guns:</b> 1× 13 mm cabin-mounted <a href="/wiki/Type_2_machine_gun" title="Type 2 machine gun">Type 2 machine gun</a></li> <li><b>Bombs:</b> <br /> <ul><li>1× <a href="/wiki/Type_91_torpedo" title="Type 91 torpedo">Type 91 torpedo</a> <i>or</i></li> <li>2× 250 kg (551 lb) or 1× 850 kg (1,874 lb) bombs</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aichi_M6A&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p> <b>Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_231" title="Arado Ar 231">Arado Ar 231</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cox-Klemin_XS" title="Cox-Klemin XS">Cox-Klemin XS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parnall_Peto" title="Parnall Peto">Parnall Peto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_E14Y" title="Yokosuka E14Y">Yokosuka E14Y</a></li></ul> <p> <b>Related lists</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_World_War_II" title="List of aircraft of World War II">List of aircraft of World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bomber_aircraft" title="List of bomber aircraft">List of bomber aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aircraft_of_Japan" title="List of military aircraft of Japan">List of military aircraft of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_submarine-borne_aircraft" title="List of submarine-borne aircraft">List of submarine-borne aircraft</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aichi_M6A&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aichi_M6A&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Sakaida20-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sakaida20_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sakaida20_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sakaida, p. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hybrid_p176-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hybrid_p176_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Layman and McLaughlin 1991, p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hybrid_p177-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hybrid_p177_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Layman and McLaughlin 1991, p. 177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AI_p182-3-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AI_p182-3_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Air International</i> October 1989, pp. 182–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sakaida19-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sakaida19_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sakaida, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AI_p183-4-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AI_p183-4_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Air International</i> October 1989, pp. 183–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AI_p185-6-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AI_p185-6_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Air International</i> October 1989, pp. 185–186.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fran_p292-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fran_p292_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Francillon 1970, p. 292.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hybrid_p179-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hybrid_p179_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Layman and McLaughlin 1991, p. 179.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pbs-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pbs_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pbs_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wnet/secrets/episodes/japanese-supersub-watch-the-full-episode/591/">Secrets of the Dead</a>" – PBS tv special. Retrieved 7 May 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burke86-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Burke86_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burke, p. 86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AI_p186-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AI_p186_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AI_p186_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Air International</i> October 1989, p. 186.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fran_p294-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fran_p294_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fran_p294_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fran_p294_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Francillon 1970, p. 294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hybrid_p176-7-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hybrid_p176-7_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Layman and McLaughlin 1991, pp. 176–177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHENRY_FOUNTAIN2009" class="citation news cs1">HENRY FOUNTAIN (November 12, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/13/science/13wreck.html">"2 Sunken Japanese Subs Are Found Off Hawaii"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=2+Sunken+Japanese+Subs+Are+Found+Off+Hawaii&rft.date=2009-11-12&rft.au=HENRY+FOUNTAIN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F11%2F13%2Fscience%2F13wreck.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAichi+M6A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AI_p187-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AI_p187_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AI_p187_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Air International</i> October 1989, p. 187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF高橋2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Takahashi_Kazuo" class="mw-redirect" title="Takahashi Kazuo">高橋, 一雄</a> (2001). <i>神龍特別攻撃隊</i>. p. 197.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E7%A5%9E%E9%BE%8D%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E6%94%BB%E6%92%83%E9%9A%8A&rft.pages=197&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=%E9%AB%98%E6%A9%8B&rft.aufirst=%E4%B8%80%E9%9B%84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAichi+M6A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AI_p187-8_1-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AI_p187-8_1_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Air International</i> October 1989, pp. 187–188, 201.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tamiya_Corporation" title="Tamiya Corporation">Tamiya</a>, Aichi M6A1 Seiran, 1/48 Scale Aircraft Series No.54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hybrid_p179-180-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hybrid_p179-180_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Layman and McLaughlin 1991, pp. 179–180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AI_p201-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AI_p201_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Air International</i> October 1989, p. 201.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Neill-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-O'Neill_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Neill1981" class="citation book cs1">O'Neill, Richard (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/suicidesquadsaxi0000onei/page/296"><i>Suicide Squads: Axis and Allied Special Attack Weapons of World War II: their Development and their Missions</i></a>. London: Salamander Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/suicidesquadsaxi0000onei/page/296">296</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-861-01098-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-861-01098-1"><bdi>0-861-01098-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Suicide+Squads%3A+Axis+and+Allied+Special+Attack+Weapons+of+World+War+II%3A+their+Development+and+their+Missions&rft.place=London&rft.pages=296&rft.pub=Salamander+Books&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-861-01098-1&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsuicidesquadsaxi0000onei%2Fpage%2F296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAichi+M6A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.php?aircraft_id=445">"Aichi M6A Seiran"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aichi+M6A+Seiran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.militaryfactory.com%2Faircraft%2Fdetail.php%3Faircraft_id%3D445&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAichi+M6A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aichi_M6A1_Seiran_(Clear_Sky_Storm)-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Aichi_M6A1_Seiran_(Clear_Sky_Storm)_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/aichi-m6a1-seiran-clear-sky-storm/nasm_A19630308000"><i>Aichi M6A1 Seiran (Clear Sky Storm)</i></a>, Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aichi+M6A1+Seiran+%28Clear+Sky+Storm%29&rft.pub=Smithsonian+National+Air+and+Space+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airandspace.si.edu%2Fcollection-objects%2Faichi-m6a1-seiran-clear-sky-storm%2Fnasm_A19630308000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAichi+M6A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mikesh 1975, pp. 31–32.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aichi_M6A&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Burke, Stephen. <i>Without Wings: The Story of Hitler's Aircraft Carrier</i>. Trafford Publishing, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4251-2216-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4251-2216-4">978-1-4251-2216-4</a>.</li> <li>Francillon, René J. <i>Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War</i>. London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1970. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-370-00033-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-370-00033-1">0-370-00033-1</a> (2nd edition 1979, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-370-30251-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-370-30251-6">0-370-30251-6</a>).</li> <li>Geoghegan, John J. <i>Operation Storm: Japan's Top Secret Submarines and Its Plan to Change the Course of World War II</i>. Crown Publishers, NY, 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-46480-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-46480-4">978-0-307-46480-4</a>.</li> <li>Januszewski, Tadeusz. <i>Japanese Submarine Aircraft</i>. Sandomierz, Poland/Redbourn, UK: Mushroom Model Publications, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-916327-2-5" title="Special:BookSources/83-916327-2-5">83-916327-2-5</a>.</li> <li>Layman, R.D. and Stephen McLaughlin. <i>The Hybrid Warship</i>. London:Conway Maritime Press, 1991. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-555-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-555-1">0-85177-555-1</a>.</li> <li>Mikesh, Robert C. <i>Monogram Close-Up 13: Aichi M6A1 Seiran, Japan's Submarine-Launched Panama Canal Bomber</i>. Bolyston, MA: Monogram Aviation Publications, 1975. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-914144-13-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-914144-13-8">0-914144-13-8</a>.</li> <li>"Nipponese Canal Cracker...Aichi's M6A1 Seiren". <i><a href="/wiki/Air_International" title="Air International">Air International</a></i>, October 1989, Vol.37, No 4. Bromley, UK:Tri-Service Press. ISSN 0306-5634. pp. 182–188, 201.</li> <li>Ogawa, Toshihiko. <i>Nihon Kōkūki Daizukan, 1910–1945</i>. Tokyo, 1993.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPassingham2000" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Passingham, Malcolm (March 2000). "Les hydravions embarqués sur sous-marins" [Japanese Submarine-embarked Seaplanes]. <i>Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire</i> (in French) (84): 25–37. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1243-8650">1243-8650</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avions%3A+Toute+l%27a%C3%A9ronautique+et+son+histoire&rft.atitle=Les+hydravions+embarqu%C3%A9s+sur+sous-marins&rft.issue=84&rft.pages=25-37&rft.date=2000-03&rft.issn=1243-8650&rft.aulast=Passingham&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAichi+M6A" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Sakaida, Henry; Gary Nila and Koji Takaki. <i>I-400: Japan's Secret Aircraft-Carrying Strike Submarine</i>. Hikoki Publications, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-902109-45-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-902109-45-9">978-1-902109-45-9</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aichi_M6A&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aichi_aircraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Aichi_Kokuki" title="Aichi Kokuki">Aichi</a> aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturer<br />designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_AB-1" title="Aichi AB-1">AB-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_AB-2" title="Aichi AB-2">AB-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_AB-3" title="Aichi AB-3">AB-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_AB-4" title="Aichi AB-4">AB-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_62" title="Heinkel He 62">AB-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_AB-6" title="Aichi AB-6">AB-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E8A" title="Aichi E8A">AB-7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aichi_AB-8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aichi AB-8 (page does not exist)">AB-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_D1A" title="Aichi D1A">AB-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_D1A" title="Aichi D1A">AB-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_D1A" title="Aichi D1A">AB-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E10A" title="Aichi E10A">AB-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_F1A" title="Aichi F1A">AB-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E11A" title="Aichi E11A">AB-14</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aichi_AM-7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aichi AM-7 (page does not exist)">AM-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_AM-10" class="mw-redirect" title="Aichi AM-10">AM-10</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aichi_AM-15&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aichi AM-15 (page does not exist)">AM-15</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aichi_AM-16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aichi AM-16 (page does not exist)">AM-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_D3A" title="Aichi D3A">AM-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E13A" title="Aichi E13A">AM-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_C4A" title="Aichi C4A">AM-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_H9A" title="Aichi H9A">AM-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E16A" title="Aichi E16A">AM-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_B7A" title="Aichi B7A">AM-23</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">AM-24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Imperial Japanese Navy <br /> short designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_B7A" title="Aichi B7A">B7A</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_C4A" title="Aichi C4A">C4A</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_D1A" title="Aichi D1A">D1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_D3A" title="Aichi D3A">D3A</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E3A" title="Aichi E3A">E3A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E8A" title="Aichi E8A">E8A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E10A" title="Aichi E10A">E10A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E11A" title="Aichi E11A">E11A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E13A" title="Aichi E13A">E13A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E16A" title="Aichi E16A">E16A</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_F1A" title="Aichi F1A">F1A</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_H9A" title="Aichi H9A">H9A</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">M6A</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_S1A" title="Aichi S1A">S1A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_Allied_names_for_Japanese_aircraft" title="World War II Allied names for Japanese aircraft">World War II<br />Allied reporting names</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_B7A" title="Aichi B7A">Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E10A" title="Aichi E10A">Hank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E13A" title="Aichi E13A">Jake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E11A" title="Aichi E11A">Laura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E16A" title="Aichi E16A">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_D1A" title="Aichi D1A">Susie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_D3A" title="Aichi D3A">Val</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Imperial_Japanese_Navy_aircraft_designations_(short_system)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japanese_Navy_short_aircraft_designations" title="Template:Japanese Navy short aircraft designations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japanese_Navy_short_aircraft_designations" title="Template talk:Japanese Navy short aircraft designations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese_Navy_short_aircraft_designations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese Navy short aircraft designations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Imperial_Japanese_Navy_aircraft_designations_(short_system)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_military_aircraft_designation_systems" title="Japanese military aircraft designation systems">Imperial Japanese Navy aircraft designations (short system)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighters (A)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_A1N" title="Nakajima A1N">A1N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_A2N" title="Nakajima A2N">A2N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_A2N" title="Nakajima A2N">A3N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_A4N" title="Nakajima A4N">A4N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A5M" title="Mitsubishi A5M">A5M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero">A6M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_112" title="Heinkel He 112">A7He</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A7M" title="Mitsubishi A7M">A7M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seversky_A8V" title="Seversky A8V">A8V</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-12" title="Boeing P-12">AXB</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewoitine_D.500" title="Dewoitine D.500">AXD</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_FF" title="Grumman FF">AXG</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Nimrod" title="Hawker Nimrod">AXH</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_100" title="Heinkel He 100">AXHe</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vought_V-141" title="Vought V-141">AXV</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Torpedo bombers (B)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_B1M" title="Mitsubishi B1M">B1M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_B2M" title="Mitsubishi B2M">B2M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_B3N" title="Nakajima B3N">B3N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kugisho_B3Y" title="Kugisho B3Y">B3Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_B4M" title="Mitsubishi B4M">B4M</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakajima_B4N&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nakajima B4N (page does not exist)">B4N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_B4Y" title="Yokosuka B4Y">B4Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_B5M" title="Mitsubishi B5M">B5M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_B5N" title="Nakajima B5N">B5N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_B6N" title="Nakajima B6N">B6N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_B7A" title="Aichi B7A">B7A</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Gamma" title="Northrop Gamma">BXN</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_C6N" title="Nakajima C6N">C6N1-B</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shipboard reconnaissance (C)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_2MR" title="Mitsubishi 2MR">C1M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Ki-6" title="Nakajima Ki-6">C2N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_C3N" title="Nakajima C3N">C3N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_C4A" title="Aichi C4A">C4A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-15" title="Mitsubishi Ki-15">C5M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_C6N" title="Nakajima C6N">C6N</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potez_540" title="Potez 540">CXP</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_D4Y" title="Yokosuka D4Y">D4Y1-C</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_E4N" title="Nakajima E4N">E4N2-C</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dive bombers (D)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_D1A" title="Aichi D1A">D1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_D1A" title="Aichi D1A">D2A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakajima_D2N&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nakajima D2N (page does not exist)">D2N</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yokosuka_D2Y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yokosuka D2Y (page does not exist)">D2Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_D3A" title="Aichi D3A">D3A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_D3M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitsubishi D3M (page does not exist)">D3M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_D3N" title="Nakajima D3N">D3N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_D3Y" title="Yokosuka D3Y">D3Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_D4Y" title="Yokosuka D4Y">D4Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_D3Y" title="Yokosuka D3Y">D5Y</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_BT" title="Northrop BT">DXD</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_118" title="Heinkel He 118">DXHe</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconnaissance seaplanes (E)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_E1Y" title="Yokosuka E1Y">E1Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_E2N" title="Nakajima E2N">E2N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E3A" title="Aichi E3A">E3A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_E4N" title="Nakajima E4N">E4N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_E5K" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawanishi E5K">E5K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_E5Y" title="Yokosuka E5Y">E5Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_E6Y" title="Yokosuka E6Y">E6Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_E7K" title="Kawanishi E7K">E7K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E8A" title="Aichi E8A">E8A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawanishi_E8K&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawanishi E8K (page does not exist)">E8K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_E8N" title="Nakajima E8N">E8N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watanabe_E9W" title="Watanabe E9W">E9W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E10A" title="Aichi E10A">E10A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_E10K" title="Kawanishi E10K">E10K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E11A" title="Aichi E11A">E11A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_E11K" title="Kawanishi E11K">E11K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E12A" class="mw-redirect" title="Aichi E12A">E12A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawanishi_E12K&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawanishi E12K (page does not exist)">E12K</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakajima_E12N&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nakajima E12N (page does not exist)">E12N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E13A" title="Aichi E13A">E13A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_E13K" title="Kawanishi E13K">E13K</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Watanabe_E14W&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Watanabe E14W (page does not exist)">E14W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_E14Y" title="Yokosuka E14Y">E14Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_E15K" title="Kawanishi E15K">E15K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E16A" title="Aichi E16A">E16A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observation seaplanes (F)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_F1A" title="Aichi F1A">F1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_F1M" title="Mitsubishi F1M">F1M</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_J1N" title="Nakajima J1N">J1N1-F</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Land-based bombers (G)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_3MT5" title="Mitsubishi 3MT5">G1M (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G1M" title="Mitsubishi G1M">G1M (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiro_G2H" title="Hiro G2H">G2H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G3M" title="Mitsubishi G3M">G3M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G4M" title="Mitsubishi G4M">G4M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_G5N" title="Nakajima G5N">G5N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G4M" title="Mitsubishi G4M">G6M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G7M" title="Mitsubishi G7M">G7M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_G8N" title="Nakajima G8N">G8N</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawanishi_G9K&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawanishi G9K (page does not exist)">G9K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_G10N" title="Nakajima G10N">G10N</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flying Boats (H)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiro_H1H" title="Hiro H1H">H1H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiro_H2H" title="Hiro H2H">H2H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiro_H3H1" title="Hiro H3H1">H3H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_H3K" title="Kawanishi H3K">H3K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiro_H4H" title="Hiro H4H">H4H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_H5Y" title="Yokosuka H5Y">H5Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_H6K" title="Kawanishi H6K">H6K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_H7Y" title="Yokosuka H7Y">H7K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_H8K" title="Kawanishi H8K">H8K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_H9A" title="Aichi H9A">H9A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiro_H10H&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiro H10H (page does not exist)">H10H</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawanishi_H11K&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawanishi H11K (page does not exist)">H11K</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_P2Y" title="Consolidated P2Y">HXC</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DF" title="Douglas DF">HXD</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potez_452" title="Potez 452">HXP</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Land-based Fighters (J)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_J1N" title="Nakajima J1N">J1N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_J2M" title="Mitsubishi J2M">J2M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_J3K" title="Kawanishi J3K">J3K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_J4M" title="Mitsubishi J4M">J4M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_J5N" title="Nakajima J5N">J5M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_J6K" title="Kawanishi J6K">J6K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu_J7W_Shinden" title="Kyushu J7W Shinden">J7W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_J8M" title="Mitsubishi J8M">J8M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Kikka" title="Nakajima Kikka">J9N</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_N1K" title="Kawanishi N1K">N1K1-J/N1K2-J</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trainers (K)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_K1Y" title="Yokosuka K1Y">K1Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_504" title="Avro 504">K2Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_K3M" title="Mitsubishi K3M">K3M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_K4Y" title="Yokosuka K4Y">K4Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_K5Y" title="Yokosuka K5Y">K5Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_K6K" title="Kawanishi K6K">K6K</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_K6M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitsubishi K6M (page does not exist)">K6M</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Watanabe_K6W&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Watanabe K6W (page does not exist)">K6W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_K7M" title="Mitsubishi K7M">K7M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_K8K" title="Kawanishi K8K">K8K</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nippi_K8Ni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nippi K8Ni (page does not exist)">K8Ni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nihon_K8P&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nihon K8P (page does not exist)">N8P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watanabe_K8W" title="Watanabe K8W">K8W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCcker_B%C3%BC_131_Jungmann" title="Bücker Bü 131 Jungmann">K9W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu_K10W" title="Kyushu K10W">K10W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu_K11W" title="Kyushu K11W">K11W</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-16" title="North American NA-16">KXA</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCcker_B%C3%BC_131_Jungmann" title="Bücker Bü 131 Jungmann">KXBu</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caudron_C.600_Aiglon" title="Caudron C.600 Aiglon">KXC</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_A50" class="mw-redirect" title="Junkers A50">KXJ</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_72" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinkel He 72">KXHe</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_10_Electra" title="Lockheed Model 10 Electra">KXL</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A5M" title="Mitsubishi A5M">A5M4-K</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero">A6M2-K</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_B5N" title="Nakajima B5N">B5N1-K</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_D3Y" title="Yokosuka D3Y">D3Y1-K</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E13A" title="Aichi E13A">E13A1-K</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_F1M" title="Mitsubishi F1M">F1M2-K</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G6M" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitsubishi G6M">G6M1-K</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">M6A1-K</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu_Q1W" title="Kyushu Q1W">Q1W1-K</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transports (L)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Ki-34" title="Nakajima Ki-34">L1N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Showa/Nakajima_L2D" title="Showa/Nakajima L2D">L2D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G3M" title="Mitsubishi G3M">L3Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-57" title="Mitsubishi Ki-57">L4M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihon_L7P" title="Nihon L7P">L7P</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss-Wright_CA-1" title="Curtiss-Wright CA-1">LXC</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-4E" title="Douglas DC-4E">LXD</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_91_Baby_Clipper" title="Fairchild 91 Baby Clipper">LXF</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasuden_KR-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Gasuden KR-2">LXG (KR-2)</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-21_Goose" title="Grumman G-21 Goose">LXG (G-21)</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_70_Blitz" title="Heinkel He 70 Blitz">LXHe</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_60" title="Junkers Ju 60">LXJ (Ju 60)</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_86" title="Junkers Ju 86">LXJ (Ju 86)</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinner_Envoy" title="Kinner Envoy">LXK</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Envoy" title="Airspeed Envoy">LXM</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_G5N" title="Nakajima G5N">G5N2-L</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G4M" title="Mitsubishi G4M">G6M1-L</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_H6K" title="Kawanishi H6K">H6K2-L/H6K4-L</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_H8K" title="Kawanishi H8K">H8K1-L/H8K2-L/H8K4-L</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawanishi_H11K&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawanishi H11K (page does not exist)">H11K1-L</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_K3M" title="Mitsubishi K3M">K3M3-L</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special-purpose (M)<sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">M6A</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nihon_MXJ1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nihon MXJ1 (page does not exist)">MXJ1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_MXY1" title="Yokosuka MXY1">MXY1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_MXY1" title="Yokosuka MXY1">MXY2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yokosuka_MXY3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yokosuka MXY3 (page does not exist)">MXY2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yokosuka_MXY4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yokosuka MXY4 (page does not exist)">MXY4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_MXY5" title="Yokosuka MXY5">MXY5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu_J7W_Shinden" title="Kyushu J7W Shinden">MXY6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_MXY-7_Ohka" title="Yokosuka MXY-7 Ohka">MXY7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_MXY8" title="Yokosuka MXY8">MXY8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_MXY9" title="Yokosuka MXY9">MXY9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_P1Y" title="Yokosuka P1Y">MXY10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G4M" title="Mitsubishi G4M">MXY11</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mizuno_MXZ1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mizuno MXZ1 (page does not exist)">MXZ1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Floatplane fighters (N)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_N1K" title="Kawanishi N1K">N1K</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_A6M2-N" title="Nakajima A6M2-N">A6M2-N</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Land-based bombers (P)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_P1Y" title="Yokosuka P1Y">P1Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-67" title="Mitsubishi Ki-67">P2M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Patrol (Q)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu_Q1W" title="Kyushu Q1W">Q1W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Q2M" title="Mitsubishi Q2M">Q2M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu_K11W" title="Kyushu K11W">Q3W</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Land-based reconnaissance (R)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yokosuka_R1Y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yokosuka R1Y (page does not exist)">R1Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_R2Y" title="Yokosuka R2Y">R2Y</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_D4Y" title="Yokosuka D4Y">D4Y2-R</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_J1N" title="Nakajima J1N">J1N1-R</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Night fighters (S)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_S1A" title="Aichi S1A">S1A</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_C6N" title="Nakajima C6N">C6N1-S</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_D4Y" title="Yokosuka D4Y">D4Y2-S</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E13A" title="Aichi E13A">E13A1a-S/E13A1b-S</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_J1N" title="Nakajima J1N">J1N1-S</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_P1Y" title="Yokosuka P1Y">P1Y1-S/P1Y2-S</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> X as second letter is for experimental aircraft or imported technology demonstrators not intended for service, <sup>2</sup> Hyphenated trailing letter (-J, -K, -L, -N or -S) denotes design modified for secondary role, <sup>3</sup> Possibly incorrect designation, but used in many sources</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Imperial_Japanese_Navy_official_aircraft_names" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Imperial_Japanese_Navy_official_aircraft_names" title="Template:Imperial Japanese Navy official aircraft names"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Imperial_Japanese_Navy_official_aircraft_names" title="Template talk:Imperial Japanese Navy official aircraft names"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Imperial_Japanese_Navy_official_aircraft_names" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Imperial Japanese Navy official aircraft names"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Imperial_Japanese_Navy_official_aircraft_names" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Imperial Japanese Navy <a href="/wiki/Japanese_military_aircraft_designation_systems" title="Japanese military aircraft designation systems">official aircraft names</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Naval fighters<sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_J6K" title="Kawanishi J6K"><i>Jinpu</i> (Squall)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_N1K" title="Kawanishi N1K"><i>Kyofu</i> (Gale)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero"><i>Reisen</i> (Zero fighter)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A7M" title="Mitsubishi A7M"><i>Reppu</i> (Strong wind)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Land-based fighters<sup><small>2</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_J2M" title="Mitsubishi J2M"><i>Raiden</i> (Lightning bolt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_J4M" title="Mitsubishi J4M"><i>Senden</i> (Flashing lightning)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_N1K" title="Kawanishi N1K"><i>Shiden</i> (Violet lightning)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu_J7W_Shinden" title="Kyushu J7W Shinden"><i>Shinden</i> (Magnificent lightning)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_J5N" title="Nakajima J5N"><i>Tenrai</i> (Thunder)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nightfighters<sup><small>3</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_S1A" title="Aichi S1A"><i>Denko</i> (Lightning)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_J1N" title="Nakajima J1N"><i>Gekko</i> (Moonlight)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_P1Y" title="Yokosuka P1Y"><i>Hakko</i> (Corona)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_P1Y" title="Yokosuka P1Y"><i>Kyokko</i> (Aurora)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jet/rocket fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Kikka" title="Nakajima Kikka"><i>Kikka</i> (Tachibana orange blossom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizuno_Shinryu" title="Mizuno Shinryu"><i>Shinryu</i> (Divine dragon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_J8M" title="Mitsubishi J8M"><i>Shusui</i> (Sharp sword)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heavy bombers<sup><small>4</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_G10N" title="Nakajima G10N"><i>Fugaku</i> (Mount Fuji)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Nanzan</i> (South mountain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_G8N" title="Nakajima G8N"><i>Renzan</i> (Mountain chain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_G5N" title="Nakajima G5N"><i>Shinzan</i> (Deep mountain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G7M" title="Mitsubishi G7M"><i>Taizan</i> (Great mountain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_B6N" title="Nakajima B6N"><i>Tenzan</i> (Heavenly mountain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_G4M" title="Mitsubishi G4M"><i>Tozan</i> (Eastern mountain)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bombers<sup><small>5</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_B7A" title="Aichi B7A"><i>Ryusei</i> (Shooting star)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_D4Y" title="Yokosuka D4Y"><i>Suisei</i> (Comet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_D3Y" title="Yokosuka D3Y"><i>Myojo</i> (Venus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_D5Y" class="mw-redirect" title="Yokosuka D5Y"><i>Myojo Kai</i> (Venus improved)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_P1Y" title="Yokosuka P1Y"><i>Ginga</i> (Galaxy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_Tenga" title="Yokosuka Tenga"><i>Tenga</i> (Milky Way)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Patrol<sup><small>6</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu_Q1W" title="Kyushu Q1W"><i>Tokai</i> (Eastern sea)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Q2M" title="Mitsubishi Q2M"><i>Taiyo</i> (Ocean)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu_K11W" title="Kyushu K11W"><i>Nankai</i> (Southern sea)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconnaissance<sup><small>7</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_E15K" title="Kawanishi E15K"><i>Shiun</i> (Purple/Violet cloud)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_C6N" title="Nakajima C6N"><i>Saiun</i> (Iridescent cloud)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aichi_E16A" title="Aichi E16A"><i>Zuiun</i> (Auspicious cloud)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yokosuka_R1Y&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yokosuka R1Y (page does not exist)"><i>Seiun</i> (Dawn cloud)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_R2Y" title="Yokosuka R2Y"><i>Keiun</i> (Cirrus cloud)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trainers<sup><small>8</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCcker_B%C3%BC_131_Jungmann" title="Bücker Bü 131 Jungmann"><i>Kouyou</i> (Red leaf)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu_K11W" title="Kyushu K11W"><i>Shiragiku</i> (White chrysanthemum)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transports<sup><small>9</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_H8K" title="Kawanishi H8K"><i>Seiku</i> (Sunny sky)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawanishi_H11K&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawanishi H11K (page does not exist)"><i>Soukuu</i> (Blue sky)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous<sup><small>10</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_J8M" title="Mitsubishi J8M"> <i>Akigusa</i> (Autumn grass)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_J8M" title="Mitsubishi J8M"><i>Shuka</i> (Autumn fire)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nihon_MXJ1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nihon MXJ1 (page does not exist)"><i>Wakakusa</i> (Young grass)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special-purpose aircraft<sup><small>11</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Seiran</i> (Fine weather storm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_MXY-7_Ohka" title="Yokosuka MXY-7 Ohka"><i>Ohka</i> (Sakura cherry blossom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Ki-115" title="Nakajima Ki-115"><i>Toka</i> (Wisteria flower)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>With some exceptions for rockets, jets and repurposed aircraft, names chosen were for: 1. Winds, 2. Lightning, 3. Nighttime lights, 4. Mountains, 5. Stars/constellations, 6. Seas, 7. Clouds, 8. Plants, 9. Skies, 10. Landscapes, and 11. Flowers. Published translations disagree, and many are simplified, especially for plants, where the Japanese referred to a specific variety and the common translations only to the broader type.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403699#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85002539">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007294774405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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