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class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Confederation_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Confederation_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Post-Confederation history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Confederation_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Ethnicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Government and politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events_and_festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events_and_festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Events and festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events_and_festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_and_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_and_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Film and television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_and_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fine_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fine_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Fine arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fine_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-News" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#News"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6.1</span> <span>News</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-News-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6.2</span> <span>Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.7</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.8</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nova Scotia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 128 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-128" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">128 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%96%E1%89%AB_%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%AE%E1%88%BB" title="ኖቫ ስኮሻ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኖቫ ስኮሻ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niwe_Scotland" title="Niwe Scotland – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Niwe Scotland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="نوفا سكوشا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نوفا سكوشا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A2%DC%98%DC%92%DC%90_%DC%A3%DC%A9%DC%98%DC%9B%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܢܘܒܐ ܣܩܘܛܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܢܘܒܐ ܣܩܘܛܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Escocia" title="Nueva Escocia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nueva Escocia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="नोवा स्कॉटिया – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="नोवा स्कॉटिया" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeni_%C5%9Eotlandiya" title="Yeni Şotlandiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yeni Şotlandiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="نووا اسکوشیا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نووا اسکوشیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="নোভা স্কোশিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নোভা স্কোশিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Новая Шатландыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Новая Шатландыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Новая Шатляндыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Новая Шатляндыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="नोवा स्कोशिया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="नोवा स्कोशिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нова Скотия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нова Скотия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_%C5%A0kotska" title="Nova Škotska – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nova Škotska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skos_Nevez" title="Skos Nevez – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Skos Nevez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Шэнэ Шотланд – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Шэнэ Шотланд" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Esc%C3%B2cia" title="Nova Escòcia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nova Escòcia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov%C3%A9_Skotsko" title="Nové Skotsko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nové Skotsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nei-Schottland" title="Nei-Schottland – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Nei-Schottland" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%AD%CE%B1_%CE%A3%CE%BA%CF%89%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Νέα Σκωτία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νέα Σκωτία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Escocia" title="Nueva Escocia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nueva Escocia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov-Skotio" title="Nov-Skotio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nov-Skotio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskozia_Berria" title="Eskozia Berria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eskozia Berria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="نوا اسکوشیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نوا اسکوشیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouvelle-%C3%89cosse" title="Nouvelle-Écosse – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nouvelle-Écosse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nij-Skotl%C3%A2n" title="Nij-Skotlân – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Nij-Skotlân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alba_Nuadh" title="Alba Nuadh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Alba Nuadh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalbin_Noa" title="Nalbin Noa – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Nalbin Noa" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alba_Nuadh" title="Alba Nuadh – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Alba Nuadh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Escocia" title="Nova Escocia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nova Escocia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%B0%94%EC%8A%A4%EC%BD%94%EC%83%A4%EC%A3%BC" title="노바스코샤주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노바스코샤주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%87%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Նոր Շոտլանդիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նոր Շոտլանդիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="नोवा स्कोश्या – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नोवा स्कोश्या" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_%C5%A0kotska" title="Nova Škotska – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nova Škotska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Skotia" title="Nova Skotia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nova Skotia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Ног Шотланди – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ног Шотланди" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BDja-Skotland" title="Nýja-Skotland – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nýja-Skotland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuova_Scozia" title="Nuova Scozia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nuova Scozia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94_%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%94" title="נובה סקוטיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נובה סקוטיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ახალი შოტლანდია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ახალი შოტლანდია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Жаңа Шотландия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жаңа Шотландия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alban_Nowydh" title="Alban Nowydh – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Alban Nowydh" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaunskotija" title="Jaunskotija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jaunskotija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naujoji_%C5%A0kotija" title="Naujoji Škotija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Naujoji Škotija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuva_Scossia" title="Neuva Scossia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Neuva Scossia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Aj-Sk%C3%B3cia" title="Új-Skócia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Új-Skócia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нова Шкотска – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нова Шкотска" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="നോവ സ്കോട്ടിയ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നോവ സ്കോട്ടിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="नोव्हा स्कॉशिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नोव्हा स्कॉशिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ახალი შოტლანდია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ახალი შოტლანდია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%DA%A4%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="نوڤا سكوشا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نوڤا سكوشا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="نوا اسکوشیا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نوا اسکوشیا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Нова Скоша – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нова Скоша" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%97%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="နိုဗာစကိုးရှားပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နိုဗာစကိုးရှားပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%90%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E5%B7%9E" title="ノバスコシア州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ノバスコシア州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B2va_Esc%C3%B2cia" title="Nòva Escòcia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nòva Escòcia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangi_Shotlandiya" title="Yangi Shotlandiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yangi Shotlandiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਨੋਵਾ ਸਕੋਸ਼ੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨੋਵਾ ਸਕੋਸ਼ੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="نووا سکوشیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نووا سکوشیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuva_Sc%C3%B2ssia" title="Neuva Scòssia – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Neuva Scòssia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowa_Szkocja" title="Nowa Szkocja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nowa Szkocja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Esc%C3%B3cia" title="Nova Escócia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nova Escócia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noua_Sco%C8%9Bie" title="Noua Scoție – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Noua Scoție" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia_pruwinsya" title="Nova Scotia pruwinsya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Nova Scotia pruwinsya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нова Шкоция – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Нова Шкоция" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Новая Шотландия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Новая Шотландия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skocia_e_Re" title="Skocia e Re – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Skocia e Re" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F,_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="නෝවා ස්කොටියා, කැනඩාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නෝවා ස්කොටියා, කැනඩාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%AA%D9%88%D9%BD%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="نووا اسڪوٽيا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نووا اسڪوٽيا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov%C3%A9_%C5%A0k%C3%B3tsko_(provincia)" title="Nové Škótsko (provincia) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nové Škótsko (provincia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_%C5%A0kotska" title="Nova Škotska – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nova Škotska" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%86%DA%A4%D8%A7_%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="نۆڤا سکۆشیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نۆڤا سکۆشیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нова Шкотска – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нова Шкотска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_%C5%A0kotska" title="Nova Škotska – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nova Škotska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="நோவா ஸ்கோசியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நோவா ஸ்கோசியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Яңа Шотландия – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Яңа Шотландия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="รัฐโนวาสโกเชีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐโนวาสโกเชีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Шотландияи Нав – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Шотландияи Нав" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeni_%C4%B0sko%C3%A7ya" title="Yeni İskoçya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yeni İskoçya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Нова Шотландія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нова Шотландія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="نووا سکوشیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نووا سکوشیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowa_Skotiye_%C3%96lkisi" title="Nowa Skotiye Ölkisi – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Nowa Skotiye Ölkisi" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nula-Skot%C3%A4n" title="Nula-Skotän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Nula-Skotän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E7%9C%81" title="新蘇格蘭省 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="新蘇格蘭省" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Nova Scotia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E8%88%8D%E7%9C%81" title="新斯科舍省 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="新斯科舍省" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2_%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%A2" title="נאווע סקאשע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="נאווע סקאשע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E8%8F%AF%E6%96%AF%E9%AB%98%E6%B2%99" title="諾華斯高沙 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="諾華斯高沙" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0sko%C3%A7ya_Newiye" title="İskoçya Newiye – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İskoçya Newiye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naujuoj%C4%97_%C5%A0kuot%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Naujuojė Škuotėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nova_Scotia&params=45_N_63_W_type:adm1st_scale:30000000_region:CA-NS"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°N</span> <span class="longitude">63°W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45°N 63°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45; -63</span></span></span></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Province of Canada</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the province in Canada. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Nova Scotia (disambiguation)">Nova Scotia (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Province in Canada</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Nova Scotia</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Nouvelle-Écosse</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Alba Nuadh</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Province</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Nova Scotia"><img alt="Flag of Nova Scotia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg/125px-Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg/188px-Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg/250px-Flag_of_Nova_Scotia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Flag of Nova Scotia">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Nova_Scotia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Nova Scotia"><img alt="Coat of arms of Nova Scotia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Coat_of_arms_of_Nova_Scotia.svg/64px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nova_Scotia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Coat_of_arms_of_Nova_Scotia.svg/97px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nova_Scotia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Coat_of_arms_of_Nova_Scotia.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nova_Scotia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="678" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Coat of arms of Nova Scotia">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Munit Hæc et Altera Vincit</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)</span><br />"One defends and the other conquers"</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"> <div class="" style="width:300px"><div style="position: relative; width:300px;"> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 7.9%; top: 59.4%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">BC</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 18.4%; top: 62.2%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">AB</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 27.8%; top: 67%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">SK</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 37.6%; top: 68%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">MB</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 50%; top: 71.9%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">ON</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 68.6%; top: 68%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">QC</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 79.6%; top: 76%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">NB</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 83.9%; top: 70.8%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">PE</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 86.8%; top: 77%; padding: 0;"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">NS</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 90.4%; top: 62.7%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 8%; top: 32.5%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">YT</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 21.4%; top: 40.2%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">NT</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 39.3%; top: 42.9%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">NU</a></b></div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nova_Scotia_in_Canada_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Canadian Provinces and Territories"><img alt="Canadian Provinces and Territories" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Nova_Scotia_in_Canada_2.svg/300px-Nova_Scotia_in_Canada_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Nova_Scotia_in_Canada_2.svg/450px-Nova_Scotia_in_Canada_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Nova_Scotia_in_Canada_2.svg/600px-Nova_Scotia_in_Canada_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="942" /></a></span></div></div> </div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nova_Scotia&params=45_N_63_W_type:adm1st_scale:30000000_region:CA-NS"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°N</span> <span class="longitude">63°W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45°N 63°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45; -63</span></span></span></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Confederation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1 July 1867 (1st, with <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(and largest city)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest metro</th><td class="infobox-data">Halifax</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">Parliamentary</a> <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span class="nowrap">Lieutenant Governor</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Savage_(politician)" title="Michael Savage (politician)">Mike Savage</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Premier</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Houston" title="Tim Houston">Tim Houston</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_House_of_Assembly" title="Nova Scotia House of Assembly">Nova Scotia House of Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Federal representation</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House seats</a></th><td class="infobox-data">11 of 338 (3.3%)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senate seats</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nova_Scotia_senators" title="List of Nova Scotia senators">10 of 105</a> (9.5%)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">55,284 km<sup>2</sup> (21,345 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">52,942 km<sup>2</sup> (20,441 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">2,342 km<sup>2</sup> (904 sq mi)  4.2%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">12th</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> </th><td class="infobox-data">0.6% of Canada</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_census" title="2021 Canadian census">2021</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">969,383<sup id="cite_ref-StatCan2021_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StatCan2021-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(Q4 2024)</div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,079,676<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">7th</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">18.31/km<sup>2</sup> (47.4/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Nova Scotian, Bluenoser <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">Canadian English</a> (<i>de jure</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><b>First Language</b>: <a href="/wiki/Mi%27kmaq_language" title="Mi'kmaq language">Mi'kmawi'simk</a><sup id="cite_ref-FirstLang_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FirstLang-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LangAct_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LangAct-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p><b>Recognized Regional Languages:</b> </p> <a href="/wiki/Canadian_French" title="Canadian French">Canadian French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Gaelic" title="Canadian Gaelic">Canadian Gaelic</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">7th</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total (2020)</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space: nowrap">CA$46.849</span> billion<sup id="cite_ref-GDP2020_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP2020-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space: nowrap">CA$52,390</span> (12th)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • HDI (2019)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.903<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> — <span style="color:#090">Very high</span> (11th)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Canada" title="Time in Canada">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC-04:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-04:00">UTC-04:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Time_Zone" title="Atlantic Time Zone">Atlantic</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC-03:00" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-03:00">UTC-03:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Daylight Time">ADT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_postal_abbreviations_for_provinces_and_territories" title="Canadian postal abbreviations for provinces and territories">Canadian postal abbr.</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">NS</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code prefix</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a href="/wiki/List_of_B_postal_codes_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of B postal codes of Canada">B</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:CA" title="ISO 3166-2:CA">CA-NS</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Flower</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Epigaea_repens" title="Epigaea repens">Mayflower</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tree</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Picea_rubens" title="Picea rubens">Red spruce</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bird</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Osprey" title="Osprey">Osprey</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">Rankings include all <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">provinces and territories</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nova Scotia</b><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, located on its east coast. It is one of the three <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime Canada">Maritime provinces</a> and <a href="/wiki/Population_of_Canada_by_province_and_territory" title="Population of Canada by province and territory">most populous province</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a>, with an estimated population of over 1 million as of 2024; it is also the second-most densely populated province in Canada, and second-smallest province by area.<sup id="cite_ref-2016census_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016census-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The province comprises the <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_peninsula" title="Nova Scotia peninsula">Nova Scotia peninsula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Cape Breton Island</a>, as well as 3,800 other coastal islands. The province is connected to the rest of Canada by the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Chignecto" title="Isthmus of Chignecto">Isthmus of Chignecto</a>, on which the province's land border with <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> is located. </p><p>Nova Scotia's <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> and largest municipality is <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax</a>, which is home to over 45% of the province's population as of the <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_census" title="2021 Canadian census">2021 census</a>. Halifax is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_census_metropolitan_areas_and_agglomerations_in_Canada" title="List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada">twelfth-largest</a> census metropolitan area in Canada,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the largest municipality in <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a>, and Canada's second-largest coastal municipality after <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>. </p><p>The land that makes up what is now Nova Scotia was inhabited by the <a href="/wiki/Mi%27kmaq" title="Mi'kmaq">Miꞌkmaq</a> people at the time of European colonization. In 1605, <a href="/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia</a>—France's first <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a> colony—was founded with the creation of Acadia's capital, <a href="/wiki/Port-Royal_(Acadia)" title="Port-Royal (Acadia)">Port Royal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton1999_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton1999-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Scots, English, then British, fought France for the territory on numerous occasions for over a century afterwards, having gained it from them in the 1713 <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Utrecht" title="Peace of Utrecht">Peace of Utrecht</a>, which ended the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a>. In subsequent years, the British began settling "<a href="/wiki/Foreign_Protestants" title="Foreign Protestants">foreign Protestants</a>" in the region and <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Acadians" title="Expulsion of the Acadians">deported the French-speaking Acadians en masse</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> (1775–1783), thousands of <a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalists</a> settled in Nova Scotia. </p><p>In 1848, Nova Scotia became the first British colony to achieve <a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">responsible government</a>. In July 1867, Nova Scotia <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">joined in Confederation</a> with New Brunswick and the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canada" title="Province of Canada">Province of Canada</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>), forming the Dominion of Canada. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Etymology_of_Scotland" title="Etymology of Scotland">Etymology of Scotland</a></div> <p>"<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Nova Scotia</i></span>" is <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> for "New <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is the recognized <a href="/wiki/Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">Canadian English</a> name for the province. In both <a href="/wiki/Canadian_French" title="Canadian French">Canadian French</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Gaelic" title="Canadian Gaelic">Canadian Gaelic</a>, the province is directly translated as "New Scotland" (French: <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Nouvelle-Écosse</i></span></i>. Canadian Gaelic: <i><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Alba Nuadh</i></span></i>). In general, <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a> languages use <i><a href="/wiki/Translations" class="mw-redirect" title="Translations">translations</a></i> of "New Scotland" to their language, while most other languages use <i><a href="/wiki/Transliterations" class="mw-redirect" title="Transliterations">transliterations</a></i> of the Latin (which is the same as English) name. </p><p>The province was first named in the 1621 Royal Charter granting to <a href="/wiki/William_Alexander,_1st_Earl_of_Stirling" title="William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling">Sir William Alexander</a> the right to settle lands as a <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scottish</a> colony, including modern Nova Scotia, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Cape Breton Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gasp%C3%A9_Peninsula" title="Gaspé Peninsula">Gaspé Peninsula</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-royalcharter_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royalcharter-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Nova_Scotia" title="History of Nova Scotia">History of Nova Scotia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Military history of Nova Scotia">Military history of Nova Scotia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Nova_Scotia#History" title="Monarchy in Nova Scotia">Monarchy in Nova Scotia § History</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Nova_Scotia" title="Special:EditPage/Nova Scotia">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Nova+Scotia%22">"Nova Scotia"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Nova+Scotia%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Nova+Scotia%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Nova+Scotia%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Nova+Scotia%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Nova+Scotia%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mi%27kmaq_people_at_Tufts_Cove,_Nova_Scotia,_Canada,_ca._1871.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Mi%27kmaq_people_at_Tufts_Cove%2C_Nova_Scotia%2C_Canada%2C_ca._1871.jpg/220px-Mi%27kmaq_people_at_Tufts_Cove%2C_Nova_Scotia%2C_Canada%2C_ca._1871.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Mi%27kmaq_people_at_Tufts_Cove%2C_Nova_Scotia%2C_Canada%2C_ca._1871.jpg/330px-Mi%27kmaq_people_at_Tufts_Cove%2C_Nova_Scotia%2C_Canada%2C_ca._1871.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Mi%27kmaq_people_at_Tufts_Cove%2C_Nova_Scotia%2C_Canada%2C_ca._1871.jpg/440px-Mi%27kmaq_people_at_Tufts_Cove%2C_Nova_Scotia%2C_Canada%2C_ca._1871.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2945" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mi%27kmaq" title="Mi'kmaq">Mi'kmaq</a> family in <a href="/wiki/Tuft%27s_Cove,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuft's Cove, Nova Scotia">Tuft's Cove</a>, 1871. The Mi'kmaq inhabited Nova Scotia when the first Europeans arrived.</figcaption></figure> <p>The province includes regions of the <a href="/wiki/Mi%27kmaq" title="Mi'kmaq">Mi'kmaq</a> nation of <a href="/wiki/Mi%EA%9E%8Ckma%EA%9E%8Cki" class="mw-redirect" title="Miꞌkmaꞌki">Mi'kma'ki</a> (<i><span title="Mi'kmaq-language text"><i lang="mic">mi'gama'gi</i></span></i>), the territory of which extends across the Maritimes, parts of <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gasp%C3%A9_Peninsula" title="Gaspé Peninsula">Gaspé Peninsula</a>. The Mi'kmaq people are part of the large <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian-language</a> family and inhabited Nova Scotia at the time the first European colonists arrived.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research published in 1871 as well as S. T. Rand's work from 1894 showed that some Mi’kmaq believed they had emigrated from the west, and then lived alongside the Kwēdĕchk, the original inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-Elder_1871_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elder_1871-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rand_1894_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rand_1894-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two tribes engaged in a war that lasted "many years", and involved the "slaughter of men, women, and children, and torture of captives", and the eventual displacement of the Kwēdĕchk by the victorious Mi’kmaq.<sup id="cite_ref-Elder_1871_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elder_1871-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_settlement">European settlement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: European settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first Europeans to settle the area were the French, who sailed into the Annapolis Basin in 1604, but chose to settle at <a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix_Island,_Maine" title="Saint Croix Island, Maine">Saint Croix Island</a> in Maine instead. They abandoned the Maine settlement the following year and, in 1605, established a settlement at <a href="/wiki/Port-Royal_(Acadia)" title="Port-Royal (Acadia)">Port Royal</a>, which grew into modern-day <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Royal" title="Annapolis Royal">Annapolis Royal</a>. This would be the first permanent European settlement in what would later become Canada. The settlement was in the Mi'kmaw district of Kespukwitk and was the founding settlement of what would become <a href="/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton1999_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton1999-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the next 150 years, Mi'kmaq and Acadians would form the majority of the population of the region. </p><p>In 1621, King <a href="/wiki/James_VI_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="James VI of Scotland">James VI of Scotland</a> granted a charter to allow for a Scottish colony to be founded in North America. The charter which was granted by the King covered the area of the <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime Provinces">Maritime Provinces</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gasp%C3%A9_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaspé peninsula">Gaspé peninsula</a>, whilst the French had claimed territory in <a href="/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia</a>. The charter granted <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Alexander" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir William Alexander">Sir William Alexander</a>, a Scottish noble, powers to establish a system of government, full rights over fishing and minerals and the power to execute law in the new colony. A Scottish colony was eventually established in 1629 following the arrival of around seventy Scots to settle in the area known as "New Scotland".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "New Scotland" was captured by the French in 1632, with the Scots who had colonised the area forced to return to Scotland after the French occupation. Following a prolonged period of change between the French and British, Nova Scotia eventually returned to the British (which by now included Scotland as one of the <a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">countries of the United Kingdom</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Union" title="Treaty of Union">Treaty of Union</a>). As a result, many Scots grasped the opportunity to once again settle in Nova Scotia.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warfare was common in Nova Scotia during the 17th and 18th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the first 80 years the French and Acadians lived in Nova Scotia, nine significant military clashes took place as the English, Dutch, French and Mi'kmaq fought for possession of the area. These encounters happened at Port Royal, <a href="/wiki/Saint_John,_New_Brunswick" title="Saint John, New Brunswick">Saint John</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cap de Sable (present-day <a href="/wiki/Pubnico_(village),_Nova_Scotia" title="Pubnico (village), Nova Scotia">Pubnico</a> to <a href="/wiki/Port_La_Tour,_Nova_Scotia" title="Port La Tour, Nova Scotia">Port La Tour, Nova Scotia</a>), <a href="/wiki/Jemseg,_New_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="Jemseg, New Brunswick">Jemseg</a> (1674 and 1758) and <a href="/wiki/Baleine,_Nova_Scotia" title="Baleine, Nova Scotia">Baleine</a> (1629). The <a href="/wiki/Acadian_Civil_War" title="Acadian Civil War">Acadian Civil War</a> took place from 1640 to 1645. Beginning with <a href="/wiki/King_William%27s_War" title="King William's War">King William's War</a> in 1688, a series of six wars <a href="/wiki/Second_Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Second Hundred Years' War">took place between the English and the French</a>, with Nova Scotia being a consistent theatre of conflict between the two powers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="18th_century">18th century</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 18th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EvacutionOfPortRoyal1710byCWJefferys.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/EvacutionOfPortRoyal1710byCWJefferys.png/220px-EvacutionOfPortRoyal1710byCWJefferys.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/EvacutionOfPortRoyal1710byCWJefferys.png/330px-EvacutionOfPortRoyal1710byCWJefferys.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/EvacutionOfPortRoyal1710byCWJefferys.png 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="281" /></a><figcaption>French forces withdrawing from <a href="/wiki/Port-Royal_(Acadia)" title="Port-Royal (Acadia)">Port-Royal</a> after being <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Port_Royal_(1710)" title="Siege of Port Royal (1710)">defeated</a> by the British in 1710</figcaption></figure> <p>Hostilities between England and France in North America resumed from 1702 to 1713, known as <a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_War" title="Queen Anne's War">Queen Anne's War</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Port_Royal_(1710)" title="Siege of Port Royal (1710)">siege of Port Royal</a> took place in 1710, ending French rule in peninsular Acadia. The subsequent signing of the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Utrecht" title="Peace of Utrecht">Treaty of Utrecht</a> in 1713 formally recognized British rule in the region, while returning Cape Breton Island (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Île Royale</i></span>) and Prince Edward Island (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Île Saint-Jean</i></span>) to the French. Despite the British <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Port_Royal_(1710)" title="Siege of Port Royal (1710)">conquest of Acadia</a> in 1710, Nova Scotia remained primarily occupied by Catholic Acadians and Mi'kmaq, who confined British forces to Annapolis and to Canso. Present-day New Brunswick formed a part of the French colony of Acadia. Immediately after the capture of Port Royal in 1710, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Nicholson" title="Francis Nicholson">Francis Nicholson</a> announced it would be renamed <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Royal" title="Annapolis Royal">Annapolis Royal</a> in honour of <a href="/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain" title="Anne, Queen of Great Britain">Queen Anne</a>. </p><p>As a result of <a href="/wiki/Dummer%27s_War" title="Dummer's War">Father Rale's War</a> (1722–1725), the Mi'kmaq signed a series of treaties with the British in 1725. The Mi'kmaq signed a treaty of submission to the British crown.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, conflict between the Acadians, Mi'kmaq, French and the British persisted in the following decades with <a href="/wiki/King_George%27s_War" title="King George's War">King George's War</a> (1744–1748). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Father_Le_Loutre%27s_War" title="Father Le Loutre's War">Father Le Loutre's War</a> (1749–1755) began when <a href="/wiki/Edward_Cornwallis" title="Edward Cornwallis">Edward Cornwallis</a> arrived to establish <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax</a> with 13 transports on 21 June 1749.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A General Court, made up of the governor and the council, was the highest court in the colony at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-nscourts_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nscourts-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Belcher_(jurist)" title="Jonathan Belcher (jurist)">Jonathan Belcher</a> was sworn in as chief justice of the Nova Scotia Supreme Court on 21 October 1754.<sup id="cite_ref-nscourts_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nscourts-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first legislative assembly in Halifax, under the Governorship of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lawrence_(British_Army_officer)" title="Charles Lawrence (British Army officer)">Charles Lawrence</a>, met on 2 October 1758.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> of 1754–1763 (the North American theatre of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>), the British <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Acadians" title="Expulsion of the Acadians">deported the Acadians</a> and recruited <a href="/wiki/New_England_Planters" title="New England Planters">New England Planters</a> to resettle the colony. The 75-year period of war ended with the <a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Friendship_Treaties" title="Peace and Friendship Treaties">Halifax Treaties</a> between the British and the Mi'kmaq (1761). After the war, some Acadians were allowed to return. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deportation_Grand-Pr%C3%A9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Deportation_Grand-Pr%C3%A9.jpg/300px-Deportation_Grand-Pr%C3%A9.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Deportation_Grand-Pr%C3%A9.jpg/450px-Deportation_Grand-Pr%C3%A9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Deportation_Grand-Pr%C3%A9.jpg/600px-Deportation_Grand-Pr%C3%A9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="753" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Acadians" title="Expulsion of the Acadians">Expulsion of the Acadians</a> in <a href="/wiki/Grand-Pr%C3%A9,_Nova_Scotia" title="Grand-Pré, Nova Scotia">Grand-Pré</a>. More than 80 per cent of the Acadian population was expelled from the region between 1755 and 1764.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1763, most of Acadia (Cape Breton Island, St. John's Island (now Prince Edward Island), and New Brunswick) became part of Nova Scotia. In 1765, the county of <a href="/wiki/Sunbury_County,_Nova_Scotia" title="Sunbury County, Nova Scotia">Sunbury</a> was created. This included the territory of present-day New Brunswick and eastern Maine as far as the <a href="/wiki/Penobscot_River" title="Penobscot River">Penobscot River</a>. In 1769, St. John's Island became a separate colony.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> (1775–1783) had a significant impact on shaping Nova Scotia, with the colony initially displaying ambivalence over whether the colony should join the revolution; Rebellion flared at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Cumberland_(1776)" title="Battle of Fort Cumberland (1776)">Battle of Fort Cumberland (1776)</a> and at the <a href="/wiki/St._John_River_expedition" title="St. John River expedition">Siege of Saint John (1777)</a>. Throughout the war, American <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateers</a> devastated the maritime economy by capturing ships and looting almost every community outside of Halifax. These American raids alienated many sympathetic or neutral Nova Scotians into supporting the British. By the end of the war, Nova Scotia had outfitted numerous privateers to attack American shipping.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>British military forces based at Halifax succeeded in preventing an American occupation of Nova Scotia, though the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> failed to establish naval supremacy in the region. While the British captured many American privateers in battles such as the <a href="/wiki/Battle_off_Halifax_(1782)" title="Battle off Halifax (1782)">Naval battle off Halifax</a> (1782), many more continued attacks on shipping and settlements until the final months of the war. The Royal Navy struggled to maintain British supply lines, defending British convoys from American and French attacks as in the fiercely fought convoy battle, the <a href="/wiki/Action_of_21_July_1781" title="Action of 21 July 1781">Naval battle off Cape Breton</a> (1781). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AricanNovaScotianByCaptain_William_Booth1788.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/AricanNovaScotianByCaptain_William_Booth1788.png/220px-AricanNovaScotianByCaptain_William_Booth1788.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/AricanNovaScotianByCaptain_William_Booth1788.png/330px-AricanNovaScotianByCaptain_William_Booth1788.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/AricanNovaScotianByCaptain_William_Booth1788.png/440px-AricanNovaScotianByCaptain_William_Booth1788.png 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="494" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Black_Loyalist" title="Black Loyalist">Black Loyalist</a> wood cutter, at <a href="/wiki/Shelburne,_Nova_Scotia" title="Shelburne, Nova Scotia">Shelburne, Nova Scotia</a>, in 1788</figcaption></figure> <p>After the Americans and their French allies won at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown" title="Siege of Yorktown">siege of Yorktown</a> in 1781, approximately 33,000 <a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalists</a> (the King's Loyal Americans, allowed to place "<a href="/wiki/United_Empire_Loyalist" title="United Empire Loyalist">United Empire Loyalist</a>" after their names) settled in Nova Scotia (14,000 of them in what became New Brunswick) on lands granted by the Crown as some compensation for their losses. (The British administration divided Nova Scotia and hived off Cape Breton and New Brunswick in 1784.) The Loyalist exodus created new communities across Nova Scotia, including <a href="/wiki/Shelburne,_Nova_Scotia" title="Shelburne, Nova Scotia">Shelburne</a>, which briefly became one of the larger British settlements in North America, and infused Nova Scotia with additional capital and skills. </p><p>The migration caused political tensions between Loyalist leaders and the leaders of the existing New England Planters settlement. The Loyalist influx also pushed Nova Scotia's 2000 Mi'kmaq People to the margins as Loyalist land grants encroached on ill-defined native lands. As part of the Loyalist migration, about 3,000 <a href="/wiki/Black_Loyalist" title="Black Loyalist">Black Loyalists</a> arrived; they founded the largest free Black settlement in North America at <a href="/wiki/Birchtown,_Nova_Scotia" title="Birchtown, Nova Scotia">Birchtown</a>, near Shelburne. There are several Black Loyalists buried in unmarked graves in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Burying_Ground_(Halifax,_Nova_Scotia)" title="Old Burying Ground (Halifax, Nova Scotia)">Old Burying Ground</a> in Halifax. Many Nova Scotian communities were <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_in_the_American_Revolution#Loyalist_settlements" title="Nova Scotia in the American Revolution">settled by British regiments that fought in the war</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="19th_century">19th century</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Christian_Schetky,_H.M.S._Shannon_Leading_Her_Prize_the_American_Frigate_Chesapeake_into_Halifax_Harbour_(c._1830).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/John_Christian_Schetky%2C_H.M.S._Shannon_Leading_Her_Prize_the_American_Frigate_Chesapeake_into_Halifax_Harbour_%28c._1830%29.jpg/220px-John_Christian_Schetky%2C_H.M.S._Shannon_Leading_Her_Prize_the_American_Frigate_Chesapeake_into_Halifax_Harbour_%28c._1830%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/John_Christian_Schetky%2C_H.M.S._Shannon_Leading_Her_Prize_the_American_Frigate_Chesapeake_into_Halifax_Harbour_%28c._1830%29.jpg/330px-John_Christian_Schetky%2C_H.M.S._Shannon_Leading_Her_Prize_the_American_Frigate_Chesapeake_into_Halifax_Harbour_%28c._1830%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/John_Christian_Schetky%2C_H.M.S._Shannon_Leading_Her_Prize_the_American_Frigate_Chesapeake_into_Halifax_Harbour_%28c._1830%29.jpg/440px-John_Christian_Schetky%2C_H.M.S._Shannon_Leading_Her_Prize_the_American_Frigate_Chesapeake_into_Halifax_Harbour_%28c._1830%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1213" data-file-height="863" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HMS_Shannon_(1806)" title="HMS Shannon (1806)">HMS <i>Shannon</i></a> leading the <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_USS_Chesapeake" title="Capture of USS Chesapeake">captured</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_Chesapeake_(1799)" title="USS Chesapeake (1799)">USS <i>Chesapeake</i></a> into <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax</a> during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, Nova Scotia's contribution to the British war effort involved communities either purchasing or building various privateer ships to attack U.S. vessels.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perhaps the most dramatic moment in the war for Nova Scotia occurred when <a href="/wiki/HMS_Shannon_(1806)" title="HMS Shannon (1806)">HMS <i>Shannon</i></a> escorted the captured American frigate <a href="/wiki/USS_Chesapeake_(1799)" title="USS Chesapeake (1799)">USS <i>Chesapeake</i></a> into <a href="/wiki/Halifax_Harbour" title="Halifax Harbour">Halifax Harbour</a> in 1813. Many of the U.S. prisoners were kept at <a href="/wiki/Deadman%27s_Island_(Nova_Scotia)" title="Deadman's Island (Nova Scotia)">Deadman's Island</a>. </p><p>Nova Scotia became the first colony in <a href="/wiki/British_North_America" title="British North America">British North America</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> to achieve <a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">responsible government</a> in January–February 1848 and become <a href="/wiki/Self-governing_colony" title="Self-governing colony">self-governing</a> through the efforts of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Howe" title="Joseph Howe">Joseph Howe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nova Scotia had established <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">representative government</a> in 1758, an achievement later commemorated by the erection of <a href="/wiki/Sir_Sandford_Fleming_Park" title="Sir Sandford Fleming Park">Dingle Tower</a> in 1908. </p><p>Nova Scotians fought in the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> of 1853–1856.<sup id="cite_ref-MagocsiOntario1999poiujm_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MagocsiOntario1999poiujm-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1860 <a href="/wiki/Sebastopol_Monument" title="Sebastopol Monument">Welsford-Parker Monument</a> in Halifax is the second-oldest war monument in Canada and the only Crimean War monument in North America. It commemorates the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1854%E2%80%931855)" title="Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)">1854–55 Siege of Sevastopol</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inauguration_of_the_Welsford-Parker_Monument,_Halifax,_Nova_Scotia,_Canada,_17_July_1860_-_restored.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Inauguration_of_the_Welsford-Parker_Monument%2C_Halifax%2C_Nova_Scotia%2C_Canada%2C_17_July_1860_-_restored.jpg/220px-Inauguration_of_the_Welsford-Parker_Monument%2C_Halifax%2C_Nova_Scotia%2C_Canada%2C_17_July_1860_-_restored.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Inauguration_of_the_Welsford-Parker_Monument%2C_Halifax%2C_Nova_Scotia%2C_Canada%2C_17_July_1860_-_restored.jpg/330px-Inauguration_of_the_Welsford-Parker_Monument%2C_Halifax%2C_Nova_Scotia%2C_Canada%2C_17_July_1860_-_restored.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Inauguration_of_the_Welsford-Parker_Monument%2C_Halifax%2C_Nova_Scotia%2C_Canada%2C_17_July_1860_-_restored.jpg/440px-Inauguration_of_the_Welsford-Parker_Monument%2C_Halifax%2C_Nova_Scotia%2C_Canada%2C_17_July_1860_-_restored.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3019" data-file-height="2106" /></a><figcaption>Inauguration of the <a href="/wiki/Sebastopol_Monument" title="Sebastopol Monument">Sebastopol Monument</a> in 1860. The monument was built to honour Nova Scotians who fought in the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Thousands of Nova Scotians fought in the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> (1861–1865), primarily on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">North</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marquis,_Greg_1998_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marquis,_Greg_1998-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British Empire (including Nova Scotia) <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/British_proclamation_of_neutrality_in_the_American_Civil_War" class="extiw" title="s:British proclamation of neutrality in the American Civil War">declared itself neutral</a> in the conflict. As a result, Britain (and Nova Scotia) continued to trade with both the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">South</a> and the North. Nova Scotia's economy boomed during the Civil War. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Confederation_history">Post-Confederation history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Post-Confederation history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bluenose_sailing_1921.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Bluenose_sailing_1921.jpg/220px-Bluenose_sailing_1921.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Bluenose_sailing_1921.jpg/330px-Bluenose_sailing_1921.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Bluenose_sailing_1921.jpg/440px-Bluenose_sailing_1921.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="444" /></a><figcaption>The <i><a href="/wiki/Bluenose" title="Bluenose">Bluenose</a></i> in 1921. The racing ship became a provincial icon for Nova Scotia in the 1920s and 1930s.</figcaption></figure> <p>Soon after the American Civil War, Pro-Canadian Confederation <a href="/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_Nova_Scotia" title="List of premiers of Nova Scotia">premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Tupper" title="Charles Tupper">Charles Tupper</a> led Nova Scotia into <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Canadian Confederation</a> on 1 July 1867, along with New Brunswick and the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canada" title="Province of Canada">Province of Canada</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Anti-Confederation_Party" title="Anti-Confederation Party">Anti-Confederation Party</a> was led by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Howe" title="Joseph Howe">Joseph Howe</a>. Almost three months later, in the election of 18 September 1867, the Anti-Confederation Party won 18 out of 19 federal seats, and 36 out of 38 seats in the provincial legislature. </p><p>Throughout the 19th century, numerous businesses developed in Nova Scotia became of pan-Canadian and international importance: the Starr Manufacturing Company (first ice skate manufacturer in Canada), the <a href="/wiki/Scotiabank" title="Scotiabank">Bank of Nova Scotia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cunard_Line" title="Cunard Line">Cunard Line</a>, Alexander Keith's Brewery, Morse's Tea Company (first tea company in Canada), among others. </p><p>Nova Scotia became a world leader in both building and owning wooden sailing ships in the second half of the 19th century. Nova Scotia produced internationally recognized shipbuilders <a href="/wiki/Donald_McKay" title="Donald McKay">Donald McKay</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Dawson_Lawrence" title="William Dawson Lawrence">William Dawson Lawrence</a>. The fame Nova Scotia achieved from sailors was assured in 1895 when <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Slocum" title="Joshua Slocum">Joshua Slocum</a> became the first man to sail single-handedly around the world. International attention continued into the following century with the many racing victories of the <i><a href="/wiki/Bluenose" title="Bluenose">Bluenose</a></i> schooner. Nova Scotia was also the birthplace and home of <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Cunard" title="Samuel Cunard">Samuel Cunard</a>, a <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">British</a> shipping magnate (born at <a href="/wiki/Halifax_(former_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Halifax (former city)">Halifax</a>, Nova Scotia) who founded the Cunard Line. </p><p>In December 1917, about 2,000 people were killed in the <a href="/wiki/Halifax_Explosion" title="Halifax Explosion">Halifax Explosion</a>. </p><p>In April 2004, the Nova Scotia legislature adopted a resolution explicitly inviting the government of the <a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a> to explore the possibility of joining <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> as part of that <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2020, <a href="/wiki/2020_Nova_Scotia_attacks" title="2020 Nova Scotia attacks">a killing spree</a> occurred across the province and became the deadliest rampage in Canada's history.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Geography of Nova Scotia">Geography of Nova Scotia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_provincial_parks_in_Nova_Scotia" title="List of provincial parks in Nova Scotia">List of provincial parks in Nova Scotia</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Nova_Scotia" title="List of protected areas of Nova Scotia">List of protected areas of Nova Scotia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Novascotia_topo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Novascotia_topo.png/220px-Novascotia_topo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Novascotia_topo.png/330px-Novascotia_topo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Novascotia_topo.png/440px-Novascotia_topo.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1596" /></a><figcaption>Topographic map of Nova Scotia</figcaption></figure> <p>Nova Scotia is Canada's second-smallest province in area, after <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a>. It is surrounded by four major bodies of water: the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Saint_Lawrence" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf of Saint Lawrence">Gulf of Saint Lawrence</a> to the north, the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Fundy" title="Bay of Fundy">Bay of Fundy</a> to the west, the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Maine" title="Gulf of Maine">Gulf of Maine</a> to the southwest, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east.<sup id="cite_ref-ECclimate_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECclimate-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The province's mainland is the <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_peninsula" title="Nova Scotia peninsula">Nova Scotia peninsula</a> and includes numerous bays and estuaries. Nowhere in Nova Scotia is more than 67 km (42 mi) from the ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Cape Breton Island</a>, a large island to the northeast of the Nova Scotia mainland, is also part of the province, as is <a href="/wiki/Sable_Island" title="Sable Island">Sable Island</a>, a small island notorious for being the site of offshore shipwrecks,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> approximately 175 km (110 mi) from the province's southern coast. </p><p>Nova Scotia has many ancient fossil-bearing rock formations. These formations are particularly rich on the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Fundy" title="Bay of Fundy">Bay of Fundy</a>'s shores. <a href="/wiki/Blue_Beach" title="Blue Beach">Blue Beach</a> near <a href="/wiki/Hantsport" title="Hantsport">Hantsport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joggins_Fossil_Cliffs" class="mw-redirect" title="Joggins Fossil Cliffs">Joggins Fossil Cliffs</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Fundy" title="Bay of Fundy">Bay of Fundy</a>'s shores, has yielded an abundance of <a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">Carboniferous</a>-age fossils. Wasson's Bluff, near the town of <a href="/wiki/Parrsboro" title="Parrsboro">Parrsboro</a>, has yielded both <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a>- and <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a>-age fossils. The highest point is <a href="/wiki/White_Hill_(Nova_Scotia)" title="White Hill (Nova Scotia)">White Hill</a> at 533 m (1,749 ft) above sea level, situated amongst the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Highlands" title="Cape Breton Highlands">Cape Breton Highlands</a> in the far north of the province. </p><p>Nova Scotia is located along the <a href="/wiki/45th_parallel_north" title="45th parallel north">45th parallel north</a>, so it is midway between the <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">Equator</a> and the <a href="/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">North Pole</a>. The province contains 5,400 lakes.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Climate of Nova Scotia">Climate of Nova Scotia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nova_Scotia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Nova_Scotia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/220px-Nova_Scotia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Nova_Scotia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/330px-Nova_Scotia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Nova_Scotia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/440px-Nova_Scotia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="945" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate types</a> of Nova Scotia</figcaption></figure> <p>Nova Scotia lies in the mid-temperate zone and, although the province is almost surrounded by water, the climate is closer to <a href="/wiki/Continental_climate" title="Continental climate">continental climate</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">maritime</a>. The winter and summer temperature extremes of the continental climate are moderated by the ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-ECclimate_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECclimate-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, winters are cold enough to be classified as continental—still being nearer the freezing point than inland areas to the west. The Nova Scotian climate is in many ways similar to the central <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a> coast in Northern Europe, only wetter and snowier. This is true although Nova Scotia is some fifteen parallels further south. Areas not on the Atlantic coast experience warmer summers more typical of inland areas, and winter lows are a little colder. On 12 August 2020, the community of Grand Étang, famous for its <a href="/wiki/Suetes" title="Suetes">Les Suêtes</a> winds, recorded a balmy overnight low of 23.3 °C (73.9 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"> <caption>Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected locations in Nova Scotia<sup id="cite_ref-Canadian_Climate_Normals_1981-2010_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canadian_Climate_Normals_1981-2010-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Location </th> <th>July (°C) </th> <th>July (°F) </th> <th>January (°C) </th> <th>January (°F) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax</a></td> <td>23/14</td> <td>73/58</td> <td>0/−8</td> <td>32/17 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sydney,_Nova_Scotia" title="Sydney, Nova Scotia">Sydney</a></td> <td>23/12</td> <td>73/54</td> <td>−1/−9</td> <td>30/14 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kentville,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentville, Nova Scotia">Kentville</a></td> <td>25/14</td> <td>78/57</td> <td>−1/−10</td> <td>29/14 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Truro,_Nova_Scotia" title="Truro, Nova Scotia">Truro</a></td> <td>24/13</td> <td>75/55</td> <td>−1/−12</td> <td>29/9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Liverpool,_Nova_Scotia" title="Liverpool, Nova Scotia">Liverpool</a></td> <td>25/14</td> <td>77/57</td> <td>0/–9</td> <td>32/15 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shelburne,_Nova_Scotia" title="Shelburne, Nova Scotia">Shelburne</a></td> <td>23/12</td> <td>73/54</td> <td>1/−8</td> <td>33/17 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yarmouth,_Nova_Scotia" title="Yarmouth, Nova Scotia">Yarmouth</a></td> <td>21/12</td> <td>69/55</td> <td>1/−7</td> <td>33/19 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Demographics of Nova Scotia">Demographics of Nova Scotia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on <a class="external text" href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/charts/">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Chart" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Chart">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_Nova_Scotia_Density_2016.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Canada_Nova_Scotia_Density_2016.png/220px-Canada_Nova_Scotia_Density_2016.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Canada_Nova_Scotia_Density_2016.png/330px-Canada_Nova_Scotia_Density_2016.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Canada_Nova_Scotia_Density_2016.png/440px-Canada_Nova_Scotia_Density_2016.png 2x" data-file-width="6115" data-file-height="4921" /></a><figcaption>Population density map of Nova Scotia (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2016) with county and regional municipality borders shown.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ethnicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Nova_Scotia#Ethnic_Origin" title="Demographics of Nova Scotia">Demographics of Nova Scotia § Ethnic Origin</a></div> <p>According to the 2016 Canadian census<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the largest ethnic group in Nova Scotia is <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a> (30.0%), followed by English (28.9%), Irish (21.6%), French (16.5%), German (10.7%), First Nations (5.4%), Dutch (3.5%), Métis (2.9%), and Acadian (2.6%). 42.6% of respondents identified their ethnicity as "<a href="/wiki/Canadian_ethnicity" title="Canadian ethnicity">Canadian</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Nova_Scotia#Languages" title="Demographics of Nova Scotia">Demographics of Nova Scotia § Languages</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Maritimer_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritimer English">Maritimer English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Breton English">Cape Breton English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acadian_French" title="Acadian French">Acadian French</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Gaelic" title="Canadian Gaelic">Canadian Gaelic</a></div> <p>As of the <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_census" title="2021 Canadian census">2021 Canadian Census</a>, the ten most spoken languages in the province included English (951,945 or 99.59%), French (99,300 or 10.39%), Arabic (11,745 or 1.23%), Hindi (10,115 or 1.06%), Spanish (8,675 or 0.91%), Mandarin (8,525 or 0.89%), <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> (6,730 or 0.7%), German (6,665 or 0.7%), Miꞌkmaq (5,650 or 0.59%), and <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> (5,595 or 0.59%).<sup id="cite_ref-language2021_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-language2021-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_census" title="2021 Canadian census">2021 Canadian census</a> showed a population of 969,383. Of the 958,990 singular responses to the census question concerning <a href="/wiki/Mother_tongue" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother tongue">mother tongue</a>, the most commonly reported languages were: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nouvelle-Ecosse_langues.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nouvelle-Ecosse_langues.png/220px-Nouvelle-Ecosse_langues.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nouvelle-Ecosse_langues.png/330px-Nouvelle-Ecosse_langues.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nouvelle-Ecosse_langues.png/440px-Nouvelle-Ecosse_langues.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2011" /></a><figcaption>Languages in Nova Scotia:<br />red – majority anglophone, orange – mixed, blue – majority francophone</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank </th> <th>Language </th> <th>Population </th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td>1. </td> <td>English </td> <td>868,365 </td> <td>89.57% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2. </td> <td>French </td> <td>34,675 </td> <td>3.57% </td></tr> <tr> <td>3. </td> <td>Arabic </td> <td>9,560 </td> <td>0.98% </td></tr> <tr> <td>4. </td> <td>Mandarin </td> <td>7,185 </td> <td>0.74% </td></tr> <tr> <td>5. </td> <td>Punjabi </td> <td>5,335 </td> <td>0.55% </td></tr> <tr> <td>6. </td> <td>Tagalog </td> <td>4,255 </td> <td>0.43% </td></tr> <tr> <td>7. </td> <td>Mi'kmaw </td> <td>3,990 </td> <td>0.41% </td></tr> <tr> <td>8. </td> <td>German </td> <td>3,480 </td> <td>0.35% </td></tr> <tr> <td>9. </td> <td>Spanish </td> <td>3,075 </td> <td>0.31% </td></tr> <tr> <td>10. </td> <td>Hindi </td> <td>3,020 </td> <td>0.31% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Figures shown are for the number of single-language responses and the percentage of total single-language responses.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaidhealtachd-chanadach.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Gaidhealtachd-chanadach.svg/220px-Gaidhealtachd-chanadach.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Gaidhealtachd-chanadach.svg/330px-Gaidhealtachd-chanadach.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Gaidhealtachd-chanadach.svg/440px-Gaidhealtachd-chanadach.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="886" data-file-height="779" /></a><figcaption>Distribution of <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Maritimes" title="The Maritimes">the Maritimes</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Nova Scotia is home to the largest <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a>-speaking community outside of Scotland, with a small number of native speakers in <a href="/wiki/Pictou_County" title="Pictou County">Pictou County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antigonish_County" title="Antigonish County">Antigonish County</a>, and on <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Cape Breton Island</a>, and the language is taught in a number of secondary schools throughout the province. In 2018 the government launched a new Gaelic vehicle licence plate to raise awareness of the language and help fund Gaelic language and culture initiatives. They estimated that there were 2,000 Gaelic speakers in the province.<sup id="cite_ref-plate_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plate-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Nova_Scotia#Religion" title="Demographics of Nova Scotia">Demographics of Nova Scotia § Religion</a></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_census" title="2021 Canadian census">2021 census</a>, religious groups in Nova Scotia included:<sup id="cite_ref-2021censusB_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021censusB-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Canada" title="Christianity in Canada">Christianity</a> (556,115 persons or 58.2%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Canada" title="Irreligion in Canada">Irreligion</a> (359,395 persons or 37.6%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Canada" title="Islam in Canada">Islam</a> (14,715 persons or 1.5%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Canada" title="Hinduism in Canada">Hinduism</a> (8,460 persons or 0.9%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Canada" title="Sikhism in Canada">Sikhism</a> (4,735 persons or 0.5%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Canada" title="Buddhism in Canada">Buddhism</a> (2,955 persons or 0.3%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism in Canada">Judaism</a> (2,195 persons or 0.2%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythologies_of_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythologies of the indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous Spirituality</a> (1,090 persons or 0.1%)</li> <li>Other (6,195 persons or 0.6%)</li></ul> <p>According to the 2011 census, the largest denominations by number of adherents were Christians with 78.2%. About 21.18% were non-religious and 1% were <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a> constitute around 0.20%.<sup id="cite_ref-religion2011d_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-religion2011d-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1871, the largest religious denominations were Presbyterian with 103,500 (27%); Roman Catholic with 102,000 (26%); Baptist with 73,295 (19%); Anglican with 55,124 (14%); Methodist with 40,748 (10%), Lutheran with 4,958 (1.3%); and Congregationalist with 2,538 (0.65%).<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Halifax-Dartmouth_Ferry_Service_(21772298471).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Halifax-Dartmouth_Ferry_Service_%2821772298471%29.jpg/220px-Halifax-Dartmouth_Ferry_Service_%2821772298471%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Halifax-Dartmouth_Ferry_Service_%2821772298471%29.jpg/330px-Halifax-Dartmouth_Ferry_Service_%2821772298471%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Halifax-Dartmouth_Ferry_Service_%2821772298471%29.jpg/440px-Halifax-Dartmouth_Ferry_Service_%2821772298471%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5606" data-file-height="3587" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax</a>, the capital and largest municipality, is the economic hub of Nova Scotia</figcaption></figure> <p>Nova Scotia's <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provinces_and_territories_by_gross_domestic_product" title="List of Canadian provinces and territories by gross domestic product">per capita GDP</a> in 2016 was <span style="white-space: nowrap">CA$44,924</span>, significantly lower than the national average per capita GDP of <span style="white-space: nowrap">CA$57,574</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GDP growth has lagged behind the rest of the country for at least the past decade.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2017, the median family income in Nova Scotia was $85,970, below the national average of $92,990;<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Halifax the figure rises to $98,870.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The province is the world's largest exporter of <a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree" title="Christmas tree">Christmas trees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lobster" title="Lobster">lobster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum">gypsum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Berry" title="Berry">wild berries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its export value of fish exceeds $1 billion, and fish products are received by 90 countries around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, the province's imports far exceed its exports. While these numbers were roughly equal from 1992 until 2004, since that time the trade deficit has ballooned. In 2012, exports from Nova Scotia were 12.1% of provincial GDP, while imports were 22.6%.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nova Scotia's traditionally <a href="/wiki/Natural_resource" title="Natural resource">resource-based economy</a> has diversified in recent<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (August 2022)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> decades. The rise of Nova Scotia as a viable jurisdiction in North America, historically, was driven by the ready availability of natural resources, especially the <a href="/wiki/Fish_stocks" title="Fish stocks">fish stocks</a> off the <a href="/wiki/Scotian_Shelf" title="Scotian Shelf">Scotian Shelf</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishery</a> was a pillar of the economy since its development as part of <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a> in the 17th century; however, the fishery suffered a sharp decline due to <a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">overfishing</a> in the late 20th century. The collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Cod" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Cod">cod stocks</a> and the closure of this sector resulted in a loss of approximately 20,000 jobs in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other sectors in the province were also hit hard, particularly during the last two<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="which two? (August 2022)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> decades: coal mining in Cape Breton and northern mainland Nova Scotia has virtually ceased, and a <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Steel_Corporation" title="Sydney Steel Corporation">large steel</a> mill in <a href="/wiki/Sydney,_Nova_Scotia" title="Sydney, Nova Scotia">Sydney</a> closed during the 1990s. More recently, the high value of the Canadian dollar relative to the US dollar has hurt the forestry industry, leading to the shutdown of a long-running <a href="/wiki/Bowater_Mersey_Paper_Company_Limited" title="Bowater Mersey Paper Company Limited">pulp and paper mill</a> near <a href="/wiki/Liverpool,_Nova_Scotia" title="Liverpool, Nova Scotia">Liverpool</a>. Mining, especially of <a href="/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum">gypsum</a> and salt and to a lesser extent <a href="/wiki/Silica" class="mw-redirect" title="Silica">silica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">peat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barite" class="mw-redirect" title="Barite">barite</a>, is also a significant sector.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1991, <a href="/wiki/Offshore_drilling" title="Offshore drilling">offshore oil and gas</a> has become an important part of the economy, although production and revenue are now<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="still? (August 2022)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup>declining.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, agriculture remains an important sector in the province, particularly in the <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Valley" title="Annapolis Valley">Annapolis Valley</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grafton,_Nova_Scotia.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Grafton%2C_Nova_Scotia.JPG/220px-Grafton%2C_Nova_Scotia.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Grafton%2C_Nova_Scotia.JPG/330px-Grafton%2C_Nova_Scotia.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Grafton%2C_Nova_Scotia.JPG/440px-Grafton%2C_Nova_Scotia.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>A farm in <a href="/wiki/Grafton,_Nova_Scotia" title="Grafton, Nova Scotia">Grafton</a>. Agriculture remains an important sector of the economy in the <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Valley" title="Annapolis Valley">Annapolis Valley</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nova Scotia's defence and aerospace sector generates approximately $500 million in revenues and contributes about $1.5 billion to the provincial economy each year.<sup id="cite_ref-business_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-business-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To date, 40% of Canada's military assets reside in Nova Scotia.<sup id="cite_ref-business_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-business-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nova Scotia has the fourth-largest <a href="/wiki/Film_industry" title="Film industry">film industry</a> in Canada hosting over 100 productions yearly, more than half of which are the products of international film and television producers.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, the government of Nova Scotia eliminated tax credits to film production in the province, jeopardizing the industry given most other jurisdictions continue to offer such credits.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The province also has a rapidly developing <a href="/wiki/Information_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Information Technology">Information & Communication Technology</a> (ICT) sector which consists of over 500 companies, and employs roughly 15,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, the manufacturing sector brought in over $2.6 billion in chained GDP, the largest output of any industrial sector in Nova Scotia.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Michelin" title="Michelin">Michelin</a> remains by far the largest single employer in this sector, operating three production plants in the province. Michelin is also the province's largest private-sector employer.<sup id="cite_ref-2019nov22michelin_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2019nov22michelin-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2024, the provincial government committed CAD$18.6 million to build 27 new <a href="/wiki/Telecommunication_tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunication tower">telecommunication towers</a> to upgrade cellular service province-wide.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Nova_Scotia" title="Tourism in Nova Scotia">Tourism in Nova Scotia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Enchantment_of_the_Seas_Halifax_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Enchantment_of_the_Seas_Halifax_2011.jpg/220px-Enchantment_of_the_Seas_Halifax_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Enchantment_of_the_Seas_Halifax_2011.jpg/330px-Enchantment_of_the_Seas_Halifax_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Enchantment_of_the_Seas_Halifax_2011.jpg/440px-Enchantment_of_the_Seas_Halifax_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1336" /></a><figcaption>A cruise ship docked at the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Halifax" title="Port of Halifax">Port of Halifax</a>. The port sees more than 200,000 cruise passengers each year.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Nova Scotia tourism industry includes more than 6,500 direct businesses, supporting nearly 40,000 jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cruise ships pay regular visits to the province. In 2010, the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Halifax" title="Port of Halifax">Port of Halifax</a> received 261,000 passengers and Sydney 69,000.<sup id="cite_ref-2010indicators_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010indicators-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gov-ns1_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gov-ns1-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This industry contributes approximately $1.3 billion annually to the economy.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2008 Nova Scotia tourism campaign included advertising a fictional mobile phone called <a href="/wiki/Pomegranate_(phone)" title="Pomegranate (phone)">Pomegranate</a> and establishing a website, which after reading about the "new phone" redirected to tourism info about the region.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nova Scotia's tourism industry showcases Nova Scotia's culture, scenery and coastline. Nova Scotia has many museums reflecting its <a href="/wiki/Ethnic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic">ethnic</a> heritage, including the <a href="/wiki/Glooscap" title="Glooscap">Glooscap</a> Heritage Centre, <a href="/wiki/Grand-Pr%C3%A9_National_Historic_Site" title="Grand-Pré National Historic Site">Grand-Pré National Historic Site</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hector_(immigration_ship)" title="Hector (immigration ship)">Hector Heritage Quay</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Black_Cultural_Centre_for_Nova_Scotia" title="Black Cultural Centre for Nova Scotia">Black Cultural Centre for Nova Scotia</a>. Other museums tell the story of its working history, such as the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Miners_Museum" title="Cape Breton Miners Museum">Cape Breton Miners Museum</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Museum_of_the_Atlantic" title="Maritime Museum of the Atlantic">Maritime Museum of the Atlantic</a>. </p><p>Nova Scotia is home to several internationally renowned musicians and there are visitor centres in the home towns of <a href="/wiki/Hank_Snow" title="Hank Snow">Hank Snow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rita_MacNeil" title="Rita MacNeil">Rita MacNeil</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anne_Murray" title="Anne Murray">Anne Murray</a> Centre. There are also numerous music and cultural festivals such as the <a href="/wiki/Stan_Rogers_Folk_Festival" title="Stan Rogers Folk Festival">Stan Rogers Folk Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Colours" title="Celtic Colours">Celtic Colours</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_Gaelic_Mod" title="Nova Scotia Gaelic Mod">Nova Scotia Gaelic Mod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Nova_Scotia_International_Tattoo" title="Royal Nova Scotia International Tattoo">Royal Nova Scotia International Tattoo</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Film Festival">Atlantic Film Festival</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Fringe_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Fringe Festival">Atlantic Fringe Festival</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lighthouse_DSC01066_-_Peggy%27s_Cove_Lighthouse_(7612052968).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Lighthouse_DSC01066_-_Peggy%27s_Cove_Lighthouse_%287612052968%29.jpg/220px-Lighthouse_DSC01066_-_Peggy%27s_Cove_Lighthouse_%287612052968%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Lighthouse_DSC01066_-_Peggy%27s_Cove_Lighthouse_%287612052968%29.jpg/330px-Lighthouse_DSC01066_-_Peggy%27s_Cove_Lighthouse_%287612052968%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Lighthouse_DSC01066_-_Peggy%27s_Cove_Lighthouse_%287612052968%29.jpg/440px-Lighthouse_DSC01066_-_Peggy%27s_Cove_Lighthouse_%287612052968%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6035" data-file-height="4053" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peggys_Point_Lighthouse" title="Peggys Point Lighthouse">Peggys Point Lighthouse</a> in <a href="/wiki/Peggys_Cove,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Peggys Cove, Nova Scotia">Peggys Cove</a> is a tourist attraction in the province.</figcaption></figure> <p>The province has <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Nova_Scotia" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Nova Scotia">87 National Historic Sites of Canada</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Habitation_at_Port-Royal" class="mw-redirect" title="Habitation at Port-Royal">Habitation at Port-Royal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_Louisbourg" title="Fortress of Louisbourg">Fortress of Louisbourg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Citadel_Hill_(Fort_George)" title="Citadel Hill (Fort George)">Citadel Hill (Fort George)</a> in Halifax. Nova Scotia has two national parks, <a href="/wiki/Kejimkujik_National_Park" title="Kejimkujik National Park">Kejimkujik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Highlands_National_Park" title="Cape Breton Highlands National Park">Cape Breton Highlands</a>, and many other <a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Nova_Scotia" title="List of protected areas of Nova Scotia">protected areas</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Fundy" title="Bay of Fundy">Bay of Fundy</a> has the highest tidal range in the world, and the iconic <a href="/wiki/Peggys_Cove,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Peggys Cove, Nova Scotia">Peggys Cove</a> is internationally recognized and receives 600,000-plus visitors a year.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lunenburg,_Nova_Scotia" title="Lunenburg, Nova Scotia">Old Town Lunenburg</a> is a port town on the South Shore that was declared a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">(UNESCO) World Heritage Site</a>. </p><p>Acadian Skies and Mi'kmaq Lands is a starlight reserve in southwestern Nova Scotia. It is the first certified <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>-Starlight Tourist Destination. Starlight tourist destinations are locations that offer conditions for observations of stars which are protected from <a href="/wiki/Light_pollution" title="Light pollution">light pollution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Government and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Government of Nova Scotia">Government of Nova Scotia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Politics of Nova Scotia">Politics of Nova Scotia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Province_House,_Halifax_(3609681508).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Province_House%2C_Halifax_%283609681508%29.jpg/220px-Province_House%2C_Halifax_%283609681508%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Province_House%2C_Halifax_%283609681508%29.jpg/330px-Province_House%2C_Halifax_%283609681508%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Province_House%2C_Halifax_%283609681508%29.jpg/440px-Province_House%2C_Halifax_%283609681508%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Province_House_(Nova_Scotia)" title="Province House (Nova Scotia)">Province House</a>, the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_House_of_Assembly" title="Nova Scotia House of Assembly">Nova Scotia House of Assembly</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Nova Scotia has a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a> within the construct of a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_Nova_Scotia" title="Monarchy in Nova Scotia">monarchy in Nova Scotia</a> is the foundation of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Government of Nova Scotia">executive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislative</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judicial</a> branches.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sovereign <a href="/wiki/King_Charles_III" class="mw-redirect" title="King Charles III">King Charles III</a> since 8 September 2022, is King in Right of Nova Scotia who also serves as head of state of <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">14 other Commonwealth countries</a>, each of Canada's nine other provinces, and the Canadian federal realm, but resides in the United Kingdom. As such, the King's representative, the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia">Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arthur_Joseph_LeBlanc" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Joseph LeBlanc">Arthur Joseph LeBlanc</a> was the 33rd Lieutenant Governor from 2017 to 2024<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The text near this tag is dated. (February 2025)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup>), carries out most of the royal duties in Nova Scotia. </p><p>The direct participation of the royal and viceroyal figures in any of these areas of governance is limited, though; in practice, their use of the executive powers is directed by <a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Executive Council of Nova Scotia">the Executive Council</a>, a committee of <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Crown" title="Minister of the Crown">ministers of the Crown</a> responsible to the unicameral, elected <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_House_of_Assembly" title="Nova Scotia House of Assembly">House of Assembly</a> and chosen and headed by the <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Premier of Nova Scotia">Premier of Nova Scotia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tim_Houston" title="Tim Houston">Tim Houston</a> since 2021), the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a>. To ensure the stability of government, the Lieutenant Governor will usually appoint as premier the person who is the current leader of the political party that can obtain the confidence of a <a href="/wiki/Plurality_(voting)" title="Plurality (voting)">plurality</a> in the House of Assembly. The leader of the party with the second-most seats usually becomes the <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Nova_Scotia)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Nova Scotia)">Leader of His Majesty's Loyal Opposition</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zach_Churchill" title="Zach Churchill">Zach Churchill</a> from 2022–24<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The text near this tag is dated. (February 2025)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup>) and is part of an adversarial parliamentary system intended to keep the government in check.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TimHouston.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/TimHouston.png/180px-TimHouston.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/TimHouston.png 1.5x" data-file-width="243" data-file-height="282" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tim_Houston" title="Tim Houston">Tim Houston</a>, the 30th <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Premier of Nova Scotia">Premier of Nova Scotia</a> serving from 2021</figcaption></figure> <p>Each of the 51 <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly">Members of the Legislative Assembly</a> in the House of Assembly is elected by single member plurality in an <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_(Canada)" title="Electoral district (Canada)">electoral district</a> or riding. General elections must be called by the lieutenant governor on the advice of the premier, or may be triggered by the government losing a <a href="/wiki/Confidence_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Confidence vote">confidence vote</a> in the House.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are three dominant political parties in Nova Scotia: the <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_Liberal_Party" title="Nova Scotia Liberal Party">Liberal Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_New_Democratic_Party" title="Nova Scotia New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Association_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia">Progressive Conservative Party</a>. The other two registered parties are the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Green Party of Nova Scotia">Green Party of Nova Scotia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Atlantica_Party" title="Atlantica Party">Atlantica Party</a>, neither of which has a seat in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly" title="House of Assembly">House of Assembly</a>. </p><p>The province's revenue comes mainly from the taxation of personal and corporate income, although taxes on tobacco and alcohol, its stake in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Lottery_Corporation" title="Atlantic Lottery Corporation">Atlantic Lottery Corporation</a>, and oil and gas royalties are also significant. In 2006–07, the province passed a budget of $6.9 billion, with a projected $72 million surplus. Federal equalization payments account for $1.385 billion, or 20.07% of the provincial revenue. The province participates in the Harmonised Sales Tax (<a href="/wiki/Harmonized_Sales_Tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonized Sales Tax">HST</a>), a blended sales tax collected by the federal government using the Goods and Services Tax (<a href="/wiki/Goods_and_Services_Tax_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Goods and Services Tax (Canada)">GST</a>) tax system. </p><p>On 21 July 2022, Nova Scotia became the second province in Canada to regulate online gambling by launching its own online casino through the Atlantic Lottery Corporation (<a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Lottery_Corporation" title="Atlantic Lottery Corporation">ALC</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site will bring benefits to the economy and provide residents with a safe and secure place to gamble online.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Administrative divisions of Nova Scotia">Administrative divisions of Nova Scotia</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_of_Nova_Scotia" title="List of counties of Nova Scotia">List of counties of Nova Scotia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nova_Scotia_counties_2015.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map showing locations of Nova Scotia's historical counties" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Nova_Scotia_counties_2015.png/300px-Nova_Scotia_counties_2015.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Nova_Scotia_counties_2015.png/450px-Nova_Scotia_counties_2015.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Nova_Scotia_counties_2015.png/600px-Nova_Scotia_counties_2015.png 2x" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="2921" /></a><figcaption>Map of Nova Scotia's 18 historical counties by their current <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Nova_Scotia" title="List of municipalities in Nova Scotia">organization or municipal status</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Municipal-level governance is provided by 50 municipalities, of which there are three types: regional municipalities, towns, and county or district municipalities.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Villages can exist within county or district municipalities, with a limited authority and an elected council. </p><p>Nova Scotia is divided into <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_of_Nova_Scotia" title="List of counties of Nova Scotia">18 counties</a>. 9 of the original 18 counties retain a county-level government while the rest are either governed by <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Nova_Scotia" title="List of municipalities in Nova Scotia">regional or district municipalities</a>. Regional municipalities are coextensive with the borders with a historic county, while historic counties governed by district municipalities are split into two district municipalities each. Despite this, <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a> uses all counties of Nova Scotia for the purposes of administering the census and presenting its data, and they remain used in common parlance as geographic identifiers by Nova Scotians. </p><p>There are three regional municipalities. They may incorporate under the <i>Municipal Government Act</i> (<i>MGA</i>) of 1998, which came into force on 1 April 1999,<sup id="cite_ref-history_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while towns, county municipalities and district municipalities are continued as municipalities under the <i>MGA</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-MGA_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MGA-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>MGA</i> gives municipal councils the power to make bylaws for "health, well being, safety and protection of persons" and "safety and protection of property" in addition to a few expressed powers.<sup id="cite_ref-FCM_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCM-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The regional municipality of <a href="/wiki/Halifax_Regional_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Halifax Regional Municipality">Halifax</a> is the capital and largest municipality of Nova Scotia by population with 403,131 residents representing <span data-sort-value="7001436478857684836♠" style="display:none"></span>44% of the total population of the province and land area at 5,490.35 km<sup>2</sup> (2,119.84 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-2016StatCanNS_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016StatCanNS-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pictou" title="Pictou">Pictou</a> was the first municipality to incorporate on <span data-sort-value="000000001874-05-04-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">4 May 1874</span>, and the newest municipalities are Halifax and <a href="/wiki/Region_of_Queens_Municipality,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Region of Queens Municipality, Nova Scotia">Region of Queens Municipality</a> both amalgamating into their present regional municipality form of government on <span data-sort-value="000000001996-04-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">1 April 1996</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-incorporations_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-incorporations-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are 26 towns, nine county municipalities and 12 district municipalities.<sup id="cite_ref-2015MuniStats_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2015MuniStats-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1264714646">.mw-parser-output .RMbox{box-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12),0 3px 1px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.mw-parser-output .RMinline{float:none;width:100%;margin:0;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.routemap{padding:0;border:0;border-collapse:collapse;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2;margin:auto}.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMcollapse{margin:0;border-collapse:collapse;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMreplace{margin:0;border-collapse:collapse;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;bottom:0}.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMsi{display:inline;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMir{padding:0!important}.mw-parser-output table.routemap 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .RMbox img{filter:contrast(0.4)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets a abbr{color:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .RMbox{background:inherit!important;color:white}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .RMbox th{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-bottom:solid 1px #be2d2c}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .RMbox small{color:white}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .RMsplit{color:white}}</style> <table class="collapsible RMbox" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="float:right;clear:right;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:1em;empty-cells:show;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, f8f9fa);color:inherit;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="color:#FFF;background:#27404E;text-align:center;padding:5px"><div><div style="white-space:nowrap;margin-right:55px;margin-left:55px;font-size:113.63636363636%">Nova Scotia passenger rail</div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:normal;padding:4px 5px"><div class="selfreference noprint" style="text-align:right;font-size:97%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Railway_line_legend" title="Template:Railway line legend">Legend</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0px 6px 6px"> <table class="nogrid routemap" style="font-size:107.95454545455%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="CONTg"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BSicon_CONTg.svg/20px-BSicon_CONTg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BSicon_CONTg.svg/30px-BSicon_CONTg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BSicon_CONTg.svg/40px-BSicon_CONTg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><div class="RMsi"><i><a href="/wiki/Ocean_(train)" title="Ocean (train)">Ocean</a> to <a href="/wiki/Moncton_station" title="Moncton station">Moncton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Central_Station" title="Montreal Central Station">Montreal</a></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="BHF"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/20px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/30px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/40px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Amherst_station_(Nova_Scotia)" title="Amherst station (Nova Scotia)">Amherst</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="HST"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/20px-BSicon_HST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/30px-BSicon_HST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/BSicon_HST.svg/40px-BSicon_HST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Springhill_Junction" title="Springhill Junction">Springhill Junction</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="BHF"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/20px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/30px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/BSicon_BHF.svg/40px-BSicon_BHF.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Truro_station_(Nova_Scotia)" title="Truro station (Nova Scotia)">Truro</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Bus" title="Maritime Bus"><img alt="Maritime Bus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/BSicon_BUS2.svg/18px-BSicon_BUS2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/BSicon_BUS2.svg/27px-BSicon_BUS2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/BSicon_BUS2.svg/36px-BSicon_BUS2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="RMl" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td class="RMir"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="KBHFe"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/BSicon_KBHFe.svg/20px-BSicon_KBHFe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/BSicon_KBHFe.svg/30px-BSicon_KBHFe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/BSicon_KBHFe.svg/40px-BSicon_KBHFe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Halifax_station_(Nova_Scotia)" title="Halifax station (Nova Scotia)">Halifax</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Transit" title="Halifax Transit"><img alt="Halifax Transit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Bus-logo.svg/14px-Bus-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Bus-logo.svg/21px-Bus-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Bus-logo.svg/28px-Bus-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="454" data-file-height="454" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0 3px 0 0;"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="RMl1"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="RMr1"> </td> <td> </td> <td style="padding:0 0 0 3px;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:normal;padding:0px 5px 3px;text-align:center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><span>This diagram: </span><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nova_Scotia_rail_network" title="Template:Nova Scotia rail network"><span title="View this template">view</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nova_Scotia_rail_network" title="Template talk:Nova Scotia rail network"><span title="Discuss this template">talk</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nova_Scotia_rail_network" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nova Scotia rail network"><span title="Edit this template">edit</span></a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Via_Rail" title="Via Rail">Via Rail</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Ocean_(train)" title="Ocean (train)">Ocean</a></i> service, which connects <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> to Halifax, is currently the oldest continuously operated passenger route in North America, with stops from west to east at <a href="/wiki/Amherst_station_(Nova_Scotia)" title="Amherst station (Nova Scotia)">Amherst</a>, <a href="/wiki/Springhill_Junction" title="Springhill Junction">Springhill Junction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Truro_railway_station_(Nova_Scotia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Truro railway station (Nova Scotia)">Truro</a>, and Halifax. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture<span class="anchor" id="Culture"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cuisine" title="Cuisine">cuisine</a> of Nova Scotia is typically <a href="/wiki/Canadian_cuisine" title="Canadian cuisine">Canadian</a> with an emphasis on local seafood. One endemic dish (in the sense of "peculiar to" and "originating from") is the <a href="/wiki/Donair" title="Donair">Halifax donair</a>, a distant variant of the <a href="/wiki/Doner_kebab" title="Doner kebab">doner kebab</a> prepared using thinly sliced beef shavings and a sweet <a href="/wiki/Condensed_milk" title="Condensed milk">condensed milk</a> sauce. As well, <a href="/wiki/Hodge-Podge_(soup)" title="Hodge-Podge (soup)">hodge podge</a>, a creamy soup of fresh baby vegetables, is native to Nova Scotia.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The province is also known for a dessert called blueberry <a href="/wiki/Dumpling" title="Dumpling">grunt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events_and_festivals">Events and festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Events and festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Prose plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Prose" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>is in <a href="/wiki/MOS:LIST" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:LIST">list</a> format but may read better as <a href="/wiki/MOS:PROSE" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:PROSE">prose</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit">converting this article</a>, if appropriate. <a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing help</a> is available.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:INSTRUMENTS_live_at_Halifax_Pop_Explosion_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/INSTRUMENTS_live_at_Halifax_Pop_Explosion_2012.jpg/220px-INSTRUMENTS_live_at_Halifax_Pop_Explosion_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/INSTRUMENTS_live_at_Halifax_Pop_Explosion_2012.jpg/330px-INSTRUMENTS_live_at_Halifax_Pop_Explosion_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/INSTRUMENTS_live_at_Halifax_Pop_Explosion_2012.jpg/440px-INSTRUMENTS_live_at_Halifax_Pop_Explosion_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2104" data-file-height="1756" /></a><figcaption>Performers at <a href="/wiki/Halifax_Pop_Explosion" title="Halifax Pop Explosion">Halifax Pop Explosion</a>, an annual <a href="/wiki/Music_festival" title="Music festival">music festival</a> in Halifax</figcaption></figure> <p>There are a number of <a href="/wiki/Festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="Festivals">festivals</a> and cultural events that are recurring in Nova Scotia, or notable in its history. The following is an incomplete list of festivals and other cultural gatherings in the province: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Valley_Apple_Blossom_Festival" title="Annapolis Valley Apple Blossom Festival">Annapolis Valley Apple Blossom Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlantic_Band_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlantic Band Festival (page does not exist)">Atlantic Band Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Film Festival">Atlantic Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Theatre_Festival" title="Atlantic Theatre Festival">Atlantic Theatre Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_International_Drum_Festival" title="Cape Breton International Drum Festival">Cape Breton International Drum Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Colours" title="Celtic Colours">Celtic Colours</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cecilia_Concerts_Chamber_Music_Series&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cecilia Concerts Chamber Music Series (page does not exist)">Cecilia Concerts Chamber Music Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolve_Festival" title="Evolve Festival">Evolve Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_Antigonish_Summer_Theatre" title="Festival Antigonish Summer Theatre">Festival Antigonish Summer Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal-Con" title="Hal-Con">Hal-Con</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Busker_Festival" title="Halifax Busker Festival">Halifax Busker Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Comedy_Festival" title="Halifax Comedy Festival">Halifax Comedy Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Jazz_Festival" title="Halifax Jazz Festival">Halifax Jazz Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Pop_Explosion" title="Halifax Pop Explosion">Halifax Pop Explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Pride" title="Halifax Pride">Halifax Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Glasgow_Riverfront_Jubilee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Glasgow Riverfront Jubilee (page does not exist)">New Glasgow Riverfront Jubilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_Gaelic_Mod" title="Nova Scotia Gaelic Mod">Nova Scotia Gaelic Mod</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pictou_Lobster_Carnival&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pictou Lobster Carnival (page does not exist)">Pictou Lobster Carnival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Nova_Scotia_International_Tattoo" title="Royal Nova Scotia International Tattoo">Royal Nova Scotia International Tattoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Rogers_Folk_Festival" title="Stan Rogers Folk Festival">Stan Rogers Folk Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoked_for_the_Holidays" title="Stoked for the Holidays">Stoked for the Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Partners" class="mw-redirect" title="Strategic Partners">Strategic Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Word_on_the_Street_(literary_festival)" title="The Word on the Street (literary festival)">The Word on the Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Festival" title="Virgin Festival">Virgin Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wharf_Rat_Rally" title="Wharf Rat Rally">Wharf Rat Rally</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_and_television">Film and television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Film and television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nova Scotia has produced numerous film actors. <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> nominee <a href="/wiki/Elliot_Page" title="Elliot Page">Elliot Page</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Juno_(film)" title="Juno (film)">Juno</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Inception" title="Inception">Inception</a></i>) was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia; five-time <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Award</a> nominee <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kennedy" title="Arthur Kennedy">Arthur Kennedy</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Arabia_(film)" title="Lawrence of Arabia (film)">Lawrence of Arabia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/High_Sierra_(film)" title="High Sierra (film)">High Sierra</a></i>) called Nova Scotia his home; and two time <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe">Golden Globe</a> winner <a href="/wiki/Donald_Sutherland" title="Donald Sutherland">Donald Sutherland</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/MASH_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="MASH (film)">MASH</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_People" title="Ordinary People">Ordinary People</a></i>) spent most of his youth in the province. Other actors include <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Tremblay" title="John Paul Tremblay">John Paul Tremblay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robb_Wells" title="Robb Wells">Robb Wells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Smith_(actor)" title="Mike Smith (actor)">Mike Smith</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Dunsworth" title="John Dunsworth">John Dunsworth</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Trailer_Park_Boys" title="Trailer Park Boys">Trailer Park Boys</a></i> and actress <a href="/wiki/Joanne_Kelly" title="Joanne Kelly">Joanne Kelly</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Warehouse_13" title="Warehouse 13">Warehouse 13</a></i>. </p><p>Nova Scotia has also produced numerous film directors such as <a href="/wiki/Thom_Fitzgerald" title="Thom Fitzgerald">Thom Fitzgerald</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Hanging_Garden_(film)" title="The Hanging Garden (film)">The Hanging Garden</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Petrie" title="Daniel Petrie">Daniel Petrie</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_(1980_film)" title="Resurrection (1980 film)">Resurrection</a></i>—Academy Award nominee) and Acadian film director <a href="/wiki/Phil_Comeau" title="Phil Comeau">Phil Comeau</a>'s multiple award-winning local story (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Secret_de_J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Secret de Jérôme (film) (page does not exist)">Le Secret de Jérôme</a></i>). </p><p>Nova Scotian stories are the subject of numerous feature films: <i><a href="/wiki/Margaret%27s_Museum" title="Margaret's Museum">Margaret's Museum</a></i> (starring <a href="/wiki/Helena_Bonham_Carter" title="Helena Bonham Carter">Helena Bonham Carter</a>); <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bay_Boy" title="The Bay Boy">The Bay Boy</a></i> (directed by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Petrie" title="Daniel Petrie">Daniel Petrie</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Kiefer_Sutherland" title="Kiefer Sutherland">Kiefer Sutherland</a>); <i><a href="/wiki/New_Waterford_Girl" title="New Waterford Girl">New Waterford Girl</a></i>; <i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Adele_H." title="The Story of Adele H.">The Story of Adele H.</a></i> (the story of unrequited love of <a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A8le_Hugo" title="Adèle Hugo">Adèle Hugo</a>); and two films of <i>Evangeline</i> (one starring <a href="/wiki/Miriam_Cooper" title="Miriam Cooper">Miriam Cooper</a> and another starring <a href="/wiki/Dolores_del_R%C3%ADo" title="Dolores del Río">Dolores del Río</a>). </p><p>There is a significant film industry in Nova Scotia. Feature filmmaking began in Canada with <i>Evangeline</i> (1913), made by <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Bioscope_Company" title="Canadian Bioscope Company">Canadian Bioscope Company</a> in Halifax, which released six films before it closed. The film has since been lost. Some of the award-winning feature films made in the province are <i><a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)" title="Titanic (1997 film)">Titanic</a></i> (starring <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_DiCaprio" title="Leonardo DiCaprio">Leonardo DiCaprio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kate_Winslet" title="Kate Winslet">Kate Winslet</a>); <i><a href="/wiki/The_Shipping_News" title="The Shipping News">The Shipping News</a></i> (starring <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Spacey" title="Kevin Spacey">Kevin Spacey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Julianne_Moore" title="Julianne Moore">Julianne Moore</a>); <i><a href="/wiki/K-19:_The_Widowmaker" title="K-19: The Widowmaker">K-19: The Widowmaker</a></i> (starring <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Ford" title="Harrison Ford">Harrison Ford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liam_Neeson" title="Liam Neeson">Liam Neeson</a>); <i><a href="/wiki/Amelia_(film)" title="Amelia (film)">Amelia</a></i> (starring <a href="/wiki/Hilary_Swank" title="Hilary Swank">Hilary Swank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Gere" title="Richard Gere">Richard Gere</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ewan_McGregor" title="Ewan McGregor">Ewan McGregor</a>) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lighthouse_(2019_film)" title="The Lighthouse (2019 film)">The Lighthouse</a></i> (starring <a href="/wiki/Robert_Pattinson" title="Robert Pattinson">Robert Pattinson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Willem_Dafoe" title="Willem Dafoe">Willem Dafoe</a>). </p><p>Nova Scotia has also produced numerous television series: <i><a href="/wiki/This_Hour_Has_22_Minutes" title="This Hour Has 22 Minutes">This Hour Has 22 Minutes</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Messer%27s_Jubilee" title="Don Messer's Jubilee">Don Messer's Jubilee</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Harbour" title="Black Harbour">Black Harbour</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Haven_(TV_series)" title="Haven (TV series)">Haven</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Trailer_Park_Boys" title="Trailer Park Boys">Trailer Park Boys</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Mr._D" title="Mr. D">Mr. D</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Call_Me_Fitz" title="Call Me Fitz">Call Me Fitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/From_(TV_series)" title="From (TV series)">FROM</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Tugboat" title="Theodore Tugboat">Theodore Tugboat</a></i>. The <i><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Stone_(character)" title="Jesse Stone (character)">Jesse Stone</a></i> film series on <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> starring <a href="/wiki/Tom_Selleck" title="Tom Selleck">Tom Selleck</a> were also routinely produced in the province. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fine_arts">Fine arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Fine arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Art_Gallery_of_Nova_Scotia.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Art_Gallery_of_Nova_Scotia.JPG/220px-Art_Gallery_of_Nova_Scotia.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Art_Gallery_of_Nova_Scotia.JPG/330px-Art_Gallery_of_Nova_Scotia.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Art_Gallery_of_Nova_Scotia.JPG/440px-Art_Gallery_of_Nova_Scotia.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Art_Gallery_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Art Gallery of Nova Scotia">Art Gallery of Nova Scotia</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Provincial_museums_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincial museums of Canada">provincial art gallery</a> of Nova Scotia.</figcaption></figure> <p>Halifax hosts institutions such as <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_College_of_Art_and_Design_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova Scotia College of Art and Design University">Nova Scotia College of Art and Design University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_Gallery_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Art Gallery of Nova Scotia">Art Gallery of Nova Scotia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neptune_Theatre_(Halifax)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neptune Theatre (Halifax)">Neptune Theatre</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Dalhousie_Arts_Centre" title="Dalhousie Arts Centre">Dalhousie Arts Centre</a>. The province is home to avant-garde visual art and traditional crafting, writing and publishing and a film industry. </p><p>Much of the historic public art sculptures in the province were made by New York sculptor <a href="/wiki/J._Massey_Rhind" title="J. Massey Rhind">J. Massey Rhind</a> as well as Canadian sculptors <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_MacCarthy" title="Hamilton MacCarthy">Hamilton MacCarthy</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_William_Hill_(sculptor)" title="George William Hill (sculptor)">George Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Hahn" title="Emanuel Hahn">Emanuel Hahn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louis-Philippe_H%C3%A9bert" title="Louis-Philippe Hébert">Louis-Philippe Hébert</a>. Some of this public art was also created by Nova Scotian <a href="/wiki/John_Wilson_(sculptor)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wilson (sculptor)">John Wilson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nova Scotian <a href="/wiki/George_Lang_(builder)" title="George Lang (builder)">George Lang</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Stone_sculpture" title="Stone sculpture">stone sculptor</a> who also built many landmark buildings in the province, including the <a href="/wiki/Welsford-Parker_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsford-Parker Monument">Welsford-Parker Monument</a>. Two valuable sculptures/monuments in the province are in <a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Church_(Halifax)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul's Church (Halifax)">St. Paul's Church (Halifax)</a>: one by <a href="/wiki/John_Gibson_(sculptor)" title="John Gibson (sculptor)">John Gibson</a> (for <a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Uniacke,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Richard John Uniacke, Jr.">Richard John Uniacke, Jr.</a>) and another monument by Sir <a href="/wiki/Francis_Leggatt_Chantrey" title="Francis Leggatt Chantrey">Francis Leggatt Chantrey</a> (for Amelia Ann Smyth). Both Gibson and Chantry were famous British sculptors during the Victorian era and have numerous sculptures in the <a href="/wiki/Tate" title="Tate">Tate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Boston">Museum of Fine Arts, Boston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>. </p><p>Some of the province's greatest painters were <a href="/wiki/Maud_Lewis" title="Maud Lewis">Maud Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Valentine_(painter)" title="William Valentine (painter)">William Valentine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Frances_Ann_Morris" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Frances Ann Morris">Maria Morris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_L._Gray" title="Jack L. Gray">Jack L. Gray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawson" title="Ernest Lawson">Ernest Lawson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frances_Bannerman" title="Frances Bannerman">Frances Bannerman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alex_Colville" title="Alex Colville">Alex Colville</a>, and ship portrait artist <a href="/wiki/John_O%27Brien_(marine_artist)" title="John O'Brien (marine artist)">John O'Brien</a>. Some of most notable artists whose works have been acquired by Nova Scotia are British artist <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Reynolds" title="Joshua Reynolds">Joshua Reynolds</a> (collection of Art Gallery of Nova Scotia); <a href="/wiki/William_Gush" title="William Gush">William Gush</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_J._Weaver" title="William J. Weaver">William J. Weaver</a> (both have works in <a href="/wiki/Province_House_(Nova_Scotia)" title="Province House (Nova Scotia)">Province House</a>); <a href="/wiki/Robert_Field_(painter)" title="Robert Field (painter)">Robert Field</a> (<a href="/wiki/Government_House_(Nova_Scotia)" title="Government House (Nova Scotia)">Government House</a>), as well as leading American artists <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_West" title="Benjamin West">Benjamin West</a> (self portrait in <a href="/wiki/The_Halifax_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="The Halifax Club">The Halifax Club</a>, portrait of chief justice in <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_Supreme_Court" title="Nova Scotia Supreme Court">Nova Scotia Supreme Court</a>), <a href="/wiki/John_Singleton_Copley" title="John Singleton Copley">John Singleton Copley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Feke" title="Robert Feke">Robert Feke</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Field_(painter)" title="Robert Field (painter)">Robert Field</a> (the latter three have works in the <a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Uniacke" title="Richard John Uniacke">Uniacke Estate</a>). Two famous Nova Scotian photographers are <a href="/wiki/Wallace_R._MacAskill" title="Wallace R. MacAskill">Wallace R. MacAskill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sherman_Hines" title="Sherman Hines">Sherman Hines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three of the most accomplished illustrators were <a href="/wiki/George_Wylie_Hutchinson" title="George Wylie Hutchinson">George Wylie Hutchinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Chambers_(cartoonist)" title="Bob Chambers (cartoonist)">Bob Chambers (cartoonist)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Mackay" title="Donald A. Mackay">Donald A. Mackay</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are numerous <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Nova_Scotia" title="List of people from Nova Scotia">Nova Scotian</a> authors who have achieved international fame: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chandler_Haliburton" title="Thomas Chandler Haliburton">Thomas Chandler Haliburton</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Sam_Slick" title="Sam Slick">The Clockmaker</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Alistair_MacLeod" title="Alistair MacLeod">Alistair MacLeod</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/No_Great_Mischief" title="No Great Mischief">No Great Mischief</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_M._Richardson" title="Evelyn M. Richardson">Evelyn Richardson</a> <i>(We Keep A Light)</i>, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Marshall_Saunders" title="Margaret Marshall Saunders">Margaret Marshall Saunders</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Joe" title="Beautiful Joe">Beautiful Joe</a>),</i> <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Bradford_Dakin" title="Laurence Bradford Dakin">Laurence B. Dakin</a> <i>(Marco Polo),</i> and <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Slocum" title="Joshua Slocum">Joshua Slocum</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Sailing_Alone_Around_the_World" title="Sailing Alone Around the World">Sailing Alone Around the World</a>).</i> Other authors include <a href="/wiki/Johanna_Skibsrud" title="Johanna Skibsrud">Johanna Skibsrud</a> <i>(The Sentimentalists),</i> <a href="/wiki/Alden_Nowlan" title="Alden Nowlan">Alden Nowlan</a> <i>(Bread, Wine and Salt),</i> <a href="/wiki/George_Elliott_Clarke" title="George Elliott Clarke">George Elliott Clarke</a> <i>(Execution Poems),</i> <a href="/wiki/Lesley_Choyce" title="Lesley Choyce">Lesley Choyce</a> <i>(Nova Scotia: Shaped by the Sea),</i> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Raddall" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Raddall">Thomas Raddall</a> <i>(Halifax: Warden of the North),</i> <a href="/wiki/Donna_Morrissey" title="Donna Morrissey">Donna Morrissey</a> <i>(Kit's Law),</i> and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Parker_Day" title="Frank Parker Day">Frank Parker Day</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Rockbound" title="Rockbound">Rockbound</a>).</i> </p><p>Nova Scotia has also been the subject of numerous literary books. Some of the international best-sellers are: <i>Last Man Out: The Story of the Springhill Mining Disaster</i> (by <a href="/wiki/Melissa_Fay_Greene" title="Melissa Fay Greene">Melissa Fay Greene</a>); <i>Curse of the Narrows: The <a href="/wiki/Halifax_Explosion" title="Halifax Explosion">Halifax Explosion</a> 1917</i> (by Laura MacDonald); "In the Village" (short story by <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a>–winning author <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bishop" title="Elizabeth Bishop">Elizabeth Bishop</a>); and <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Critics_Circle_Award" title="National Book Critics Circle Award">National Book Critics Circle Award</a> winner <i><a href="/wiki/Rough_Crossings" title="Rough Crossings">Rough Crossings</a></i> (by <a href="/wiki/Simon_Schama" title="Simon Schama">Simon Schama</a>). Other authors who have written novels about Nova Scotian stories include: <a href="/wiki/Linden_MacIntyre" title="Linden MacIntyre">Linden MacIntyre</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Bishop%27s_Man" title="The Bishop's Man">The Bishop's Man</a></i>); <a href="/wiki/Hugh_MacLennan" title="Hugh MacLennan">Hugh MacLennan</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Barometer_Rising" title="Barometer Rising">Barometer Rising</a></i>); <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Buckler" title="Ernest Buckler">Ernest Buckler</a> (<i>The Valley and the Mountain</i>); <a href="/wiki/Archibald_MacMechan" title="Archibald MacMechan">Archibald MacMechan</a> (<i>Red Snow on Grand Pré</i>), <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow">Henry Wadsworth Longfellow</a> (long poem <i><a href="/wiki/Evangeline" title="Evangeline">Evangeline</a></i>); <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Hill" title="Lawrence Hill">Lawrence Hill</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Negroes_(novel)" title="The Book of Negroes (novel)">The Book of Negroes</a></i>) and <a href="/wiki/John_Mack_Faragher" title="John Mack Faragher">John Mack Faragher</a> (<i>Great and Nobel Scheme</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="News">News</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: News"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first newspaper to be printed in Nova Scotia was the <a href="/wiki/Halifax_Gazette" title="Halifax Gazette">Halifax Gazette</a> on 23 March 1752. It was also the first newspaper printed anywhere in Canada. A single copy of the first issue of the Gazette exists today, which was acquired by <a href="/wiki/Library_and_Archives_Canada" title="Library and Archives Canada">Library and Archives Canada</a> on 20 June 2002 from the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Historical_Society" title="Massachusetts Historical Society">Massachusetts Historical Society</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Newsprint" title="Newsprint">Newsprint</a> made from <a href="/wiki/Pulp_(paper)" title="Pulp (paper)">wood pulp</a> was invented in 1844 by <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Nova_Scotia" title="List of people from Nova Scotia">Nova Scotian</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fenerty" title="Charles Fenerty">Charles Fenerty</a> and was presented to the <a href="/wiki/Acadian_Recorder" title="Acadian Recorder">Acadian Recorder</a> as an alternative printing medium to the paper made from other plant fibers at the time, such as cotton, which was typically made from <a href="/wiki/Cotton_paper" title="Cotton paper">discarded articles of clothing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Founded in 1874, the province's current primary daily <a href="/wiki/Broadsheet" title="Broadsheet">broadsheet</a> newspaper is <a href="/wiki/The_Chronicle_Herald" title="The Chronicle Herald">The Chronicle Herald</a>, which is circulated to 91,152 weekday customers, with the number increasing to 93,178 on Saturdays (2015). It is the most widely circulated newspaper in Atlantic Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The paper does not publish on Sundays. It is owned by the <a href="/wiki/SaltWire_Network" title="SaltWire Network">SaltWire Network</a>, the largest media company in Atlantic Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Nova Scotia Government also provides a digital <a href="/wiki/Archive" title="Archive">archive</a> of past newspapers via the Nova Scotia Archives website.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Radio">Radio</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Nova_Scotia" title="List of radio stations in Nova Scotia">List of radio stations in Nova Scotia</a></div><p>The province's first radio station was <a href="/wiki/CHNS-FM" title="CHNS-FM">CHNS-FM</a> which first aired on 12 May 1926 from the <a href="/wiki/The_Carleton" title="The Carleton">Carleton Hotel</a> in Halifax by <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Corps_of_Signals" title="Royal Canadian Corps of Signals">Signal Corps</a> soldier <a href="/wiki/William_C._Borrett" title="William C. Borrett">William C. Borrett</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today the station is owned by <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Broadcasting_System" title="Maritime Broadcasting System">Maritime Broadcasting System</a> and goes by the on-air <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">brand name</a> <i>89.9 The Wave</i> and attracts a weekly average of 64,236 listeners between the ages of 25 and 54.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a <a href="/wiki/Classic_hits" title="Classic hits">classic hits</a> format, airing <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular music</a> from the 60s, 70s and 80s. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Music of Nova Scotia">Music of Nova Scotia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Symphony_Nova_Scotia_performs_at_the_Maritime_Museum_of_the_Atlantic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Symphony_Nova_Scotia_performs_at_the_Maritime_Museum_of_the_Atlantic.jpg/220px-Symphony_Nova_Scotia_performs_at_the_Maritime_Museum_of_the_Atlantic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Symphony_Nova_Scotia_performs_at_the_Maritime_Museum_of_the_Atlantic.jpg/330px-Symphony_Nova_Scotia_performs_at_the_Maritime_Museum_of_the_Atlantic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Symphony_Nova_Scotia_performs_at_the_Maritime_Museum_of_the_Atlantic.jpg/440px-Symphony_Nova_Scotia_performs_at_the_Maritime_Museum_of_the_Atlantic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="496" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Symphony_Nova_Scotia" title="Symphony Nova Scotia">Symphony Nova Scotia</a> performing at the <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Museum_of_the_Atlantic" title="Maritime Museum of the Atlantic">Maritime Museum of the Atlantic</a> in Halifax</figcaption></figure> <p>Nova Scotia is home to <a href="/wiki/Symphony_Nova_Scotia" title="Symphony Nova Scotia">Symphony Nova Scotia</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Symphony_orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Symphony orchestra">symphony orchestra</a> based in Halifax. The province has produced more than its fair share of famous musicians, including <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a> winners <a href="/wiki/Denny_Doherty" title="Denny Doherty">Denny Doherty</a> (from <a href="/wiki/The_Mamas_%26_the_Papas" title="The Mamas & the Papas">The Mamas & the Papas</a>), <a href="/wiki/Anne_Murray" title="Anne Murray">Anne Murray</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sarah_McLachlan" title="Sarah McLachlan">Sarah McLachlan</a>, country singers <a href="/wiki/Hank_Snow" title="Hank Snow">Hank Snow</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Canyon" title="George Canyon">George Canyon, and Drake Jensen</a>, jazz vocalist <a href="/wiki/Holly_Cole" title="Holly Cole">Holly Cole</a>, classical performers <a href="/wiki/Portia_White" title="Portia White">Portia White</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hannigan" title="Barbara Hannigan">Barbara Hannigan</a>, multi <a href="/wiki/Juno_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Juno Award">Juno Award</a> nominated rapper <a href="/wiki/Classified_(rapper)" title="Classified (rapper)">Classified</a>, and such diverse artists as <a href="/wiki/Rita_MacNeil" title="Rita MacNeil">Rita MacNeil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matt_Mays" title="Matt Mays">Matt Mays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sloan_(band)" title="Sloan (band)">Sloan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feist_(singer)" title="Feist (singer)">Feist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Todd_Fancey" title="Todd Fancey">Todd Fancey</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Rankin_Family" title="The Rankin Family">The Rankin Family</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natalie_MacMaster" title="Natalie MacMaster">Natalie MacMaster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Susan_Crowe" title="Susan Crowe">Susan Crowe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buck_65" title="Buck 65">Buck 65</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joel_Plaskett" title="Joel Plaskett">Joel Plaskett</a>, and the bands <a href="/wiki/April_Wine" title="April Wine">April Wine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_D%C3%A9rangement_(band)" title="Grand Dérangement (band)">Grand Dérangement</a>. </p><p>There are numerous songs written about Nova Scotia: The Ballad of Springhill (written by <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Seeger" title="Peggy Seeger">Peggy Seeger</a> and performed by Irish folk singer <a href="/wiki/Luke_Kelly" title="Luke Kelly">Luke Kelly</a>, a member of <a href="/wiki/The_Dubliners" title="The Dubliners">The Dubliners</a>); several songs by <a href="/wiki/Stan_Rogers" title="Stan Rogers">Stan Rogers</a> including Bluenose, Watching The Apples Grow, The Jeannie C (mentions Little Dover, NS), <a href="/wiki/Barrett%27s_Privateers" title="Barrett's Privateers">Barrett's Privateers</a>, Giant, and The Rawdon Hills; Farewell to Nova Scotia (traditional); Blue Nose (<a href="/wiki/Stompin%27_Tom_Connors" title="Stompin' Tom Connors">Stompin' Tom Connors</a>); She's Called Nova Scotia (by <a href="/wiki/Rita_MacNeil" title="Rita MacNeil">Rita MacNeil</a>); Cape Breton (by <a href="/wiki/David_Myles_(singer-songwriter)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Myles (singer-songwriter)">David Myles</a>); <a href="/wiki/Acadian_Driftwood" title="Acadian Driftwood">Acadian Driftwood</a> (by <a href="/wiki/Robbie_Robertson" title="Robbie Robertson">Robbie Robertson</a>); Acadie (by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Lanois" title="Daniel Lanois">Daniel Lanois</a>); <a href="/wiki/Song_for_the_Mira" class="mw-redirect" title="Song for the Mira">Song For The Mira</a> (by <a href="/wiki/Allister_MacGillivray" title="Allister MacGillivray">Allister MacGillivray</a>) and My Nova Scotia Home (by <a href="/wiki/Hank_Snow" title="Hank Snow">Hank Snow</a>). </p><p>Nova Scotia has produced many significant songwriters, such as <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a> winning <a href="/wiki/Gordie_Sampson" title="Gordie Sampson">Gordie Sampson</a>, who has written songs for <a href="/wiki/Carrie_Underwood" title="Carrie Underwood">Carrie Underwood</a> ("Jesus, Take the Wheel", "Just a Dream", "Get Out of This Town"), <a href="/wiki/Martina_McBride" title="Martina McBride">Martina McBride</a> ("If I Had Your Name", "You're Not Leavin Me"), <a href="/wiki/LeAnn_Rimes" title="LeAnn Rimes">LeAnn Rimes</a> ("Long Night", "Save Myself"), and <a href="/wiki/George_Canyon" title="George Canyon">George Canyon</a> ("My Name"). Many of <a href="/wiki/Hank_Snow" title="Hank Snow">Hank Snow's</a> songs went on to be recorded by the likes of <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a>. Cape Bretoners <a href="/wiki/Allister_MacGillivray" title="Allister MacGillivray">Allister MacGillivray</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leon_Dubinsky" title="Leon Dubinsky">Leon Dubinsky</a> have both written songs which, by being covered by so many popular artists, and by entering the repertoire of so many choirs around the world, have become iconic representations of Nova Scotian style, values and ethos. Dubinsky's pop ballad "<a href="/wiki/Rise_Again_(The_Rankin_Family_song)" title="Rise Again (The Rankin Family song)">We Rise Again</a>" might be called the unofficial anthem of Cape Breton.<sup id="cite_ref-Leon_Dubinsky_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leon_Dubinsky-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Music producer <a href="/wiki/Brian_Ahern_(producer)" title="Brian Ahern (producer)">Brian Ahern</a> is a Nova Scotian. He got his start by being music director for CBC television's <a href="/wiki/Singalong_Jubilee" title="Singalong Jubilee">Singalong Jubilee</a>. He later produced 12 albums for <a href="/wiki/Anne_Murray" title="Anne Murray">Anne Murray</a> ("Snowbird", "Danny's Song" and "You Won't See Me"); 11 albums for <a href="/wiki/Emmylou_Harris" title="Emmylou Harris">Emmylou Harris</a> (whom he married at his home in Halifax on 9 January 1977).<sup id="cite_ref-Brian_Ahern_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brian_Ahern-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also produced discs for <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Jones" title="George Jones">George Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Orbison" title="Roy Orbison">Roy Orbison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glen_Campbell" title="Glen Campbell">Glen Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Don_Williams" title="Don Williams">Don Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Winchester" title="Jesse Winchester">Jesse Winchester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt" title="Linda Ronstadt">Linda Ronstadt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ahern_Allmusic_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ahern_Allmusic-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grammy winning songwriter and music producer <a href="/wiki/Cirkut" title="Cirkut">Cirkut</a>, known for writing and producing songs for <a href="/wiki/The_Weeknd" title="The Weeknd">The Weeknd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Britney_Spears" title="Britney Spears">Britney Spears</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miley_Cyrus" title="Miley Cyrus">Miley Cyrus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Katy_Perry" title="Katy Perry">Katy Perry</a>, was born and raised in Halifax before moving to Toronto in 2004. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cape_Breton_Screaming_Eagles_at_Halifax_Mooseheads_(February_6_2010)_(4336519788).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Cape_Breton_Screaming_Eagles_at_Halifax_Mooseheads_%28February_6_2010%29_%284336519788%29.jpg/220px-Cape_Breton_Screaming_Eagles_at_Halifax_Mooseheads_%28February_6_2010%29_%284336519788%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Cape_Breton_Screaming_Eagles_at_Halifax_Mooseheads_%28February_6_2010%29_%284336519788%29.jpg/330px-Cape_Breton_Screaming_Eagles_at_Halifax_Mooseheads_%28February_6_2010%29_%284336519788%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Cape_Breton_Screaming_Eagles_at_Halifax_Mooseheads_%28February_6_2010%29_%284336519788%29.jpg/440px-Cape_Breton_Screaming_Eagles_at_Halifax_Mooseheads_%28February_6_2010%29_%284336519788%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> game between the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Screaming_Eagles" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Breton Screaming Eagles">Cape Breton Screaming Eagles</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Halifax_Mooseheads" title="Halifax Mooseheads">Halifax Mooseheads</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Major_Junior" class="mw-redirect" title="Major Junior">Major Junior</a> hockey teams in Nova Scotia</figcaption></figure> <p>Sport is an important part of Nova Scotia culture. There are numerous semi pro, university and amateur sports teams, for example, The <a href="/wiki/Halifax_Mooseheads" title="Halifax Mooseheads">Halifax Mooseheads</a>, 2013 <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Hockey_League" title="Canadian Hockey League">Canadian Hockey League Memorial Cup Champions</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Screaming_Eagles" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Breton Screaming Eagles">Cape Breton Screaming Eagles</a>, both of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The <a href="/wiki/Halifax_Hurricanes" title="Halifax Hurricanes">Halifax Hurricanes</a> of the National Basketball League of Canada were another team that called Nova Scotia home, and were 2016 league champions.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Professional soccer came to the province in 2019 in the form of <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Premier_League" title="Canadian Premier League">Canadian Premier League</a> club <a href="/wiki/HFX_Wanderers_FC" title="HFX Wanderers FC">HFX Wanderers FC</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_Open" title="Nova Scotia Open">Nova Scotia Open</a> was a professional <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a> tournament on the <a href="/wiki/Web.com_Tour" class="mw-redirect" title="Web.com Tour">Web.com Tour</a> in 2014 and 2015. </p><p>The province has also produced numerous athletes such as <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Crosby" title="Sidney Crosby">Sidney Crosby</a> (ice hockey), <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Mackinnon" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathan Mackinnon">Nathan Mackinnon</a> (ice hockey), <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Steen" title="Lincoln Steen">Lincoln Steen</a> (Wrestling), <a href="/wiki/Brad_Marchand" title="Brad Marchand">Brad Marchand</a> (ice hockey), <a href="/wiki/Colleen_Jones" title="Colleen Jones">Colleen Jones</a> (curling), <a href="/wiki/Al_MacInnis" title="Al MacInnis">Al MacInnis</a> (ice hockey), <a href="/wiki/T._J._Grant" class="mw-redirect" title="T. J. Grant">T. J. Grant</a> (mixed martial arts), <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Johnson" title="Rocky Johnson">Rocky Johnson</a> (wrestling, and father of <a href="/wiki/Dwayne_Johnson" title="Dwayne Johnson">Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson</a>), <a href="/wiki/George_Dixon_(boxer)" title="George Dixon (boxer)">George Dixon</a> (boxing) and <a href="/wiki/Kirk_Johnson" title="Kirk Johnson">Kirk Johnson</a> (boxing). The achievements of Nova Scotian athletes are presented at the <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_Sport_Hall_of_Fame" title="Nova Scotia Sport Hall of Fame">Nova Scotia Sport Hall of Fame</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SteAnnes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/SteAnnes.jpg/220px-SteAnnes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/SteAnnes.jpg/330px-SteAnnes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/SteAnnes.jpg/440px-SteAnnes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1414" data-file-height="1185" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Sainte-Anne" title="Université Sainte-Anne">Université Sainte-Anne</a> is a Francophone university situated in <a href="/wiki/Pointe-de-l%27%C3%89glise,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pointe-de-l'Église, Nova Scotia">Pointe-de-l'Église</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Minister of Education is responsible for the administration and delivery of education, as defined by the Education Act<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other acts relating to colleges, universities and private schools. The powers of the Minister and the Department of Education are defined by the Ministerial regulations and constrained by the Governor-In-Council regulations.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>All children under the age of 16 are legally required to attend school unless the parents perform home schooling.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nova Scotia's education system is split up into eight different regions including; Tri-County (22 schools), Annapolis Valley (42 schools), South Shore (25 schools), Chignecto-Central (67 schools), Halifax (135 schools), Strait (20 schools), and Cape Breton-Victoria Regional Centre for Education (39 schools).<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nova Scotia has more than 450 public schools for children. The public system offers primary to Grade 12. There are also private schools in the province. Public education is administered by seven regional school boards, responsible primarily for English instruction and French immersion, and also province-wide by the <a href="/wiki/Conseil_Scolaire_Acadien_Provincial" class="mw-redirect" title="Conseil Scolaire Acadien Provincial">Conseil Scolaire Acadien Provincial</a>, which administers French instruction to students whose primary language is French.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_Community_College" title="Nova Scotia Community College">Nova Scotia Community College</a> system has 13 campuses around the province. With a focus on training and education, the <a href="/wiki/College_(Canada)" title="College (Canada)">college</a> was established in 1988 by amalgamating the province's former vocational schools. In addition to the provincial community college system, there are more than 90 registered private colleges in Nova Scotia.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ten universities are also situated in Nova Scotia, including <a href="/wiki/Dalhousie_University" title="Dalhousie University">Dalhousie University</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_King%27s_College" title="University of King's College">University of King's College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Mary%27s_University_(Halifax)" title="Saint Mary's University (Halifax)">Saint Mary's University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Saint_Vincent_University" title="Mount Saint Vincent University">Mount Saint Vincent University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_College_of_Art_and_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova Scotia College of Art and Design">NSCAD University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acadia_University" title="Acadia University">Acadia University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Sainte-Anne" title="Université Sainte-Anne">Université Sainte-Anne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_Xavier_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Francis Xavier University">Saint Francis Xavier University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_University" title="Cape Breton University">Cape Breton University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_School_of_Theology" title="Atlantic School of Theology">Atlantic School of Theology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Nova_Scotia%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Nova Scotia–related articles">Index of Nova Scotia–related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Outline of Nova Scotia">Outline of Nova Scotia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">NOH</span>-və <span style="font-size:90%">SKOH</span>-shə</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Nouvelle-Écosse</i>; <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a>: <i lang="gd">Alba Nuadh</i>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'New Scotland'</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Natural Resources Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www4.rncan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique/2abcb7c5af4311d892e2080020a0f4c9">"Place names – Nouvelle-Écosse / Nova 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+and+dwelling+counts%3A+Canada%2C+provinces+and+territories&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft.date=2022-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww150.statcan.gc.ca%2Ft1%2Ftbl1%2Fen%2Ftv.action%3Fpid%3D9810000101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000901">"Population estimates, quarterly"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a>. 27 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928010937/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000901">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+estimates%2C+quarterly&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft.date=2023-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww150.statcan.gc.ca%2Ft1%2Ftbl1%2Fen%2Ftv.action%3Fpid%3D1710000901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010214715/https://slmc.uottawa.ca/?q=english_french_legal">"The Legal Context of Canada's Official Languages"</a>. University of Ottawa. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Legal+Context+of+Canada%27s+Official+Languages&rft.pub=University+of+Ottawa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslmc.uottawa.ca%2F%3Fq%3Denglish_french_legal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FirstLang-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FirstLang_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://novascotia.ca/news/release/?id=20220407003">"Legislation Enshrines Mi'kmaw as Nova Scotia's First Language"</a>. <i>Province of Nova Scotia</i> (in English and Mi'kmaw). L'nu Affairs. 7 April 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220502085432/https://novascotia.ca/news/release/?id=20220407003">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Province+of+Nova+Scotia&rft.atitle=Legislation+Enshrines+Mi%27kmaw+as+Nova+Scotia%27s+First+Language&rft.date=2022-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnovascotia.ca%2Fnews%2Frelease%2F%3Fid%3D20220407003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LangAct-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LangAct_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nslegislature.ca/sites/default/files/legc/statutes/mi'kmaw%20language.pdf">Mi'kmaw Language Act</a></i>, SNS 2022, c. 5. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GDP2020-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GDP2020_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3610022201">"Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, provincial and territorial, annual (x 1,000,000)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a>. 9 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220423203300/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3610022201">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Statistics Canada. 8 February 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225002914/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=12&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=nova%20scotia&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Novascotia.com. Retrieved 12 July 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-royalcharter-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-royalcharter_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fadedpage.com/showbook.php?pid=20110202"><i>Nova Scotia: The Royal Charter of 1621 to Sir William Alexander</i></a>. Toronto: University of Toronto Press (Reprinted from the Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute, Vol. XIV, Part 1). 1922. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180408073335/https://www.fadedpage.com/showbook.php?pid=20110202">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Vol. 112, No. 230. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+North+American+Review&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Vol.+112%2C+No.+230&rft.date=1871&rft.aulast=Elder&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rand_1894-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rand_1894_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRand1894" class="citation book cs1">Rand, Silas Tertius (1894). <i>Legends of the Micmacs</i>. 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Retrieved 12 July 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParks_Canada_Agency2022" class="citation web cs1">Parks Canada Agency, Government of Canada (24 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://parks.canada.ca/lhn-nhs/ns/fortanne/culture/charles-fort/histoire-history">"Site history"</a>. <i>parks.canada.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Halifax: Formac Publishing. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780887806575" title="Special:BookSources/9780887806575"><bdi>9780887806575</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Half-Hearted+Enemies%3A+Nova+Scotia%2C+New+England+and+the+War+of+1812&rft.place=Halifax&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Formac+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780887806575&rft.aulast=Boileau&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeck1982" class="citation book cs1">Beck, James Murray (1982). <i>Joseph Howe: The Briton Becomes Canadian, 1848–1873</i>. 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(1999). <i>Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples</i>. Multicultural History Society of Ontario. p. 165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-2938-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-2938-6"><bdi>978-0-8020-2938-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Canada%27s+Peoples&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=Multicultural+History+Society+of+Ontario&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-2938-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marquis,_Greg_1998-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Marquis,_Greg_1998_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Marquis, Greg. <i>In Armageddon's Shadow: The Civil War and Canada's Maritime Provinces</i>. McGill-Queen's University Press. 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/n-s-votes-to-invite-turks-and-caicos-to-join-it-1.465836">"N.S. votes to invite Turks and Caicos to join it"</a>. <i>CBC News</i>. 22 April 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240224003525/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/n-s-votes-to-invite-turks-and-caicos-to-join-it-1.465836">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=N.S.+votes+to+invite+Turks+and+Caicos+to+join+it&rft.date=2004-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fn-s-votes-to-invite-turks-and-caicos-to-join-it-1.465836&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillies2020" class="citation web cs1">Gillies, Rob (19 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/7c9a33ae52420e0ddbfb5275898a7e79">"Gunman kills 16 in rampage, deadliest in Canadian history"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gunman+kills+16+in+rampage%2C+deadliest+in+Canadian+history&rft.pub=Associated+Press&rft.date=2020-04-19&rft.aulast=Gillies&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2F7c9a33ae52420e0ddbfb5275898a7e79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ECclimate-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ECclimate_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECclimate_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100419024000/http://atlantic-web1.ns.ec.gc.ca/climatecentre/default.asp?lang=En&n=61405176-1">"The Climate of Nova Scotia"</a>. <i>The Climates of Canada</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Climates+of+Canada&rft.atitle=The+Climate+of+Nova+Scotia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fatlantic-web1.ns.ec.gc.ca%2Fclimatecentre%2Fdefault.asp%3Flang%3DEn%26n%3D61405176-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrison1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Harrison" title="Ted Harrison">Harrison, Ted</a> (1993). <i>O Canada</i>. Ticknor & Fields.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=O+Canada&rft.pub=Ticknor+%26+Fields&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Ted&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maritimemuseum.novascotia.ca/research/sable-island">"Sable Island: Shipwrecks and Lifesaving"</a>. <i>Maritime Museum of the Atlantic</i>. 14 February 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211207055001/https://maritimemuseum.novascotia.ca/research/sable-island">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maritime+Museum+of+the+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Sable+Island%3A+Shipwrecks+and+Lifesaving&rft.date=2013-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaritimemuseum.novascotia.ca%2Fresearch%2Fsable-island&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Gaspe, Canada". <i>Princess Explorations Café (Powered by the New York Times)</i>. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Princess+Explorations+Caf%C3%A9+%28Powered+by+the+New+York+Times%29&rft.atitle=Gaspe%2C+Canada&rft.date=2016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?StationID=10792&timeframe=2&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2021&Day=15&Year=2020&Month=8#">"Daily Data Report for August 2020: Grand Etang, Nova Scotia"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Daily+Data+Report+for+August+2020%3A+Grand+Etang%2C+Nova+Scotia&rft.pub=Government+of+Canada&rft.date=2011-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclimate.weather.gc.ca%2Fclimate_data%2Fdaily_data_e.html%3FStationID%3D10792%26timeframe%3D2%26StartYear%3D1840%26EndYear%3D2021%26Day%3D15%26Year%3D2020%26Month%3D8%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Canadian_Climate_Normals_1981-2010-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Canadian_Climate_Normals_1981-2010_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/index_e.html">"Canadian Climate Normals"</a>. Environment and Climate Change Canada. 11 June 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140227145147/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/index_e.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canadian+Climate+Normals&rft.pub=Environment+and+Climate+Change+Canada&rft.date=2019-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimate.weather.gc.ca%2Fclimate_normals%2Findex_e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStatistics_Canada2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a> (November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=12&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&SearchText=Nova+Scotia&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Ethnic%20origin&TABID=1&type=1">"Population by selected ethnic origins, by province and territory (2016 Census) (Nova Scotia)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115194931/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=12&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&SearchText=Nova+Scotia&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Ethnic%20origin&TABID=1&type=1">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+by+selected+ethnic+origins%2C+by+province+and+territory+%282016+Census%29+%28Nova+Scotia%29&rft.date=2017-11&rft.au=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2016%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DPR%26Code1%3D12%26Geo2%3DPR%26Code2%3D01%26SearchText%3DNova%2BScotia%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26B1%3DEthnic%2520origin%26TABID%3D1%26type%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-language2021-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-language2021_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2022" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (17 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A000212&HEADERlist=,15,13,18,12,16,14,17&SearchText=Nova%20Scotia">"Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Nova Scotia [Province]"</a>. <i>www12.statcan.gc.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220818000838/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A000212&HEADERlist=,15,13,18,12,16,14,17&SearchText=Nova%20Scotia">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www12.statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Census+Profile%2C+2021+Census+of+Population+Profile+table+Nova+Scotia+%5BProvince%5D&rft.date=2022-08-17&rft.aulast=Government+of+Canada&rft.aufirst=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2021%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLANG%3DE%26GENDERlist%3D1%2C2%2C3%26STATISTIClist%3D1%2C4%26DGUIDlist%3D2021A000212%26HEADERlist%3D%2C15%2C13%2C18%2C12%2C16%2C14%2C17%26SearchText%3DNova%2520Scotia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/tbt-tt/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=2&LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=103251&PRID=0&PTYPE=101955&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2011&THEME=90&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=">"Detailed Mother Tongue (192), Single and Multiple Language Responses (3), Age Groups (7) and Sex (3) for the Population Excluding Institutional Residents of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2011 Census"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210830155022/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/tbt-tt/Rp-eng.cfm?TABID=2&LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=1&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=103251&PRID=0&PTYPE=101955&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2011&THEME=90&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Detailed+Mother+Tongue+%28192%29%2C+Single+and+Multiple+Language+Responses+%283%29%2C+Age+Groups+%287%29+and+Sex+%283%29+for+the+Population+Excluding+Institutional+Residents+of+Canada%2C+Provinces%2C+Territories%2C+Census+Divisions+and+Census+Subdivisions%2C+2011+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2011%2Fdp-pd%2Ftbt-tt%2FRp-eng.cfm%3FTABID%3D2%26LANG%3DE%26APATH%3D3%26DETAIL%3D1%26DIM%3D0%26FL%3DA%26FREE%3D0%26GC%3D0%26GK%3D0%26GRP%3D1%26PID%3D103251%26PRID%3D0%26PTYPE%3D101955%26S%3D0%26SHOWALL%3D0%26SUB%3D0%26Temporal%3D2011%26THEME%3D90%26VID%3D0%26VNAMEE%3D%26VNAMEF%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-plate-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-plate_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atlantic.ctvnews.ca/nova-scotia-unveils-gaelic-licence-plate-as-it-seeks-to-expand-language-1.3910559#_gus&_gucid=&_gup=Facebook&_gsc=sEr8tNZ">"Nova Scotia unveils Gaelic licence plate, as it seeks to expand language"</a>. <i>Atlantic CTV News</i>. The Canadian Press. 1 May 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210816082804/https://atlantic.ctvnews.ca/nova-scotia-unveils-gaelic-licence-plate-as-it-seeks-to-expand-language-1.3910559#_gus&_gucid=&_gup=Facebook&_gsc=sEr8tNZ">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atlantic+CTV+News&rft.atitle=Nova+Scotia+unveils+Gaelic+licence+plate%2C+as+it+seeks+to+expand+language&rft.date=2018-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fatlantic.ctvnews.ca%2Fnova-scotia-unveils-gaelic-licence-plate-as-it-seeks-to-expand-language-1.3910559%23_gus%26_gucid%3D%26_gup%3DFacebook%26_gsc%3DsEr8tNZ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021censusB-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2021censusB_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2022" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (26 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Nova%20Scotia&DGUIDlist=2021A000212&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0">"Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population"</a>. <i>www12.statcan.gc.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221101122312/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Nova%20Scotia&DGUIDlist=2021A000212&GENDERlist=1%2C2%2C3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www12.statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Census+Profile%2C+2021+Census+of+Population&rft.date=2022-10-26&rft.aulast=Government+of+Canada&rft.aufirst=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2021%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26SearchText%3DNova%2520Scotia%26DGUIDlist%3D2021A000212%26GENDERlist%3D1%2C2%2C3%26STATISTIClist%3D1%26HEADERlist%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-religion2011d-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-religion2011d_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/130508/dq130508b-eng.htm?HPA">"Religions in Canada—Census 2011"</a>. Statistics Canada/Statistique Canada. 8 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151219142107/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/130508/dq130508b-eng.htm?HPA">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religions+in+Canada%E2%80%94Census+2011&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada%2FStatistique+Canada&rft.date=2013-05-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statcan.gc.ca%2Fdaily-quotidien%2F130508%2Fdq130508b-eng.htm%3FHPA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A history and geography of Nova Scotia by John Burgess Calkin: p. 88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3610022201&pickMembers%5B0%5D=1.4&pickMembers%5B1%5D=2.2">"Gross domestic product, expenditure-based, provincial and territorial, annual (x 1,000,000)"</a>. <i>statcan.gc.ca</i>. 19 November 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211205025335/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3610022201">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Gross+domestic+product%2C+expenditure-based%2C+provincial+and+territorial%2C+annual+%28x+1%2C000%2C000%29&rft.date=2012-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww150.statcan.gc.ca%2Ft1%2Ftbl1%2Fen%2Ftv.action%3Fpid%3D3610022201%26pickMembers%255B0%255D%3D1.4%26pickMembers%255B1%255D%3D2.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.ns.ca/finance/statistics/analysis/default.asp?id=1&sid=5">"Province of Nova Scotia"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130910015125/http://www.gov.ns.ca/finance/statistics/analysis/default.asp?id=1">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Province+of+Nova+Scotia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.ns.ca%2Ffinance%2Fstatistics%2Fanalysis%2Fdefault.asp%3Fid%3D1%26sid%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1110001201&pickMembers%5B0%5D=1.5">"Median total income, by family type, by province and territory"</a>. Statistics Canada. 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211206013039/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1110001201">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Median+total+income%2C+by+family+type%2C+by+province+and+territory&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww150.statcan.gc.ca%2Ft1%2Ftbl1%2Fen%2Ftv.action%3Fpid%3D1110001201%26pickMembers%255B0%255D%3D1.5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1110001201&pickMembers%5B0%5D=1.6">"Median total income, by family type, by census metropolitan area"</a>. Statistics Canada. 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211206013039/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1110001201">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Median+total+income%2C+by+family+type%2C+by+census+metropolitan+area&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww150.statcan.gc.ca%2Ft1%2Ftbl1%2Fen%2Ftv.action%3Fpid%3D1110001201%26pickMembers%255B0%255D%3D1.6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTower_Software" class="citation web cs1">Tower Software. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100531053941/http://www.twrsoft.com/trivia/hist04.htm">"The Nova Scotian Economy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twrsoft.com/trivia/hist04.htm">the original</a> on 31 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nova+Scotian+Economy&rft.au=Tower+Software&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.twrsoft.com%2Ftrivia%2Fhist04.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrade_Team_Nova_Scotia" class="citation web cs1">Trade Team Nova Scotia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090606001941/http://ttns.gov.ns.ca/en/home/doingbusiness/gettingtoknowus/sectorsnapshots/fisheriesaquaculture.aspx">"Fisheries & Aquaculture"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ttns.gov.ns.ca/en/home/doingbusiness/gettingtoknowus/sectorsnapshots/fisheriesaquaculture.aspx">the original</a> on 6 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fisheries+%26+Aquaculture&rft.au=Trade+Team+Nova+Scotia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fttns.gov.ns.ca%2Fen%2Fhome%2Fdoingbusiness%2Fgettingtoknowus%2Fsectorsnapshots%2Ffisheriesaquaculture.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nova Scotia's Merchandise Trade with the World <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.lop.parl.gc.ca/content/lop/ResearchPublications/2013-38-e.htm">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160216044713/http://www.lop.parl.gc.ca/content/lop/ResearchPublications/2013-38-e.htm">Archived</a> 16 February 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFish_in_Crisis" class="citation web cs1">Fish in Crisis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fisherycrisis.com">"The Starving Ocean"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210928053844/http://www.fisherycrisis.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Registered+Colleges+for+2010%E2%80%932011&rft.pub=Province+of+Nova+Scotia&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpcc.ednet.ns.ca%2Fschools.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://studynovascotia.ca/universities/">"Universities – Study Nova Scotia"</a>. <i>studynovascotia.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210928162647/https://studynovascotia.ca/universities/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=studynovascotia.ca&rft.atitle=Universities+%E2%80%93+Study+Nova+Scotia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstudynovascotia.ca%2Funiversities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Bibliography of Nova Scotia">Bibliography of Nova Scotia</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNova_Scotia_Geomatics_Centre2006" class="citation book cs1">Nova Scotia Geomatics Centre, ed. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZuhVOMKpgNoC&q=Nova%20Scotia&pg=PP1"><i>The Nova Scotia Atlas</i></a>. Province of Nova Scotia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88780-707-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88780-707-7"><bdi>978-0-88780-707-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210612053001/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZuhVOMKpgNoC&q=Nova%20Scotia&pg=PP1">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nova+Scotia+Atlas&rft.pub=Province+of+Nova+Scotia&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-88780-707-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZuhVOMKpgNoC%26q%3DNova%2520Scotia%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bartlet_Brebner" title="John Bartlet Brebner">Brebner, John Bartlet</a>. <i>New England's Outpost. Acadia before the Conquest of Canada</i> (1927)</li> <li>Brebner, John Bartlet. <i>The Neutral Yankees of Nova Scotia: A Marginal Colony During the Revolutionary Years</i> (1937)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCreighton1966" class="citation book cs1">Creighton, Helen (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJAAC_9ykKQC&q=Nova%20Scotia&pg=PP1"><i>Songs and Ballads from Nova Scotia</i></a>. Dover Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-21703-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-21703-1"><bdi>978-0-486-21703-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210612052635/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJAAC_9ykKQC&q=Nova%20Scotia&pg=PP1">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Songs+and+Ballads+from+Nova+Scotia&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=978-0-486-21703-1&rft.aulast=Creighton&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZJAAC_9ykKQC%26q%3DNova%2520Scotia%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffiths2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Naomi_E._S._Griffiths" title="Naomi E. S. Griffiths">Griffiths, N.E.S.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cG4wSmIlziYC&pg=PP1"><i>From Migrant to Acadian: A North American Border People, 1604–1755</i></a>. McGill-Queen's University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2699-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2699-0"><bdi>978-0-7735-2699-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200612134132/https://books.google.com/books?id=cG4wSmIlziYC">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Migrant+to+Acadian%3A+A+North+American+Border+People%2C+1604%E2%80%931755&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-2699-0&rft.aulast=Griffiths&rft.aufirst=N.E.S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcG4wSmIlziYC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANova+Scotia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Grenier, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jVG5h6G5fWMC&dq=The%20Far%20Reaches%20of%20Empire.%20%20War%20in%20Nova%20Scotia%2C%201710-1760&pg=PP1">The Far Reaches of Empire. War in Nova Scotia, 1710–1760</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160110041531/https://books.google.com/books?id=jVG5h6G5fWMC&lpg=PP1&dq=The%20Far%20Reaches%20of%20Empire.%20%20War%20in%20Nova%20Scotia,%201710-1760&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true">Archived</a> 10 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, 2008. (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780806138763" title="Special:BookSources/9780806138763">9780806138763</a>)</li> <li>Landry, Peter. The Lion & The Lily. Vol. 1, Trafford Publishing, Victoria, BC., 2007. (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1425154506" title="Special:BookSources/1425154506">1425154506</a>)</li> <li>Murdoch, Beamish. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ahistorynovasco04murdgoog">History of Nova Scotia, Or Acadie</a>. Vol 2. BiblioBazaar, LaVergne, TN, 1865.</li> <li>Pryke, Kenneth G. <i>Nova Scotia and Confederation, 1864–74</i> (1979) (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-5389-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-5389-0">0-8020-5389-0</a>)</li> <li>Thomas Akins. History of Halifax, Brookhouse Press. 1895. (2002 edition) (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1141698536" title="Special:BookSources/1141698536">1141698536</a>)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Scotia&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://novascotia.ca/">Official website of the Government of Nova Scotia</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at 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navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nova_Scotia" title="Template:Nova Scotia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Nova_Scotia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Nova Scotia (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nova_Scotia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nova Scotia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nova_Scotia356" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nova Scotia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Government of Nova Scotia">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Premier of Nova Scotia">Premier of Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nova_Scotia_government_departments_and_agencies" title="Category:Nova Scotia government departments and agencies">Departments and agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_House_(Nova_Scotia)" title="Province House (Nova Scotia)">Province House</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Category:Government of Nova Scotia">more...</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nova_Scotia-map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Nova_Scotia-map.png/150px-Nova_Scotia-map.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Nova_Scotia-map.png/225px-Nova_Scotia-map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Nova_Scotia-map.png 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="230" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Geography of Nova Scotia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Census_divisions_of_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Census divisions of Nova Scotia">Subdivisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geographic_regions_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Category:Geographic regions of Nova Scotia">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands of Nova Scotia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Nova_Scotia" title="List of lakes of Nova Scotia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Category:Mountains of Nova Scotia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Nova_Scotia" title="List of rivers of Nova Scotia">Rivers</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Category:Geography of Nova Scotia">more...</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Nova_Scotia#Culture_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Outline of Nova Scotia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_Nova_Scotia" title="Category:Festivals in Nova Scotia">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Nova_Scotia" title="List of people from Nova Scotia">Notable people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Nova_Scotia" title="List of museums in Nova Scotia">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Music of Nova Scotia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_in_Nova_Scotia" title="Category:Religion in Nova Scotia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Theatres_in_Nova_Scotia" title="Category:Theatres in Nova Scotia">Theatres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Nova_Scotia" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Nova Scotia">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Nova_Scotia" title="Category:Companies based in Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia based companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mines_in_Nova_Scotia" title="List of mines in Nova Scotia">Mining</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airlines_of_Nova_Scotia" title="List of airlines of Nova Scotia">Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Nova_Scotia" title="List of airports in Nova Scotia">Airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Public_transport_in_Nova_Scotia" title="Category:Public transport in Nova Scotia">Public transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rail_transport_in_Nova_Scotia" title="Category:Rail transport in Nova Scotia">Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roads in Nova Scotia">Roads</a> and <a href="/wiki/100-series_highways_(Nova_Scotia)" title="100-series highways (Nova Scotia)">highways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nova_Scotia" title="History of Nova Scotia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Acadians" title="History of the Acadians">Acadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%27kmaq" title="Mi'kmaq">Mi'kmaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Nova Scotia in the American Revolution">American Revolution</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Bibliography of Nova Scotia">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Military history of Nova Scotia">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_history_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Category:Natural history of Nova Scotia">Natural history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_history_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Category:Political history of Nova Scotia">Political history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Outline of Nova Scotia">General Outline</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Nova_Scotia" title="Category:Nova Scotia">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Nova_Scotia" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Nova Scotia">WikiProject</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Subdivisions_of_Nova_Scotia580" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Subdivisions_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Template:Subdivisions of Nova Scotia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Subdivisions_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Template talk:Subdivisions of Nova Scotia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Subdivisions_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Subdivisions of Nova Scotia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Subdivisions_of_Nova_Scotia580" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Subdivisions of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nova Scotia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_of_Nova_Scotia" title="List of counties of Nova Scotia">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annapolis_County,_Nova_Scotia" title="Annapolis County, Nova Scotia">Annapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigonish_County,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Antigonish County, Nova Scotia">Antigonish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_County" title="Cape Breton County">Cape Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchester_County" title="Colchester County">Colchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_County,_Nova_Scotia" title="Cumberland County, Nova Scotia">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digby_County,_Nova_Scotia" title="Digby County, Nova Scotia">Digby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guysborough_County,_Nova_Scotia" title="Guysborough County, Nova Scotia">Guysborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_County,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax County, Nova Scotia">Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hants_County,_Nova_Scotia" title="Hants County, Nova Scotia">Hants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness_County,_Nova_Scotia" title="Inverness County, Nova Scotia">Inverness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_County,_Nova_Scotia" title="Kings County, Nova Scotia">Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunenburg_County,_Nova_Scotia" title="Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia">Lunenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictou_County,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pictou County, Nova Scotia">Pictou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens_County,_Nova_Scotia" title="Queens County, Nova Scotia">Queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_County,_Nova_Scotia" title="Richmond County, Nova Scotia">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelburne_County,_Nova_Scotia" title="Shelburne County, Nova Scotia">Shelburne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_County,_Nova_Scotia" title="Victoria County, Nova Scotia">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarmouth_County,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia">Yarmouth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_county_municipalities_in_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of county municipalities in Nova Scotia">County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annapolis_County,_Nova_Scotia" title="Annapolis County, Nova Scotia">Annapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipality_of_the_County_of_Antigonish" title="Municipality of the County of Antigonish">Antigonish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchester_County" title="Colchester County">Colchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_County,_Nova_Scotia" title="Cumberland County, Nova Scotia">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipality_of_the_County_of_Inverness" title="Municipality of the County of Inverness">Inverness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_County,_Nova_Scotia" title="Kings County, Nova Scotia">Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictou_County,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pictou County, Nova Scotia">Pictou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_County,_Nova_Scotia" title="Richmond County, Nova Scotia">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipality_of_the_County_of_Victoria" title="Municipality of the County of Victoria">Victoria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regional_municipality" title="Regional municipality">Regional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Regional_Municipality" title="Cape Breton Regional Municipality">Cape Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Region_of_Queens_Municipality" title="Region of Queens Municipality">Queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Hants_Regional_Municipality" title="West Hants Regional Municipality">West Hants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Nova_Scotia#District_municipalities" title="List of municipalities in Nova Scotia">District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Municipality_of_the_District_of_Argyle" title="Municipality of the District of Argyle">Argyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipality_of_the_District_of_Barrington" title="Municipality of the District of Barrington">Barrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipality_of_the_District_of_Chester" title="Municipality of the District of Chester">Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipality_of_the_District_of_Clare" title="Municipality of the District of Clare">Clare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipality_of_the_District_of_Digby" title="Municipality of the District of Digby">Digby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipality_of_the_District_of_East_Hants" title="Municipality of the District of East Hants">East Hants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipality_of_the_District_of_Guysborough" title="Municipality of the District of Guysborough">Guysborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipality_of_the_District_of_Lunenburg" title="Municipality of the District of Lunenburg">Lunenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipality_of_the_District_of_Shelburne" title="Municipality of the District of Shelburne">Shelburne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipality_of_the_District_of_St._Mary%27s" title="Municipality of the District of St. Mary's">St. Mary's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipality_of_the_District_of_Yarmouth" title="Municipality of the District of Yarmouth">Yarmouth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Nova_Scotia" title="List of towns in Nova Scotia">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amherst,_Nova_Scotia" title="Amherst, Nova Scotia">Amherst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Royal" title="Annapolis Royal">Annapolis Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigonish,_Nova_Scotia" title="Antigonish, Nova Scotia">Antigonish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berwick,_Nova_Scotia" title="Berwick, Nova Scotia">Berwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgewater,_Nova_Scotia" title="Bridgewater, Nova Scotia">Bridgewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark%27s_Harbour" title="Clark's Harbour">Clark's Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digby,_Nova_Scotia" title="Digby, Nova Scotia">Digby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentville" title="Kentville">Kentville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockeport" title="Lockeport">Lockeport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunenburg,_Nova_Scotia" title="Lunenburg, Nova Scotia">Lunenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahone_Bay,_Nova_Scotia" title="Mahone Bay, Nova Scotia">Mahone Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middleton,_Nova_Scotia" title="Middleton, Nova Scotia">Middleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulgrave,_Nova_Scotia" title="Mulgrave, Nova Scotia">Mulgrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Glasgow,_Nova_Scotia" title="New Glasgow, Nova Scotia">New Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford,_Nova_Scotia" title="Oxford, Nova Scotia">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictou" title="Pictou">Pictou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Hawkesbury" title="Port Hawkesbury">Port Hawkesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelburne,_Nova_Scotia" title="Shelburne, Nova Scotia">Shelburne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellarton" title="Stellarton">Stellarton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewiacke" title="Stewiacke">Stewiacke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton,_Nova_Scotia" title="Trenton, Nova Scotia">Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truro,_Nova_Scotia" title="Truro, Nova Scotia">Truro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westville,_Nova_Scotia" title="Westville, Nova Scotia">Westville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfville" title="Wolfville">Wolfville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarmouth,_Nova_Scotia" title="Yarmouth, Nova Scotia">Yarmouth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Villages_of_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Villages of Nova Scotia">Villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aylesford,_Nova_Scotia" title="Aylesford, Nova Scotia">Aylesford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baddeck,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Baddeck, Nova Scotia">Baddeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Hill,_Nova_Scotia" title="Bible Hill, Nova Scotia">Bible Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canning,_Nova_Scotia" title="Canning, Nova Scotia">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester,_Nova_Scotia" title="Chester, Nova Scotia">Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwallis_Square" title="Cornwallis Square">Cornwallis Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dover,_Nova_Scotia" title="Dover, Nova Scotia">Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeport,_Nova_Scotia" title="Freeport, Nova Scotia">Freeport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwood,_Nova_Scotia" title="Greenwood, Nova Scotia">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebbville,_Nova_Scotia" title="Hebbville, Nova Scotia">Hebbville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Nova_Scotia" title="Kingston, Nova Scotia">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrencetown,_Annapolis_County" title="Lawrencetown, Annapolis County">Lawrencetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Minas" title="New Minas">New Minas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Williams,_Nova_Scotia" title="Port Williams, Nova Scotia">Port Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pugwash,_Nova_Scotia" title="Pugwash, Nova Scotia">Pugwash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Hebert,_Nova_Scotia" title="River Hebert, Nova Scotia">River Hebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s,_Nova_Scotia" title="St. Peter's, Nova Scotia">St. Peter's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatamagouche" title="Tatamagouche">Tatamagouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiverton,_Nova_Scotia" title="Tiverton, Nova Scotia">Tiverton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westport,_Nova_Scotia" title="Westport, Nova Scotia">Westport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weymouth,_Nova_Scotia" title="Weymouth, Nova Scotia">Weymouth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Canada#Nova_Scotia" title="List of regions of Canada">Economic regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Valley" title="Annapolis Valley">Annapolis Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Cape Breton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax Regional Municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Shore_(Nova_Scotia)" title="North Shore (Nova Scotia)">North Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Nova_Scotia" title="Southern Nova Scotia">Southern Nova Scotia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Administrative divisions of Nova Scotia">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communities_in_Nova_Scotia" title="List of communities in Nova Scotia">Communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Nova_Scotia" title="List of municipalities in Nova Scotia">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Nova_Scotia" title="List of people from Nova Scotia">People</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Nova_Scotia" title="Category:Nova Scotia">Category:Nova Scotia</a></b></li> <li><b> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Portal:Canada</a></b></li> <li><b> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Nova_Scotia" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Nova Scotia">WikiProject:Nova Scotia</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada321" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Template:Provinces and territories of Canada"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Template talk:Provinces and territories of Canada"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Provinces and territories of Canada"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada321" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Provinces and territories of Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Former_colonies_and_territories_in_Canada" title="Former colonies and territories in Canada">Former colonies and territories in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Canada" title="Territorial evolution of Canada">Territorial evolution of Canada</a> after 1867</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="List of proposed provinces and territories of Canada">Proposed provinces and territories of Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provinces_and_territories_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian provinces and territories by area">Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Canadian_provinces_and_territories" title="Bibliography of Canadian provinces and territories">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Canadian_provinces" title="Extreme points of Canadian provinces">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governments_in_Canada_by_annual_expenditures" title="List of governments in Canada by annual expenditures">Spending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provinces_and_territories_by_gross_domestic_product" title="List of Canadian provinces and territories by gross domestic product">GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_policies_of_Canada%27s_provinces_and_territories" title="Language policies of Canada's provinces and territories">Language policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_peaks_of_Canada" title="Mountain peaks of Canada">Peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_and_territorial_museums_of_Canada" title="Provincial and territorial museums of Canada">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provincial_and_territorial_name_etymologies" title="List of Canadian provincial and territorial name etymologies">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_of_Canada_by_province_and_territory" title="Population of Canada by province and territory">Population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Canada" title="List of regions of Canada">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provincial_and_territorial_symbols" title="List of Canadian provincial and territorial symbols">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Flags of provinces and territories of Canada">Flags</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canada-related_topics_by_provinces_and_territories" title="List of Canada-related topics by provinces and territories">Topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provinces_by_unemployment_rate" title="List of Canadian provinces by unemployment rate">Unemployment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Category:Provinces and territories of Canada">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Acadia185" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Acadia" title="Template:Acadia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Acadia" title="Template talk:Acadia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Acadia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Acadia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Acadia185" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia (New France)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangeline" title="Evangeline">Evangeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Acadians" title="Expulsion of the Acadians">Expulsion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Acadia" title="List of governors of Acadia">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand-Pr%C3%A9_National_Historic_Site" title="Grand-Pré National Historic Site">Grand-Pré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Acadians" title="History of the Acadians">General history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Acadians" title="Military history of the Acadians">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port-Royal_(Acadia)" title="Port-Royal (Acadia)">Port-Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Monckton" title="Robert Monckton">Robert Monckton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Proclamation_of_2003" title="Royal Proclamation of 2003">Royal Proclamation of 2003</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadia_(region)" title="Acadia (region)">Acadia (region)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acadian_French" title="Acadian French">Acadian French</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiac" title="Chiac">Chiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brayon" title="Brayon">Brayon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acadian_World_Congress" title="Acadian World Congress">Acadian World Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acadians" title="Acadians">Acadians</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Acadians" title="List of Acadians">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acadian_cuisine" title="Acadian cuisine">Acadian cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Acadia" title="Flag of Acadia">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Acadian_Day" title="National Acadian Day">National Acadian Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tintamarre" title="Tintamarre">Tintamarre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_communautaire_du_Nouveau-Brunswick" title="Collège communautaire du Nouveau-Brunswick">Collège communautaire du Nouveau-Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_l%27%C3%8Ele" title="Collège de l'Île">Collège de l'Île</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_College_of_Forest_Technology" title="Maritime College of Forest Technology">Collège de Technologie forestière des Maritimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Acadie_Nouvelle" title="L'Acadie Nouvelle">L'Acadie Nouvelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNI_Financial_Cooperation" title="UNI Financial Cooperation">UNI Financial Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Moncton" title="Université de Moncton">Université de Moncton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Sainte-Anne" title="Université Sainte-Anne">Université Sainte-Anne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadian_Peninsula" title="Acadian Peninsula">Acadian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cajuns" title="Cajuns">Cajuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Canadians" title="French Canadians">French Canadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_diaspora" title="French diaspora">French diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Acadia" title="Category:Acadia">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Canada559" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canada_topics" title="Template:Canada topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canada_topics" title="Template talk:Canada topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canada_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canada topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Canada559" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada" title="History of Canada">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Canada" title="List of years in Canada">Year list</a></b> <br /><b>(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Canadian_history" title="Timeline of Canadian history">timeline</a>)</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_indigenous_peoples_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the indigenous peoples of Canada">Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France (1534–1763)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada_(1763%E2%80%931867)" title="History of Canada (1763–1867)">British Canada (1763–1867)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Confederation_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931914)" title="Post-Confederation Canada (1867–1914)">Post-Confederation (1867–1914)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_the_world_wars_and_interwar_period" title="Canada in the world wars and interwar period">World wars and interwar period (1914–1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada_(1945%E2%80%931960)" title="History of Canada (1945–1960)">1945–1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada_(1960%E2%80%931981)" title="History of Canada (1960–1981)">1960–1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada_(1982%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Canada (1982–present)">since 1982</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Canada#History_of_Canada" title="Outline of Canada">Topics</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_history_of_Canada" title="Constitutional history of Canada">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada_and_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada and the Indigenous peoples of Canada">Crown and Indigenous people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Canada" title="Economic history of Canada">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Canada" title="Name of Canada">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canadian_foreign_policy" title="History of Canadian foreign policy">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_colonies_and_territories_in_Canada" title="Former colonies and territories in Canada">Former colonies and territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_immigration_to_Canada" title="History of immigration to Canada">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Canada" title="Military history of Canada">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_monarchy_in_Canada" title="History of monarchy in Canada">Monarchical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada" title="National Historic Sites of Canada">National Historic Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persons_of_National_Historic_Significance" title="Persons of National Historic Significance">Persons of significance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Canada" title="Racism in Canada">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Canada" title="Territorial evolution of Canada">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_Canada" title="History of women in Canada">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Provinces<br />and territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b>Provinces</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b>Territories</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Canada" title="Geography of Canada">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Canada" title="List of regions of Canada">Regions</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(west to east)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Prairies" title="Canadian Prairies">Canadian Prairies</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Canada" title="Northern Canada">Northern Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Shield" title="Canadian Shield">Canadian Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Canada" title="Central Canada">Central Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_region" title="Great Lakes region">Great Lakes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Canada" title="Eastern Canada">Eastern Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Maritimes" title="The Maritimes">The Maritimes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Canada#Geography_of_Canada" title="Outline of Canada">Topics</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Canada" title="List of cities in Canada">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Canada" title="List of earthquakes in Canada">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Canada" title="List of islands of Canada">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_peaks_of_Canada" title="Mountain peaks of Canada">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Canada" title="National parks of Canada">National Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Canada" title="List of rivers of Canada">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Canada" title="Wildlife of Canada">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_of_Canada" title="Volcanism of Canada">Volcanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Canada" title="Law of Canada">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Canada" title="Constitution of Canada">Constitution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Monarch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament</a> (<a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Canada" title="List of prime ministers of Canada">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_system_of_Canada" title="Court system of Canada">Courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Canada" title="Supreme Court of Canada">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Canadian Armed Forces">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_peacekeeping" title="Canadian peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_government_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal government in Canada">Local government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Canada" title="Foreign relations of Canada">Foreign relations</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Politics37" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Canada" title="Politics of Canada">Politics</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Canada" title="Elections in Canada">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Canada" title="Human rights in Canada">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Canada" title="Feminism in Canada">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_genocide_of_Indigenous_peoples" title="Canadian genocide of Indigenous peoples">Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Canada" title="LGBTQ rights in Canada">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism_in_Canada" title="Multiculturalism in Canada">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Canada" title="Cannabis in Canada">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearms_regulation_in_Canada" title="Firearms regulation in Canada">Firearms regulation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Canada" title="Economy of Canada">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Canada" title="Agriculture in Canada">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming_in_Canada" title="Dairy farming in Canada">Dairy farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floriculture_in_Canada" title="Floriculture in Canada">Floriculture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Canada" title="Banking in Canada">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">Dollar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Canada" title="Telecommunications in Canada">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Canada" title="List of companies of Canada">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Canada" title="Energy policy of Canada">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Canada" title="Fishing industry in Canada">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_reserves_in_Canada" title="Oil reserves in Canada">Oil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Canada" title="Petroleum industry in Canada">Petroleum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Stock_Exchange" title="Toronto Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Canada" title="Taxation in Canada">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Canada" title="Tourism in Canada">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Canada" title="Transportation in Canada">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Canada" title="Science and technology in Canada">Science and tech</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Canada" title="Demographics of Canada">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b>Topics</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_census" title="2021 Canadian census">2021 Census</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_origins_of_people_in_Canada" title="Ethnic origins of people in Canada">Ethnicity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_in_Canada" title="Disability in Canada">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Canada" title="Immigration to Canada">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Canada" title="Languages of Canada">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_of_Canada" title="Population of Canada">Population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Canada" title="Religion in Canada">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b>Lists</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_census_metropolitan_areas_and_agglomerations_in_Canada" title="List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada">Metropolitan areas and agglomerations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_municipalities_in_Canada_by_population" title="List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_population_centres_in_Canada" title="List of the largest population centres in Canada">Population centres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Canada" title="Education in Canada">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Canada" title="Higher education in Canada">Higher education</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Canada" title="Healthcare in Canada">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Canada" title="Abortion in Canada">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_Canada" title="Euthanasia in Canada">Euthanasia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Canada" title="Law enforcement in Canada">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Canada" title="Crime in Canada">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Canada" title="Corruption in Canada">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Canada" title="Terrorism in Canada">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Canada" title="Poverty in Canada">Poverty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Canada" title="Homelessness in Canada">Homelessness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_programs_in_Canada" title="Social programs in Canada">Social programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_values" title="Canadian values">Values</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Canada" title="Culture of Canada">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Canada" title="Architecture of Canada">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_art" title="Canadian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Canada" title="Cinema of Canada">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_cuisine" title="Canadian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_folklore" title="Canadian folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Canada" title="Public holidays in Canada">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_identity" title="Canadian identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Canadians" title="Lists of Canadians">Individuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_inventions,_innovations,_and_discoveries" title="List of Canadian inventions, innovations, and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_literature" title="Canadian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian media">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Canada" title="Music of Canada">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_cultural_protectionism" title="Canadian cultural protectionism">Protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Canada" title="Sports in Canada">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Canada" title="Theatre of Canada">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Symbols44" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Canada" title="National symbols of Canada">Symbols</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/O_Canada" title="O Canada">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Canada" title="Coat of arms of Canada">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Canada" title="Flag of Canada">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_flags" title="List of Canadian flags">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provincial_and_territorial_symbols" title="List of Canadian provincial and territorial symbols">Provincial and territorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_royal_symbols" title="Canadian royal symbols">Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_heraldry" title="Canadian heraldry">Heraldic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_tartans_of_Canada" title="Regional tartans of Canada">Tartans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Canada-related_articles" title="Index of Canada-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Canada" title="Outline of Canada">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canada-related_topics_by_provinces_and_territories" title="List of Canada-related topics by provinces and territories">Topics by provinces and territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Canada" title="Bibliography of Canada">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Canada" title="Historiography of Canada">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_historians" title="List of Canadian historians">Historians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_studies" title="Canadian studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Canada" title="International rankings of Canada">Indices</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Encyclopedia" title="The Canadian Encyclopedia">The Canadian Encyclopedia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Canada" title="Category:Canada">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Nova Scotia</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/19px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/29px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" class="extiw" title="wikt:Nova Scotia">Definitions</a></b> from Wiktionary</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nova_Scotia" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Nova Scotia">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Nova_Scotia" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Nova Scotia">News</a></b> from Wikinews</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" class="extiw" title="q:Nova Scotia">Quotations</a></b> from Wikiquote</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:Nova_Scotia" class="extiw" title="s:Category:Nova Scotia">Texts</a></b> from Wikisource</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/19px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/29px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" class="extiw" title="voy:Nova Scotia">Travel guides</a></b> from Wikivoyage</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952" class="extiw" title="d:Q1952">Data</a></b> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1709" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1709" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108061340">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/2146522248832391512">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrcqWDfvFkcYfHhQkCYT3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4042713-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79089337">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb124951265">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb124951265">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span 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