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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Notas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Véxase_tamén" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Véxase_tamén"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Véxase tamén</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Véxase tamén"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Outros_artigos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outros_artigos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Outros artigos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outros_artigos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Bibliografía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lingua protoindoeuropea</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artigo noutra lingua. Dispoñible en 80 linguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 linguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europese_taal" title="Proto-Indo-Europese taal – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Proto-Indo-Europese taal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indogermanische_Ursprache" title="Indogermanische Ursprache – alemán suízo" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Indogermanische Ursprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemán suízo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_protoindoeuropeu" title="Idioma protoindoeuropeu – aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma protoindoeuropeu" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9" title="मूल-भारोपीय भाषासमूह – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मूल-भारोपीय भाषासमूह" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لغة هندية أوروبية بدائية – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة هندية أوروبية بدائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_protoindoeurop%C3%A9u" title="Idioma protoindoeuropéu – asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma protoindoeuropéu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Hind-Avropa_dili" title="Proto-Hind-Avropa dili – acerbaixano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Proto-Hind-Avropa dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="acerbaixano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Праіндаеўрапейская мова – belaruso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Праіндаеўрапейская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belaruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Протоиндоевропейски език – búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Протоиндоевропейски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="প্রত্ন-ইন্দো-ইউরোপীয় ভাষা – bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রত্ন-ইন্দো-ইউরোপীয় ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indezeuropeg" title="Indezeuropeg – bretón" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Indezeuropeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praindoevropski_jezik" title="Praindoevropski jezik – bosníaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Praindoevropski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosníaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoindoeuropeu" title="Protoindoeuropeu – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Protoindoeuropeu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%95%DA%95%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C-%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="زمانی بنەڕەتی-ھیندوئەورووپی – kurdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی بنەڕەتی-ھیندوئەورووپی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praindoevropsk%C3%BD_jazyk" title="Praindoevropský jazyk – checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Praindoevropský jazyk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-Ewropeg" title="Proto-Indo-Ewropeg – galés" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Proto-Indo-Ewropeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indogermanische_Ursprache" title="Indogermanische Ursprache – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Indogermanische Ursprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C4%B1wan%C3%AA_Proto-Hind-Ewropaki" title="Zıwanê Proto-Hind-Ewropaki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Zıwanê Proto-Hind-Ewropaki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%89%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8A%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%81%CF%89%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Πρωτοϊνδοευρωπαϊκή γλώσσα – grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρωτοϊνδοευρωπαϊκή γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Proto-Indo-European language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinde%C5%ADropa_pralingvo" title="Hindeŭropa pralingvo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hindeŭropa pralingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_protoindoeuropeo" title="Idioma protoindoeuropeo – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma protoindoeuropeo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoeuroopa_algkeel" title="Indoeuroopa algkeel – estoniano" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Indoeuroopa algkeel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aitzinindoeuropera" title="Aitzinindoeuropera – éuscaro" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aitzinindoeuropera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="éuscaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="زبان نیاهندواروپایی – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان نیاهندواروپایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoeurooppalainen_kantakieli" title="Indoeurooppalainen kantakieli – finés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Indoeurooppalainen kantakieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-europ%C3%A9en_commun" title="Indo-européen commun – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Indo-européen commun" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uur-Indogermaans" title="Uur-Indogermaans – frisón setentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Uur-Indogermaans" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisón setentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Yndo-Jeropeesk" title="Proto-Yndo-Jeropeesk – frisón occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Proto-Yndo-Jeropeesk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisón occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%B3ta-Ind-Eorpais" title="Próta-Ind-Eorpais – irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Próta-Ind-Eorpais" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innd-E%C3%B2rpais" title="Innd-Eòrpais – gaélico escocés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Innd-Eòrpais" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélico escocés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95-%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95-%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA" title="פרוטו-הודו-אירופית – hebreo" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרוטו-הודו-אירופית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6-%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="आदिम-हिन्द-यूरोपीय भाषा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आदिम-हिन्द-यूरोपीय भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoeuropski_prajezik" title="Indoeuropski prajezik – croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Indoeuropski prajezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoeur%C3%B3pai_alapnyelv" title="Indoeurópai alapnyelv – húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Indoeurópai alapnyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Հնդեվրոպական նախալեզու – armenio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հնդեվրոպական նախալեզու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_proto-indoeuropee" title="Lingua proto-indoeuropee – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua proto-indoeuropee" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Indo-Eropa" title="Bahasa Proto-Indo-Eropa – indonesio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Proto-Indo-Eropa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frumind%C3%B3evr%C3%B3pska" title="Frumindóevrópska – islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frumindóevrópska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_protoindoeuropea" title="Lingua protoindoeuropea – italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua protoindoeuropea" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%91%E7%A5%96%E8%AA%9E" title="インド・ヨーロッパ祖語 – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インド・ヨーロッパ祖語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD%EC%A1%B0%EC%96%B4" title="인도유럽조어 – coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인도유럽조어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_proto-hind_%C3%BB_ewrop%C3%AE" title="Zimanê proto-hind û ewropî – kurdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê proto-hind û ewropî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Protoindoeuropaea" title="Lingua Protoindoeuropaea – latín" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Protoindoeuropaea" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoindoeuropean" title="Protoindoeuropean – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Protoindoeuropean" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indogermaans" title="Proto-Indogermaans – limburgués" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Proto-Indogermaans" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_protoindoeuropea" title="Lengua protoindoeuropea – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua protoindoeuropea" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoeuropie%C4%8Di%C5%B3_prokalb%C4%97" title="Indoeuropiečių prokalbė – lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Indoeuropiečių prokalbė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoeiropie%C5%A1u_pirmvaloda" title="Indoeiropiešu pirmvaloda – letón" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Indoeiropiešu pirmvaloda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मूल भारोपेली भाषा – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मूल भारोपेली भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Праиндоевропски јазик – macedonio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Праиндоевропски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Indo-Eropah_Purba" title="Bahasa Indo-Eropah Purba – malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Indo-Eropah Purba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="आदिम भारोपेली भाषा – nepalí" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आदिम भारोपेली भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europees" title="Proto-Indo-Europees – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Proto-Indo-Europees" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urindoeuropeisk" title="Urindoeuropeisk – noruegués nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Urindoeuropeisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruegués nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urindoeuropeisk" title="Urindoeuropeisk – noruegués bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Urindoeuropeisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegués bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoindoeurop%C3%A8u" title="Protoindoeuropèu – occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Protoindoeuropèu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_praindoeuropejski" title="Język praindoeuropejski – polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język praindoeuropejski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4_%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF_%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="پیش ہند یورپی بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پیش ہند یورپی بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_protoindo-europeia" title="Língua protoindo-europeia – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua protoindo-europeia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_protoindo-european%C4%83" title="Limba protoindo-europeană – romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba protoindo-europeană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Праиндоевропейский язык – ruso" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Праиндоевропейский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE-%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8B_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Индо-Европа былыргы тыла – iacuto" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Индо-Европа былыргы тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacuto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoevropski_prajezik" title="Indoevropski prajezik – serbocroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Indoevropski prajezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language" title="Proto-Indo-European language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Proto-Indo-European language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praindoeur%C3%B3p%C4%8Dina" title="Praindoeurópčina – eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Praindoeurópčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoevropski_prajezik" title="Indoevropski prajezik – esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Indoevropski prajezik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_proto-indo-evropiane" title="Gjuha proto-indo-evropiane – albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha proto-indo-evropiane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Праиндоевропски језик – serbio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Праиндоевропски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urindoeuropeiska" title="Urindoeuropeiska – sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Urindoeuropeiska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94-%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1" title="ภาษาอินโด-ยูโรเปียนดั้งเดิม – tailandés" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาอินโด-ยูโรเปียนดั้งเดิม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto_Hint-Avrupa_dili" title="Proto Hint-Avrupa dili – turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Proto Hint-Avrupa dili" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%94%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Праіндоєвропейська мова – ucraíno" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Праіндоєвропейська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraíno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C_%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF_%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اولی ہند یورپی زبان – urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اولی ہند یورپی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_%E1%BA%A4n-%C3%82u_nguy%C3%AAn_th%E1%BB%A7y" title="Tiếng Ấn-Âu nguyên thủy – vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Ấn-Âu nguyên thủy" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-uropeyin" title="Indo-uropeyin – valón" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Indo-uropeyin" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD" title="原始印欧语 – chinés wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="原始印欧语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chinés wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E" title="原始印歐語 – chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="原始印歐語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go%C3%A2n-ch%C3%B3%CD%98_%C3%8Cn-Au_gi%C3%A2n-g%C3%AD" title="Goân-chó͘ Ìn-Au giân-gí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Goân-chó͘ Ìn-Au giân-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E" title="原始印歐語 – cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="原始印歐語" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="gl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em" cellpadding="2" align="right" width="269px"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="font-size:120%; text-align: center; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9">Protoindoeuropeo<br /><i>*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂ ‘lingua’</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="padding-left: 0.5em;">Falado en: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"></td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="padding-left: 0.5em;">Total de falantes: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Lingua_morta" title="Lingua morta">Lingua morta</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Familia_de_linguas" title="Familia de linguas">Familia</a>: </td> <td colspan="2" valign="top" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><b><br /> Protoindoeuropeo</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: center; padding-left: 0.5em; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9">Códigos de lingua </th></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-1: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><code>--</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="padding-left: 0.5em;">ISO 639-2: </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><code>---</code> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: center; padding-left: 0.5em; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9">Mapa </th></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"></td></tr><tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding: 0; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Indo-European_steppe_homeland_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Indo-European_steppe_homeland_map.svg/300px-Indo-European_steppe_homeland_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Indo-European_steppe_homeland_map.svg/450px-Indo-European_steppe_homeland_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Indo-European_steppe_homeland_map.svg/600px-Indo-European_steppe_homeland_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="535" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: center; padding-left: 0.5em; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9">Status </th></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>O <b>protoindoeuropeo</b> (<i>PIE</i>) é o teórico devanceiro común da <a href="/wiki/Familia_de_linguas" title="Familia de linguas">familia lingüística</a> das <a href="/wiki/Linguas_indoeuropeas" title="Linguas indoeuropeas">linguas indoeuropeas</a>. Os elementos que compoñen a lingua derivan da <a href="/wiki/Reconstruci%C3%B3n_ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstrución lingüística">reconstrución lingüística</a> a partir das linguas indoeuropeas documentadas. Non existen ningún rexistro directo da existencia do protoindoeuropeo.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Existen máis obras sobre a reconstrución do protoindoeuropeo que ningunha outra <a href="/wiki/Protolingua" title="Protolingua">protolingua</a>, e é a máis estudada de tódalas protolinguas da mesma época. A maioría das obras dos lingüistas durante o <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XIX" title="Século XIX">século XIX</a> estiveron dedicadas á reconstrución do protoindoeuropeo ou as protolinguas que descenden del (como o <a href="/wiki/Lingua_protoxerm%C3%A1nica" title="Lingua protoxermánica">protoxermánico</a> e o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_protoindoirania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lingua protoindoirania (a páxina aínda non existe)">protoindoiranio</a>), e moitas das técnicas modernas de reconstrución lingüística (como o <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9todo_comparativo" class="mw-redirect" title="Método comparativo">método comparativo</a>) foron desenvolvidas como resultado. </p><p>Crese que o protoindoeuropeo foi falado como unha única lingua dende o ano -4500 até o -2500,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> durante finais do <a href="/wiki/Neol%C3%ADtico" title="Neolítico">Neolítico</a> e comezos da <a href="/wiki/Idade_de_Bronce" title="Idade de Bronce">Idade de Bronce</a>, aínda que as estimacións varían en máis de mil anos. Segundo a teoría prevalente, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hip%C3%B3tese_Kurga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hipótese Kurga (a páxina aínda non existe)">hipótese Kurga</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Urheimat_dos_indoeuropeos" title="Urheimat dos indoeuropeos">patria orixinal</a> dos <a href="/wiki/Pobo_protoindoeuropeo" title="Pobo protoindoeuropeo">protoindoeuropeos</a> puido ser a estepa póntica do leste de Europa. A reconstrución lingüística do protoindoeuropeo achegou información sobre a cultura e a relixión patriarcal dos seus falantes.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notas">Notas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_protoindoeuropea&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar a sección: «Notas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_protoindoeuropea&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Notas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ed.ac.uk/files/atoms/files/archaeology_et_al_-_an_indo-european_study.pdf">"Archaeology et al: an Indo-European study"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>School of History, Classics and Archaeology</i>. The University of Edinburgh. 11 de abril de 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 1 de decembro de 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ALingua+protoindoeuropea&rft.atitle=Archaeology+et+al%3A+an+Indo-European+study&rft.chron=11+de+abril+de+2018&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=School+of+History%2C+Classics+and+Archaeology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.ac.uk%2Ffiles%2Fatoms%2Ffiles%2Farchaeology_et_al_-_an_indo-european_study.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Powell, Eric A. Archaeology, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210212024010/https://www.archaeology.org/exclusives/articles/1302-proto-indo-european-schleichers-fable">"Telling Tales in Proto-Indo-European"</a>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archaeology.org/exclusives/articles/1302-proto-indo-european-schleichers-fable">o orixinal</a> o 12 de febreiro de 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 30 de xullo de 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ALingua+protoindoeuropea&rft.aufirst=Eric+A.&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.btitle=Telling+Tales+in+Proto-Indo-European&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archaeology.org%2Fexclusives%2Farticles%2F1302-proto-indo-european-schleichers-fable&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFortson2004" class="citation book">Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indoeuropeanlang00ivbe"><i>Indo-European language and culture: an introduction</i></a>. Malden, Mass: Blackwell. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indoeuropeanlang00ivbe/page/n31">16</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/1405103159" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/1405103159">1405103159</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/54529041">54529041</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ALingua+protoindoeuropea&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+W.&rft.aulast=Fortson&rft.btitle=Indo-European+language+and+culture%3A+an+introduction&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1405103159&rft.pages=16&rft.place=Malden%2C+Mass&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Findoeuropeanlang00ivbe&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F54529041&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Véxase_tamén"><span id="V.C3.A9xase_tam.C3.A9n"></span>Véxase tamén</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_protoindoeuropea&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar a sección: «Véxase tamén»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_protoindoeuropea&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Véxase tamén"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outros_artigos">Outros artigos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_protoindoeuropea&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar a sección: «Outros artigos»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_protoindoeuropea&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Outros artigos"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_ra%C3%ADces_indoeuropeas" title="Lista de raíces indoeuropeas">Lista de raíces indoeuropeas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigo_europeo" title="Antigo europeo">Antigo europeo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografía"><span id="Bibliograf.C3.ADa"></span>Bibliografía</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_protoindoeuropea&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar a sección: «Bibliografía»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_protoindoeuropea&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Bibliografía"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.italian-journal-linguistics.com/app/uploads/2021/05/9_Kuemmel.pdf">"Voiceless high vowels and syncope in older Indo-European"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Martin Kümmel, department of Indo-European linguistics, <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Jena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Jena (a páxina aínda non existe)">University of Jena</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ALingua+protoindoeuropea&rft.atitle=Voiceless+high+vowels+and+syncope+in+older+Indo-European&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Martin+K%C3%BCmmel%2C+department+of+Indo-European+linguistics%2C+University+of+Jena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.italian-journal-linguistics.com%2Fapp%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F05%2F9_Kuemmel.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/download/kummelljubljana2019.pdf_202011/k%C3%BCmmelljubljana2019.pdf.pdf">"Uvular Stops or a Glottal Fricative? Theory and Data in Recent Reconstructions of PIE "Laryngeals<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Martin Kümmel, department of Indo-European linguistics, <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Jena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Jena (a páxina aínda non existe)">University of Jena</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ALingua+protoindoeuropea&rft.atitle=Uvular+Stops+or+a+Glottal+Fricative%3F+Theory+and+Data+in+Recent+Reconstructions+of+PIE+%22Laryngeals%22&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Martin+K%C3%BCmmel%2C+department+of+Indo-European+linguistics%2C+University+of+Jena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdownload%2Fkummelljubljana2019.pdf_202011%2Fk%25C3%25BCmmelljubljana2019.pdf.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAnthonyRinge2015" class="citation journal">Anthony, David W.; Ringe, Don (2015). "The Indo-European Homeland from Linguistic and Archaeological Perspectives". <i>Annual Review of Linguistics</i> <b>1</b> (1): 199–219. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-linguist-030514-124812">10.1146/annurev-linguist-030514-124812</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ALingua+protoindoeuropea&rft.atitle=The+Indo-European+Homeland+from+Linguistic+and+Archaeological+Perspectives&rft.au=Ringe%2C+Don&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rft.aulast=Anthony&rft.date=2015&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Linguistics&rft.pages=199-219&rft.volume=1&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev-linguist-030514-124812&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBomhard2019" class="citation journal">Bomhard, Allan (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/40002289">"The Origins of Proto-Indo-European: The Caucasian Substrate Hypothesis"</a>. <i>Journal of Indo-European Studies</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span> <b>47</b> (1 & 2, Spring/Summer 2019).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ALingua+protoindoeuropea&rft.atitle=The+Origins+of+Proto-Indo-European%3A+The+Caucasian+Substrate+Hypothesis&rft.aufirst=Allan&rft.aulast=Bomhard&rft.date=2019&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1+%26+2%2C+Spring%2FSummer+2019&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Indo-European+Studies&rft.volume=47&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F40002289&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMallory1989" class="citation book">Mallory, J. P. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/insearchofindoeu00jpma"><i>In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language, Archaeology, and Myth</i></a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. Thames and Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9780500050521" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9780500050521">9780500050521</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ALingua+protoindoeuropea&rft.aufirst=J.+P.&rft.aulast=Mallory&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+the+Indo-Europeans%3A+Language%2C+Archaeology%2C+and+Myth&rft.date=1989&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780500050521&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finsearchofindoeu00jpma&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/J._P._Mallory" class="mw-redirect" title="J. P. Mallory">Mallory, JP</a>; <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Q._Adams" title="Douglas Q. Adams">Adams, DQ</a> (2006). <i>The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World</i>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/9780199296682" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/9780199296682">9780199296682</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ALingua+protoindoeuropea&rft.au=Adams%2C+DQ&rft.aufirst=JP&rft.aulast=Mallory&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Introduction+to+Proto-Indo-European+and+the+Proto-Indo-European+World&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780199296682&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meier-Br%C3%BCgger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meier-Brügger (a páxina aínda non existe)">Meier-Brügger, Michael</a> (2003). <i>Indo-European Linguistics</i>. New York: de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/3-11-017433-2" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/3-11-017433-2">3-11-017433-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ALingua+protoindoeuropea&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Meier-Br%C3%BCgger&rft.btitle=Indo-European+Linguistics&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=3-11-017433-2&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=de+Gruyter&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oswald_Szemer%C3%A9nyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oswald Szemerényi (a páxina aínda non existe)">Szemerényi, Oswald</a> (1996). <i>Introduction to Indo-European Linguistics</i>. Oxford.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ALingua+protoindoeuropea&rft.aufirst=Oswald&rft.aulast=Szemer%C3%A9nyi&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Indo-European+Linguistics&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Oxford&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indoeuropeística" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Modelo:Temas_indoeuropeos" title="Modelo:Temas indoeuropeos"><abbr title="Ver o modelo">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-conversa"><a href="/wiki/Conversa_modelo:Temas_indoeuropeos" title="Conversa modelo:Temas indoeuropeos"><abbr title="Conversa do modelo">c</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Modelo:Temas_indoeuropeos&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar o modelo">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indoeuropeística" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indoeurope%C3%ADstica" title="Indoeuropeística">Indoeuropeística</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Linguas_indoeuropeas" title="Linguas indoeuropeas">Linguas indoeuropeas</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingua_albanesa" title="Lingua albanesa">Albanés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguas_anat%C3%B3licas" title="Linguas anatólicas">Anatolio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingua_armenia" title="Lingua armenia">Armenio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguas_b%C3%A1lticas" title="Linguas bálticas">Báltico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguas_c%C3%A9lticas" title="Linguas célticas">Céltico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingua_dacia" title="Lingua dacia">Dacio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguas_eslavas" title="Linguas eslavas">Eslavo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingua_frixia" title="Lingua frixia">Frixio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingua_grega" title="Lingua grega">Grego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguas_indoiranias" title="Linguas indoiranias">Indoiranio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguas_it%C3%A1licas" title="Linguas itálicas">Itálico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingua_tracia" title="Lingua tracia">Tracio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguas_tocarias" title="Linguas tocarias">Tocario</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lingua_tocaria_B" title="Lingua tocaria B">B</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguas_xerm%C3%A1nicas" title="Linguas xermánicas">Xermánico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pobos_indoeuropeos" title="Pobos indoeuropeos">Pobos indoeuropeos</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pobo_alban%C3%A9s" title="Pobo albanés">Albaneses</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatolios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anatolios (a páxina aínda non existe)">Anatolios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pobo_armenio" title="Pobo armenio">Armenios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pobos_b%C3%A1lticos" title="Pobos bálticos">Bálticos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtas" title="Celtas">Celtas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pobos_eslavos" title="Pobos eslavos">Eslavos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pobo_grego" title="Pobo grego">Gregos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indoarios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indoarios (a páxina aínda non existe)">Indoarios</a></li> <li><a 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style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lingua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relixi%C3%B3n_protoindoeuropea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relixión protoindoeuropea (a páxina aínda non existe)">Relixión</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sociedade_protoindoeuropea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sociedade protoindoeuropea (a páxina aínda non existe)">Sociedade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urheimat_dos_indoeuropeos" title="Urheimat dos indoeuropeos">Hipóteses <i>Urheimat</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hip%C3%B3tese_anatolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" 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