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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Användning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Användning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Användning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Användning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paradigmskifte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paradigmskifte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Paradigmskifte</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Paradigmskifte-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Paradigmskifte</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Paradigmskifte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Exempel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exempel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Exempel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exempel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exempel_på_paradigm_i_Kuhns_mening" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exempel_på_paradigm_i_Kuhns_mening"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Exempel på paradigm i Kuhns mening</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exempel_på_paradigm_i_Kuhns_mening-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Källor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Paradigm</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 66 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%AC_%D9%81%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="نموذج فكري – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نموذج فكري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradiqma" title="Paradiqma – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Paradiqma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B" title="তাত্ত্বিক পরিকাঠামো – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তাত্ত্বিক পরিকাঠামো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Парадыгма – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Парадыгма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Парадигма – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Парадигма" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigme" title="Paradigme – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Paradigme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigm" title="Paradigm – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Paradigm" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigmo" title="Paradigmo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Paradigmo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پارادایم – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پارادایم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigme" title="Paradigme – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Paradigme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma_(ciencia)" title="Paradigma (ciencia) – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Paradigma (ciencia)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigm" title="Paradigm – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Paradigm" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%A8%EB%9F%AC%EB%8B%A4%EC%9E%84" title="패러다임 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="패러다임" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%B4" title="Պարադիգմ – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պարադիգմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigmo" title="Paradigmo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Paradigmo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%94" title="פרדיגמה – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרדיגמה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Парадигма – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Парадигма" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Парадигма – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Парадигма" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – mirandesiska" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma_(wetenschapsfilosofie)" title="Paradigma (wetenschapsfilosofie) – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Paradigma (wetenschapsfilosofie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%A9%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A0" title="パラダイム – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パラダイム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigme" title="Paradigme – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Paradigme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE" title="ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – lågtyska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradygmat" title="Paradygmat – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Paradygmat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigm%C4%83" title="Paradigmă – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Paradigmă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parariqma" title="Parariqma – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Parariqma" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%91%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Парадіґма – rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Парадіґма" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Парадигма (философия) – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Парадигма (философия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigm" title="Paradigm – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Paradigm" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%85" title="پئراڊائيم – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پئراڊائيم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma_(filozofia_a_veda)" title="Paradigma (filozofia a veda) – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Paradigma (filozofia a veda)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پارادایم – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پارادایم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Парадигма – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Парадигма" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கருத்தோட்டம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கருத்தோட்டம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C" title="กระบวนทัศน์ – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กระบวนทัศน์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – turkmeniska" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Парадигма (філософія) – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Парадигма (філософія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%ABu_h%C3%ACnh" title="Mẫu hình – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mẫu hình" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E5%BC%8F" title="范式 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="范式" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AF%84%E5%BC%8F" title="範式 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="範式" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E5%BC%8F" title="范式 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="范式" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28643#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paradigm&action=history" title="Tidigare versioner av sidan [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktyg" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktyg</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Fler alternativ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Åtgärder </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Paradigm"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paradigm&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paradigm&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paradigm&action=history"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allmänt 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title="Mer information om denna sida"><span>Sidinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citera&page=Paradigm&id=54996488&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om hur den här artikeln kan användas som referens"><span>Använd som referens</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FParadigm"><span>Hämta förkortad url</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FParadigm"><span>Ladda ner QR-kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/exportera </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a 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wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28643" title="Länk till anslutet databasobjekt [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-objekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><dl class="noexcerpt dablink"><dd><i>För andra betydelser, se <a href="/wiki/Paradigm_(olika_betydelser)" class="mw-disambig" title="Paradigm (olika betydelser)">Paradigm (olika betydelser)</a>.</i></dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r51224235">.mw-parser-output table.ambox{margin:0 10%;border-collapse:collapse;background:#fbfbfb;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #608ec2}.mw-parser-output table.ambox th.ambox-text,.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-text{padding:.25em .5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-image{padding:2px 0 2px .5em;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-imageright{padding:2px 4px 2px 0;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #608ec2}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete,.mw-parser-output table.ambox-serious{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/50px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/75px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/100px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td> <td class="ambox-text">Den här artikeln har källhänvisningar, men eftersom det saknas <i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion_till_k%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Introduktion till källhänvisningar">fotnoter</a></i> är det svårt att avgöra vilken uppgift som är hämtad var. <b><small>(2013-08)</small></b> <br /><small>Hjälp gärna till med att <b><a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paradigm&action=edit">redigera artikeln</a></b>, eller diskutera saken på <a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Paradigm" title="Diskussion:Paradigm">diskussionssidan</a>. </small></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Paradigm</b> menar en förebild, ett idealexempel eller mönster inom <a href="/wiki/Vetenskap" title="Vetenskap">vetenskapen</a>. Termen myntades av fysikern och vetenskapshistorikern <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Samuel_Kuhn" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Samuel Kuhn">Thomas Samuel Kuhn</a>. Enligt Kuhn avgör ett paradigm bland annat: </p> <ul><li>vilka frågor som skall ställas och inte ställas</li> <li>vilka svar som är relevanta (vilka resultat som kan förväntas)</li> <li>hur experiment skall utföras</li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Användning"><span id="Anv.C3.A4ndning"></span>Användning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paradigm&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Användning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paradigm&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Användning"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Begreppet används mångtydigt, även av Kuhn själv. <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Masterman" title="Margaret Masterman">Margaret Masterman</a> menade sig vid en analys av Kuhns verk <i>De vetenskapliga revolutionernas struktur</i> <a href="/wiki/1962" title="1962">1962</a> ha kunnat fastställa inte mindre än 22 olika betydelser i vilka Kuhn använt ordet paradigm. Dock fastställde Kuhn senare, i artikeln Second thoughts on paradigms i skriften Essential tension (1977), två grundbetydelser av paradigm - den smala betydelsen och den breda betydelsen. Enligt den smala betydelsen är ett paradigm de gemensamma övningar som studenter måste genomgå i sin utbildning för att till exempel bli doktor i ett ämne. Enligt den breda betydelsen är ett paradigm den kunskap som forskarna i en forskningsdisciplin räknar som fakta. Kuhn menade att det är den smala betydelsen som är den viktigaste, men ordet paradigm betecknar idag oftast den breda betydelsen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paradigmskifte">Paradigmskifte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paradigm&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Paradigmskifte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paradigm&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Paradigmskifte"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>När det inom ett paradigm har uppstått en <a href="/wiki/Kritisk_massa" title="Kritisk massa">kritisk massa</a> <a href="/wiki/Anomali" title="Anomali">anomalier</a> kan en vetenskaplig revolution ske, ett <a href="/wiki/Paradigmskifte" title="Paradigmskifte">paradigmskifte</a>. I paradigmskiftet finns det en irrationalitet. Paradigm är ojämförbara, <a href="/wiki/Inkommensurabilitet" title="Inkommensurabilitet">inkommensurabla</a>, varför ett paradigm inte kan sägas vara mer adekvat än ett annat då dessa måste bedömas utifrån en position i ett paradigm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exempel">Exempel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paradigm&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Exempel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paradigm&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Exempel"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ett tacksamt exempel är hur <a href="/wiki/Newtons_lagar" class="mw-redirect" title="Newtons lagar">Newtons klassiska mekanik</a> ersätts med <a href="/wiki/Relativitetsteorin" class="mw-redirect" title="Relativitetsteorin">Einsteins relativitetsteori</a>. </p><p>Det bör dock påpekas att Newtons anammande av <a href="/wiki/Det_absoluta" title="Det absoluta">det absoluta</a> rummet ofta ställdes mot en relativistisk syn långt innan Einstein, av bl.a. <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_von_Leibniz" class="mw-redirect" title="Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz">Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz</a> (1600-talet), <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a> (1700-talet) och <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Mach" title="Ernst Mach">Ernst Mach</a> (1800-talet). Detsamma gäller också till exempel Kopernicus' heliocentriska <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rldsbild" title="Världsbild">världsbild</a>; han hade föregåtts av <a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Cusanus" title="Nicolaus Cusanus">Nicolaus Cusanus</a> som i sin tur föregåtts under <a href="/wiki/Antiken" title="Antiken">antiken</a> av <a href="/wiki/Aristarchos_(astronom)" title="Aristarchos (astronom)">Aristarchos</a> och (delvis) <a href="/wiki/Arkimedes" title="Arkimedes">Arkimedes</a>. Motståndet mot den heliocentriska världsbilden var dessutom mer religiöst än intellektuellt betingat. Det finns skäl att ifrågasätta om paradigmskiften verkligen är så kritiska skeenden som Kuhn gör gällande, eftersom det ofta redan existerar en medvetenhet om alternativa förklaringsmöjligheter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exempel_på_paradigm_i_Kuhns_mening"><span id="Exempel_p.C3.A5_paradigm_i_Kuhns_mening"></span>Exempel på paradigm i Kuhns mening</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paradigm&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Exempel på paradigm i Kuhns mening" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paradigm&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Exempel på paradigm i Kuhns mening"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flogiston" title="Flogiston">Flogistonkemin</a> enligt <a href="/wiki/Georg_Ernst_Stahl" class="mw-redirect" title="Georg Ernst Stahl">Georg Ernst Stahl</a>, vilken gjorde anspråk på att förklara varför metaller är så lika varandra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syre" title="Syre">Syrekemin</a> enligt <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Laurent_de_Lavoisier" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier">Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier</a>, vilken inte gjorde anspråk på att förklara likheter mellan olika metaller</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a> lära om <a href="/wiki/Fritt_fall" title="Fritt fall">fallande</a> <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rem%C3%A5l" class="mw-redirect" title="Föremål">föremål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileos</a> lära om <a href="/wiki/Pendel" title="Pendel">pendelrörelser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newtons_lagar" class="mw-redirect" title="Newtons lagar">Newtons lära om massa och rörelser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativitetsteorin" class="mw-redirect" title="Relativitetsteorin">Einsteins lära om massa, energi och rörelser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaudios_Ptolemaios" title="Klaudios Ptolemaios">Ptolemaios</a> <a href="/wiki/Geocentrisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Geocentrisk">geocentriska</a> astronomi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopernikus" class="mw-redirect" title="Kopernikus">Kopernikus</a> <a href="/wiki/Heliocentrisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliocentrisk">heliocentriska</a> astronomi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Darwins</a> <a href="/wiki/Evolutionsteori" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionsteori">evolutionsteori</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paradigm&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paradigm&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diskurs" title="Diskurs">Diskurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anomali" title="Anomali">Anomali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkommensurabilitet" title="Inkommensurabilitet">Inkommensurabilitet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradigmskifte" title="Paradigmskifte">Paradigmskifte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmeringsparadigm" title="Programmeringsparadigm">Programmeringsparadigm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vetenskapsteori" title="Vetenskapsteori">Vetenskapsteori</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paradigm&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paradigm&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFKuhn2009"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Samuel_Kuhn" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Samuel Kuhn">Kuhn, Thomas S.</a> (2009). <i><span>De vetenskapliga revolutionernas struktur</span></i> (2 uppl). Stockholm: Thales. <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/11657860">11657860</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/978-91-7235-077-9" title="Special:Bokkällor/978-91-7235-077-9">ISBN 978-91-7235-077-9</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+vetenskapliga+revolutionernas+struktur&rft.aulast=Kuhn&rft.aufirst=Thomas+S.&rft.au=Kuhn%2C+Thomas+S.&rft.date=2009&rft.edition=2+uppl&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Thales&rft.isbn=978-91-7235-077-9&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Paradigm"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Masterman, Margaret: <i>The nature of a paradigm</i> publicerad i Lakatos, Imre (redaktör), Musgrave, Alan (redaktör): <i>Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge</i>, London, 1965.</li> <li>Joseph Agassi: <i>Leibniz's Place in the History of Physics</i>. Uppsats i Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 30, Nr. 3 (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1969).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paradigm&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paradigm&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vetenskapsteori.se/SW/Se1pdigm.htm">Paradigm (vetenskapsteori.se)</a>.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paradigm&oldid=54996488">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paradigm&oldid=54996488</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Termer_inom_vetenskapsteori" title="Kategori:Termer inom vetenskapsteori">Termer inom vetenskapsteori</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Dolda kategorier: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Alla_artiklar_som_beh%C3%B6ver_k%C3%A4llor" title="Kategori:Alla artiklar som behöver källor">Alla artiklar som behöver källor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artiklar_som_beh%C3%B6ver_fotnoter_2013-08" title="Kategori:Artiklar som behöver fotnoter 2013-08">Artiklar som behöver fotnoter 2013-08</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Alla_artiklar_som_beh%C3%B6ver_fotnoter" title="Kategori:Alla artiklar som behöver fotnoter">Alla artiklar som behöver fotnoter</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 23 juni 2024 kl. 17.53.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är tillgänglig under licensen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv">Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 4.0 Unported</a>. 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