Water and sanitation EURO

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/><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.who.int/europe/health-topics/water-sanitation-and-hygiene-wash" /><meta name="description" content="Safe drinking-water, sanitation and hygiene are crucial to human health and well-being. Safe WASH is not only a prerequisite to health, but contributes to livelihoods, school attendance and dignity and helps to create resilient communities living in healthy environments.Drinking unsafe water impairs health through illnesses such as diarrhoea, and untreated excreta contaminates groundwaters and surface waters used for drinking-water, irrigation, bathing and household purposes. Chemical contamination of water continues to pose a health burden, whether natural in origin such as arsenic and fluoride, or anthropogenic such as nitrate.Safe and sufficient WASH plays a key role in preventing numerous NTDs such as trachoma, soil-transmitted helminths and schistosomiasis. Diarrhoeal deaths as a result of inadequate WASH were reduced by half during the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) period (1990–2015), with the significant progress on water and sanitation provision playing a key role.Evidence suggests that improving service levels towards safely managed drinking-water or sanitation such as regulated piped water or connections to sewers with wastewater treatment can dramatically improve health by reducing diarrhoeal disease deaths. 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target="_self">Groups and networks</a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/europe/redirect-pages/navigation/about-us/partnerships/who-collaborating-centres" target="_self">WHO collaborating centres</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="Navigation_TD9F2A204035_Col03" class="sf_colsIn col-sm-6 col-md-3" data-sf-element="Column 4" data-placeholder-label="Column 4"> <div class="sf-content-block content-block" > <div ><p><a href="/europe/about-us/governance/regional-committee/74th-session-of-the-who-regional-committee-for-europe">74th session of the WHO Regional Committee for Europe</a></p><p><a href="/europe/about-us/governance/regional-committee/74th-session-of-the-who-regional-committee-for-europe"><img src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/about-us/rc74-web-banner-tmb.jpg?sfvrsn=dfd9634a_9" height="256" width="348" alt="74th session of the WHO Regional Committee for Europe" sf-size="373443"></a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header>   <section class="sf-content content" id="content" role="main" tabindex="-1"> <div id="PageContent_T08575575001_Col00" class="sf_colsIn container" data-sf-element="Container" data-placeholder-label="Place breadcrumb here">  <nav id="77fde097c5d74cc6b1708d3f450e0562" aria-label="You are here"> <ul class="sf-breadscrumb breadcrumb"> <li><a href="/europe">Home</a><span aria-hidden="true">/</span></li> <li><a href="/europe/health-topics">Health topics</a><span aria-hidden="true">/</span></li> <li class="active">Water and sanitation</li> </ul> </nav>  <script type="application/ld+json"> {"itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https://www.who.int/europe","name":"Home"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https://www.who.int/europe/health-topics","name":"Health topics"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"item":{"@id":"https://www.who.int/europe/health-topics/water-sanitation-and-hygiene-wash","name":"Water and 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document.getElementsByClassName("sf-image-credit"); var preventFunction = function () { event.preventDefault() }; for (var i = 0; i < imageCreditClass.length; i++) { imageCreditClass[i].addEventListener('click', preventFunction);; } </script> </div> <div class="dynamic-content__title"> <h1 class="dynamic-content__title-text">Water and sanitation</h1> </div> </header> <section class="dynamic-content__section dynamic-content__container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-7"> <div class="dynamic-content__section-content"> <div class="sf_cols tabWidget health-topic_tabWidget"> <div class="sf_colsOut flex-clear" data-placeholder-label="Tab wrapper"> <div class="ul-tabs--wrapper"> <ul class="tabs"></ul> </div> <div class="sf_colsIn single-tabContent"> <div class="sf_cols singleTabWrapper"> <div class="sf_colsOut tabHeaderWrapper" data-sf-element="Tab header" data-placeholder-label="Tab header"> <div class="sf_colsIn tabHeaderText"> <div class="sf-content-block content-block"> Overview </div> </div> </div> <div class="sf_colsOut tabContent" data-sf-element="Tab contents" data-placeholder-label="Tab contents"> <div class="sf_colsIn"> <p>Easy access to adequate sanitation and sufficient amounts of safe water for drinking and hygiene at home, schools and health care facilities is essential to human health and well-being and should be a prerequisite for a decent life in the 21st century.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sf_cols singleTabWrapper"> <div class="sf_colsOut tabHeaderWrapper" data-sf-element="Tab header" data-placeholder-label="Tab header"> <div class="sf_colsIn tabHeaderText"> <div class="sf-content-block content-block"> Impact </div> </div> </div> <div class="sf_colsOut tabContent" data-sf-element="Tab contents" data-placeholder-label="Tab contents"> <div class="sf_colsIn"> <p>In the WHO European Region, more than 63 million people gained access to drinking-water services and 84 million people to sanitation services between 2000 and 2017. Nevertheless, over 16 million people still lack access to basic drinking-water and more than 31 million people are in need of basic sanitation. Significant inequalities persist between rural and urban areas, and between rich and poor people, with rural dwellers and the poorest being the most disadvantaged.</p><p>The region continues to experience water-related infectious disease outbreaks, impairing health, well-being and productivity of people and communities. Diseases related to inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) include diarrhoea, but also other disease outcomes, such as hepatitis A, legionellosis and soil-transmitted helminth infections. In the Region, 14 diarrhoea deaths a day can be attributed to inadequate WASH. Infants and children under 5 years of age are particularly vulnerable to diarrhoea as a leading cause of malnutrition and death.</p><p>Microbial contamination of water used for drinking, hygiene and recreation is of prime concern throughout the Region. Chemical pollution is often localized but may also have a significant impact on health. Priority chemicals in drinking-water that can cause non-infectious disease include arsenic, fluoride, lead and nitrate.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sf_cols singleTabWrapper"> <div class="sf_colsOut tabHeaderWrapper" data-sf-element="Tab header" data-placeholder-label="Tab header"> <div class="sf_colsIn tabHeaderText"> <div class="sf-content-block content-block"> WHO response </div> </div> </div> <div class="sf_colsOut tabContent" data-sf-element="Tab contents" data-placeholder-label="Tab contents"> <div class="sf_colsIn"> <p>To tackle the prevailing challenges and to close the gap in attaining equitable and sustainable access to safely managed drinking-water and sanitation services for all people in the Region, WHO/Europe:</p><ul><li>supports the implementation of the Protocol on Water and Health – a legally binding multilateral policy instrument in the WHO European Region;</li><li>provides evidence-based guidance and tools for strengthening the capacity of national health systems and the water sector to ensure water quality and to prevent, control and reduce water-related disease;</li><li>promotes risk-based management and surveillance approaches in policy and practice, including water safety plans and sanitation safety plans;</li><li>promotes improving WASH in schools and health care facilities;</li><li>supports strengthening national monitoring programmes and implementation of global monitoring instruments to track progress in achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets related to water, sanitation and hygiene;</li><li>facilitates capacity-building in accordance with WHO guidelines in the water, sanitation and health domain;</li><li>offers technical advice about health interventions, including responses to emergency situations.</li></ul><p> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-md-push-1"> <div class="dynamic-content__sidebar"> <div id="dynamic-content__accordion" class="dynamic-content__accordion sf-accordion"> <div class="sf-accordion__panel"><div class="sf-accordion__title"><a href="#" class="sf-accordion__trigger-panel">Fact sheets <span class="sf-accordion__icon"></span></a></div><div class="sf-accordion__content"><ul><li class=""><a href="#"><a href="https://www.who.int/europe/news-room/fact-sheets/item/water-and-sanitation" title="Water and sanitation">Water and sanitation</a></a></li></ul></div></div></li><div class="sf-accordion__panel"><div class="sf-accordion__title"><a href="#" class="sf-accordion__trigger-panel">Questions and answers <span class="sf-accordion__icon"></span></a></div><div class="sf-accordion__content"><ul><li class=""><a href="#"><a href="/europe/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/protocol-legal-framework-questions-and-answers">The Protocol on Water and Health</a></a></li></ul></div></div></li><div class="sf-accordion__panel"><div class="sf-accordion__title"><a href="#" class="sf-accordion__trigger-panel">Groups and initiatives <span class="sf-accordion__icon"></span></a></div><div class="sf-accordion__content"><ul><li class=""><a href="#"><a href="/europe/initiatives/european-environment-and-health-process-(ehp)">European Environment and Health Process (EHP)</a></a></li><li class=""><a href="#"><a href="/europe/groups/european-environment-and-health-task-force-ehtf">European Environment and Health Task Force</a></a></li><li class=""><a href="#"><a href="/europe/initiatives/protocol-on-water-and-health">Protocol on Water and Health</a></a></li></ul></div></div></li><div class="sf-accordion__panel"><div class="sf-accordion__title"><a href="#" class="sf-accordion__trigger-panel">Technical work <span class="sf-accordion__icon"></span></a></div><div class="sf-accordion__content"><ul><li class=""><a href="#"><a href="/europe/teams/water-and-climate">Water and Climate</a></a></li><li class=""><a href="#"><a href="/europe/teams/who-european-centre-for-environment-and-health-(bonn-germany)">WHO European Centre for Environment and Health (Bonn, Germany) </a></a></li></ul></div></div></li> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-7"> </div> </div> </section> </article> <script type='text/javascript' src='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/accordion-list.min.js?v=14.0.7729.19549'></script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function () { new AccordionJS('dynamic-content__accordion'); })(); function buildMagnificThumbnail() { let imgUrl = $('.magnific-popup').attr('href'); if ($(window).width() < 480) { imgUrl = imgUrl.replace(/1920/g, '479'); } else if ($(window).width() >= 480 && $(window).width() < 550) { imgUrl = imgUrl.replace(/1920/g, '549'); } else if ($(window).width() >= 550 && $(window).width() < 769) { imgUrl = imgUrl.replace(/1920/g, '768'); } else if ($(window).width() >= 769 && $(window).width() < 1367) { imgUrl = imgUrl.replace(/1920/g, '1024'); } else if ($(window).width() >= 1367 && $(window).width() < 1920) { imgUrl = imgUrl.replace(/1920/g, '1366'); } $('.magnific-popup').attr('href', imgUrl); } $(document).ready(function () { buildMagnificThumbnail(); $('.magnific-popup').magnificPopup({ type: 'image' }); }); </script> <div id="PageContent_C002_Col00" class="sf_colsIn container" data-sf-element="Container" data-placeholder-label="Container"><div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="PageContent_C007_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-md-12" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"> <div class="section-heading"> <h2>News</h2> <a href="https://www.who.int/europe/news?healthtopics=e8d01de2-a2b1-4c94-a4db-c5bd53fd24e6,71003ba0-31a7-4c3e-a978-648a7540402d">All →</a> </div> <div class="list-view horizontal-list matching-height"> <div class="list-view--item horizontal-list-item matching-height--item"> <a href="/europe/news/item/20-11-2024-the-toilet-is-a-place-for-peace--protection-and-progress" class="link-container" aria-label="The toilet is a place for peace, protection and progress" role="link"> <div class="thumb"> <div class="background-image background-image--small" data-image="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/news-images/web00127-tajikistan-march-2017-150.tmb-768v.jpg?sfvrsn=18019f76_1" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/news-images/web00127-tajikistan-march-2017-150.tmb-549v.jpg?sfvrsn=18019f76_1')"></div> </div> <div class="info"> <div class="date"> <span class="timestamp">20 November 2024</span> <div class="sf-tags-list"> <div class="sf-tags-list-item">News release</div> </div> </div> <p class="heading text-underline">The toilet is a place for peace, protection and progress</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="list-view--item horizontal-list-item matching-height--item"> <a href="/europe/news/item/29-10-2024-advancing-the-implementation-of-the-one-health-approach-in-the-who-european-region" class="link-container" aria-label="Advancing the implementation of the One Health approach in the WHO European Region" role="link"> <div class="thumb"> <div class="background-image background-image--small" data-image="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/news-images/web0072-thmb.tmb-768v.jpg?sfvrsn=503966fd_6" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/news-images/web0072-thmb.tmb-549v.jpg?sfvrsn=503966fd_6')"></div> </div> <div class="info"> <div class="date"> <span class="timestamp">29 October 2024</span> <div class="sf-tags-list"> <div class="sf-tags-list-item">News release</div> </div> </div> <p class="heading text-underline">Advancing the implementation of the One Health approach in the WHO European Region</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="list-view--item horizontal-list-item matching-height--item"> <a href="/europe/news/item/29-10-2024-statement---united-action-for-better-health---our-promise--now-and-always" class="link-container" aria-label="Statement – United Action for Better Health – our promise, now and always" role="link"> <div class="thumb"> <div class="background-image background-image--small" data-image="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/video-thumbnails/address-by-the-regional-director-united-action-for-better-health---our-promise--now-and-always-video-thumbnail.tmb-768v.png?sfvrsn=61fe961c_5" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/video-thumbnails/address-by-the-regional-director-united-action-for-better-health---our-promise--now-and-always-video-thumbnail.tmb-549v.png?sfvrsn=61fe961c_5')"></div> </div> <div class="info"> <div class="date"> <span class="timestamp">29 October 2024</span> <div class="sf-tags-list"> <div class="sf-tags-list-item">Transcript</div> </div> </div> <p class="heading text-underline">Statement – United Action for Better Health – our promise, now and always</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="list-view--item horizontal-list-item matching-height--item"> <a href="/europe/news/item/30-09-2024-who-welcomes-new-partnerships-to-unlock-solutions-for-health-and-environmental-challenges" class="link-container" aria-label="WHO welcomes new partnerships to unlock solutions for health and environmental challenges" role="link"> <div class="thumb"> <div class="background-image background-image--small" data-image="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/news-images/who-europe-welcomes-two-new-ehp-partnerships---id-20183678.tmb-768v.jpg?sfvrsn=db7bd50c_1" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/news-images/who-europe-welcomes-two-new-ehp-partnerships---id-20183678.tmb-549v.jpg?sfvrsn=db7bd50c_1')"></div> </div> <div class="info"> <div class="date"> <span class="timestamp">30 September 2024</span> <div class="sf-tags-list"> <div class="sf-tags-list-item">News release</div> </div> </div> <p class="heading text-underline">WHO welcomes new partnerships to unlock solutions for health and environmental challenges</p> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row" data-sf-element="Row"> <div id="PageContent_C006_Col00" class="sf_colsIn col-md-12" data-sf-element="Column 1" data-placeholder-label="Column 1"> <div class="section-heading"> <h2>Our work</h2> <a href="https://www.who.int/europe/activities?healthtopics=e8d01de2-a2b1-4c94-a4db-c5bd53fd24e6,71003ba0-31a7-4c3e-a978-648a7540402d">All →</a> </div> <div class="list-view horizontal-list matching-height"> <div class="list-view--item horizontal-list-item matching-height--item"> <a href="https://www.who.int/europe/activities/strengthening-drinking-water--wastewater-and-water-related-disease-surveillance" class="link-container" aria-label="Strengthening drinking-water, wastewater and water-related disease surveillance" role="link"> <div class="thumb"> <div class="background-image background-image--small" data-image="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/health-topic-images/water-who--charles-ndwiga.tmb-768v.png?sfvrsn=bd779738_1" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/health-topic-images/water-who--charles-ndwiga.tmb-549v.png?sfvrsn=bd779738_1')"></div> </div> <div class="info"> <div class="date"> </div> <p class="heading text-underline">Strengthening drinking-water, wastewater and water-related disease surveillance</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="list-view--item horizontal-list-item matching-height--item"> <a href="https://www.who.int/europe/activities/ensuring-water-sanitation-and-hygiene-in-schools" class="link-container" aria-label="Ensuring water, sanitation and hygiene in schools" role="link"> <div class="thumb"> <div class="background-image background-image--small" data-image="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/site-banner-images/activities/ensuring-water-sanitation-and-hygiene-in-schools.tmb-768v.jpg?sfvrsn=22da5d8e_3" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/site-banner-images/activities/ensuring-water-sanitation-and-hygiene-in-schools.tmb-549v.jpg?sfvrsn=22da5d8e_3')"></div> </div> <div class="info"> <div class="date"> </div> <p class="heading text-underline">Ensuring water, sanitation and hygiene in schools</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="list-view--item horizontal-list-item matching-height--item"> <a href="https://www.who.int/europe/activities/promoting-water-sanitation-and-hygiene-in-health-care-facilities" class="link-container" aria-label="Promoting water, sanitation and hygiene in health care facilities" role="link"> <div class="thumb"> <div class="background-image background-image--small" data-image="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/site-banner-images/activities/promoting-water-sanitation-and-hygiene-in-health-care-facilities.tmb-768v.jpg?sfvrsn=2e426981_1" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/site-banner-images/activities/promoting-water-sanitation-and-hygiene-in-health-care-facilities.tmb-549v.jpg?sfvrsn=2e426981_1')"></div> </div> <div class="info"> <div class="date"> </div> <p class="heading text-underline">Promoting water, sanitation and hygiene in health care facilities</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="list-view--item horizontal-list-item matching-height--item"> <a href="https://www.who.int/europe/activities/addressing-sanitation-challenges-in-the-european-region" class="link-container" aria-label="Addressing sanitation challenges in the European Region" role="link"> <div class="thumb"> <div class="background-image background-image--small" data-image="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/site-banner-images/activities/addressing-sanitation-challenges-in-the-european-region.tmb-768v.jpg?sfvrsn=f5b4119c_1" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/site-banner-images/activities/addressing-sanitation-challenges-in-the-european-region.tmb-549v.jpg?sfvrsn=f5b4119c_1')"></div> </div> <div class="info"> <div class="date"> </div> <p class="heading text-underline">Addressing sanitation challenges in the European Region</p> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="section-heading"> <h2>Multimedia</h2> <a href="https://www.who.int/europe/multi-media?healthtopics=e8d01de2-a2b1-4c94-a4db-c5bd53fd24e6,71003ba0-31a7-4c3e-a978-648a7540402d">All →</a> </div> <script type='text/javascript' src='/ResourcePackages/WHO/assets/dist/scripts/multimedia-modal.min.js?v=14.0.7729.19549'></script> <script async defer src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js#xfbml=1&version=v3.2"></script> <div class="sf-multimedia"> <div class="sf-multimedia-list sf-multimedia-list__small row"> <div class="sf-multimedia-item sf-multimedia-item__infographic col-md-3 col-xs-6"> <a class="sf-multimedia-item__container" href="/europe/multi-media/item/menstrual-hygiene-management---ending-discrimination-improving-health-and-education" target="_blank"> <figure class="sf-multimedia-item__figure" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/menstrual-hygiene-management---ending-discrimination-improving-health-and-education.tmb-549v.jpg?sfvrsn=f48e49a5_1');" role="img" aria-label="Menstrual hygiene management - Ending discrimination, improving health and education" title="Menstrual hygiene management - Ending discrimination, improving health and education"> <img src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/menstrual-hygiene-management---ending-discrimination-improving-health-and-education.tmb-549v.jpg?sfvrsn=f48e49a5_1" alt="Menstrual hygiene management - Ending discrimination, improving health and education" style="display: none;" /> </figure> <div class="sf-multimedia-item__body"> <div class="sf-multimedia-item__body-wrapper"> <div class="sf-multimedia-item__label">Infographic</div> <h3 class="sf-multimedia-item__heading">Menstrual hygiene management - Ending discrimination, improving health and education</h3> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="sf-multimedia-item sf-multimedia-item__video col-md-3 col-xs-6"> <a class="sf-multimedia-item__container" href="/europe/multi-media/item/who-cares-about-toilets-in-health-care-facilities"> <span class="sf-multimedia-item__link page-url play-button"></span> <figure class="sf-multimedia-item__figure" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/who-cares-about-toilets-in-health-care-facilities8ce312d7-eaf8-4c32-86ee-99a9f3915a03.tmb-549v.png?sfvrsn=18c828a6_1');" role="img" aria-label="Who cares about toilets? In Health Care Facilities" title="Who cares about toilets? In Health Care Facilities"> <img src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/who-cares-about-toilets-in-health-care-facilities8ce312d7-eaf8-4c32-86ee-99a9f3915a03.tmb-549v.png?sfvrsn=18c828a6_1" alt="Who cares about toilets? In Health Care Facilities" style="display: none;" /> </figure> <div class="sf-multimedia-item__body"> <div class="sf-multimedia-item__date">17 November 2021</div> <h3 class="sf-multimedia-item__heading">Who cares about toilets? In Health Care Facilities</h3> <div class="sf-multimedia-item__actions"> <div class="sf-multimedia-item__url"> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="sf-multimedia-item sf-multimedia-item__video col-md-3 col-xs-6"> <a class="sf-multimedia-item__container" href="/europe/multi-media/item/how-to-protect-drinking-water-a-documentary-on-developing-a-water-safety-plan-in-practice"> <span class="sf-multimedia-item__link page-url play-button"></span> <figure class="sf-multimedia-item__figure" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/how-to-protect-drinking-water-a-documentary-on-developing-a-water-safety-plan-in-practice.tmb-549v.png?sfvrsn=80c59bbb_1');" role="img" aria-label="How to protect drinking-water – a documentary on developing a water safety plan in practice" title="How to protect drinking-water – a documentary on developing a water safety plan in practice"> <img src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/how-to-protect-drinking-water-a-documentary-on-developing-a-water-safety-plan-in-practice.tmb-549v.png?sfvrsn=80c59bbb_1" alt="How to protect drinking-water – a documentary on developing a water safety plan in practice" style="display: none;" /> </figure> <div class="sf-multimedia-item__body"> <div class="sf-multimedia-item__date">20 March 2019</div> <h3 class="sf-multimedia-item__heading">How to protect drinking-water – a documentary on developing a water safety plan in practice</h3> <div class="sf-multimedia-item__actions"> <div class="sf-multimedia-item__url"> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="sf-multimedia-item sf-multimedia-item__video col-md-3 col-xs-6"> <a class="sf-multimedia-item__container" href="/europe/multi-media/item/world-toilet-day-2020-imagine-the-potential"> <span class="sf-multimedia-item__link page-url play-button"></span> <figure class="sf-multimedia-item__figure" style="background-image: url('https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/world-toilet-day-2020-imagine-the-potential.tmb-549v.png?sfvrsn=d1a4ab4f_2');" role="img" aria-label="World Toilet Day 2020: imagine the potential" title="World Toilet Day 2020: imagine the potential"> <img src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/world-toilet-day-2020-imagine-the-potential.tmb-549v.png?sfvrsn=d1a4ab4f_2" alt="World Toilet Day 2020: imagine the potential" style="display: none;" /> </figure> <div class="sf-multimedia-item__body"> <div class="sf-multimedia-item__date">18 November 2020</div> <h3 class="sf-multimedia-item__heading">World Toilet Day 2020: imagine the potential</h3> <div class="sf-multimedia-item__actions"> <div class="sf-multimedia-item__url"> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mdc-card mdc-card--horizontal matching-height--item grey" role="article"> <div class="mdc-card__primary-action "> <a href="https://who.canto.global/b/N86B9" class="link" rel="noopener" target="_self"> <div class="mdc-card__media"> <img src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/wash-poster-series.jpg?sfvrsn=1bf41e4e_2" title="wash-poster-series" alt="WASH poster series"> </div> <div class="card-media--item"> <div class="card-media-primary"> <div id="ed0772d1f31145be9c555fa30ff775e2" class="item--title">Poster series on WASH in schools for pupils</div> <div class="item--subtitle"></div> </div> <div class="card-media-secondary"> <div class="item--abstract"> <p>Establishing good water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practice in schools is about infrastructure, operation and maintenance, and education. These posters are a resource for teachers to start integrating WASH in education in or outside the class. They provide practical tips for pupils on addressing good hygiene practices and healthy behaviours. </p> <p>Health education that includes WASH topics contributes to improving health, well-being and quality of life; it increases pupils self-esteem, self-confidence and coping capacity with positive effects on their school performance. Each poster is dedicated to a particularly important topic for promoting health and quality education at school. </p> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="section-heading"> <h2>Publications</h2> <a href="https://www.who.int/europe/publications/i?healthtopics=e8d01de2-a2b1-4c94-a4db-c5bd53fd24e6,71003ba0-31a7-4c3e-a978-648a7540402d">All →</a> </div> <div class="sf-publications"> <div class="sf-publications-list sf-publications-list__horizontal row"> <div class="sf-publications-item list-item col-sm-3"> <div class="sf-publications-item__container"> <figure class="sf-publications-item__figure"> <img src="https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/378818/WHO-EURO-2024-10498-50270-75820-eng.pdf.jpg?sequence=4" alt="Strengthening climate resilience in the drinking-water and sanitation sector through the Protocol on Water and Health" /> </figure> <div class="sf-publications-item__body"> <div class="sf-publications-item__header"> <div class="sf-publications-item__date"> <span>12 September 2024</span> </div> <a href="/europe/publications/i/item/WHO-EURO-2024-10498-50270-75820"> <h3 class="sf-publications-item__title">Strengthening climate resilience in the drinking-water and sanitation sector through the Protocol on... </h3> </a> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__description"> <p>Strengthening the resilience of water and sanitation services to climate change is a key priority across the pan-European region. Infrastructure and supporting... </p> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__actions"> <div class="sf-publications-item__file"> <a class="download-url " href="https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/378818/WHO-EURO-2024-10498-50270-75820-eng.pdf?sequence=1" aria-label="Download" target="_blank">Download</a> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__url"> <a href="/europe/publications/i/item/WHO-EURO-2024-10498-50270-75820" class="page-url" aria-label="Read More">Read More</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item list-item col-sm-3"> <div class="sf-publications-item__container"> <figure class="sf-publications-item__figure"> <img src="https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/376125/9789289060424-eng.pdf.jpg?sequence=4" alt="Infection prevention and control simulation on the implementation of standard and transmission-based precautions: guide for players and facilitators" /> </figure> <div class="sf-publications-item__body"> <div class="sf-publications-item__header"> <div class="sf-publications-item__date"> <span>7 July 2024</span> </div> <a href="/europe/publications/i/item/978-92-890-6042-4"> <h3 class="sf-publications-item__title">Infection prevention and control simulation on the implementation of standard and transmission-based... </h3> </a> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__description"> <p>This instruction manual describes scope, purpose and provides instructions on how to conduct tabletop simulation on Infection prevention and control (&lrm;IPC)&lrm;... </p> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__actions"> <div class="sf-publications-item__file"> <a class="download-url " href="https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/376125/9789289060424-eng.pdf?sequence=1" aria-label="Download" target="_blank">Download</a> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__url"> <a href="/europe/publications/i/item/978-92-890-6042-4" class="page-url" aria-label="Read More">Read More</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item list-item col-sm-3"> <div class="sf-publications-item__container"> <figure class="sf-publications-item__figure"> <img src="https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/376126/9789289060448-eng.pdf.jpg?sequence=4" alt="Building climate resilient WASH services in health-care facilities: guide for players and facilitators" /> </figure> <div class="sf-publications-item__body"> <div class="sf-publications-item__header"> <div class="sf-publications-item__date"> <span>28 February 2024</span> </div> <a href="/europe/publications/i/item/9789289060448"> <h3 class="sf-publications-item__title">Building climate resilient WASH services in health-care facilities: guide for players and facilitators</h3> </a> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__description"> <p>This instruction manual describes scope, purpose and provides instructions on how to conduct tabletop simulation on building climate-resilient WASH services... </p> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__actions"> <div class="sf-publications-item__file"> <a class="download-url " href="https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/376126/9789289060448-eng.pdf?sequence=1" aria-label="Download" target="_blank">Download</a> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__url"> <a href="/europe/publications/i/item/9789289060448" class="page-url" aria-label="Read More">Read More</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item list-item col-sm-3"> <div class="sf-publications-item__container"> <figure class="sf-publications-item__figure"> <img src="https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/371461/Budapest-decl-2023-eng.pdf.jpg?sequence=7" alt="Declaration of the Seventh Ministerial Conference on Environment and Health: Budapest, Hungary 5–7 July 2023" /> </figure> <div class="sf-publications-item__body"> <div class="sf-publications-item__header"> <div class="sf-publications-item__date"> <span>19 July 2023</span> </div> <a href="/europe/publications/i/item/EURO-Budapest2023-6"> <h3 class="sf-publications-item__title">Declaration of the Seventh Ministerial Conference on Environment and Health: Budapest, Hungary 5–7 July... </h3> </a> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__description"> <p></p> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__actions"> <div class="sf-publications-item__file"> <a class="download-url " href="https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/371461/Budapest-decl-2023-eng.pdf?sequence=5" aria-label="Download" target="_blank">Download</a> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__url"> <a href="/europe/publications/i/item/EURO-Budapest2023-6" class="page-url" aria-label="Read More">Read More</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="section-heading"> <h2>Documents</h2> <a href="https://www.who.int/europe/publications/m?healthtopics=e8d01de2-a2b1-4c94-a4db-c5bd53fd24e6,71003ba0-31a7-4c3e-a978-648a7540402d">All →</a> </div> <div class="sf-publications"> <div class="sf-publications-list sf-publications-list__horizontal row"> <div class="sf-publications-item list-item col-sm-3"> <div class="sf-publications-item__container"> <figure class="sf-publications-item__figure"> <img src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/meeting-report-thumbnails/20291-one-health_20pages_no_cropmarks_final_161024-thumbnail.tmb-144v.png?sfvrsn=fe7734ea_3" alt="" /> </figure> <div class="sf-publications-item__body"> <div class="sf-publications-item__header"> <div class="sf-publications-item__date"> <span>17 October 2024</span> </div> <a href="/europe/publications/m/item/adaptation-guide-on-the-one-health-approach-for-the-who-european-region"> <h3 class="sf-publications-item__title">Adaptation guide on the One Health approach for the WHO European Region</h3> </a> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__description"> <p></p> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__actions"> <div class="sf-publications-item__file"> <a class="download-url " href="https://www.who.int/docs/librariesprovider2/default-document-library/20291-one-health_20pages_no_cropmarks_final_161024.pdf?sfvrsn=9cc9298e_2&download=true" aria-label="Download" target="_blank">Download</a> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__url"> <a href="/europe/publications/m/item/adaptation-guide-on-the-one-health-approach-for-the-who-european-region" class="page-url" aria-label="Read More">Read More</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item list-item col-sm-3"> <div class="sf-publications-item__container"> <figure class="sf-publications-item__figure"> <img src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/meeting-report-thumbnails/water--sanitation-and-hygiene-in-schools---key-insights-from-the-third-subregional-workshop-en.tmb-144v.jpg?sfvrsn=e1ccf502_5" alt="Water, sanitation and hygiene in schools - Key insights from the third subregional workshop" /> </figure> <div class="sf-publications-item__body"> <div class="sf-publications-item__header"> <div class="sf-publications-item__date"> <span>10 July 2024</span> </div> <a href="/europe/publications/m/item/water-sanitation-and-hygiene-in-schools-key-insights-from-the-third-subregional-workshop"> <h3 class="sf-publications-item__title">Water, sanitation and hygiene in schools - Key insights from the third subregional workshop</h3> </a> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__description"> <p></p> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__actions"> <div class="sf-publications-item__file"> <a class="download-url " href="https://www.who.int/docs/librariesprovider2/default-document-library/wash-communication-leaflet-2024-v04_final-cleared-eng.pdf?sfvrsn=6d3abf2c_2&download=true" aria-label="Download" target="_blank">Download</a> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__url"> <a href="/europe/publications/m/item/water-sanitation-and-hygiene-in-schools-key-insights-from-the-third-subregional-workshop" class="page-url" aria-label="Read More">Read More</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item list-item col-sm-3"> <div class="sf-publications-item__container"> <figure class="sf-publications-item__figure"> <img src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/water--sanitation-and-hygiene-in-schools---take-away-messages-from-the-second-subregional-workshop.tmb-144v.jpg?sfvrsn=c3bc2664_1" alt="Water, sanitation and hygiene in schools - Take-away messages from the second subregional workshop" /> </figure> <div class="sf-publications-item__body"> <div class="sf-publications-item__header"> <div class="sf-publications-item__date"> <span>13 December 2022</span> </div> <a href="/europe/publications/m/item/water--sanitation-and-hygiene-in-schools---take-away-messages-from-the-second-subregional-workshop"> <h3 class="sf-publications-item__title">Water, sanitation and hygiene in schools - Take-away messages from the second subregional workshop</h3> </a> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__description"> <p>On 4–6 April 2022, over 25 health and education experts and decision-makers from countries and areas from south-eastern Europe gathered for the second... </p> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__actions"> <div class="sf-publications-item__file"> <a class="download-url " href="https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/librariesprovider2/euro-health-topics/water-and-sanitation/wash-communication-leaflet-2022-12---v03.pdf?sfvrsn=412dae2e_3&download=true" aria-label="Download" target="_blank">Download</a> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__url"> <a href="/europe/publications/m/item/water--sanitation-and-hygiene-in-schools---take-away-messages-from-the-second-subregional-workshop" class="page-url" aria-label="Read More">Read More</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item list-item col-sm-3"> <div class="sf-publications-item__container"> <figure class="sf-publications-item__figure"> <img src="https://cdn.who.int/media/images/librariesprovider2/default-album/meeting-report-thumbnails/wash-meeting-summary-leaflet-eng-thumbnail.tmb-144v.jpg?sfvrsn=6a8b2b63_1" alt="" /> </figure> <div class="sf-publications-item__body"> <div class="sf-publications-item__header"> <div class="sf-publications-item__date"> <span>1 October 2021</span> </div> <a href="/europe/publications/m/item/water--sanitation-and-hygiene-in-schools---meeting-summary"> <h3 class="sf-publications-item__title">Water, sanitation and hygiene in schools - Meeting summary</h3> </a> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__description"> <p></p> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__actions"> <div class="sf-publications-item__file"> <a class="download-url " href="https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/librariesprovider2/euro-health-topics/water-and-sanitation/wash-meeting-summary-leaflet-eng.pdf?sfvrsn=84298dc0_1&download=true" aria-label="Download" target="_blank">Download</a> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__url"> <a href="/europe/publications/m/item/water--sanitation-and-hygiene-in-schools---meeting-summary" class="page-url" aria-label="Read More">Read More</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="section-heading"> <h2>Fact sheet series</h2> <a href="https://www.who.int/europe/publications/i?healthtopics=e8d01de2-a2b1-4c94-a4db-c5bd53fd24e6,71003ba0-31a7-4c3e-a978-648a7540402d&publicationtypes=9a0a66b8-ea4e-4e0b-bd65-6e44344cf8bd">All →</a> </div> <div class="sf-publications"> <div class="sf-publications-list sf-publications-list__horizontal row"> <div class="sf-publications-item list-item col-sm-3"> <div class="sf-publications-item__container"> <figure class="sf-publications-item__figure"> <img src="https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/351888/WHO-EURO-2022-4869-44632-63329-eng.pdf.jpg?sequence=6" alt="Inequalities in lack of a flush toilet in the dwelling [‎February 2022]‎: environmental health inequalities: fact sheet series" /> </figure> <div class="sf-publications-item__body"> <div class="sf-publications-item__header"> <div class="sf-publications-item__date"> <span>1 February 2022</span> </div> <a href="/europe/publications/i/item/WHO-EURO-2022-4869-44632-63329"> <h3 class="sf-publications-item__title">Inequalities in lack of a flush toilet in the dwelling [‎February 2022]‎: environmental health inequalities:... </h3> </a> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__description"> <p>This fact sheet series documents the magnitude of environmental health inequalities within countries in the WHO European Region. Environmental health... </p> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__actions"> <div class="sf-publications-item__file"> <a class="download-url " href="https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/351888/WHO-EURO-2022-4869-44632-63329-eng.pdf?sequence=2" aria-label="Download" target="_blank">Download</a> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__url"> <a href="/europe/publications/i/item/WHO-EURO-2022-4869-44632-63329" class="page-url" aria-label="Read More">Read More</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item list-item col-sm-3"> <div class="sf-publications-item__container"> <figure class="sf-publications-item__figure"> <img src="https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/351879/WHO-EURO-2022-4868-44631-63327-eng.pdf.jpg?sequence=6" alt="Inequalities in access to at least basic drinking-water services [‎February 2022]‎: environmental health inequalities: fact sheet series" /> </figure> <div class="sf-publications-item__body"> <div class="sf-publications-item__header"> <div class="sf-publications-item__date"> <span>1 February 2022</span> </div> <a href="/europe/publications/i/item/WHO-EURO-2022-4868-44631-63327"> <h3 class="sf-publications-item__title">Inequalities in access to at least basic drinking-water services [‎February 2022]‎: environmental health... </h3> </a> </div> <div class="sf-publications-item__description"> <p>This fact sheet series documents the magnitude of environmental health inequalities within countries in the WHO European Region. 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