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<div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Count</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Count" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Count" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list minerva-icon-only-menu"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" 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For the Roman title, see <a href="/wiki/Comes" title="Comes">Comes</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Count_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Count (disambiguation)">Count (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Countess" redirects here. 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> Count (feminine: countess) is a historical title of <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobility</a> in certain <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> countries, varying in relative status, generally of middling rank in the hierarchy of nobility.<a href="#cite_note-pine-1">[1]</a> Especially in earlier medieval periods the term often implied not only a certain status, but also that the count had specific responsibilities or offices. The etymologically related English term "<a href="/wiki/County" title="County">county</a>" denoted the territories associated with some countships, but not all. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johan_Erik_Lindh_-_Portrait_of_Carl_Gustaf_Mannerheim_(1797-1854).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Johan_Erik_Lindh_-_Portrait_of_Carl_Gustaf_Mannerheim_%281797-1854%29.jpg/170px-Johan_Erik_Lindh_-_Portrait_of_Carl_Gustaf_Mannerheim_%281797-1854%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Johan_Erik_Lindh_-_Portrait_of_Carl_Gustaf_Mannerheim_%281797-1854%29.jpg/255px-Johan_Erik_Lindh_-_Portrait_of_Carl_Gustaf_Mannerheim_%281797-1854%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Johan_Erik_Lindh_-_Portrait_of_Carl_Gustaf_Mannerheim_%281797-1854%29.jpg/340px-Johan_Erik_Lindh_-_Portrait_of_Carl_Gustaf_Mannerheim_%281797-1854%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="394" data-file-height="496"></a><figcaption>Count <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Mannerheim_(naturalist)" title="Carl Gustaf Mannerheim (naturalist)">Carl Gustaf Mannerheim</a> (1797–1854), the <a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">governor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Vyborg_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyborg Province">Vyborg Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Entomology" title="Entomology">entomologist</a> and the grandfather of <a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">Baron</a> <a href="/wiki/C._G._E._Mannerheim" class="mw-redirect" title="C. G. E. Mannerheim">C. G. E. Mannerheim</a></figcaption></figure> The title of count is typically not used in England or English-speaking countries, and the term <a href="/wiki/Earl" title="Earl">earl</a> is used instead. A female holder of the title is still referred to as a countess, however. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Origin_of_the_term">1 Origin of the term</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Land_attached_to_title">1.1 Land attached to title</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Comital_titles_in_different_European_languages">2 Comital titles in different European languages</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Etymological_derivations_from_the_Latin_comes">2.1 Etymological derivations from the Latin comes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Etymological_derivations_from_German_Graf_and/or_Dutch_Graaf">2.2 Etymological derivations from German Graf and/or Dutch Graaf</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Compound_and_related_titles">2.3 Compound and related titles</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Lists_of_countships">3 Lists of countships</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Territory_of_today's_France">3.1 Territory of today's France</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Kingdom_of_the_Western_Franks">3.1.1 Kingdom of the Western Franks</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#Parts_of_today's_France_long_within_other_kingdoms_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire">3.1.2 Parts of today's France long within other kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#The_Holy_Roman_Empire">3.2 The Holy Roman Empire</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#In_Germany">3.2.1 In Germany</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#Northern_Italian_states">3.2.2 Northern Italian states</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#In_Austria">3.2.3 In Austria</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="#In_the_Low_Countries">3.2.4 In the Low Countries</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#In_Switzerland">3.2.5 In Switzerland</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#In_other_continental_European_countries">3.3 In other continental European countries</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="#Holy_See">3.3.1 Holy See</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="#In_Poland">3.3.2 In Poland</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="#In_Hungary">3.3.3 In Hungary</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="#On_the_Iberian_peninsula">3.3.4 On the Iberian peninsula</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-22"><a href="#Portugal">3.3.4.1 Portugal</a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-23"><a href="#Spain">3.3.4.2 Spain</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#South_Eastern_Europe">3.4 South Eastern Europe</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-25"><a href="#Bulgaria">3.4.1 Bulgaria</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-26"><a href="#Montenegro_and_Serbia">3.4.2 Montenegro and Serbia</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Crusader_states">3.5 Crusader states</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Scandinavia">3.6 Scandinavia</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#Equivalents">4 Equivalents</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#In_fiction">5 In fiction</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="#See_also">6 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="#References">7 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="#Sources">8 Sources</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="#External_links">9 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Origin_of_the_term">Origin of the term</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin of the term" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Comes" title="Comes">Comes</a></div> The word count came into English from the <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> comte, itself from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <a href="/wiki/Comes" title="Comes">comes</a>—in its <a href="/wiki/Accusative_case" title="Accusative case">accusative</a> form comitem. It meant "companion" or "attendant", and as a title it indicated that someone was delegated to represent the ruler. In the late <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, the Latin title comes denoted the high rank of various courtiers and provincial officials, either military or administrative. Before <a href="/wiki/Anthemius" title="Anthemius">Anthemius</a> became emperor in the West in 467, he was a military comes charged with strengthening defenses on the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> frontier.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Roman Empire</a>, "count" came to indicate generically a military commander[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] but was not a specific rank. In the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a>, from about the seventh century, "count" was a specific rank indicating the commander of two <a href="/wiki/Centuria" title="Centuria">centuriae</a> (i.e., 200 men). The medieval title of comes was originally not hereditary.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> It was regarded as an administrative official dependent on the king, until the process of <a href="/wiki/Allodial" class="mw-redirect" title="Allodial">allodialisation</a> during the 9th century in which such titles came to be private possessions of noble families.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> By virtue of their large estates, many counts could pass the title to their heirs—but not always. For instance, in <a href="/wiki/Piast_Poland#the_Early_Kingdom_of_Poland,_(1025%E2%80%931146)" class="mw-redirect" title="Piast Poland">Piast Poland</a>, the position of komes was not hereditary, resembling the early <a href="/wiki/Merovingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Merovingian">Merovingian</a> institution. The title had disappeared by the era of the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a>, and the office had been replaced by others. Only after the <a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">Partitions of Poland</a> did the title of "count" resurface in the title hrabia, derived from the German Graf. In the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> kingdoms in the early <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, a count might also be a <a href="/wiki/Count_palatine" title="Count palatine">count palatine</a>, whose authority derived directly over a royal household, a <a href="/wiki/Palace" title="Palace">palace</a> in its original sense of the seat of power and administration. This other kind of count had vague antecedents in <a href="/wiki/Late_antiquity" title="Late antiquity">Late Antiquity</a> too: the father of <a href="/wiki/Cassiodorus" title="Cassiodorus">Cassiodorus</a> held positions of trust with Theodoric, as comes rerum privatarum, in charge of the imperial lands, then as comes sacrarum largitionum ("count of the sacred doles"), concerned with the finances of the realm.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> In the United Kingdom, the title of earl is used instead of count. Although the exact reason is debated by historians and linguists, one of the more popular theories proposes that count fell into disuse because of its phonetic similarity to the vulgar slang word <a href="/wiki/Cunt" title="Cunt">cunt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Land_attached_to_title">Land attached to title</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Land attached to title" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/County" title="County">County</a></div> It is only after some time that the continental medieval title came came to be strongly associated with the ownership of and jurisdiction over specific lands, which led to evolution of the term county to refer to specific regions. The English term county, used as an equivalent to the English term <a href="/wiki/Shire" title="Shire">shire</a>, is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> conté or cunté which denoted the <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction_(area)" title="Jurisdiction (area)">jurisdiction</a> of a French count or <a href="/wiki/Viscount" title="Viscount">viscount</a>.<a href="#cite_note-etymology-7">[7]</a> The modern French is comté, and its equivalents in other languages are contea, contado, comtat, condado, Grafschaft, graafschap, etc. (cf. <a href="/wiki/Nobility_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobility of Italy">conte</a>, comte, conde, <a href="/wiki/Graf" title="Graf">Graf</a>). The title of Count also continued to exist in cases which are not connected to any specific to a geographical "county". In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, the equivalent "Earl" can also be used as a <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_title" title="Courtesy title">courtesy title</a> for the eldest son of a duke or marquess. In the <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian states</a>, by contrast, all the sons of certain counts were little counts (contini). In <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> there is a distinction between counts (Swedish: greve) created before and after 1809. All children in comital families elevated before 1809 were called count/countess. In families elevated after 1809, only the head of the family was called count, the rest have a status similar to barons and were called by the equivalent of "Mr/Ms/Mrs", before the recognition of titles of nobility was abolished. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Comital_titles_in_different_European_languages">Comital titles in different European languages</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Comital titles in different European languages" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> The following lists are originally based on a Glossary on Heraldica.org by Alexander Krischnig. The male form is followed by the female, and when available, by the territorial circumscription. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymological_derivations_from_the_Latin_comes">Etymological derivations from the Latin comes</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Etymological derivations from the Latin comes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">Language</a> </th> <th width="250pt">Male title </th> <th scope="col">Female title/Spouse </th> <th scope="col">Territory/Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a> </th> <td>Kont </td> <td>Konteshë </td> <td>Konte </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a> </th> <td>Կոմս (Koms) </td> <td>Կոմսուհի (Komsuhi) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a> </th> <td>Кмет (Kmet), present meaning: mayor; medieval (9th-century) Комит (Komit): hereditary provincial ruler </td> <td>Кметица (Kmetitsa), woman mayor Кметша (Kmetsha), mayor's wife </td> <td>Кметство (Kmetstvo); medieval Комитат (Komitat) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a> </th> <td>Comte </td> <td>Comtessa </td> <td>Comtat </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> </th> <td>Count </td> <td>Countess (even where Earl applies) </td> <td>Earldom for an Earl; Countship or county for a count. (<a href="/wiki/County" title="County">County</a> persists in English-speaking countries as a sub-national administrative division.) "Count" applies to titles granted by monarchies other than the British, for which <a href="/wiki/Earl" title="Earl">Earl</a> applies. </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> </th> <td>Comte </td> <td>Comtesse </td> <td>Comté </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> </th> <td>Κόμης (Kómēs) </td> <td>Κόμησσα (Kómēssa) </td> <td>Κομητεία (Komēteía); in the <a href="/wiki/Ionian_Islands" title="Ionian Islands">Ionian Islands</a> the corresponding <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italianate</a> terms κόντες kóntes, κοντέσσα kontéssa were used instead. </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a> </th> <td>Vikomt </td> <td>Vikomtessz </td> <td>Actually meaning viscount. These forms are now archaic or literary; Gróf is used instead. </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a> </th> <td>Cunta </td> <td>Cuntaois </td> <td>Honorary title only. </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> </th> <td>Conte </td> <td>Contessa </td> <td>Contea, Contado </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> (medieval and later; not classical) </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Comes" title="Comes">Comes</a> </td> <td>Comitissa </td> <td>Comitatus </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a> </th> <td>Konti </td> <td>Kontessa </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Monegasque_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Monegasque language">Monegasque</a> </th> <td>Conte </td> <td>Contessa </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> </th> <td><a href="#In_Iberia">Conde</a> </td> <td>Condessa </td> <td>Condado </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a> </th> <td>Conte </td> <td>Contesă </td> <td>Comitat </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a> </th> <td>Cont </td> <td>Contessa </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> </th> <td><a href="#In_Iberia">Conde</a> </td> <td>Condesa </td> <td>Condado </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a> </th> <td>Kont </td> <td>Kontes </td> <td>Kontluk </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymological_derivations_from_German_Graf_and/or_Dutch_Graaf">Etymological derivations from German Graf and/or Dutch Graaf</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Etymological derivations from German Graf and/or Dutch Graaf" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">Language</a> </th> <th scope="col">Male title </th> <th scope="col">Female title / Spouse </th> <th scope="col">Territory </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> </th> <td>Graaf </td> <td>Gravin </td> <td>Graafskap </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a> </th> <td>Граф (Hraf) </td> <td>Графiня (Hrafinia) </td> <td>Графствa (Hrafstva) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a> </th> <td>Граф (Graf) </td> <td>Графиня (Grafinya) </td> <td>Графство (Grafstvo) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a> </th> <td>Grof </td> <td>Grofica </td> <td>Grofovija </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a> </th> <td>Hrabě </td> <td>Hraběnka </td> <td>Hrabství </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a> </th> <td>Greve </td> <td>Grevinde (Count's wife) Komtesse (Unmarried daughter of a count) </td> <td>Grevskab </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> </th> <td>Graaf </td> <td>Gravin </td> <td>Graafschap </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> </th> <td>Grave (for example Landgrave, Margrave), <a href="/wiki/Reeve_(England)" title="Reeve (England)">reeve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheriff" title="Sheriff">sheriff</a> </td> <td>Gravin </td> <td>Graviate </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a> </th> <td>Krahv </td> <td>Krahvinna </td> <td>Krahvkond </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> </th> <td>Kreivi </td> <td>Kreivitär </td> <td>Kreivikunta </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Graf" title="Graf">Graf</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A4fin" class="mw-redirect" title="Gräfin">Gräfin</a> </td> <td>Grafschaft </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> </th> <td>Γράβος (Gravos) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a> </th> <td>გრაფი/თავადი (Grapi/Tavadi) </td> <td>გრაფინია/თავადი (Grapinia/Tavadi) </td> <td>საგრაფო/სათავადო (Sagrapo /Satavado) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a> </th> <td>Gróf </td> <td>Grófnő (born a countess), Grófné (married to a count) </td> <td>Grófság </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a> </th> <td>Greifi </td> <td>Greifynja </td> <td>Greifadæmi </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a> </th> <td>Grāfs </td> <td>Grāfiene </td> <td>Grāfiste </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a> </th> <td>Grafas </td> <td>Grafienė </td> <td>Grafystė </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourgish language">Luxembourgish</a> </th> <td>Grof </td> <td>Gréifin </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a> </th> <td>Гроф (Grof) </td> <td>Грофица (Grofica) </td> <td>Грофовија (Grofovija) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a> </th> <td>Greve/Greive </td> <td>Grevinne </td> <td>Grevskap </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hrabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrabia">Hrabia</a>, Margrabia (non-native titles) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hrabina" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Hrabina">Hrabina</a>, Margrabina (non-native titles) </td> <td>Hrabstwo (translation of foreign term "county") </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a> </th> <td>Grof (also Conte, see above), Greav </td> <td>Grofiță </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> </th> <td>Граф (Graf) </td> <td>Графиня (Grafinya) </td> <td>Графство (Grafstvo) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a> </th> <td>Гроф (Grof) </td> <td>Грофица (Grofica) </td> <td>Грофовија (Grofovija) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a> </th> <td>Gróf </td> <td>Grófka </td> <td>Grófstvo </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a> </th> <td>Grof </td> <td>Grofica </td> <td>Grofija </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> </th> <td>Greve </td> <td>Grevinna </td> <td>Grevskap </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a> </th> <td>Граф (Hraf) </td> <td>Графиня (Hrafynya) </td> <td>Графство (Hrafstvo) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compound_and_related_titles">Compound and related titles</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Compound and related titles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Apart from all these, a few unusual titles have been of comital rank, not necessarily permanently. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dauphin_of_France" title="Dauphin of France">Dauphin</a> (English: Dolphin; Spanish: Delfín; Italian: Delfino; Portuguese: Delfim; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: Delphinus) was a multiple (though rare) comital title in southern France, used by the Dauphins of Vienne and Auvergne, before 1349 when it became the title of the heir to the French throne. The Dauphin was the lord of the province still known as the région <a href="/wiki/Dauphin%C3%A9" title="Dauphiné">Dauphiné</a>.</li> <li>Conde-Duque "Count-Duke" is a rare title used in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, notably by <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_de_Guzm%C3%A1n,_Count-Duke_of_Olivares" title="Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares">Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares</a>. He had inherited the title of count of Olivares, but when created Duke of Sanlucar la Mayor by King <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV of Spain</a> he begged permission to preserve his inherited title in combination with the new honour—according to a practice almost unique in Spanish history; logically the incumbent ranks as Duke (higher than Count) just as he would when simply concatenating both titles.</li> <li>Conde-Barão 'Count-Baron' is a rare title used in <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, notably by Dom Luís Lobo da Silveira, 7th Baron of Alvito, who received the title of Count of Oriola in 1653 from King <a href="/wiki/John_IV_of_Portugal" title="John IV of Portugal">John IV of Portugal</a>. His palace in Lisbon still exists, located in a square named after him (Largo do Conde-Barão).</li> <li>Archcount is a very rare title, etymologically analogous to <a href="/wiki/Archduke" title="Archduke">archduke</a>, apparently never recognized officially, used by or for: <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Flanders" title="Count of Flanders">count of Flanders</a> (an original <a href="/wiki/Pairie" class="mw-redirect" title="Pairie">pairie</a> of the French realm in present Belgium, very rich, once expected to be raised to the rank of kingdom); the informal, rather descriptive use on account of the countship's de facto importance is rather analogous to the unofficial epithet Grand Duc de l'Occident (before <a href="/wiki/Grand_duke" title="Grand duke">Grand duke</a> became a formal title) for the even wealthier <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Duke of Burgundy">Duke of Burgundy</a></li> <li>at least one <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Burgundy" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Burgundy">Count of Burgundy</a> (i.e. Freigraf of <a href="/wiki/Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Franche-Comté">Franche-Comté</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>In German kingdoms, the title <a href="/wiki/Graf" title="Graf">Graf</a> was combined with the word for the jurisdiction or domain the nobleman was holding as a fief or as a conferred or inherited jurisdiction, such as <a href="/wiki/Margrave" title="Margrave">Markgraf</a> (see also <a href="/wiki/Marquess" title="Marquess">Marquess</a>), <a href="/wiki/Landgrave" title="Landgrave">Landgraf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freigraf" title="Freigraf">Freigraf</a> ("free count"), <a href="/wiki/Burgrave" title="Burgrave">Burggraf</a>, where Burg signifies castle; see also <a href="/wiki/Viscount" title="Viscount">Viscount</a>, <a href="/wiki/Count_palatine" title="Count palatine">Pfalzgraf</a> (translated both as "Count Palatine" and, historically, as "Palsgrave"), Raugraf ("Raugrave", see "<a href="/wiki/Graf" title="Graf">Graf</a>", and <a href="/wiki/Waldgrave" title="Waldgrave">Waldgraf</a> (comes nemoris), where Wald signifies a large forest) (from Latin nemus = grove).</li> <li>The German Graf and Dutch graaf (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: grafio) stem from the Byzantine-Greek γραφεύς grapheus meaning "he who calls a meeting [i.e. the court] together").<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></li> <li>The Ottoman military title of Serdar was used in Montenegro and Serbia as a lesser noble title with the equivalent rank of a Count.</li> <li>These titles are not to be confused with various minor administrative titles containing the word -graf in various offices which are not linked to feudal nobility, such as the Dutch titles Pluimgraaf (a court <a href="/wiki/Sinecure" title="Sinecure">sinecure</a>, so usually held by noble courtiers, may even be rendered hereditary) and Dijkgraaf (to the present, in the Low Countries, a manager in the local or regional administration of watercourses through dykes, ditches, controls etc.; also in German Deichgraf, synonymous with Deichhauptmann, "dike captain").</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Lists_of_countships">Lists of countships</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Lists of countships" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Territory_of_today's_France">Territory of today's France</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Territory of today's France" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kingdom_of_the_Western_Franks">Kingdom of the Western Franks</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Kingdom of the Western Franks" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Since <a href="/wiki/Louis_VII_of_France" title="Louis VII of France">Louis VII</a> (1137–80), the highest precedence amongst the vassals (<a href="/wiki/Prince-bishop" title="Prince-bishop">Prince-bishops</a> and secular nobility) of the French crown was enjoyed by those whose benefice or temporal fief was a pairie, i.e. carried the exclusive rank of <a href="/wiki/Pairie" class="mw-redirect" title="Pairie">pair</a>; within the first (i.e. clerical) and second (noble) estates, the first three of the original twelve anciennes pairies were ducal, the next three comital <a href="/wiki/Comt%C3%A9-pairie" class="mw-redirect" title="Comté-pairie">comté-pairies</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Beauvais" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Beauvais">Bishop-counts of Beauvais</a> (in Picardy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Ch%C3%A2lons-sur-Marne" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne">Bishop-counts of Châlons</a> (in Champagne)</li> <li>Bishop-counts of <a href="/wiki/Noyon" title="Noyon">Noyon</a> (in Picardy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Toulouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Counts of Toulouse">Count of Toulouse</a>, until united to the crown in 1271 by marriage</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Flanders" title="Count of Flanders">Count of Flanders</a> (Flandres in French), which is in the Low countries and was confiscated in 1299, though returned in 1303</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Champagne" title="Count of Champagne">Count of Champagne</a>, until united to the crown (in 1316 by marriage, conclusively in 1361)</li></ul> Later other countships (and duchies, even baronies) have been raised to this French peerage, but mostly as <a href="/wiki/Apanage" class="mw-redirect" title="Apanage">apanages</a> (for members of the royal house) or for foreigners; after the 16th century all new peerages were always duchies and the medieval countship-peerages had died out, or were held by royal princes Other French countships of note included those of: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counts_and_dukes_of_Angouleme" class="mw-redirect" title="Counts and dukes of Angouleme">Count of Angoulême, later Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Counts_and_Dukes_of_Anjou" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Counts and Dukes of Anjou">Count of Anjou, later Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rulers_of_Auvergne" class="mw-redirect" title="Rulers of Auvergne">Count of Auvergne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counts_and_dukes_of_Bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Counts and dukes of Bar">Count of Bar, later Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Blois" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Blois">Count of Blois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Boulogne" title="Count of Boulogne">Count of Boulogne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countship_of_Foix" class="mw-redirect" title="Countship of Foix">Count of Foix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Montpensier" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Montpensier">Count of Montpensier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Poitiers" title="Count of Poitiers">Count of Poitiers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Parts_of_today's_France_long_within_other_kingdoms_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire">Parts of today's France long within other kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Parts of today's France long within other kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Burgundy" title="County of Burgundy">Freigraf ("free count") of Burgundy</a> (i.e. present Franche-Comté)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Dauphin%C3%A9#The_independent_state_(1040%E2%80%931349)" title="Dauphiné">Dauphiné</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Holy_Roman_Empire">The Holy Roman Empire</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The Holy Roman Empire" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> See also above for parts of present France <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_Germany">In Germany</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: In Germany" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Graf" title="Graf">Graf</a></div> A Graf ruled over a territory known as a Grafschaft ('county'). See also various comital and related titles; especially those actually reigning over a principality: <a href="/wiki/Gef%C3%BCrsteter_Graf" class="mw-redirect" title="Gefürsteter Graf">Gefürsteter Graf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landgrave" title="Landgrave">Landgraf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reichsgraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsgraf">Reichsgraf</a>; compare <a href="/wiki/Markgraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Markgraf">Markgraf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burggraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Burggraf">Burggraf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pfalzgraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Pfalzgraf">Pfalzgraf</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Estate#Quaternions" title="Imperial Estate">Imperial quaternions</a>). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Northern_Italian_states">Northern Italian states</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Northern Italian states" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The title of Conte is very prolific on the peninsula. In the eleventh century, Conti like the Count of Savoy or the Norman Count of Apulia, were virtually sovereign lords of broad territories. Even apparently "lower"-sounding titles, like <a href="/wiki/Viscount" title="Viscount">Viscount</a>, could describe powerful dynasts, such as the <a href="/wiki/Visconti_of_Milan" title="Visconti of Milan">House of Visconti</a> which ruled a major city such as <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>. The essential title of a feudatory, introduced by the Normans, was signore, modeled on the French seigneur, used with the name of the <a href="/wiki/Fief" title="Fief">fief</a>. By the fourteenth century, conte and the Imperial title barone were virtually synonymous[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]. Some titles of a count, according to the particulars of the patent, might be inherited by the eldest son of a Count. Younger brothers might be distinguished as "X dei conti di Y" ("X of the counts of Y"). However, if there is no male to inherit the title and the count has a daughter, in some regions she could inherit the title. Many Italian counts left their mark on Italian history as individuals, yet only a few contadi (countships; the word contadini for inhabitants of a "county" remains the Italian word for "peasant") were politically significant principalities, notably: <ul><li>Norman Count of <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">Count of Savoy, later Duke</a> (also partly in France and in Switzerland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asti" title="Asti">Count of Asti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montferrat" title="Montferrat">Count of Montferrat (Monferrato)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montefeltro" title="Montefeltro">Count of Montefeltro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tusculum" title="Tusculum">Count of Tusculum</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_Austria">In Austria</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: In Austria" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The principalities tended to start out as margraviate or (promoted to) duchy, and became nominal archduchies within the Habsburg dynasty; noteworthy are: <ul><li>Count of Tyrol</li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Cilli" title="County of Cilli">Count of Cilli</a></li> <li>Count of Schaumburg</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_the_Low_Countries">In the Low Countries</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: In the Low Countries" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Apart from various small ones, significant were : <ul><li>in presentday Belgium : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Flanders" title="Count of Flanders">Count of Flanders</a> (Vlaanderen in Dutch), but only the small part east of the river Schelde remained within the empire; the far larger west, an original French <a href="/wiki/Comt%C3%A9-pairie" class="mw-redirect" title="Comté-pairie">comté-pairie</a> became part of the French realm</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Hainaut" title="Count of Hainaut">Count of Hainaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Namur" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Namur">Count of Namur</a>, later a margraviate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Leuven" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Leuven">Count of Leuven</a> (Louvain), later a dukedom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Loon" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Loon">Count of Loon</a></li></ul></li> <li>in the presentday Netherlands: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Guelders" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Guelders">Count of Guelders</a> later Dukes of Guelders</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Holland" title="Count of Holland">Count of Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Zeeland" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Zeeland">Count of Zeeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Zutphen" title="Count of Zutphen">Count of Zutphen</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_Switzerland">In Switzerland</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: In Switzerland" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DeSalisClothBellonna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/DeSalisClothBellonna.jpg/120px-DeSalisClothBellonna.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="785" data-file-height="1207"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 154px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/DeSalisClothBellonna.jpg/120px-DeSalisClothBellonna.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="154" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/DeSalisClothBellonna.jpg/250px-DeSalisClothBellonna.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Comital ephemera: a Count's coronet and crest on a <a href="/wiki/Doily" title="Doily">doily</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Geneva" title="County of Geneva">Count of Geneva</a></li> <li>Count of <a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Toggenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Toggenburg">Count of Toggenburg</a></li> <li>Count of <a href="/wiki/Kyburg,_Zurich" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyburg, Zurich">Kyburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_de_Salis-Soglio" title="Count de Salis-Soglio">Count de Salis-Soglio</a> (also in the UK, Canada and Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_de_Salis-Seewis" title="Count de Salis-Seewis">Count de Salis-Seewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_Panzutti" title="Count Panzutti">Count of Panzutti</a></li> <li>Count In-Albon</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_other_continental_European_countries">In other continental European countries</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: In other continental European countries" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Holy_See">Holy See</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Holy See" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Papal_count" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal count">Papal count</a></div> Count/Countess was one of the noble titles granted by the Pope as a temporal sovereign, and the title's holder was sometimes informally known as a papal count/papal countess or less so as a Roman count/Roman countess, but mostly as count/countess. The comital title, which could be for life or hereditary, was awarded in various forms by popes and Holy Roman Emperors since the Middle Ages, infrequently before the 14th century, and the pope continued to grant the comital and other noble titles even after 1870, it was largely discontinued in the mid 20th-century, on the accession of <a href="/wiki/John_XXIII" class="mw-redirect" title="John XXIII">John XXIII</a>. The Papacy and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a> might appoint counts palatine with no particular territorial fief. Until 1812 in some regions, the purchaser of land designated "feudal" was ennobled by the noble seat that he held and became a conte. This practice ceased with the formal abolition of feudalism in the various principalities of early-19th century Italy, last of all in the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_Poland">In Poland</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: In Poland" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Noble_titles_in_Poland" title="Noble titles in Poland">Noble titles in Poland</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Szlachta" title="Szlachta">Szlachta</a></div> Poland was notable throughout its history for not granting titles of nobility. This was on the premise that one could only be born into nobility, outside rare exceptions. Instead, it conferred <a href="/wiki/Offices_in_the_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Offices in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">non-hereditary courtly or civic roles</a>. The noble titles that were in use on its territory were mostly of foreign provenance and usually subject to the process of <a href="/wiki/Indygenat" title="Indygenat">indygenat</a>, naturalisation. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_Hungary">In Hungary</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: In Hungary" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_nobility" title="Hungarian nobility">Hungarian nobility</a></div> Somewhat similar to the native privileged class of nobles found in Poland, Hungary also had a class of <a href="/wiki/Conditional_noble" title="Conditional noble">Conditional nobles</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="On_the_Iberian_peninsula">On the Iberian peninsula</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: On the Iberian peninsula" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> As opposed to the plethora of hollow "gentry" counts, only a few countships ever were important in medieval <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberia</a>; most territory was firmly within the <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a> kingdoms before counts could become important. However, during the 19th century, the title, having lost its high rank (equivalent to that of <a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">Duke</a>), proliferated. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Portugal">Portugal</h5> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Portugal" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_countships_in_Portugal" title="List of countships in Portugal">List of countships in Portugal</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> itself started as a countship in 868, but became a <a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal_(1112-1279)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Portugal (1112-1279)">kingdom</a> in 1139 (see:<a href="/wiki/County_of_Portugal" title="County of Portugal">County of Portugal</a>). Throughout the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal" title="History of Portugal">history of Portugal</a>, especially during the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal_(1834-1910)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Portugal (1834-1910)">constitutional monarchy</a> many other countships were created. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Spain">Spain</h5> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Spain" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heraldic_Crown_of_Spanish_Count.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Heraldic_Crown_of_Spanish_Count.svg/220px-Heraldic_Crown_of_Spanish_Count.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="126"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 109px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Heraldic_Crown_of_Spanish_Count.svg/220px-Heraldic_Crown_of_Spanish_Count.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="109" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Heraldic_Crown_of_Spanish_Count.svg/330px-Heraldic_Crown_of_Spanish_Count.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Heraldic_Crown_of_Spanish_Count.svg/440px-Heraldic_Crown_of_Spanish_Count.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Coronet" title="Coronet">Coronet</a> of a count (Spanish heraldry)</figcaption></figure> In Spain, no countships of wider importance exist, except in the former Spanish march.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Barcelona" title="County of Barcelona">County of Barcelona</a>, the initial core of the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Principality of Catalonia">Principality of Catalonia</a>, later one of the states of the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a>, which became one of the two main components of the Spanish crown.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Aragon">Count of Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Castile">Count of Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia" title="Kingdom of Galicia">Count of Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Lara" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Lara">Count of Lara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_Cassius" title="Count Cassius">Count Cassius</a>, progenitor of the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Qasi" title="Banu Qasi">Banu Qasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Urgell" title="County of Urgell">County of Urgell</a>, later integrated into the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Principality of Catalonia">Principality of Catalonia</a>.</li> <li>The other <a href="/wiki/Catalan_counties" title="Catalan counties">Catalan counties</a> were much smaller and were absorbed early into the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Barcelona" title="County of Barcelona">County of Barcelona</a> (between parentheses the annexation year): <a href="/wiki/County_of_Girona" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Girona">County of Girona</a> (897), <a href="/wiki/County_of_Besal%C3%BA" title="County of Besalú">County of Besalú</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_of_Osona" title="County of Osona">County of Osona</a>, which included the nominal <a href="/wiki/County_of_Manresa" title="County of Manresa">County of Manresa</a> (1111), <a href="/wiki/County_of_Berga" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Berga">County of Berga</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_of_Conflent" title="County of Conflent">County of Conflent</a> (1117) and <a href="/wiki/County_of_Cerdanya" title="County of Cerdanya">County of Cerdanya</a> (1118). From 1162 these counties, together with that of Barcelona, were merged into the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Principality of Catalonia">Principality of Catalonia</a>, a sovereign state that absorbed some other counties: <a href="/wiki/County_of_Roussillon" title="County of Roussillon">County of Roussillon</a> (1172), <a href="/wiki/County_of_Pallars_Juss%C3%A0" title="County of Pallars Jussà">County of Pallars Jussà</a> (1192), <a href="/wiki/County_of_Emp%C3%BAries" title="County of Empúries">County of Empúries</a> (1402), <a href="/wiki/County_of_Urgell" title="County of Urgell">County of Urgell</a> (1413) and <a href="/wiki/County_of_Pallars_Sobir%C3%A0" title="County of Pallars Sobirà">County of Pallars Sobirà</a> (1487), giving the Principality its definitive shape.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Eastern_Europe">South Eastern Europe</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: South Eastern Europe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Bulgaria" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In the <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a>, a komit was a hereditary provincial ruler under the <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">tsar</a> documented since the reign of <a href="/wiki/Presian_I_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Presian I of Bulgaria">Presian</a> (836-852)<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cometopuli_dynasty" title="Cometopuli dynasty">Cometopouli</a> dynasty was named after its founder, the komit of <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sredets</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Montenegro_and_Serbia">Montenegro and Serbia</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Montenegro and Serbia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The title of <a href="/wiki/Serdar_(Ottoman_rank)" title="Serdar (Ottoman rank)">Serdar</a> was used in the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Montenegro" title="Principality of Montenegro">Principality of Montenegro</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia">Principality of Serbia</a> as a noble title below that of <a href="/wiki/Voivode" title="Voivode">Voivode</a> equivalent to that of Count. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crusader_states">Crusader states</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Crusader states" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Edessa" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Edessa">Count of Edessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Tripoli" title="Count of Tripoli">Count of Tripoli</a> (1102–1288)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Scandinavia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> and historically in <a href="/wiki/Denmark-Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Denmark-Norway">Denmark-Norway</a> the title of count (greve) is the highest rank of nobility used in the modern period. Some Danish/Dano-Norwegian countships were associated with <a href="/wiki/Fief" title="Fief">fiefs</a>, and these counts were known as "feudal counts" (<a href="/wiki/Lensgreve_(Danish_title)" title="Lensgreve (Danish title)">lensgreve</a>). They rank above ordinary (titular) counts, and their position in the Danish aristocracy as the highest-ranking noblemen is broadly comparable to that of dukes in other European countries.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> With the first free <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Denmark" title="Constitution of Denmark">Constitution of Denmark</a> of 1849 came a complete abolition of the privileges of the nobility. Since then the title of count has been granted only to members of the <a href="/wiki/Danish_royal_family" title="Danish royal family">Danish royal family</a>, either as a replacement for a princely title when marrying a commoner, or in recent times, instead of that title in connection with divorce. Thus the first wife of <a href="/wiki/Prince_Joachim_of_Denmark" title="Prince Joachim of Denmark">Prince Joachim of Denmark</a>, the younger son of <a href="/wiki/Margrethe_II_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Margrethe II of Denmark">Margrethe II of Denmark</a>, became <a href="/wiki/Alexandra,_Countess_of_Frederiksborg" title="Alexandra, Countess of Frederiksborg">Alexandra, Countess of Frederiksborg</a> on their divorce—initially retaining her title of princess, but losing it on her remarriage. In the Middle Ages the title of <a href="/wiki/Earl" title="Earl">jarl</a> (earl) was the highest title of nobility. The title was eventually replaced by the title of duke, but that title was abolished in Denmark and Norway as early as the Middle Ages. Titles were only reintroduced with the introduction of absolute monarchy in 1660, with count as the highest title. In Sweden the rank of count is the highest rank conferred upon nobles in the modern era and are, like their Danish and Norwegian counterparts, broadly comparable to that of dukes in other European countries. Unlike the rest of Scandinavia, the title of duke is still used in Sweden, but only by members of the royal family not considered part of the nobility. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Equivalents">Equivalents</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Equivalents" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> Like other major Western <a href="/wiki/Noble_title" class="mw-redirect" title="Noble title">noble titles</a>, Count is sometimes used to render certain titles in non-western languages with their own traditions, even though they are as a rule historically unrelated and thus hard to compare, but which are considered "equivalent" in rank. This is the case with: <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> Bó (伯), or "Bojue" (伯爵), hereditary title of nobility ranking below Hóu (侯) and above Zĭ (子)</li> <li>earl of Britain</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> equivalent <a href="/wiki/Hakushaku" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakushaku">Hakushaku</a> (伯爵), adapted during the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji restoration">Meiji restoration</a></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korean</a> equivalent Baekjak (백작) or Poguk</li> <li>in <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, it is rendered Bá, one of the lower titles reserved for male members of the Imperial clan, above Tử (Viscount), Nam (Baron) and Vinh phong (lowest noble title), but lower than—in ascending order—Hầu (Marquis), Công (Prince), Quận-Công (Duke/Duke of a commandery) and Quốc-Công (Grand Duke/Duke of the Nation), all under Vương (King) and Hoàng Đế (Emperor).</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> <a href="/wiki/Sardar" title="Sardar">Sardar</a>, adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha Empire</a>, additionally, <a href="/wiki/Jagir" title="Jagir">Jagirdar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deshmukh" title="Deshmukh">Deshmukh</a> are close equivalents</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> equivalent <a href="/wiki/Sheikh" title="Sheikh">Sheikh</a></li> <li>In traditional <a href="/wiki/Sulu" title="Sulu">Sulu</a> equivalent to <a href="/wiki/Datu_Sadja" title="Datu Sadja">Datu Sadja</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="In_fiction">In fiction</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: In fiction" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_nobility#Counts_and_countesses" title="List of fictional nobility">List of fictional nobility § Counts and countesses</a></div> The title "Count" in fiction is commonly, though not always, given to evil characters, used as another word for prince or vampires: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-small"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Count_Nefaria" title="Count Nefaria">Count Nefaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_Vertigo" title="Count Vertigo">Count Vertigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_von_Count" title="Count von Count">Count von Count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_Duckula" title="Count Duckula">Count Duckula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_Olaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Count Olaf">Count Olaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_Chocula" class="mw-redirect" title="Count Chocula">Count Chocula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_Paris" title="Count Paris">Count Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Monte_Cristo" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Monte Cristo">Count of Monte Cristo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_Dooku" title="Count Dooku">Count Dooku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_Dracula" title="Count Dracula">Count Dracula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_Orlok" title="Count Orlok">Count Orlok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_Arthur_Strong" class="mw-redirect" title="Count Arthur Strong">Count Arthur Strong</a></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czech_nobility" title="Czech nobility">Czech nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_nobility" class="mw-redirect" title="Icelandic nobility">Icelandic nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_nobility" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian nobility">Romanian nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_nobility" title="Russian nobility">Russian nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viscount" title="Viscount">Viscount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl" title="Earl">Earl</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pine-1"><a href="#cite_ref-pine_1-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/L._G._Pine" title="L. G. Pine">Pine, L. G.</a> Titles: How the King Became His Majesty. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1992. p. 73. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/27827106">27827106</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roman-emperors.org/anthemiu.htm">"An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors"</a>. University of South Carolina. Retrieved 2008-04-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Online+Encyclopedia+of+Roman+Emperors&rft.pub=University+of+South+Carolina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roman-emperors.org%2Fanthemiu.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACount" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInstitut_für_Wissenschaftliche_Zusammenarbeit_mit_Hochschulen_der_Entwicklungsländer_(Tübingen,_Germany)1976" class="citation book cs1">Institut für Wissenschaftliche Zusammenarbeit mit Hochschulen der Entwicklungsländer (Tübingen, Germany) (1976). Philosophy and History. Philosophy and History. p. 105.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philosophy+and+History&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=Philosophy+and+History&rft.date=1976&rft.au=Institut+f%C3%BCr+Wissenschaftliche+Zusammenarbeit+mit+Hochschulen+der+Entwicklungsl%C3%A4nder+%28T%C3%BCbingen%2C+Germany%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACount" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeep2001" class="citation book cs1">Jeep, John M. (2001). Medieval Germany: An Encyclopedia. Psychology Press. p. 140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0824076443" title="Special:BookSources/0824076443"><bdi>0824076443</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Germany%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0824076443&rft.aulast=Jeep&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACount" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050510135935/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/cassbook/chap1.html">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/texts/cassbook/chap1.html">the original</a> on 2005-05-10. Retrieved 2005-06-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fccat.sas.upenn.edu%2Fjod%2Ftexts%2Fcassbook%2Fchap1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACount" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csmonitor.com/layout/set/amphtml/The-Culture/In-a-Word/2023/0522/Why-England-has-200-countesses-and-zero-counts">"Why England has 200 countesses – and zero counts - CSMonitor.com"</a>. www.csmonitor.com. Retrieved 2024-09-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.csmonitor.com&rft.atitle=Why+England+has+200+countesses+%E2%80%93+and+zero+counts+-+CSMonitor.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2Flayout%2Fset%2Famphtml%2FThe-Culture%2FIn-a-Word%2F2023%2F0522%2FWhy-England-has-200-countesses-and-zero-counts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACount" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-etymology-7"><a href="#cite_ref-etymology_7-0">^</a> The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology, C. W. Onions (Ed.), 1966, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> Wahrig Deutsches Wörterbuch, 1972 edition, page 1564: < Ahd. gravo, gravio, wahrscheinl. < mlat. graphio, ..., königl. Beamter mit administrativen u. richterl. Befugnissen < grch. grapheus Schreiber, byzantin. Hoftitel; in English: OHG gravo, gravio, prob. from Middle Latin graphio, ..., royal official with administrative and judicial authority, from Gk. grapheus, "writer"/"clerk"/"scribe", Byzantine court title. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Лъв Граматик, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kroraina.com/NI/izvori/GIBI_V/156.gif">Гръцки извори за българската история, т. V, стр. 156</a>; Жеков, Ж. България и Византия VII-IX в. - военна администрация, Университетско издателство "Св. Климент Охридски", София, 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-954-07-2465-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-954-07-2465-2">978-954-07-2465-2</a>, стр. 254 </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Ferdinand Christian Herman von Krogh: Den høiere danske Adel. En genealogisk Haandbog, C. Steen & søn, 1866 </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li>Labarre de Raillicourt: Les Comtes Romains</li> <li>Westermann, Großer Atlas zur Weltgeschichte (in German)</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Count&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only 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</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldica.org/topics/france/peerage.htm">Heraldica.org - here the French peerage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regalis.com/nobletitles.htm">Italian Titles of Nobility</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120527112610/http://www.regalis.com/nobletitles.htm">Archived</a> 2012-05-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060214093646/http://65.66.134.201/cgi-bin/webster/webster.exe?firstp=10661">Webster's 1828 Dictionary</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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edited on 21 February 2025, at 16:10 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA" title="كونت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كونت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conte" title="Conte – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Conte" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conde" title="Conde – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Conde" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kont" title="Kont – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kont" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pek-chiok" title="Pek-chiok – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pek-chiok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kont" title="Kont – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kont" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comte" title="Comte – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Comte" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="قنديش – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="قنديش" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graf" title="Graf – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Graf" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Κόμης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κόμης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conde" title="Conde – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Conde" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konde" title="Konde – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Konde" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AA_(%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="کنت (عنوان) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کنت (عنوان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comte" title="Comte – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Comte" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conde" title="Conde – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Conde" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%EC%9E%91" title="백작 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="백작" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komto" title="Komto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Komto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87" title="কোন্ডে – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="কোন্ডে" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conte" title="Conte – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Conte" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%9F" title="רוזן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוזן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comes" title="Comes – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Comes" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="കൗണ്ട് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കൗണ്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA" title="كونت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كونت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count" title="Count – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Count" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komes" title="Komes – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Komes" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5" title="伯爵 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="伯爵" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comte" title="Comte – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Comte" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komes" title="Komes – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Komes" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conde" title="Conde – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Conde" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conte" title="Conte – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Conte" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count" title="Count – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Count" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%D9%BD" title="ڪائونٽ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪائونٽ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konde" title="Konde – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Konde" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="เคานต์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เคานต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kont" title="Kont – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kont" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A4%D9%86%D9%B9" title="کاؤنٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کاؤنٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc" title="Bá tước – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bá tước" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5" title="伯爵 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伯爵" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5" title="伯爵 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伯爵" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> <ul id="footer-icons" class="footer-icons"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button 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