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palm</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: stem of palm"> <meta name="keywords" content="stem of palm"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="stem of palm"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1072</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: stem of palm</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">892</span> The Role of Bone Marrow Stem Cells Transplantation in the Repair of Damaged Inner Ear in Albino Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Gaber%20Abdel%20Raheem">Ahmed Gaber Abdel Raheem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nashwa%20Ahmed%20Mohamed"> Nashwa Ahmed Mohamed </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is largely caused by the degeneration of the cochlea. Therapeutic options for SNHL are limited to hearing aids and cochlear implants. The cell transplantation approach to the regeneration of hair cells has gained considerable attention because stem cells are believed to accumulate in the damaged sites and have the potential for the repair of damaged tissues. The aim of the work: was to assess the use of bone marrow transplantation in repair of damaged inner ear hair cells in rats after the damage had been inflicted by Amikacin injection. Material and Methods: Thirty albino rats were used in this study. They were divided into three groups. Each group ten rats. Group I: used as control. Group II: Were given Amikacin- intratympanic injection till complete loss of hearing function. This could be assessed by Distortion product Otoacoustic Emission (DPOAEs) and / or auditory brain stem evoked potential (ABR). GroupIII: were given intra-peritoneal injection of bone marrow stem cell after complete loss of hearing caused by Amikacin. Clinical assessment was done using DPOAEs and / or auditory brain stem evoked potential (ABR), before and after bone marrow injection. Histological assessment of the inner ear was done by light and electron microscope. Also, Detection of stem cells in the inner ear by immunohistochemistry. Results: Histological examination of the specimens showed promising improvement in the structure of cochlea that may be responsible for the improvement of hearing function in rats detected by DPOAEs and / or ABR. Conclusion: Bone marrow stem cells transplantation might be useful for the treatment of SNHL. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amikacin" title="amikacin">amikacin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hair%20cells" title=" hair cells"> hair cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensorineural%20hearing%20loss" title=" sensorineural hearing loss"> sensorineural hearing loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20cells" title=" stem cells"> stem cells</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30808/the-role-of-bone-marrow-stem-cells-transplantation-in-the-repair-of-damaged-inner-ear-in-albino-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30808.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">449</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">891</span> A Novel Application of CORDYCEPIN (Cordycepssinensis Extract): Maintaining Stem Cell Pluripotency and Improving iPS Generation Efficiency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shih-Ping%20Liu">Shih-Ping Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng-Hsuan%20Chang"> Cheng-Hsuan Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Chuen%20Huang"> Yu-Chuen Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shih-Yin%20Chen"> Shih-Yin Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Woei-Cherng%20Shyu"> Woei-Cherng Shyu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Embryonic stem cells (ES) and induced pluripotnet stem cells (iPS) are both pluripotent stem cells. For mouse stem cells culture technology, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was used to maintain the pluripotency of stem cells in vitro. However, LIF is an expensive reagent. The goal of this study was to find out a pure compound extracted from Chinese herbal medicine that could maintain stem cells pluripotency to replace LIF and improve the iPS generation efficiency. From 20 candidates traditional Chinese medicine we found that Cordycepsmilitaris triggered the up-regulation of stem cells activating genes (Oct4 and Sox2) expression levels in MEF cells. Cordycepin, a major active component of Cordycepsmilitaris, also could up-regulate Oct4 and Sox2 gene expression. Furthermore, we used ES and iPS cells and treated them with different concentrations of Cordycepin (replaced LIF in the culture medium) to test whether it was useful to maintain the pluripotency. The results showed higher expression levels of several stem cells markers in 10 μM Cordycepin-treated ES and iPS cells compared to controls that did not contain LIF, including alkaline phosphatase, SSEA1, and Nanog. Embryonic body formation and differentiation confirmed that 10 μM Cordycepin-containing medium was capable to maintain stem cells pluripotency after four times passages. For mechanism analysis, microarray analysis indicated extracellular matrix and Jak/Stat signaling pathway as the top two deregulated pathways. In ECM pathway, we determined that the integrin αVβ5 expression levels and phosphorylated Src levels increased after Cordycepin treatment. In addition, the phosphorylated Jak2 and phosphorylated Sat3 protein levels were increased after Cordycepin treatment and suppressed with the Jak2 inhibitor, AG490. The expression of cytokines associated with Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway were also up-regulated by Q-PCR and ELISA assay. Lastly, we used Oct4-GFP MEF cells to test iPS generation efficiency following Cordycepin treatment. We observed that 10 Μm Cordycepin significantly increased the iPS generation efficiency in day 21. In conclusion, we demonstrated Cordycepin could maintain the pluripotency of stem cells through both of ECM and Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway and improved iPS generation efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cordycepin" title="cordycepin">cordycepin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iPS%20cells" title=" iPS cells"> iPS cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jak2%2FStat3%20signaling%20pathway" title=" Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway"> Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20biology" title=" molecular biology"> molecular biology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6862/a-novel-application-of-cordycepin-cordycepssinensis-extract-maintaining-stem-cell-pluripotency-and-improving-ips-generation-efficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6862.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">438</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">890</span> An Assessment of Trace Heavy Metal Contamination of Some Edible Oils Regularly Marketed in Benue and Taraba States of Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raphael%20Odoh">Raphael Odoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Obida%20J.%20Oko"> Obida J. Oko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mary%20S.%20Dauda"> Mary S. Dauda </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The determination of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe,Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn contents in edible oils (palm oil, ground-nut oil and soybean oil) bought from various markets of Benue and Taraba state were carried out with flame atomic absorption spectrophotometric technique. The method 3031 developed acid digestion of oils for metal analysis by atomic absorption or ICP spectrometry was used in the preparation of the edible oil samples for the determination of total metal content in this study. The overall results (µg/g) in palm oil sample ranged from 0.028-0.076, 0.035-0.092, 1.011-1.955, 2.101-4.892, 0.666-0.922, 0.054-0.095, 0.031-0.068 and 1.987-2.971 for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn respectively, while in ground-nut oil the overall results ranged from 0.011-0.042, 0.011-0.052, 0.133-0.788, 1.789-2.511, 0.078-0.765, 0.045-0.092, 0.011-0.028 and 1.098-1.997 for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn respectively. Of the heavy metals considered Cd and Ni showed the highest contamination in the soybean oil sample. The overall results in soybean oil samples ranged from 0.011-0.015, 0.017-0.032, 0.453-0.987, 1.789-2.511, 0.089-0.321, 0.011-0.016, 0.012-0.065 and 1.011-1.997 for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn respectively. The concentration of Pb was the highest. The degree of contamination by each metal was estimated by the transfer factor. The transfer factors obtained for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in edible oils (palm oil, ground-nut oil and soybean oil) were 10.800, 16.500, 16.000, 18.813, 15.115, 14.230, 23.000 and 9.418 for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in palm oil, and 7.000, 12.500, 8.880, 11.333, 7.708, 10.833, 15.00 and 6.608 for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in ground-nut oil while for soybean oil the transfer factors were 13.000, 11.000, 7.642, 11.578, 4.486, 13.00, 12.333 and 4.412 for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn respectively. The inter-element correlation was found among metals in edible oil samples using Pearson’s correlation co-efficient. There were positive and negative correlations among the metals determined. All Metals determined showed degree of contamination but concentrations lower than the USP specification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benue%20State" title="Benue State">Benue State</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contamination" title=" contamination"> contamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edible%20oils" title=" edible oils"> edible oils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=markets" title=" markets"> markets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taraba%20State" title=" Taraba State"> Taraba State</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8924/an-assessment-of-trace-heavy-metal-contamination-of-some-edible-oils-regularly-marketed-in-benue-and-taraba-states-of-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8924.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">889</span> Optimization of the Fabrication Process for Particleboards Made from Oil Palm Fronds Blended with Empty Fruit Bunch Using Response Surface Methodology </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghazi%20Faisal%20Najmuldeen">Ghazi Faisal Najmuldeen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wahida%20Amat-Fadzil"> Wahida Amat-Fadzil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zulkafli%20Hassan"> Zulkafli Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinan%20B.%20Al-Dabbagh"> Jinan B. Al-Dabbagh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study was to evaluate the optimum fabrication process variables to produce particleboards from oil palm fronds (OPF) particles and empty fruit bunch fiber (EFB). Response surface methodology was employed to analyse the effect of hot press temperature (150–190°C); press time (3–7 minutes) and EFB blending ratio (0–40%) on particleboards modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bonding, water absorption and thickness swelling. A Box-Behnken experimental design was carried out to develop statistical models used for the optimisation of the fabrication process variables. All factors were found to be statistically significant on particleboards properties. The statistical analysis indicated that all models showed significant fit with experimental results. The optimum particleboards properties were obtained at optimal fabrication process condition; press temperature; 186°C, press time; 5.7 min and EFB / OPF ratio; 30.4%. Incorporating of oil palm frond and empty fruit bunch to produce particleboards has improved the particleboards properties. The OPF–EFB particleboards fabricated at optimized conditions have satisfied the ANSI A208.1–1999 specification for general purpose particleboards. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empty%20fruit%20bunch%20fiber" title="empty fruit bunch fiber">empty fruit bunch fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20palm%20fronds" title=" oil palm fronds"> oil palm fronds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particleboards" title=" particleboards"> particleboards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface%20methodology" title=" response surface methodology"> response surface methodology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71709/optimization-of-the-fabrication-process-for-particleboards-made-from-oil-palm-fronds-blended-with-empty-fruit-bunch-using-response-surface-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">888</span> Metal Ship and Robotic Car: A Hands-On Activity to Develop Scientific and Engineering Skills for High School Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jutharat%20Sunprasert">Jutharat Sunprasert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ekapong%20Hirunsirisawat"> Ekapong Hirunsirisawat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narongrit%20Waraporn"> Narongrit Waraporn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somporn%20Peansukmanee"> Somporn Peansukmanee </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metal Ship and Robotic Car is one of the hands-on activities in the course, the Fundamental of Engineering that can be divided into three parts. The first part, the metal ships, was made by using engineering drawings, physics and mathematics knowledge. The second part is where the students learned how to construct a robotic car and control it using computer programming. In the last part, the students had to combine the workings of these two objects in the final testing. This aim of study was to investigate the effectiveness of hands-on activity by integrating Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) concepts to develop scientific and engineering skills. The results showed that the majority of students felt this hands-on activity lead to an increased confidence level in the integration of STEM. Moreover, 48% of all students engaged well with the STEM concepts. Students could obtain the knowledge of STEM through hands-on activities with the topics science and mathematics, engineering drawing, engineering workshop and computer programming; most students agree and strongly agree with this learning process. This indicated that the hands-on activity: “Metal Ship and Robotic Car” is a useful tool to integrate each aspect of STEM. Furthermore, hands-on activities positively influence a student’s interest which leads to increased learning achievement and also in developing scientific and engineering skills. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hands-on%20activity" title="hands-on activity">hands-on activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STEM%20education" title=" STEM education"> STEM education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20programming" title=" computer programming"> computer programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20work" title=" metal work"> metal work</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58917/metal-ship-and-robotic-car-a-hands-on-activity-to-develop-scientific-and-engineering-skills-for-high-school-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">887</span> Comparison of Inexpensive Cell Disruption Techniques for an Oleaginous Yeast</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Scott%20Nielsen">Scott Nielsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luca%20Longanesi"> Luca Longanesi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chris%20Chuck"> Chris Chuck</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Palm oil is obtained from the flesh and kernel of the fruit of oil palms and is the most productive and inexpensive oil crop. The global demand for palm oil is approximately 75 million metric tonnes, a 29% increase in global production of palm oil since 2016. This expansion of oil palm cultivation has resulted in mass deforestation, vast biodiversity destruction and increasing net greenhouse gas emissions. One possible alternative is to produce a saturated oil, similar to palm, from microbes such as oleaginous yeast. The yeasts can be cultured on sugars derived from second-generation sources and do not compete with tropical forests for land. One highly promising oleaginous yeast for this application is Metschnikowia pulcherrima. However, recent techno-economic modeling has shown that cell lysis and standard lipid extraction are major contributors to the cost of the oil. Typical cell disruption techniques to extract either single cell oils or proteins have been based around bead-beating, homogenization and acid lysis. However, these can have a detrimental effect on lipid quality and are energy-intensive. In this study, a vortex separator, which produces high sheer with minimal energy input, was investigated as a potential low energy method of lysing cells. This was compared to four more traditional methods (thermal lysis, acid lysis, alkaline lysis, and osmotic lysis). For each method, the yeast loading was also examined at 1 g/L, 10 g/L and 100 g/L. The quality of the cell disruption was measured by optical cell density, cell counting and the particle size distribution profile comparison over a 2-hour period. This study demonstrates that the vortex separator is highly effective at lysing the cells and could potentially be used as a simple apparatus for lipid recovery in an oleaginous yeast process. The further development of this technology could potentially reduce the overall cost of microbial lipids in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20oil%20substitute" title="palm oil substitute">palm oil substitute</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metschnikowia%20pulcherrima" title=" metschnikowia pulcherrima"> metschnikowia pulcherrima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20disruption" title=" cell disruption"> cell disruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20lysis" title=" cell lysis"> cell lysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136695/comparison-of-inexpensive-cell-disruption-techniques-for-an-oleaginous-yeast" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136695.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">205</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">886</span> Flexural Analysis of Palm Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Matrix Composite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.Venkatachalam">G.Venkatachalam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gautham%20Shankar"> Gautham Shankar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dasarath%20Raghav"> Dasarath Raghav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krishna%20Kuar"> Krishna Kuar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santhosh%20Kiran"> Santhosh Kiran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhargav%20Mahesh"> Bhargav Mahesh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Uncertainty in the availability of fossil fuels in the future and global warming increased the need for more environment-friendly materials. In this work, an attempt is made to fabricate a hybrid polymer matrix composite. The blend is a mixture of General Purpose Resin and Cashew Nut Shell Liquid, a natural resin extracted from cashew plant. Palm fiber, which has high strength, is used as a reinforcement material. The fiber is treated with alkali (NaOH) solution to increase its strength and adhesiveness. Parametric study of flexure strength is carried out by varying alkali concentration, duration of alkali treatment and fiber volume. Taguchi L9 Orthogonal array is followed in the design of experiments procedure for simplification. With the help of ANOVA technique, regression equations are obtained which gives the level of influence of each parameter on the flexure strength of the composite. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adhesion" title="Adhesion">Adhesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CNSL" title=" CNSL"> CNSL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flexural%20Analysis" title=" Flexural Analysis"> Flexural Analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hybrid%20Matrix%20Composite" title=" Hybrid Matrix Composite"> Hybrid Matrix Composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Palm%20Fiber" title=" Palm Fiber"> Palm Fiber</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29720/flexural-analysis-of-palm-fiber-reinforced-hybrid-polymer-matrix-composite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">885</span> Adsorption of Basic Dyes Using Activated Carbon Prepared from Date Palm Fibre </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riham%20Hazzaa">Riham Hazzaa </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Hussien%20Abd%20El%20Megid"> Mohamed Hussien Abd El Megid </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dyes are toxic and cause severe problems to aquatic environment. The use of agricultural solid wastes is considered as low-cost and eco-friendly adsorbents for removing dyes from waste water. Date palm fibre, an abundant agricultural by-product in Egypt was used to prepare activated carbon by physical activation method. This study investigates the use of date palm fiber (DPF) and activated carbon (DPFAC) for the removal of a basic dye, methylene blue (MB) from simulated waste water. The effects of temperature, pH of solution, initial dye (concentration, adsorbent dosage and contact time were studied. The experimental equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin, Radushkevich and Harkins–Jura isotherms. Adsorption kinetics data were modeled using the pseudo-first and pseudo-second order and Elvoich equations. The mechanism of the adsorption process was determined from the intraparticle diffusion model. The results revealed that as the initial dye concentration , amount of adsorbent and temperature increased, the percentage of dye removal increased. The optimum pH required for maximum removal was found to be 6. The adsorption of methylene blue dye was better described by the pseudo-second-order equation. Results indicated that DPFAC and DPF could be an alternative for more costly adsorbents used for dye removal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basic%20dye" title=" basic dye"> basic dye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20fiber" title=" palm fiber"> palm fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activated%20carbon" title=" activated carbon "> activated carbon </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29399/adsorption-of-basic-dyes-using-activated-carbon-prepared-from-date-palm-fibre" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">884</span> Predicting Stem Borer Density in Maize Using RapidEye Data and Generalized Linear Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elfatih%20M.%20Abdel-Rahman">Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Landmann"> Tobias Landmann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Kyalo"> Richard Kyalo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Ong%E2%80%99amo"> George Ong’amo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruno%20Le%20Ru"> Bruno Le Ru</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major staple food crop in Africa, particularly in the eastern region of the continent. The maize growing area in Africa spans over 25 million ha and 84% of rural households in Africa cultivate maize mainly as a means to generate food and income. Average maize yields in Sub Saharan Africa are 1.4 t/ha as compared to global average of 2.5–3.9 t/ha due to biotic and abiotic constraints. Amongst the biotic production constraints in Africa, stem borers are the most injurious. In East Africa, yield losses due to stem borers are currently estimated between 12% to 40% of the total production. The objective of the present study was therefore to predict stem borer larvae density in maize fields using RapidEye reflectance data and generalized linear models (GLMs). RapidEye images were captured for a test site in Kenya (Machakos) in January and in February 2015. Stem borer larva numbers were modeled using GLMs assuming Poisson (Po) and negative binomial (NB) distributions with error with log arithmetic link. Root mean square error (RMSE) and ratio prediction to deviation (RPD) statistics were employed to assess the models performance using a leave one-out cross-validation approach. Results showed that NB models outperformed Po ones in all study sites. RMSE and RPD ranged between 0.95 and 2.70, and between 2.39 and 6.81, respectively. Overall, all models performed similar when used the January and the February image data. We conclude that reflectance data from RapidEye data can be used to estimate stem borer larvae density. The developed models could to improve decision making regarding controlling maize stem borers using various integrated pest management (IPM) protocols. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maize" title="maize">maize</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20borers" title=" stem borers"> stem borers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density" title=" density"> density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RapidEye" title=" RapidEye"> RapidEye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GLM" title=" GLM"> GLM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34492/predicting-stem-borer-density-in-maize-using-rapideye-data-and-generalized-linear-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34492.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">883</span> Attracting European Youths to STEM Education and Careers: A Pedagogical Approach to a Hybrid Learning Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Assaad">M. Assaad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20M%C3%A4ki%C3%B6"> J. Mäkiö</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20M%C3%A4kel%C3%A4"> T. Mäkelä</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kankaanranta"> M. Kankaanranta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Fachantidis"> N. Fachantidis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Dagdilelis"> V. Dagdilelis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Reid"> A. Reid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20R.%20del%20Rio"> C. R. del Rio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20V.%20Pavlysh">E. V. Pavlysh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20V.%20Piashkun"> S. V. Piashkun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To bring science and society together in Europe, thus increasing the continent’s international competitiveness, STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) education must be more relatable to European youths in their everyday life. STIMEY (Science, Technology, Innovation, Mathematics, Engineering for the Young) project researches and develops a hybrid educational environment with multi-level components that is being designed and developed based on a well-researched pedagogical framework, aiming to make STEM education more attractive to young people aged 10 to 18 years in this digital era. This environment combines social media components, robotic artefacts, and radio to educate, engage and increase students’ interest in STEM education and careers from a young age. Additionally, it offers educators the necessary modern tools to deliver STEM education in an attractive and engaging manner in or out of class. Moreover, it enables parents to keep track of their children’s education, and collaborate with their teachers on their development. Finally, the open platform allows businesses to invest in the growth of the youths’ talents and skills in line with the economic and labour market needs through entrepreneurial tools. Thus, universities, schools, teachers, students, parents, and businesses come together to complete a circle in which STEM becomes part of the daily life of youths through a hybrid educational environment that also prepares them for future careers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-learning" title="e-learning">e-learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurship" title=" entrepreneurship"> entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedagogy" title=" pedagogy"> pedagogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robotics" title=" robotics"> robotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serious%20gaming" title=" serious gaming"> serious gaming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STEM%20education" title=" STEM education"> STEM education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69014/attracting-european-youths-to-stem-education-and-careers-a-pedagogical-approach-to-a-hybrid-learning-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69014.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">882</span> Hsa-miR-192-5p, and Hsa-miR-129-5p Prominent Biomarkers in Regulation Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells Genes Microenvironment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasha%20Ahmadi">Rasha Ahmadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Glioblastoma is one of the most frequent brain malignancies, having a high mortality rate and limited survival in individuals with this malignancy. Despite different treatments and surgery, recurrence of glioblastoma cancer stem cells may arise as a subsequent tumor. For this reason, it is crucial to research the markers associated with glioblastoma stem cells and specifically their microenvironment. In this study, using bioinformatics analysis, we analyzed and nominated genes in the microenvironment pathways of glioblastoma stem cells. In this study, an appropriate database was selected for analysis by referring to the GEO database. This dataset comprised gene expression patterns in stem cells derived from glioblastoma patients. Gene clusters were divided as high and low expression. Enrichment databases such as Enrichr, STRING, and GEPIA were utilized to analyze the data appropriately. Finally, we extracted the potential genes 2700 high-expression and 1100 low-expression genes are implicated in the metabolic pathways of glioblastoma cancer progression. Cellular senescence, MAPK, TNF, hypoxia, zimosterol biosynthesis, and phosphatidylinositol metabolism pathways were substantially expressed and the metabolic pathways were downregulated. After assessing the association between protein networks, MSMP, SOX2, FGD4 ,and CNTNAP3 genes with high expression and DMKN and SBSN genes with low were selected. All of these genes were observed in the survival curve, with a survival of fewer than 10 percent over around 15 months. hsa-mir-192-5p, hsa-mir-129-5p, hsa-mir-215-5p, hsa-mir-335-5p, and hsa-mir-340-5p played key function in glioblastoma cancer stem cells microenviroments. We introduced critical genes through integrated and regular bioinformatics studies by assessing the amount of gene expression profile data that can play an important role in targeting genes involved in the energy and microenvironment of glioblastoma cancer stem cells. Have. This study indicated that hsa-mir-192-5p, and hsa-mir-129-5p are appropriate candidates for this. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Glioblastoma" title="Glioblastoma">Glioblastoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cancer%20Stem%20Cells" title="Cancer Stem Cells">Cancer Stem Cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biomarker%20Discovery" title="Biomarker Discovery">Biomarker Discovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gene%20Expression%20Profiles" title="Gene Expression Profiles">Gene Expression Profiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bioinformatics%20Analysis" title="Bioinformatics Analysis">Bioinformatics Analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tumor%20Microenvironment" title="Tumor Microenvironment">Tumor Microenvironment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147739/hsa-mir-192-5p-and-hsa-mir-129-5p-prominent-biomarkers-in-regulation-glioblastoma-cancer-stem-cells-genes-microenvironment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147739.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">881</span> Osteogenesis in Thermo-Sensitive Hydrogel Using Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived from Human Turbinate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Reum%20Son">A. Reum Son</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Seon%20Kwon"> Jin Seon Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung%20Hun%20Park"> Seung Hun Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hai%20Bang%20Lee"> Hai Bang Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moon%20Suk%20Kim"> Moon Suk Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> These days, stem cell therapy is focused on for promising source of treatment in clinical human disease. As a supporter of stem cells, in situ-forming hydrogels with growth factors and cells appear to be a promising approach in tissue engineering. To examine osteogenic differentiation of hTMSCs which is one of mesenchymal stem cells in vivo in an injectable hydrogel, we use a methoxy polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone blockcopolymer (MPEG-PCL) solution with osteogenic factors. We synthesized MPEG-PCL hydrogel and measured viscosity to check sol-gel transition. In order to demonstrate osteogenic ability of hTMSCs, we conducted in vitro osteogenesis experiment. Then, to confirm the cell cytotoxicity, we performed WST-1 with hTMSCs and MPEG-PCL. As the result of in vitro experiment, we implanted cell and hydrogel mixture into animal model and checked degree of osteogenesis with histological analysis and amount of expression genes. Through these experimental data, MPEG-PCL hydrogel has sol-gel transition in temperature change and is biocompatible with stem cells. In histological analysis and gene expression, hTMSCs are very good source of osteogenesis with hydrogel and will use it to tissue engineering as important treatment method. hTMSCs could be a good adult stem cell source for usability of isolation and high proliferation. When hTMSCs are used as cell therapy method with in situ-formed hydrogel, they may provide various benefits like a noninvasive alternative for bone tissue engineering applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injectable%20hydrogel" title="injectable hydrogel">injectable hydrogel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20cell" title=" stem cell"> stem cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteogenic%20differentiation" title=" osteogenic differentiation"> osteogenic differentiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue%20engineering" title=" tissue engineering"> tissue engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9285/osteogenesis-in-thermo-sensitive-hydrogel-using-mesenchymal-stem-cell-derived-from-human-turbinate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9285.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">880</span> Effect of Palm Oil Mill Effluent on Microbial Composition in Soil Samples in Isiala Mbano Lga</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eze%20Catherine%20Chinwe">Eze Catherine Chinwe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20D.%20Njoku"> J. D. Njoku </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Palm oil mill effluent is the voluminous liquid waste that comes from the sterilization and clarification sections of the oil palm milling process. The raw effluent contains 90-95% water and includes residual oil, soil particles, and suspended solids. Palm oil mill effluent is a highly polluting material and much research has been dedicated to means of alleviating its threat to the environment. Objectives: 1. To compare Physico-chemical and microbiological analysis of soil samples from POME and non-POME sites. 2. To make recommendations on how best to handle POME in the study area. Methods: Quadrant approach was adopted for sampling POME (A) and Non POME (B) locations. Qualities were determined using standard analytical procedures. Conclusions: Results of the analysis were obtained in the following range; pH (3.940 –7.435), dissolved oxygen (DO) (1.582–6.234mg/l), biological oxygen demand (BOD) (50–5463mg/l etc. For the various locations, the population of total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) ranged from 1.36x106–2.42x106 cfu/ml, the total heterotrophic fungi (THF) ranged from 1.22–3.05 x 104 cfu/ml. The frequency of occurrence revealed the microbial isolates Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus, as the most frequently occurring isolates. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in microbial populations among locations. The discharge of industrial effluents into the soil in Nigeria invariably results in the presence of high concentrations of pollutant in the soil environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effluents" title="effluents">effluents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mirobial%20composition" title=" mirobial composition"> mirobial composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20samples" title=" soil samples"> soil samples</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isiala%20mbano" title=" isiala mbano"> isiala mbano</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24756/effect-of-palm-oil-mill-effluent-on-microbial-composition-in-soil-samples-in-isiala-mbano-lga" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24756.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">879</span> Advancement in Adhesion and Osteogenesis of Stem Cells with Histatin Coated 3D-Printed Bio-Ceramics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haiyan%20Wang">Haiyan Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongyun%20Wang"> Dongyun Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongyong%20Yan"> Yongyong Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20T.%20Jaspers"> Richard T. Jaspers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gang%20Wu"> Gang Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mesenchymal stem cell and 3D printing-based bone tissue engineering present a promising technique to repair large-volume bone defects. Its success is highly dependent on cell attachment, spreading, osteogenic differentiation, and in vivo survival of stem cells on 3D-printed scaffolds. In this study, human salivary histatin-1 (Hst1) was utilized to enhance the interactions between human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) and 3D-printed β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) bioceramic scaffolds. Fluorescent images showed that Hst1 significantly enhanced the adhesion of hASCs to both bioinert glass and 3D-printed β-TCP scaffold. In addition, Hst1 was associated with significantly higher proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hASCs on 3D-printed β-TCP scaffolds. Moreover, coating 3D-printed β-TCP scaffolds with histatin significantly promotes the survival of hASCs in vivo. The ERK and p38 but not JNK signaling was found to be involved in the superior adhesion of hASCs to β-TCP scaffolds with the aid of Hst1. In conclusion, Hst1 could significantly promote the adhesion, spreading, osteogenic differentiation, and in vivo survival of hASCs on 3D-printed β-TCP scaffolds, bearing a promising application in stem cell/3D printing-based constructs for bone tissue engineering. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3d%20printing" title="3d printing">3d printing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adipose-derived%20stem%20cells" title=" adipose-derived stem cells"> adipose-derived stem cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20tissue%20engineering" title=" bone tissue engineering"> bone tissue engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histatin-1" title=" histatin-1"> histatin-1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteogenesis" title=" osteogenesis"> osteogenesis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183798/advancement-in-adhesion-and-osteogenesis-of-stem-cells-with-histatin-coated-3d-printed-bio-ceramics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183798.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">878</span> Investigation of the Physical Computing in Computational Thinking Practices, Computer Programming Concepts and Self-Efficacy for Crosscutting Ideas in STEM Content Environments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarantos%20Psycharis">Sarantos Psycharis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Physical Computing, as an instructional model, is applied in the framework of the Engineering Pedagogy to teach “transversal/cross-cutting ideas” in a STEM content approach. Labview and Arduino were used in order to connect the physical world with real data in the framework of the so called Computational Experiment. Tertiary prospective engineering educators were engaged during their course and Computational Thinking (CT) concepts were registered before and after the intervention across didactic activities using validated questionnaires for the relationship between self-efficacy, computer programming, and CT concepts when STEM content epistemology is implemented in alignment with the Computational Pedagogy model. Results show a significant change in students’ responses for self-efficacy for CT before and after the instruction. Results also indicate a significant relation between the responses in the different CT concepts/practices. According to the findings, STEM content epistemology combined with Physical Computing should be a good candidate as a learning and teaching approach in university settings that enhances students’ engagement in CT concepts/practices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arduino" title="arduino">arduino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20thinking" title=" computational thinking"> computational thinking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20programming" title=" computer programming"> computer programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Labview" title=" Labview"> Labview</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-efficacy" title=" self-efficacy"> self-efficacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STEM" title=" STEM"> STEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115828/investigation-of-the-physical-computing-in-computational-thinking-practices-computer-programming-concepts-and-self-efficacy-for-crosscutting-ideas-in-stem-content-environments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115828.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">877</span> Ultrasound Mechanical Index as a Parameter Affecting of the Ability of Proliferation of Cells </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Hormozi%20Moghaddam">Z. Hormozi Moghaddam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mokhtari-Dizaji"> M. Mokhtari-Dizaji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Movahedin"> M. Movahedin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20E.%20Ravari"> M. E. Ravari </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mechanical index (MI) is used for quantifying acoustic cavitation and the relationship between acoustic pressure and the frequency. In this study, modeling of the MI was applied to provide treatment protocol and to understand the effective physical processes on reproducibility of stem cells. The acoustic pressure and MI equations are modeled and solved to estimate optimal MI for 28, 40, 150 kHz and 1 MHz frequencies. Radial and axial acoustic pressure distribution was extracted. To validate the results of the modeling, the acoustic pressure in the water and near field depth was measured by a piston hydrophone. Results of modeling and experiments show that the model is consistent well to experimental results with 0.91 and 0.90 correlation of coefficient (p<0.05) for 1 MHz and 40 kHz. Low intensity ultrasound with 0.40 MI is more effective on the proliferation rate of the spermatogonial stem cells during the seven days of culture, in contrast, high MI has a harmful effect on the spermatogonial stem cells. This model provides proper treatment planning <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> by estimating the cavitation phenomenon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title="ultrasound">ultrasound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20index" title=" mechanical index"> mechanical index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20cell" title=" stem cell"> stem cell</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63084/ultrasound-mechanical-index-as-a-parameter-affecting-of-the-ability-of-proliferation-of-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63084.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">876</span> Feasibility Study on the Bioattactants from Pandanus Palm Extracts for Trapping Rice Insect Pests</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pisit%20Poolprasert">Pisit Poolprasert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phakin%20Kubchanan"> Phakin Kubchanan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keerati%20Tanruean"> Keerati Tanruean</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wisanu%20Thongchai"> Wisanu Thongchai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuttasak%20Chammui"> Yuttasak Chammui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wirot%20Likittrakulwong"> Wirot Likittrakulwong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rice insect pests are problems to rice production. Use of chemicals to minimize these problems of insect pests in paddy field can lead to the residue and affect the health of farmers. Therefore, botanical extracts applied for controlling rice serious enemies should be promoted especially use of plant extract as attractants to lure insects. This research aimed to feasibility study of bioattractants from pandanus palm extracts for trapping insect pets using two different trap models, including plastic bottle and yellow sticky traps. Two main growth and development stages of rice, namely tillering and booting stages, were selected and trapped. The results from both trap models revealed that four rice insect species, including Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason), Nilaparvata lugens, Recilia dorsalis, and Nephotettix nigropictus from three families (Cecidomyiidae, Cicadellidae and Delphacidae) and two main orders (Diptera and Hemiptera) were exhibited. All rice insect species mentioned could be found from the yellow sticky trap that were higher than in the bottle trap in which only O. oryzae could be only trapped. From this survey, it was indicated that the yellow sticky trap coated with pandanus palm extracts had a promising potential to use as an attractant for the detection of rice paddy insects in the next future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pandanus%20palm" title="pandanus palm">pandanus palm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioattractant" title=" bioattractant"> bioattractant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bottle%20trap" title=" bottle trap"> bottle trap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yellow%20sticky%20trap" title=" yellow sticky trap"> yellow sticky trap</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160235/feasibility-study-on-the-bioattactants-from-pandanus-palm-extracts-for-trapping-rice-insect-pests" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">875</span> In vitro Culture of Stem Node Segments of Maerua crassifolia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abobaker%20Abrahem%20M.%20Saad">Abobaker Abrahem M. Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Abudasalam"> Asma Abudasalam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The stem node segments were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. In the case of using MS+ Zeatin (1 mg/l), small shoot buds were formed directly in 70% of explants after 15 days, their length range between 0.1 to 0.3 cm after two weeks and reached 0.3 cm in length and three shoots in numbers after 4 weeks. When those small shoots were sub cultured on the same medium, they increased in length, number and reached 0.4 cm with 4 shoots, 0.4 cm with 5 shoots after six, eight and ten weeks respectively. In the case of using MS free hormones, MS+IAA (0.2mg/l) +BA (0.5mg/l), MS + kin(0.5mg/l), MS + kin (3mg/l) and MS +NAA (3mg/l) +BA (1mg/l), no sign of responses were noticed and only change in color in some cases. Different types of parenchyma cells and many layers of thick wall sclerenchyma cells were observed on MS+BA (1mg/l). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maerua" title="Maerua">Maerua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20node" title=" stem node"> stem node</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shoots" title=" shoots"> shoots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buds" title=" buds"> buds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=In%20vitro" title=" In vitro"> In vitro</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59982/in-vitro-culture-of-stem-node-segments-of-maerua-crassifolia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59982.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">874</span> Isolation, Characterization and Myogenic Differentiation of Synovial Mesenchymal Stem Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Y.%20Meligy">Fatma Y. Meligy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: The objectives of this study aimed to isolate and characterize mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from synovial membrane. Then to assess the potentiality of myogenic differentiation of these isolated MSCs. Methods: The MSCs were isolated from synovial membrane by digestion method. Three adult rats were used. The 5 -azacytidine was added to the cultured cells for one day. The isolated cells and treated cells are assessed using immunoflouresence, flowcytometry, PCR and real time PCR. Results: The isolated stem cells showed morphological aspect of stem cells they showed strong positivity to CD44 and CD90 in immunoflouresence while in CD34 and CD45 showed negative reaction. The treated cells with 5-azacytidine was shown to have positive reaction for desmin. Flowcytometric analysis showed that synovial MSCs had strong positive percentage for CD44(%98)and CD90 (%97) and low percentage for CD34 & CD45 while the treated cells showed positive percentage for myogenic marker myogenin (85%). As regard the PCR and Real time PCR, the treated cells showed positive reaction to the desmin primer. Conclusion: The adult MSCs were isolated successfully from synovial membrane and characterized with stem cell markers. The isolated cells could be differentiated in vitro into myogenic cells. These differentiated cells could be used in auto-replacement of diseased or traumatized muscle cells as a regenerative therapy for muscle disorders and trauma. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesenchymal%20stem%20cells" title="mesenchymal stem cells">mesenchymal stem cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synovial%20membrane" title=" synovial membrane"> synovial membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=myogenic%20differentiation" title=" myogenic differentiation "> myogenic differentiation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29107/isolation-characterization-and-myogenic-differentiation-of-synovial-mesenchymal-stem-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29107.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">873</span> The Optimization of Immobilization Conditions for Biohydrogen Production from Palm Industry Wastewater</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20W.%20Zularisam">A. W. Zularisam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sveta%20Thakur"> Sveta Thakur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lakhveer%20Singh"> Lakhveer Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mimi%20Sakinah%20Abdul%20Munaim"> Mimi Sakinah Abdul Munaim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Clostridium sp. LS2 was immobilised by entrapment in polyethylene glycol (PEG) gel beads to improve the biohydrogen production rate from palm oil mill effluent (POME). We sought to explore and optimise the hydrogen production capability of the immobilised cells by studying the conditions for cell immobilisation, including PEG concentration, cell loading and curing times, as well as the effects of temperature and K2HPO4 (500–2000 mg/L), NiCl2 (0.1–5.0 mg/L), FeCl2 (100–400 mg/L) MgSO4 (50–200 mg/L) concentrations on hydrogen production rate. The results showed that by optimising the PEG concentration (10% w/v), initial biomass (2.2 g dry weight), curing time (80 min) and temperature (37 °C), as well as the concentrations of K2HPO4 (2000 mg/L), NiCl2 (1 mg/L), FeCl2 (300 mg/L) and MgSO4 (100 mg/L), a maximum hydrogen production rate of 7.3 L/L-POME/day and a yield of 0.31 L H2/g chemical oxygen demand were obtained during continuous operation. We believe that this process may be potentially expanded for sustained and large-scale hydrogen production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen" title="hydrogen">hydrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylene%20glycol" title=" polyethylene glycol"> polyethylene glycol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilised%20cell" title=" immobilised cell"> immobilised cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermentation" title=" fermentation"> fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20oil%20mill%20effluent" title=" palm oil mill effluent"> palm oil mill effluent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45960/the-optimization-of-immobilization-conditions-for-biohydrogen-production-from-palm-industry-wastewater" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">872</span> Designing the Lesson Instructional Plans for Exploring the STEM Education and Creative Learning Processes to Students' Logical Thinking Abilities with Different Learning Outcomes in Chemistry Classes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pajaree%20Naramitpanich">Pajaree Naramitpanich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natchanok%20Jansawang"> Natchanok Jansawang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Panwilai%20Chomchid"> Panwilai Chomchid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aims of this are compared between the students’ logical thinking abilities of their learning for designing the 5-lesson instructional plans of the 2-instructional methods, namely; the STEM Education and the Creative Learning Process (CLP) for developing students’ logical thinking abilities that a sample consisted of 90 students from two chemistry classes of different learning outcomes in Wapi Phathum School with the cluster random sampling technique was used at the 11th grade level. To administer of their learning environments with the 45-experimenl student group by the STEM Education method and the 45-controlling student group by the Creative Learning Process. These learning different groups were obtained using the 5 instruments; the 5-lesson instructional plans of the STEM Education and the Creative Learning Process to enhance the logical thinking tests on Mineral issue were used. The efficiency of the Creative Learning Processes (CLP) Model and the STEM Education’s innovations of these each five instructional lesson plans based on criteria are higher than of 80/80 standard level with the IOC index from the expert educators. The averages mean scores of students’ learning achievement motives were assessed with the Pre and Post Techniques and Logical Thinking Ability Test (LTAT) and dependent t-test analysis were differentiated between the CLP and the STEM, significantly. Students’ perceptions of their chemistry classroom environment inventories with the MCI with the CLP and the STEM methods also were found, differently. Associations between students’ perceptions of their chemistry classroom learning environment inventories on the CLP Model and the STEM Education learning designs toward their logical thinking abilities toward chemistry, the predictive efficiency of R2 values indicate that 68% and 76% of the variances in students’ logical thinking abilities toward chemistry to their controlling and experimental chemistry classroom learning environmental groups with the MCI were correlated at .05 levels, significantly. Implementations of this result are showed the students’ learning by the CLP of the potential thinking life-changing roles in most their logical thinking abilities that it is revealed that the students perceive their abilities to be highly learning achievement in chemistry group are differentiated with the STEM education of students’ outcomes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design" title="design">design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20lesson%20instructional%20plans" title=" the lesson instructional plans"> the lesson instructional plans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20stem%20education" title=" the stem education"> the stem education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20creative%20learning%20process" title=" the creative learning process"> the creative learning process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logical%20thinking%20ability" title=" logical thinking ability"> logical thinking ability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=different" title=" different"> different</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20outcome" title=" learning outcome"> learning outcome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student" title=" student"> student</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemistry%20class" title=" chemistry class"> chemistry class</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51459/designing-the-lesson-instructional-plans-for-exploring-the-stem-education-and-creative-learning-processes-to-students-logical-thinking-abilities-with-different-learning-outcomes-in-chemistry-classes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51459.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">871</span> The Use of Palm Kernel Shell and Ash for Concrete Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20E.%20Oti">J. E. Oti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20M.%20Kinuthia"> J. M. Kinuthia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Robinson"> R. Robinson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Davies"> P. Davies</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work reports the potential of using Palm Kernel (PK) ash and shell as a partial substitute for Portland Cement (PC) and coarse aggregate in the development of mortar and concrete. PK ash and shell are agro-waste materials from palm oil mills, the disposal of PK ash and shell is an environmental problem of concern. The PK ash has pozzolanic properties that enables it as a partial replacement for cement and also plays an important role in the strength and durability of concrete, its use in concrete will alleviate the increasing challenges of scarcity and high cost of cement. In order to investigate the PC replacement potential of PK ash, three types of PK ash were produced at varying temperature (350-750 degrees) and they were used to replace up to 50% PC. The PK shell was used to replace up to 100% coarse aggregate in order to study its aggregate replacement potential. The testing programme included material characterisation, the determination of compressive strength, tensile splitting strength and chemical durability in aggressive sulfate-bearing exposure conditions. The 90 day compressive results showed a significant strength gain (up to 26.2 N/mm2). The Portland cement and conventional coarse aggregate has significantly higher influence in the strength gain compared to the equivalent PK ash and PK shell. The chemical durability results demonstrated that after a prolonged period of exposure, significant strength losses in all the concretes were observed. This phenomenon is explained, due to lower change in concrete morphology and inhibition of reaction species and the final disruption of the aggregate cement paste matrix. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title="sustainability">sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mortar" title=" mortar"> mortar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20kernel%20shell" title=" palm kernel shell"> palm kernel shell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consistency" title=" consistency"> consistency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26301/the-use-of-palm-kernel-shell-and-ash-for-concrete-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26301.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">870</span> In vitro Establishment and Characterization of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Derived Cancer Stem-Like Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Varsha%20Salian">Varsha Salian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shama%20Rao"> Shama Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Narendra"> N. Narendra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Mohana%20Kumar"> B. Mohana Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Evolving evidence proposes the existence of a highly tumorigenic subpopulation of undifferentiated, self-renewing cancer stem cells, responsible for exhibiting resistance to conventional anti-cancer therapy, recurrence, metastasis and heterogeneous tumor formation. Importantly, the mechanisms exploited by cancer stem cells to resist chemotherapy are very less understood. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most regularly diagnosed cancer types in India and is associated commonly with alcohol and tobacco use. Therefore, the isolation and in vitro characterization of cancer stem-like cells from patients with OSCC is a critical step to advance the understanding of the chemoresistance processes and for designing therapeutic strategies. With this, the present study aimed to establish and characterize cancer stem-like cells in vitro from OSCC. The primary cultures of cancer stem-like cell lines were established from the tissue biopsies of patients with clinical evidence of an ulceroproliferative lesion and histopathological confirmation of OSCC. The viability of cells assessed by trypan blue exclusion assay showed more than 95% at passage 1 (P1), P2 and P3. Replication rate was performed by plating cells in 12-well plate and counting them at various time points of culture. Cells had a more marked proliferative activity and the average doubling time was less than 20 hrs. After being cultured for 10 to 14 days, cancer stem-like cells gradually aggregated and formed sphere-like bodies. More spheroid bodies were observed when cultured in DMEM/F-12 under low serum conditions. Interestingly, cells with higher proliferative activity had a tendency to form more sphere-like bodies. Expression of specific markers, including membrane proteins or cell enzymes, such as CD24, CD29, CD44, CD133, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) is being explored for further characterization of cancer stem-like cells. To summarize the findings, the establishment of OSCC derived cancer stem-like cells may provide scope for better understanding the cause for recurrence and metastasis in oral epithelial malignancies. Particularly, identification and characterization studies on cancer stem-like cells in Indian population seem to be lacking thus provoking the need for such studies in a population where alcohol consumption and tobacco chewing are major risk habits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20stem-like%20cells" title="cancer stem-like cells">cancer stem-like cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title=" characterization"> characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vitro" title=" in vitro"> in vitro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20squamous%20cell%20carcinoma" title=" oral squamous cell carcinoma"> oral squamous cell carcinoma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85339/in-vitro-establishment-and-characterization-of-oral-squamous-cell-carcinoma-derived-cancer-stem-like-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85339.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">869</span> The Use of Palm Kernel Cake in Ration and Its Influence on VFA, NH3 and pH Rumen Fluid of Goat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arief">Arief</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noovirman%20Jamarun"> Noovirman Jamarun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benni%20Satria"> Benni Satria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The main problem in the development of livestock in Indonesia is feed both in terms of quality and quantity. On the other hand, conventional feed ingredients are expensive and difficult to obtain. Therefore, it is necessary to find alternative feed ingredients that have good quality, potential, and low cost. Feed ingredients that meet the above requirements are by-products of the palm oil industry, namely palm kernel cake (PKC). This study aims to obtain the best PKC composition for Etawa goat concentrate ration. Material and Methode : This research consists of 2 stages. Stage I is invitro study using Tilley and Terry method. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments of rations and 4 replications. The treatment is the composition of the use of palm kernel cake (PKC) in the ration, namely, A). 10%, B). 20%, C). 30%, D). 40%. Other feed ingredients are corn, rice bran, tofu waste and minerals. The measured variables are the characteristics of the rumen fluid (pH, VFA and NH3). Stage II was done using the best ration of stage I (Ration C), followed by testing the use of Tithonia (Thitonia difersifolia) and agricultural waste of sweet potato leaves as a source of forage for livestock by in-vitro. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were: Treatment A) Best Concentrate Ration Stage I + Titonia (Thitonia difersifolia), Treatment B) Best Concentrate Ration Stage I + Tithonia (Thitonia difersifolia) and Sweet potato Leaves, Treatment C) Best Concentrate Ration Stage I + Sweet potato leaves. The data obtained were analyzed using variance analysis while the differences between treatments were tested using the Duncant Multiple Range Test (DMRT) according to Steel and Torrie. Results of Stage II showed that the use of PKC in rations as concentrate feed combined with forage originating from Tithonia (Thitonia difersifolia) and sweet potato leaves produced pH, VFA and NH3-N which were still in normal conditions. The best treatment was obtained from diet B (P <0.05) with 6.9 pH, 116.29 mM VFA and 15mM NH3-N. Conclussion From the results of the study it can be concluded that PKC can be used as feed ingredients for dairy goat concentrate with a combination of forage from Tithonia (Tithonia difersifolia) and sweet potato leaves. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20oil%20by-product" title="palm oil by-product">palm oil by-product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20kernel%20cake" title=" palm kernel cake"> palm kernel cake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentrate" title=" concentrate"> concentrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rumen%20fluid" title=" rumen fluid"> rumen fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Etawa%20goat" title=" Etawa goat"> Etawa goat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104219/the-use-of-palm-kernel-cake-in-ration-and-its-influence-on-vfa-nh3-and-ph-rumen-fluid-of-goat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104219.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">868</span> Comparison of Psychological Well-Being, Hope, and Health Concern in Leukemia Patients before and After Receiving Stem Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahereh%20Yavari">Tahereh Yavari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Norozi%20Far"> Sara Norozi Far</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to compare psychological well-being, hope, and health concerns in leukemia patients before and after receiving stem cells. The statistical population of the present study was made up of leukemia patients in Tehran, and the research sample was among the patients referred to the Bone Marrow Transplant Center of Shariati Hospital in Tehran, and they were placed in two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group), which were selected by purposive sampling method. In order to collect the data for the research, three psychological well-being questionnaires were used by Riff (2002), Schneider's Hope Scale (SHS), and Schneider's Health Concern Questionnaire (HCQ). In order to analyze the data in this research, according to the "pre-test-post-test design with a control group," covariance analysis was used. Based on the research findings, it was concluded that receiving stem cells increases hope and psychological well-being in leukemia patients and significantly reduces health concerns. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20well-being" title="psychological well-being">psychological well-being</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hope" title=" hope"> hope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20concerns" title=" health concerns"> health concerns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20cancer" title=" blood cancer"> blood cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20cells" title=" stem cells"> stem cells</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153809/comparison-of-psychological-well-being-hope-and-health-concern-in-leukemia-patients-before-and-after-receiving-stem-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153809.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">867</span> A Prospective Study on the Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Intervertebral Disc Regeneration </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prabhu%20Thangaraju">Prabhu Thangaraju</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manoj%20Deepak"> Manoj Deepak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sivakumar"> A. Sivakumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Removal of inter vertebral disc along with spinal fusion has many disadvantages such as causing stress fractures. If it is possible regenerate the spine it would be possible avoid the complications of the surgery and achieve better results. Our study involves the use of mesenchymal stem cells in regenerating the discs. Our study involved 10 patients who presented with degenerative disc disease between 2008-2011 in our hospital. After adequate pre-operative check prepared mesenchymal stem cells were injected into the disc spaces. These patients were subjected to conservative therapy for a minimum of six weeks before they were accepted into the study. They were followed up regularly for a minimum of 2years with serial radiographs and MRI. 8 out of the 10 patients had completed reduction in the pain. The T2 weighted MRI images in 9 out of the 10 patients showed a bright signal compared the previous Images which indicated that there was improvement in the hydration levels. From the case study of 10 patients who were subjected to mesenchymal cell therapy in our hospital, we can conclude that the use of mesenchymal cells in treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration in a safe and effective option. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesenchymal%20stem%20cells" title="mesenchymal stem cells">mesenchymal stem cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intervertebral%20disc" title=" intervertebral disc"> intervertebral disc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20spine" title=" the spine"> the spine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disc%20degeneration" title=" disc degeneration "> disc degeneration </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16025/a-prospective-study-on-the-efficacy-of-mesenchymal-stem-cells-in-intervertebral-disc-regeneration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16025.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">866</span> Sniff-Camera for Imaging of Ethanol Vapor in Human Body Gases after Drinking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshiyuki%20Sato">Toshiyuki Sato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenta%20Iitani"> Kenta Iitani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koji%20Toma"> Koji Toma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takahiro%20Arakawa"> Takahiro Arakawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kohji%20Mitsubayashi"> Kohji Mitsubayashi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A 2-dimensional imaging system (Sniff-camera) for gaseous ethanol emissions from a human palm skin was constructed and demonstrated. This imaging system measures gaseous ethanol concentrations as intensities of chemiluminescence (CL) by luminol reaction induced by alcohol oxidase and luminol-hydrogen peroxide system. A conversion of ethanol distributions and concentrations to 2-dimensional CL was conducted on an enzyme-immobilized mesh substrate in a dark box, which contained a luminol solution. In order to visualize ethanol emissions from human palm skin, we developed highly sensitive and selective imaging system for transpired gaseous ethanol at sub ppm-levels. High sensitivity imaging allows us to successfully visualize the emissions dynamics of transdermal gaseous ethanol. The intensity of each pixel on the palm shows the reflection of ethanol concentrations distributions based on the metabolism of oral alcohol administration. This imaging system is significant and useful for the assessment of ethanol measurement of the palmar skin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sniff-camera" title="sniff-camera">sniff-camera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas-imaging" title=" gas-imaging"> gas-imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethanol%20vapor" title=" ethanol vapor"> ethanol vapor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20body%20gas" title=" human body gas"> human body gas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31989/sniff-camera-for-imaging-of-ethanol-vapor-in-human-body-gases-after-drinking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31989.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">865</span> Comparative Stem Cells Therapy for Regeneration of Liver Fibrosis </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20M.%20Imam">H. M. Imam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20M.%20Rezk"> H. M. Rezk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20F.%20Tohamy"> A. F. Tohamy </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) is considered as a unique source for stem cells. HUCB contain different types of progenitor cells which could differentiate into hepatocytes. Aims: To investigate the potential of rat's liver damage repair using human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs). We investigated the feasibility for hUCMSCs in recovery from liver damage. Moreover, investigating fibrotic liver repair and using the CCl4-induced model for liver damage in the rat. Methods: Rats were injected with 0.5 ml/kg CCl4 to induce liver damage and progressive liver fibrosis. hUCMSCs were injected into the rats through the tail vein; Stem cells were transplanted at a dose of 1×106 cells/rat after 72 hours of CCl4 injection without receiving any immunosuppressant. After (6 and 8 weeks) of transplantation, blood samples were collected to assess liver functions (ALT, AST, GGT and ALB) and level of Procollagen III as a liver fibrosis marker. In addition, hepatic tissue regeneration was assessed histopathologically and immunohistochemically using antihuman monoclonal antibodies against CD34, CK19 and albumin. Results: Biochemical and histopathological analysis showed significantly increased recovery from liver damage in the transplanted group. In addition, HUCB stem cells transdifferentiated into functional hepatocytes in rats with hepatic injury which results in improving liver structure and function. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that transplantation of hUCMSCs may be a novel therapeutic approach for treating liver fibrosis. Therefore, hUCMSCs are a potential option for treatment of liver cirrhosis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20tetra%20chloride" title="carbon tetra chloride">carbon tetra chloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liver%20fibrosis" title=" liver fibrosis"> liver fibrosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesenchymal%20stem%20cells" title=" mesenchymal stem cells"> mesenchymal stem cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rat" title=" rat"> rat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27746/comparative-stem-cells-therapy-for-regeneration-of-liver-fibrosis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27746.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">864</span> Effects of Palm Kernel Expeller Processing on the Ileal Populations of Lactobacilli and Escherichia Coli in Broiler Chickens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Navidshad">B. Navidshad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this study was to examine the effects of enzymatic treatment and shell content of palm kernel expeller (PKE) on the ileal Lactobacilli and Escherichia coli populations in broiler chickens. At the finisher phase, one hundred male broiler chickens (Cobb-500) were fed a control diet or the diets containing 200 g/kg of normal PKE (70 g/kg shell), low shell PKE (30 g/kg shell), enzymatic treated PKE or low shell-enzymatic treated PKE. The quantitative real-time PCR were used to determine the ileal bacteria populations. The lowest ileal Lactobacilli population was found in the chickens fed the low shell PKE diet. Dietary normal PKE or low shell-enzymatic treated PKE decreased the Escherichia coli population compared to the control diet. The results suggested that PKE could be included up to 200 g/kg in the finisher diet, however, any screening practice to reduce the shell content of PKE without enzymatic degradation of β-mannan, decrease ileal Lactobacilli population. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palm%20kernel%20expeller" title="palm kernel expeller">palm kernel expeller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exogenous%20enzyme" title=" exogenous enzyme"> exogenous enzyme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shell%20content" title=" shell content"> shell content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ileum%20bacteria" title=" ileum bacteria"> ileum bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broiler%20chickens" title=" broiler chickens"> broiler chickens</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33444/effects-of-palm-kernel-expeller-processing-on-the-ileal-populations-of-lactobacilli-and-escherichia-coli-in-broiler-chickens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33444.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">863</span> Stem Cell Fate Decision Depending on TiO2 Nanotubular Geometry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung%20Park">Jung Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anca%20Mazare"> Anca Mazare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Klaus%20Von%20Der%20Mark"> Klaus Von Der Mark</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrik%20Schmuki"> Patrik Schmuki </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In clinical application of TiO2 implants on tooth and hip replacement, migration, adhesion and differentiation of neighboring mesenchymal stem cells onto implant surfaces are critical steps for successful bone regeneration. In a recent decade, accumulated attention has been paid on nanoscale electrochemical surface modifications on TiO2 layer for improving bone-TiO2 surface integration. We generated, on titanium surfaces, self-assembled layers of vertically oriented TiO2 nanotubes with defined diameters between 15 and 100 nm and here we show that mesenchymal stem cells finely sense TiO2 nanotubular geometry and quickly decide their cell fate either to differentiation into osteoblasts or to programmed cell death (apoptosis) on TiO2 nanotube layers. These cell fate decisions are critically dependent on nanotube size differences (15-100nm in diameters) of TiO2 nanotubes sensing by integrin clustering. We further demonstrate that nanoscale topography-sensing is feasible not only in mesenchymal stem cells but rather seems as generalized nanoscale microenvironment-cell interaction mechanism in several cell types composing bone tissue network including osteoblasts, osteoclast, endothelial cells and hematopoietic stem cells. Additionally we discuss the synergistic effect of simultaneous stimulation by nanotube-bound growth factor and nanoscale topographic cues on enhanced bone regeneration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TiO2%20nanotube" title="TiO2 nanotube">TiO2 nanotube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20cell%20fate%20decision" title=" stem cell fate decision"> stem cell fate decision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-scale%20microenvironment" title=" nano-scale microenvironment"> nano-scale microenvironment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20regeneration" title=" bone regeneration"> bone regeneration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12191/stem-cell-fate-decision-depending-on-tio2-nanotubular-geometry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12191.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20of%20palm&page=6" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20of%20palm&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20of%20palm&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20of%20palm&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20of%20palm&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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