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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rocket_engines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Automatic_nuclear-control_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Automatic_nuclear-control_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Automatic nuclear-control system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Automatic_nuclear-control_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vehicles_manufacturing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vehicles_manufacturing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vehicles manufacturing</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vehicles_manufacturing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Vehicles manufacturing subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vehicles_manufacturing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trolleybuses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trolleybuses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Trolleybuses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trolleybuses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tractors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tractors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Tractors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tractors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">PA Pivdenmash</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Южмаш – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Южмаш" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D1%8B_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Паўднёвы машынабудаўнічы завод – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Паўднёвы машынабудаўнічы завод" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pivdenma%C5%A1" title="Pivdenmaš – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pivdenmaš" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pivdenmash" title="Pivdenmash – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pivdenmash" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juschmasch" title="Juschmasch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Juschmasch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pivdenmash" title="Pivdenmash – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pivdenmash" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B4" title="یوزماش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یوزماش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pivdenmach" title="Pivdenmach – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pivdenmach" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A6%88%EB%A7%88%EC%89%AC" title="유즈마쉬 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유즈마쉬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pivdenmash" title="Pivdenmash – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pivdenmash" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%96%27%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA" title="מפעל יוז'ני לבניית מכונות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מפעל יוז'ני לבניית מכונות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pivdenma%C5%A1" title="Pivdenmaš – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pivdenmaš" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9li_G%C3%A9pgy%C3%A1r" title="Déli Gépgyár – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Déli Gépgyár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%90_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88" title="ПА Пивденмаш – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="ПА Пивденмаш" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A6%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A5%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5" title="ユージュマシュ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ユージュマシュ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/PA_Pivdenmash" title="PA Pivdenmash – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="PA Pivdenmash" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piwdenmasz" title="Piwdenmasz – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Piwdenmasz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuzhmash" title="Yuzhmash – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Yuzhmash" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Южмаш – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Южмаш" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pivdenma%C5%A1" title="Pivdenmaš – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pivdenmaš" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pivdenma%C5%A1" title="Pivdenmaš – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pivdenmaš" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Південний машинобудівний завод – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Південний машинобудівний завод" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pivdenmash" title="Pivdenmash – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pivdenmash" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0%E5%88%B6%E9%80%A0%E5%8E%82" title="南方机械制造厂 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="南方机械制造厂" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q851367#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ukrainian rocket manufacturer</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">State Factory "Production Union Southern Machine-Building Plant named after <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_M._Makarov" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandr M. Makarov">O.M. Makarov</a>"</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pivdenmash_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pivdenmash_logo.png/220px-Pivdenmash_logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pivdenmash_logo.png/330px-Pivdenmash_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pivdenmash_logo.png/440px-Pivdenmash_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="2536" data-file-height="316" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zenit-2_rocket_ready_for_launch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Zenit-2_rocket_ready_for_launch.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="437" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="269" data-file-height="392" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Zenit-2 launch vehicle ready for launch at <a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native name</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru"><span title="Ukrainian-language text"><span lang="uk">Південмаш</span></span>, formerly <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Южмаш</span></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">Romanized</a> name</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Pivdenmash, formerly Yuzhmash</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprise" title="State-owned enterprise">State-owned enterprise</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Defense_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense industry">Defense industry</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Space_industry" title="Space industry">Space industry</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerospace industry">Aerospace industry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">21 July 1944<span class="noprint">; 80 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1944-07-21</span>)</span> in <a href="/wiki/Dnipro" title="Dnipro">Dnipropetrovsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">USSR</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label">1, Kryvorizka street, <div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Dnipro" title="Dnipro">Dnipro</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">Launch vehicles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile" title="Ballistic missile">ballistic missiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rocket_engine" title="Rocket engine">rocket engines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">spacecraft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landing_gear" title="Landing gear">landing gears</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tractor" title="Tractor">tractors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybuses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castings" class="mw-redirect" title="Castings">castings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forging" title="Forging">forgings</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">7,000 (2017)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/State_Space_Agency_of_Ukraine" title="State Space Agency of Ukraine">State Space Agency of Ukraine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yuzhmash.com/en/">yuzhmash.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>State Factory "Production Union Southern Machine-Building Plant named after <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_M._Makarov" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandr M. Makarov">O.M. Makarov</a>"</b>, officially abbreviated as <b>Pivdenmash</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: <span lang="uk">Південмаш</span>) and previously as <b>Yuzhmash</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Южмаш</span>) (meaning "Southern Mechanical Engineering"), is a <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukrainian</a> state-owned aerospace manufacturer. Prior to 1991, it was a <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> state-owned factory. </p><p>Pivdenmash produces <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">spacecraft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicles</a> (rockets), <a href="/wiki/Liquid-propellant_rocket" title="Liquid-propellant rocket">liquid-propellant rockets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landing_gear" title="Landing gear">landing gears</a>, <a href="/wiki/Casting_(metalworking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Casting (metalworking)">castings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forging" title="Forging">forgings</a>, tractors, tools, and industrial products. The company is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Dnipro" title="Dnipro">Dnipro</a>, and reports to the <a href="/wiki/State_Space_Agency_of_Ukraine" title="State Space Agency of Ukraine">State Space Agency of Ukraine</a>. It works with international aerospace partners in 23 countries. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PA_Pivdenmash&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dnepr_rocket_lift-off_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Dnepr_rocket_lift-off_1.jpg/170px-Dnepr_rocket_lift-off_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Dnepr_rocket_lift-off_1.jpg/255px-Dnepr_rocket_lift-off_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Dnepr_rocket_lift-off_1.jpg/340px-Dnepr_rocket_lift-off_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="785" /></a><figcaption>A modern Dnepr rocket, based on the R-36 ICBM</figcaption></figure> <p>Pivdenmash operated initially as "plant 586" in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. In 1954, Soviet aviation engineer <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Yangel" title="Mikhail Yangel">Mikhail Yangel</a> established the autonomous design bureau designated <a href="/wiki/OKB-586" class="mw-redirect" title="OKB-586">OKB-586</a>, from the former chief designer's division of plant 586. Yangel had previously headed <a href="/wiki/Energia_(corporation)" title="Energia (corporation)">OKB-1</a> (today <i>RKK Energiya</i>) and was primarily a supporter of storable propellant technology – unlike <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Korolev" title="Sergei Korolev">Sergei Korolev</a> at OKB-1, who was a supporter of missiles using cryogenic propellants. To pursue development of <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile" title="Ballistic missile">ballistic missiles</a> using storable liquid propellants, Mikhail Yangel had received authorization to convert the chief designer's division of the plant into an autonomous design bureau. Following this, OKB-586 was designated Southern Design Bureau (better known as <a href="/wiki/KB_Pivdenne" title="KB Pivdenne">KB Pivdenne</a>) and plant 586 was renamed Southern Machine-Building Plant in 1966, with a focus on the design and production of ballistic missiles. The plant was later renamed Southern Machine-Building Production Union, or Yuzhmash (Ukraine). </p><p>Missiles produced at Pivdenmash included the first nuclear armed Soviet rocket <a href="/wiki/R-5_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="R-5 missile">R-5M</a> (SS-3 'Shyster'), the <a href="/wiki/R-12_Dvina" title="R-12 Dvina">R-12 Dvina</a> (SS-4 'Sandal'), the <a href="/wiki/R-14_Chusovaya" title="R-14 Chusovaya">R-14 Chusovaya</a> (SS-5 'Skean'), the first widely deployed Soviet ICBM <a href="/wiki/R-16_(missile)" title="R-16 (missile)">R-16</a> (SS-7 'Saddler'), the <a href="/wiki/R-36_(missile)" title="R-36 (missile)">R-36</a> (SS-9 'Scarp'), the <a href="/wiki/MR-UR-100_Sotka" title="MR-UR-100 Sotka">MR-UR-100 Sotka</a> (SS-17 'Spanker'), and the R-36M (SS-18 'Satan'). During the Soviet era, the plant was capable of producing of up to 120 ICBMs a year. In the late 1980s, Pivdenmash was selected to be the main production facility of the <a href="/wiki/RT-2PM2_Topol-M" title="RT-2PM2 Topol-M">RT-2PM2 Topol-M</a> ICBM (SS-27 "Sickle B"). </p><p>After the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">perestroika</a>, demand for military production declined significantly, and the Pivdenmash product line was expanded to include non-military uses such as civilian <a href="/wiki/Machinery" class="mw-redirect" title="Machinery">machinery</a>. One line of products added after 1992 are <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybuses</a>. Models include the articulated YuMZ T1 (1992–2008), its non-articulated brother YuMZ T2 (1993–2008) and more modern YuMZ E-186 (2005–2006) which features a low floor cabin. <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kuchma" title="Leonid Kuchma">Leonid Kuchma</a>, long-time chief manager (1986–1992) of the company, became the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" title="Prime Minister of Ukraine">Prime Minister</a> in 1992, and later <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">President of Ukraine</a> in 1994. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_Antares_rocket_on_Launch_Pad_0A_of_the_Wallops_Flight_Facility.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Pivdenmash' "Antares II" rocket designed for NASA to deliver commercial cargo to the International Space Station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/First_Antares_rocket_on_Launch_Pad_0A_of_the_Wallops_Flight_Facility.jpg/220px-First_Antares_rocket_on_Launch_Pad_0A_of_the_Wallops_Flight_Facility.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/First_Antares_rocket_on_Launch_Pad_0A_of_the_Wallops_Flight_Facility.jpg/330px-First_Antares_rocket_on_Launch_Pad_0A_of_the_Wallops_Flight_Facility.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/First_Antares_rocket_on_Launch_Pad_0A_of_the_Wallops_Flight_Facility.jpg/440px-First_Antares_rocket_on_Launch_Pad_0A_of_the_Wallops_Flight_Facility.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4438" data-file-height="2655" /></a><figcaption>Pivdenmash' "<a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">Antares II</a>" <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicle</a> designed for NASA to deliver commercial cargo to the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In addition to production facilities in Dnipro, Pivdenne Production Association includes the Pavlohrad Mechanical Plant, which specializes in producing solid-fuel missiles. Pivdenmash's importance was further bolstered by its links to Ukraine's former President Leonid Kuchma, who worked at Pivdenmash between 1975 and 1992. He was the plant's general manager from 1986 to 1991.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In February 2015, following a year of strained relations, Russia announced that it would sever its "joint program with Ukraine to launch <a href="/wiki/Dnepr_(rocket)" title="Dnepr (rocket)">Dnepr rockets</a> and [was] no longer interested in buying Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/Zenit_(rocket_family)" title="Zenit (rocket family)">Zenit boosters</a>, deepening problems for [Ukraine's] space program and its struggling Pivdenmash factory".<sup id="cite_ref-pa20150206_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pa20150206-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the loss of Russian business some thought that the only hope for the company was increased international business which seemed unlikely in the time frame available.<sup id="cite_ref-PA021015_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PA021015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bankruptcy seemed certain as of February 2015, but was averted.<sup id="cite_ref-PA021015_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PA021015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 14 August 2017, the Institute of International Strategic Studies issued a report presenting evidence that "North Korea has acquired a high-performance liquid-propellant engine from illicit networks in Russia and Ukraine", likely produced by Pivdenmash facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both the company <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Ukrainian government<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> denied the allegation. </p><p>In October 2016, An Antares 230 launch vehicle using a Pivdenmash core launched the <a href="/wiki/Cygnus_OA-5" title="Cygnus OA-5">Cygnus OA-5</a> mission from <a href="/wiki/Wallops_Island" title="Wallops Island">Wallops Island</a> to deliver supplies to the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">ISS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was Antares' return-to-flight following the failed <a href="/wiki/Cygnus_Orb-3" title="Cygnus Orb-3">Cygnus Orb-3</a> mission nearly two years earlier, resulting from a faulty <a href="/wiki/AJ-26" class="mw-redirect" title="AJ-26">AJ-26</a> engine. The vehicle was modified to utilize the <a href="/wiki/NPO_Energomash" title="NPO Energomash">NPO Energomash</a> <a href="/wiki/RD-191#RD-181" title="RD-191">RD-181</a> engine, which has since performed flawlessly. </p><p>In December 2017, after a two-year hiatus, the final Zenit launch vehicle was launched by <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> from <a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur Cosmodrome</a> to deliver <a href="/wiki/AngoSat_1" title="AngoSat 1">AngoSat 1</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Angosatlaunchzak_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Angosatlaunchzak-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February–March 2018, Pivdenmash announced plans to develop a testing platform for <a href="/wiki/Hyperloop" title="Hyperloop">Hyperloop</a> technology developed by <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a> and was scheduled for completion in 2019 in <a href="/wiki/Dnipro" title="Dnipro">Dnipro</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Infrastructure_(Ukraine)" title="Ministry of Infrastructure (Ukraine)">Minister of Infrastructure of Ukraine</a> later cancelled this as an "absurd" project.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even so, by 2021, the group was reported to have partnerships with 23 countries, including Saudi Arabia.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2022, during the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, the Pivdenmash facility in Dnipro was struck by a Russian long-range cruise missile attack.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc20220717_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc20220717-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plant was targeted again during the <a href="/wiki/October%E2%80%93November_2022_nationwide_missile_strikes_on_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="October–November 2022 nationwide missile strikes on Ukraine">October–November 2022 nationwide missile strikes on Ukraine</a> on 17 November 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 1, 2023, the final Antares 230+ lifted off from Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia with <a href="/wiki/Cygnus_NG-19" title="Cygnus NG-19">Cygnus NG-19</a> to resupply the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a>. Owing to engine unavailability and the inability of Pivdenmash to produce further first stages due to the <a href="/wiki/Russian-Ukrainian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian-Ukrainian conflict">Russian-Ukrainian conflict</a>, future Cygnus spacecraft will initially be launched aboard <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a> launcher before transitioning to the <a href="/wiki/Antares_330" class="mw-redirect" title="Antares 330">Antares 330</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This vehicle uses a new first stage developed by <a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace" title="Firefly Aerospace">Firefly Aerospace</a> and the existing second stage from the Antares 230+. Pivdenmash will no longer be involved in the design or manufacturing of this vehicle. </p><p>On November 21, 2024, the infrastructure was struck by a Russian non-nuclear <a href="/wiki/Oreshnik_(missile)" title="Oreshnik (missile)">IRBM</a> (<a href="/wiki/IRBM" class="mw-redirect" title="IRBM">Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_Directors">General Directors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PA_Pivdenmash&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: General Directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Makarov" title="Oleksandr Makarov">Oleksandr Makarov</a> (1961–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kuchma" title="Leonid Kuchma">Leonid Kuchma</a> (1986–1992)</li> <li>Yuriy Alekseyev (1992–2005)</li> <li>Viktor Shchegol (2005–2014)</li> <li>Sergei Voit (2014–present)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PA_Pivdenmash&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/PA_Pivdenmash" title="Special:EditPage/PA Pivdenmash">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Factory of missile and aviation aggregates (created in 2010 through organization)</li> <li>Pavlohrad Mechanical Factory (located in <a href="/wiki/Pavlohrad" title="Pavlohrad">Pavlohrad</a>)</li> <li>Dnipro Tractor Factory</li> <li>Factory of Technological Equipment</li> <li>Production Complex "Metalurhiya"</li> <li>Production Complex "Pivdenmashenergo"</li> <li>Construction and Installation Complex</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_Complex_Meteor" title="Sports Complex Meteor">Sports Complex Meteor</a></li> <li>Social and domestic administration <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanatorium" title="Sanatorium">Sanatoriums</a> "Dubrava" (<a href="/wiki/Bila_Tserkva" title="Bila Tserkva">Bila Tserkva</a>) and "Druzhba" (<a href="/wiki/Alushta" title="Alushta">Alushta</a>), Hotel Pivdennyi, Mashynobudivnykiv Palace of Culture</li></ul></li> <li>Airline <a href="/wiki/Yuzhmashavia" title="Yuzhmashavia">Pivdenmashavia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_and_space_industry">Military and space industry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PA_Pivdenmash&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Military and space industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pivdenmash is known for its military and space industry products, and earned the city of Dnipro the nickname of "Rocket City". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Missiles">Missiles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PA_Pivdenmash&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Missiles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The company had been the key <a href="/wiki/Missile" title="Missile">missile</a> producer for <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile" title="Intercontinental ballistic missile">ICBM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">space exploration</a> programs. Historic and Pivdenmash launch systems included: </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/R-5_Pobeda" title="R-5 Pobeda">R-5 Pobeda</a> — the Soviet Union's first nuclear armed missile</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/R-12_Dvina" title="R-12 Dvina">R-12 Dvina</a> theatre ballistic missile</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/R-14_Chusovaya" title="R-14 Chusovaya">R-14 Chusovaya</a> theatre ballistic missile</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/R-16_(missile)" title="R-16 (missile)">R-16</a> — the first widely deployed ICBM of the Soviet Union</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/R-36_(missile)" title="R-36 (missile)">R-36</a> (8K67) ICBM</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/RT-20P" title="RT-20P">RT-20P</a>, the first mobile ICBM (not deployed)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/R-36_(missile)" title="R-36 (missile)">R-36orb</a>, the first ICBM with orbital warhead (not deployed)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/R-36_(missile)" title="R-36 (missile)">R-36M</a> ICBM family (converted to <a href="/wiki/Dnepr_(rocket)" title="Dnepr (rocket)">Dnepr rocket</a>)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/MR-UR-100_Sotka" title="MR-UR-100 Sotka">MR-UR-100 Sotka</a> ICBM family</li> <li>the 15A11 missile for <a href="/wiki/Dead_Hand" title="Dead Hand">Perimeter</a> system</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/RT-23_Molodets" title="RT-23 Molodets">RT-23 Molodets</a> ICBM family</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Hrim-2" title="Hrim-2">Hrim-2</a> mobile <a href="/wiki/Short-range_ballistic_missile" title="Short-range ballistic missile">short-range ballistic missile</a> system</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Space_launch_vehicles">Space launch vehicles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PA_Pivdenmash&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Space launch vehicles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_(rocket_family)" title="Kosmos (rocket family)">Kosmos</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnepr_(rocket)" title="Dnepr (rocket)">Dnepr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon" title="Tsyklon">Tsyklon</a> (based on R-36/8K67)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon-2" title="Tsyklon-2">Tsyklon-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon-3" title="Tsyklon-3">Tsyklon-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon-4" title="Tsyklon-4">Tsyklon-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclone-4M" title="Cyclone-4M">Cyclone-4M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit_(rocket_family)" title="Zenit (rocket family)">Zenit</a></li> <li>Boosters for <a href="/wiki/Energia_(rocket)" title="Energia (rocket)">Energia</a> (based on Zenit first stage)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rocket_engines">Rocket engines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PA_Pivdenmash&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rocket engines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RD-843" title="RD-843">RD-843</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Automatic_nuclear-control_system">Automatic nuclear-control system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PA_Pivdenmash&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Automatic nuclear-control system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Hand" title="Dead Hand">Dead Hand</a> — A similar system existed in the U.S. known as the <a href="/wiki/AN/DRC-8_Emergency_Rocket_Communications_System" title="AN/DRC-8 Emergency Rocket Communications System">Emergency Rocket Communications System (ERCS)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vehicles_manufacturing">Vehicles manufacturing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PA_Pivdenmash&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Vehicles manufacturing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Created in 1944 as Dnipropetrovsk Tractor Factory, it was later expanded. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:YuMZ_E186_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/YuMZ_E186_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-YuMZ_E186_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/YuMZ_E186_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-YuMZ_E186_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/YuMZ_E186_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-YuMZ_E186_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3320" data-file-height="2205" /></a><figcaption>YuMZ E186</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:YuMZ-6KL_tractor_2011_G1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/YuMZ-6KL_tractor_2011_G1.jpg/220px-YuMZ-6KL_tractor_2011_G1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/YuMZ-6KL_tractor_2011_G1.jpg/330px-YuMZ-6KL_tractor_2011_G1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/YuMZ-6KL_tractor_2011_G1.jpg/440px-YuMZ-6KL_tractor_2011_G1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption>YuMZ-6KL</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trolleybuses">Trolleybuses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PA_Pivdenmash&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Trolleybuses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YuMZ_T1" class="mw-redirect" title="YuMZ T1">YuMZ T1</a> (1992–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/YuMZ_T2" class="mw-redirect" title="YuMZ T2">YuMZ T2</a> (1993–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/YuMZ_T2.09" class="mw-redirect" title="YuMZ T2.09">YuMZ T2.09</a> (1998–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/YuMZ_E186" class="mw-redirect" title="YuMZ E186">YuMZ E186</a> (2005–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnipro_T103" class="mw-redirect" title="Dnipro T103">Dnipro T103</a> (2013–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnipro_T203" class="mw-redirect" title="Dnipro T203">Dnipro T203</a> (2017–present)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tractors">Tractors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PA_Pivdenmash&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Tractors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=YuMZ-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="YuMZ-2 (page does not exist)">YuMZ-2</a> (1954–1958)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=YuMZ-5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="YuMZ-5 (page does not exist)">YuMZ-5</a> (1957–1962)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=YuMZ-6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="YuMZ-6 (page does not exist)">YuMZ-6</a> (1971–2001)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=YuMZ_8040.2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="YuMZ 8040.2 (page does not exist)">YuMZ 8040.2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=YuMZ_8244.2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="YuMZ 8244.2 (page does not exist)">YuMZ 8244.2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=YuMZ_8080&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="YuMZ 8080 (page does not exist)">YuMZ 8080</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PA_Pivdenmash&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/28px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/42px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/56px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhnoye_Design_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuzhnoye Design Office">Pivdenne Design Bureau</a> – major missile designer closely co-operating with Pivdenmash</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Space_Agency_of_Ukraine" title="State Space Agency of Ukraine">State Space Agency of Ukraine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PA_Pivdenmash&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-yuzhmash-north-korea-rocket-technology-report/28821134.html">Inside 'Satan's' Lair: The Lock-Tight Ukrainian Rocket Plant At Center Of Tech-Leak Scandal</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pa20150206-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pa20150206_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMessier2015" class="citation news cs1">Messier, Doug (6 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parabolicarc.com/2015/02/06/russia-severing-ties-ukraine-dnepr-zenit-launch-programs/">"Russia Severing Ties With Ukraine on Dnepr, 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Xinhua&rft.atitle=Ukraine+to+launch+testing+platform+for+Hyperloop%3A+minister&rft.aulast=Xuequan&rft.aufirst=Mu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2018-02%2F22%2Fc_136992214.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APA+Pivdenmash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2019/09/20/7226902/">"There will be no hyper-hole in Ukraine - Krykliy"</a>. <i>Ukrainska Pravda</i> (in Ukrainian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arab+News&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia%27s+National+Building+sets+up+unit+of+Ukrainian+aerospace+firm+Yuzhmash&rft.date=2021-12-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farab.news%2Fbw233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APA+Pivdenmash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc20220717-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc20220717_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-62189844">"Missile strike on Ukraine space plant in Dnipro kills three"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 17 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Northrop+Grumman+Newsroom&rft.atitle=Northrop+Grumman+Teams+with+Firefly+Aerospace+to+Develop+Antares+Rocket+Upgrade+and+New+Medium+Launch+Vehicle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.northropgrumman.com%2Fnews%2Freleases%2Fnorthrop-grumman-teams-with-firefly-aerospace-to-develop-antares-rocket-upgrade-and-new-medium-launch-vehicle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APA+Pivdenmash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarwood2022" class="citation web cs1">Harwood, William (7 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/northrop-grumman-launches-cygnus-space-station-resupply-mission/">"Northrop Grumman launches Cygnus cargo ship to space station with supplies and "treats" for crew - CBS News"</a>. <i>www.cbsnews.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cbsnews.com&rft.atitle=Northrop+Grumman+launches+Cygnus+cargo+ship+to+space+station+with+supplies+and+%22treats%22+for+crew+-+CBS+News&rft.date=2022-11-07&rft.aulast=Harwood&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fnorthrop-grumman-launches-cygnus-space-station-resupply-mission%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APA+Pivdenmash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/ukraine-russia-icbm-launch-intercontinental-ballistic-missile/story?id=116085317">"Russia launches new IRBM at Ukraine, Zelenskyy says Putin is 'terrified'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>ABC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Russia+launches+new+IRBM+at+Ukraine%2C+Zelenskyy+says+Putin+is+%27terrified%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2Fukraine-russia-icbm-launch-intercontinental-ballistic-missile%2Fstory%3Fid%3D116085317&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APA+Pivdenmash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-icbm-attackddnipro-38b0faf6eed2cef98bdbc9be18f58244">"Putin says Russia attacked Ukraine with a new missile that he claims the West can't stop"</a>. <i>AP News</i>. 21 November 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281952%E2%80%931991%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281952%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281952%E2%80%931991%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Azerbaijan_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281952%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan SSR">Azerbaijan SSR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BakAZ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BakAZ (page does not exist)">BakAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganja_Auto_Plant" title="Ganja Auto Plant">KiAZ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic"><img alt="Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931991%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931991%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931991%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Byelorussian SSR">Byelorussian SSR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BelAZ" title="BelAZ">BelAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk_Automobile_Plant" title="Minsk Automobile Plant">MAZ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MZKT" title="MZKT">MZKT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoAZ" title="MoAZ">MoAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neman_(bus)" title="Neman (bus)">Neman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unison_(Belarus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unison (Belarus) (page does not exist)">Unison</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic"><img alt="Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_the_Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_the_Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_the_Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estonian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonian SSR">Estonian SSR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ToARZ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ToARZ (page does not exist)">ToARZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia_(race_car)" title="Estonia (race car)">Estonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic"><img alt="Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931990%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931990%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931990%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281951%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Georgian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian SSR">Georgian SSR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kutaisi_Auto_Mechanical_Plant" title="Kutaisi Auto Mechanical Plant">KAZ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic"><img alt="Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281952%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281952%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281952%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281952%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281952%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Kirghiz_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281952%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kirghiz_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirghiz SSR">Kirghiz SSR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frunze_Auto-assembly_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frunze Auto-assembly Plant (page does not exist)">FAZ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic"><img alt="Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Latvian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian SSR">Latvian SSR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Riga_Autobus_Factory" title="Riga Autobus Factory">RAF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VFTS_(Latvia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VFTS (Latvia) (page does not exist)">VFTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Balt" title="Russo-Balt">RBVZ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic"><img alt="Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931988%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931988%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931988%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931988%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931988%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931988%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian SSR">Lithuanian SSR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kauno_autobus%C5%B3_gamykla" title="Kauno autobusų gamykla">KAG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic"><img alt="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281954%E2%80%931991%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281954%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281954%E2%80%931991%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281954%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281954%E2%80%931991%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic_%281954%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_SFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian SFSR">Russian SFSR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amur_(company)" title="Amur (company)">AMUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avtokam" title="Avtokam">Avtokam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AvtoKuban" title="AvtoKuban">AvtoKuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AvtoVAZ" title="AvtoVAZ">AvtoVAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AZLK" title="AZLK">AZLK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moskvitch" title="Moskvitch">Moskvitch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryansk_Automobile_Plant" title="Bryansk Automobile Plant">BAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAZ" title="GAZ">GAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GolAZ" title="GolAZ">GolAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lada_Izhevsk" title="Lada Izhevsk">Izh-Avto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamaz" title="Kamaz">KAMAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAvZ" title="KAvZ">KAvZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurgan_Wheel_Tractor_Plant" title="Kurgan Wheel Tractor Plant">KZKT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiAZ_(Russia)" title="LiAZ (Russia)">LiAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAMI_(automotive_institute)" title="NAMI (automotive institute)">NAMI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NATI_(motorcycle)" title="NATI (motorcycle)">NATI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neftekamsk_Automotive_Plant" title="Neftekamsk Automotive Plant">NefAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlovo_Bus_Factory" title="Pavlovo Bus Factory">PAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UAZ" title="UAZ">UAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_Automotive_Plant" title="Ural Automotive Plant">UralAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZiL" title="ZiL">ZiL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sollers_-_Naberezhnye_Chelny" title="Sollers - Naberezhnye Chelny">ZMA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic"><img alt="Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_the_Tajik_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Tajikistan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Tajik_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Tajikistan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_the_Tajik_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Tajikistan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Tajik_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Tajikistan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_the_Tajik_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Tajikistan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Tajik_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281953%E2%80%931991%29%3B_Flag_of_Tajikistan_%281991%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tajik_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Tajik SSR">Tajik SSR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1hkalovsk_Bus_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сhkalovsk Bus Plant (page does not exist)">ChAZ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic"><img alt="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281949%E2%80%931991%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281949%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281949%E2%80%931991%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281949%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281949%E2%80%931991%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_%281949%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian SSR">Ukrainian SSR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LuAZ" title="LuAZ">LuAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KrAZ" title="KrAZ">KrAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lviv_Bus_Factory" title="Lviv Bus Factory">LAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odessa_Car_Assembly_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odessa Car Assembly Plant (page does not exist)">OdAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stryi-Avto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stryi-Avto (page does not exist)">Stryi Bus Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AvtoZAZ" title="AvtoZAZ">AvtoZAZ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ZAZ" title="ZAZ">ZAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeMZ" title="MeMZ">MeMZ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IZAA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IZAA (page does not exist)">IZAA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dniprodzerzhynsk_Car_Repair_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dniprodzerzhynsk Car Repair Plant (page does not exist)">DAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Tractor_Plant" title="Kharkiv Tractor Plant">KhTZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Morozov_Machine_Building_Design_Bureau" title="Kharkiv Morozov Machine Building Design Bureau">KMDB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Ukraine&#124;link=Ukraine_Automotive_industry_in_Ukraine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Automotive_industry_in_Ukraine" title="Template:Automotive industry in Ukraine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Automotive_industry_in_Ukraine" title="Template talk:Automotive industry in Ukraine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive_industry_in_Ukraine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive industry in Ukraine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Ukraine&#124;link=Ukraine_Automotive_industry_in_Ukraine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Ukraine" title="Automotive industry in Ukraine">Automotive industry in Ukraine</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ukraine" title="Economy of Ukraine">Economy of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Ukraine" title="Transport in Ukraine">Transport in Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vehicle manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogdan_Corporation" title="Bogdan Corporation">Bogdan Corporation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogdan_(bus_model)" title="Bogdan (bus model)">Cherkaskyi Avtobus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LuAZ" title="LuAZ">Bogdan Motors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boreks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boreks (page does not exist)">Boreks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrontrans" title="Electrontrans">Electron Corporation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electrontrans" title="Electrontrans">ElectronMash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrontrans" title="Electrontrans">ElectronTrans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etalon_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etalon Corporation (page does not exist)">Etalon Corporation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boryspil_Bus_Factory" title="Boryspil Bus Factory">BAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernihiv_Bus_Factory" title="Chernihiv Bus Factory">ChAZ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KrAZ" title="KrAZ">KrAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Tractor_Plant" title="Kharkiv Tractor Plant">KhTZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Automobile_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Automobile Corporation">Ukrainian Automobile Corporation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ZAZ" title="ZAZ">ZAZ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukroboronprom" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukroboronprom">UOP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Morozov_Machine_Building_Design_Bureau" title="Kharkiv Morozov Machine Building Design Bureau">KMDB</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATEK_(manufacturer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ATEK (manufacturer) (page does not exist)">ATEK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AvtoZAZ" title="AvtoZAZ">AvtoZAZ-Daewoo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halychyna_Bus_Factory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halychyna Bus Factory (page does not exist)">HalAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LARZ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LARZ (page does not exist)">LARZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LuAZ" title="LuAZ">LuAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lviv_Bus_Factory" title="Lviv Bus Factory">LAZ Holding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lviv_Bus_Factory" title="Lviv Bus Factory">LAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lviv_Bus_Factory" title="Lviv Bus Factory">DAZ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stryi-Auto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stryi-Auto (page does not exist)">Stryi-Auto</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SARZ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SARZ (page does not exist)">SARZ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KrASZ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KrASZ (page does not exist)">KrASZ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MeMZ" title="MeMZ">MeMZ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IZAA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IZAA (page does not exist)">IZAA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Subsidiaries of<br />foreign companies</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurocar" title="Eurocar">Eurocar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Auto" title="Škoda Auto">Škoda</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Motorcycle_Plant" title="Kyiv Motorcycle Plant">KMZ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dnipro_(motorcycle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dnipro (motorcycle)">Dnipro motorcycles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyiv_Auto_Show&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyiv Auto Show (page does not exist)">Kyiv Auto Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UkrAutoProm" title="UkrAutoProm">UkrAutoProm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_bus_builders" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_bus_builders" title="Template:European bus builders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_bus_builders" title="Template talk:European bus builders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_bus_builders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European bus builders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_bus_builders" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">European <a href="/wiki/Bus_manufacturing" title="Bus manufacturing">bus builders</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dennis" title="Alexander Dennis">Alexander Dennis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plaxton" title="Plaxton">Plaxton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMZ-Kutno" title="AMZ-Kutno">AMZ-Kutno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astra_Bus" title="Astra Bus">Astra Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autosan" title="Autosan">Autosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayats" title="Ayats">Ayats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belkommunmash" title="Belkommunmash">Belkommunmash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beulas" title="Beulas">Beulas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMC_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="BMC (Turkey)">BMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogdan_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Bogdan group">Bogdan corporation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogdan_(bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bogdan (bus)">Bogdan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Caetano" title="Salvador Caetano">Caetano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrocera_Castrosua" title="Carrocera Castrosua">Carrocera Castrosua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrosserie_Hess" title="Carrosserie Hess">Carrosserie Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernihivskyi_Avtobusnyi_Zavod" class="mw-redirect" title="Chernihivskyi Avtobusnyi Zavod">ChAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrac_Cobus" class="mw-redirect" title="Contrac Cobus">Contrac Cobus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Buses" title="Daimler Buses">Daimler Buses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_buses" title="Mercedes-Benz buses">Mercedes-Benz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setra" title="Setra">Setra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebusco" title="Ebusco">Ebusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganja_Auto_Plant" title="Ganja Auto Plant">Ganja Auto Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAZ" title="GAZ">GAZ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KAvZ" title="KAvZ">KAvZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LiAZ_(Russia)" title="LiAZ (Russia)">LiAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlovo_Bus_Factory" title="Pavlovo Bus Factory">PAZ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BClery%C3%BCz" title="Güleryüz">Guleryuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Vehicle_Industry" title="Hellenic Vehicle Industry">ELVO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industria_Italiana_Autobus" class="mw-redirect" title="Industria Italiana Autobus">Industria Italiana Autobus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikarbus" title="Ikarbus">Ikarbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikarus_(Hungarian_company)" title="Ikarus (Hungarian company)">Ikarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indcar" title="Indcar">Indcar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irizar" title="Irizar">Irizar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iveco_Bus" title="Iveco Bus">Iveco Bus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heuliez_Bus" title="Heuliez Bus">Heuliez Bus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAMAZ" class="mw-redirect" title="KAMAZ">KAMAZ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NEFAZ" class="mw-redirect" title="NEFAZ">NEFAZ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karsan" title="Karsan">Karsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk_Automobile_Plant" title="Minsk Automobile Plant">MAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellor_Coachcraft" title="Mellor Coachcraft">Mellor Coachcraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOBIpeople" title="MOBIpeople">MOBIpeople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otokar" title="Otokar">Otokar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAS_Sanos" title="FAS Sanos">Sanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solaris_Bus_%26_Coach" title="Solaris Bus & Coach">Solaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solbus" title="Solbus">Solbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOR_Libchavy" title="SOR Libchavy">SOR Libchavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunsundegui" title="Sunsundegui">Sunsundegui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switch_Mobility" title="Switch Mobility">Switch Mobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Temsa">Temsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traton" title="Traton">Traton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MAN_Truck_%26_Bus" title="MAN Truck & Bus">MAN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neoplan" title="Neoplan">Neoplan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scania_AB" title="Scania AB">Scania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Automobile_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Automobile Corporation">UkrAVTO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ZAZ" title="ZAZ">ZAZ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Hool" title="Van Hool">Van Hool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VDL_Bus_%26_Coach" title="VDL Bus & Coach">VDL Bus & Coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volgabus" title="Volgabus">Volgabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volvo_Buses" title="Volvo Buses">Volvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrightbus" title="Wrightbus">Wrightbus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfa_Romeo" title="Alfa Romeo">Alfa Romeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associated_Equipment_Company" title="Associated Equipment Company">AEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AJS" title="AJS">AJS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albion_Motors" title="Albion Motors">Albion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autobus_Classique" class="mw-redirect" title="Autobus Classique">Autobus Classique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AvtoKuban" title="AvtoKuban">AvtoKuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrozzeria_Barbi" title="Carrozzeria Barbi">Barbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barreiros_(manufacturer)" title="Barreiros (manufacturer)">Barreiros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Vehicles" title="Bedford Vehicles">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijnes" title="Beijnes">Beijnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berliet" title="Berliet">Berliet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biamax" title="Biamax">Biamax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bij_%27t_Vuur" title="Bij 't Vuur">Bij 't Vuur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouhagier_Patras" title="Bouhagier Patras">Bouhagier Patras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Commercial_Vehicles" title="Bristol Commercial Vehicles">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_United_Traction" title="British United Traction">British United Traction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlyle_Works" title="Carlyle Works">Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavdar_(company)" title="Chavdar (company)">Chavdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commer" title="Commer">Commer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossley_Motors" title="Crossley Motors">Crossley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Automobile_Building" title="Danish Automobile Building">DAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Oudsten" title="Den Oudsten">Den Oudsten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B6gm%C3%B6ller" title="Drögmöller">Drögmöller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Lancashire_Coachbuilders" title="East Lancashire Coachbuilders">East Lancashire Coachbuilders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabrika_automobila_Priboj" title="Fabrika automobila Priboj">Fabrika automobila Priboj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_Veicoli_Industriali" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiat Veicoli Industriali">Fiat Veicoli Industriali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Motors" title="Guy Motors">Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelcz" title="Jelcz">Jelcz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancia" title="Lancia">Lancia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lviv_Bus_Factory" title="Lviv Bus Factory">LAZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyland_Motors" title="Leyland Motors">Leyland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maudslay_Motor_Company" title="Maudslay Motor Company">Maudslay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Cammell_Weymann" title="Metro Cammell Weymann">MCW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midland_Red" title="Midland Red">Midland Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neobus_(Serbia)" title="Neobus (Serbia)">Neobus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogebus" title="Nogebus">Nogebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officine_Meccaniche" title="Officine Meccaniche">OM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renault_Trucks" title="Renault Trucks">Renault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocar" title="Rocar">Rocar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saviem" title="Saviem">Saviem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Hispano" title="Tata Hispano">Tata Hispano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornycroft" title="Thornycroft">Thornycroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilling-Stevens" title="Tilling-Stevens">Tilling-Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Bus" title="United Bus">United Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vest_Buss" title="Vest Buss">Vest Buss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(motor_vehicles)" title="Vulcan (motor vehicles)">Vulcan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadham_Stringer" title="Wadham Stringer">Wadham Stringer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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