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Artiodactyla - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre

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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inicio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historia_evolutiva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia_evolutiva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historia evolutiva</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia_evolutiva-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar subsección Historia evolutiva</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia_evolutiva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cladograma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cladograma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Cladograma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cladograma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Filogenia_de_los_grupos_actuales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filogenia_de_los_grupos_actuales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Filogenia de los grupos actuales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filogenia_de_los_grupos_actuales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clasificación" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clasificación"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Clasificación</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clasificación-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Características_de_los_artiodáctilos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Características_de_los_artiodáctilos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Características de los artiodáctilos</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Características_de_los_artiodáctilos-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar subsección Características de los artiodáctilos</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Características_de_los_artiodáctilos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Artiodáctilos_terrestres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artiodáctilos_terrestres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Artiodáctilos terrestres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artiodáctilos_terrestres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artiodáctilos_acuáticos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artiodáctilos_acuáticos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Artiodáctilos acuáticos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artiodáctilos_acuáticos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Véase_también" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Véase_también"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Véase también</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Véase_también-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referencias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enlaces_externos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enlaces_externos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Enlaces externos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enlaces_externos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contenidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Artiodactyla</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artículo en otro idioma. Disponible en 110 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-110" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">110 idiomas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewehoewiges" title="Ewehoewiges (afrikáans)" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ewehoewiges" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikáans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paarhufer" title="Paarhufer (alemán suizo)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Paarhufer" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemán suizo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%99%E1%88%89_%E1%8C%A3%E1%89%B5_%E1%88%B8%E1%88%86%E1%8A%94" title="ሙሉ ጣት ሸሆኔ (amárico)" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሙሉ ጣት ሸሆኔ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amárico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiodactyla" title="Artiodactyla (aragonés)" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Artiodactyla" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliferf%C4%93ted%C4%93or" title="Cliferfētedēor (inglés antiguo)" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cliferfētedēor" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="inglés antiguo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9" title="مزدوجات الأصابع (árabe)" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مزدوجات الأصابع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9" title="مزدوجات الاصابع (Egyptian Arabic)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مزدوجات الاصابع" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiodactyla" title="Artiodactyla (asturiano)" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Artiodactyla" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tollubekdunol_(Artiodactyla)" title="Tollubekdunol (Artiodactyla) (Kotava)" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Tollubekdunol (Artiodactyla)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%BCtd%C4%B1rnaql%C4%B1lar" title="Cütdırnaqlılar (azerbaiyano)" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cütdırnaqlılar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaiyano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%E2%80%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="جوتدیرناق‌لیلار (South Azerbaijani)" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جوتدیرناق‌لیلار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%83%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D2%A1%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ҡуш тояҡлылар (baskir)" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡуш тояҡлылар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Парнакапытныя (bielorruso)" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Парнакапытныя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Парнакапытныя (Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography))" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Парнакапытныя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Чифтокопитни (búlgaro)" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чифтокопитни" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6" title="যুগ্ম ক্ষুরযুক্ত চতুষ্পদ (bengalí)" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="যুগ্ম ক্ষুরযুক্ত চতুষ্পদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiodaktiled" title="Artiodaktiled (bretón)" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Artiodaktiled" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papkari" title="Papkari (bosnio)" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Papkari" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiod%C3%A0ctils" title="Artiodàctils (catalán)" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Artiodàctils" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiodactyla" title="Artiodactyla (cebuano)" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Artiodactyla" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudokopytn%C3%ADci" title="Sudokopytníci (checo)" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sudokopytníci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%C4%95%D0%BA%C4%95%D1%80_%D1%87%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Йĕкĕр чĕрнеллисем (chuvasio)" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Йĕкĕр чĕрнеллисем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvasio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrett%C3%A5ede_hovdyr" title="Parrettåede hovdyr (danés)" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Parrettåede hovdyr" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artículo destacado"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paarhufer" title="Paarhufer (alemán)" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Paarhufer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%B1_s%C4%B1mey%C4%B1ni" title="Dı sımeyıni (Zazaki)" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Dı sımeyıni" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%AC%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B1" title="Αρτιοδάκτυλα (griego)" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρτιοδάκτυλα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="griego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiodactyl" title="Artiodactyl (inglés)" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Artiodactyl" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parhufuloj" title="Parhufuloj (esperanto)" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Parhufuloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B5ralised" title="Sõralised (estonio)" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sõralised" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiodaktilo" title="Artiodaktilo (euskera)" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Artiodaktilo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="euskera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%81%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جفت‌سم‌سانان (persa)" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جفت‌سم‌سانان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorkkael%C3%A4imet" title="Sorkkaeläimet (finés)" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sorkkaeläimet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiodactyla" title="Artiodactyla (francés)" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Artiodactyla" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paartuanet_Klooksdiarten" title="Paartuanet Klooksdiarten (frisón septentrional)" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Paartuanet Klooksdiarten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisón septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evenhoevigen" title="Evenhoevigen (frisón occidental)" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Evenhoevigen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisón occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artadachtail" title="Artadachtail (irlandés)" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Artadachtail" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiodactyla" title="Artiodactyla (gaélico escocés)" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Artiodactyla" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélico escocés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiod%C3%A1ctilos" title="Artiodáctilos (gallego)" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Artiodáctilos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pys%C3%A3k%C3%B5i" title="Pysãkõi (guaraní)" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Pysãkõi" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%94" title="מכפילי פרסה (hebreo)" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מכפילי פרסה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="सम-ऊँगली खुरदार (hindi)" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सम-ऊँगली खुरदार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parnoprsta%C5%A1i" title="Parnoprstaši (croata)" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Parnoprstaši" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1rosujj%C3%BA_pat%C3%A1sok" title="Párosujjú patások (húngaro)" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Párosujjú patások" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%BD%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Երկսմբակավորներ (armenio)" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երկսմբակավորներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiodactylos" title="Artiodactylos (interlingua)" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Artiodactylos" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan_berkuku_genap" title="Hewan berkuku genap (indonesio)" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hewan berkuku genap" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para-hufajo" title="Para-hufajo (ido)" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Para-hufajo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaufd%C3%BDr" title="Klaufdýr (islandés)" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Klaufdýr" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiodactyla" title="Artiodactyla (italiano)" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Artiodactyla" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%81%B6%E8%B9%84%E7%9B%AE" title="偶蹄目 (japonés)" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="偶蹄目" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9wan_kuku_genep" title="Kéwan kuku genep (javanés)" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kéwan kuku genep" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A9%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="წყვილჩლიქოსნები (georgiano)" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წყვილჩლიქოსნები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tisenfednin" title="Tisenfednin (cabileño)" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tisenfednin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabileño" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D2%B1%D0%BF%D1%82%D2%B1%D1%8F%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Жұптұяқтылар (kazajo)" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жұптұяқтылар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%B2" title="ಆರ್ಟಿಯೊಡ್ಯಾಕ್ಟೈಲ (canarés)" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆರ್ಟಿಯೊಡ್ಯಾಕ್ಟೈಲ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="canarés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A0%9C%EB%A5%98" title="우제류 (coreano)" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="우제류" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%8D%D0%B7" title="Вожьясянгыжаэз (komi permio)" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Вожьясянгыжаэз" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi permio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ача туяктуулар (kirguís)" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ача туяктуулар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiodactyla" title="Artiodactyla (latín)" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Artiodactyla" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiodactyla" title="Artiodactyla (luxemburgués)" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Artiodactyla" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiodatilo" title="Artiodatilo (Lingua Franca Nova)" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Artiodatilo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evehovege" title="Evehovege (limburgués)" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Evehovege" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiodactyla" title="Artiodactyla (Ligurian)" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Artiodactyla" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porakanopiai" title="Porakanopiai (lituano)" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Porakanopiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81rnad%C5%BEi" title="Pārnadži (letón)" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pārnadži" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Парнокопитни (macedonio)" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Парнокопитни" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="युग्मखुरी (maratí)" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="युग्मखुरी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D3%B9%D1%87%D3%93%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%93" title="Кок кӹчӓн вольыквлӓ (Western Mari)" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Кок кӹчӓн вольыквлӓ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiodactyla" title="Artiodactyla (malayo)" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Artiodactyla" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%B9%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ခွာစုံပါသော တိရစ္ဆာန်များ (birmano)" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ခွာစုံပါသော တိရစ္ဆာန်များ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evenhoevigen" title="Evenhoevigen (neerlandés)" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Evenhoevigen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klauvdyr" title="Klauvdyr (noruego nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Klauvdyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruego nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klovdyr" title="Klovdyr (noruego bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Klovdyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruego bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiodactyla" title="Artiodactyla (Novial)" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Artiodactyla" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiodactyla" title="Artiodactyla (occitano)" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Artiodactyla" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotteeyyii_quba_guutuu" title="Kotteeyyii quba guutuu (oromo)" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kotteeyyii quba guutuu" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%81%C3%A6%D1%84%D1%82%C3%A6%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Дысæфтæгонтæ (osético)" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дысæфтæгонтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osético" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parzystokopytne" title="Parzystokopytne (polaco)" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Parzystokopytne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AF%DA%BE%D8%B1%DB%92_%DA%A9%DA%BE%D8%B1" title="پدھرے کھر (Western Punjabi)" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پدھرے کھر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiod%C3%A1tilos" title="Artiodátilos (portugués)" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Artiodátilos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iskay_ruk%27anayuq" title="Iskay ruk&#039;anayuq (quechua)" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Iskay ruk&#039;anayuq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiodactile" title="Artiodactile (rumano)" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Artiodactile" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Парнокопытные (ruso)" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Парнокопытные" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%85_%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ыыраахтаах туйахтаахтар (sakha)" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ыыраахтаах туйахтаахтар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiodactyla" title="Artiodactyla (siciliano)" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Artiodactyla" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Even-taed_ungulate" title="Even-taed ungulate (escocés)" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Even-taed ungulate" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escocés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papkari" title="Papkari (serbocroata)" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Papkari" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiodactyl" title="Artiodactyl (Simple English)" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Artiodactyl" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1rnokopytn%C3%ADky" title="Párnokopytníky (eslovaco)" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Párnokopytníky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodoprsti_kopitarji" title="Sodoprsti kopitarji (esloveno)" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sodoprsti kopitarji" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyeppirelleeh" title="Kyeppirelleeh (sami inari)" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kyeppirelleeh" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dythundrak%C3%ABt" title="Dythundrakët (albanés)" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dythundrakët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Парнопрсти копитари (serbio)" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Парнопрсти копитари" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part%C3%A5iga_hovdjur" title="Partåiga hovdjur (sueco)" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Partåiga hovdjur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF" title="இரட்டைப்படைக் குளம்பி (tamil)" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இரட்டைப்படைக் குளம்பி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88" title="อันดับสัตว์กีบคู่ (tailandés)" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อันดับสัตว์กีบคู่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiodactyla" title="Artiodactyla (tagalo)" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Artiodactyla" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ift_toynakl%C4%B1lar" title="Çift toynaklılar (turco)" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çift toynaklılar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Парнокопитні (ucraniano)" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Парнокопитні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juft_tuyoqlilar" title="Juft tuyoqlilar (uzbeko)" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Juft tuyoqlilar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%99_Gu%E1%BB%91c_ch%E1%BA%B5n" title="Bộ Guốc chẵn (vietnamita)" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bộ Guốc chẵn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eevnhoevign" title="Eevnhoevign (West Flemish)" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Eevnhoevign" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artiodactyla" title="Artiodactyla (waray)" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Artiodactyla" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%81%B6%E8%B9%84%E7%9B%AE" title="偶蹄目 (chino wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="偶蹄目" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chino wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AD%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A9%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ჭკობაჩორქოამეფი (Mingrelian)" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჭკობაჩორქოამეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youdaezmoeg" title="Youdaezmoeg (zhuang)" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Youdaezmoeg" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evenoevihen" title="Evenoevihen (Zeelandic)" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Evenoevihen" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%81%B6%E8%B9%84%E7%9B%AE" title="偶蹄目 (chino)" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="偶蹄目" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B3%CD%98-t%C3%AA_t%C5%8Dng-bu%CC%8Dt" title="Ngó͘-tê tōng-bu̍t (chino min nan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ngó͘-tê tōng-bu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chino min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%81%B6%E8%B9%84%E7%9B%AE" title="偶蹄目 (cantonés)" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="偶蹄目" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r157776694">.mw-parser-output .infobox .imagen{max-width:100%;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .imagen img{max-width:100%;height:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .mw-kartographer-container .thumbinner,.mw-parser-output .infobox .mw-kartographer-map{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%!important}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .infobox .imagen a.image>img{max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:22.7em; line-height: 1.4em; text-align:left; padding:.23em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" class="cabecera" style="text-align:center;background-color:#D3D3A4;color:inherit;">Artiodáctilos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%; background-color: #D3D3A4;"> <a href="/wiki/Escala_temporal_geol%C3%B3gica" title="Escala temporal geológica">Rango temporal</a>: 56 Ma&#160;-&#160;0 Ma <div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background:rgb(254,217,106);"><a href="/wiki/Prec%C3%A1mbrico" title="Precámbrico">PreЄ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1mbrico" title="Cámbrico">Є</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordov%C3%ADcico" title="Ordovícico">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.926153846154px; width:8.1907692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Sil%C3%BArico" title="Silúrico">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Dev%C3%B3nico" title="Devónico">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon%C3%ADfero" title="Carbonífero">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rmico" title="Pérmico">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.126830769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Tri%C3%A1sico" title="Triásico">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.86769230769px; width:19.055384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Jur%C3%A1sico" title="Jurásico">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cret%C3%A1cico" title="Cretácico">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Pale%C3%B3geno" title="Paleógeno"><small>Pg</small></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9188307692308px;"><a href="/wiki/Ne%C3%B3geno" title="Neógeno"><small>N</small></a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:201.04615384615px; width:18.953846153846px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:201.04615384615px; width:18.953846153846px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:202.04615384615px; width:16.953846153846px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div> <a href="/wiki/Eoceno_Inferior" class="mw-redirect" title="Eoceno Inferior">Eoceno Inferior</a> - <a href="/wiki/Reciente" class="mw-redirect" title="Reciente">Reciente</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" class="imagen" style="text-align:center;"> <figure class="mw-halign-center noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/The_Cetartiodactyla.jpg/250px-The_Cetartiodactyla.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/The_Cetartiodactyla.jpg/375px-The_Cetartiodactyla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/The_Cetartiodactyla.jpg/500px-The_Cetartiodactyla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" usemap="#ImageMap_1a48941e5a836fb1" resource="/wiki/Archivo:The_Artiodactyla.jpg" /></span><map name="ImageMap_1a48941e5a836fb1"><area href="/wiki/Giraffa_camelopardalis" shape="rect" coords="0,0,83,141" alt="Jirafa" title="Jirafa" /><area href="/wiki/Bison_bison" shape="rect" coords="83,0,167,70" alt="Bisonte americano" title="Bisonte americano" /><area href="/wiki/Cervus_elaphus" shape="rect" coords="83,156,167,70" alt="Ciervo común" title="Ciervo común" /><area href="/wiki/Orcinus_orca" shape="rect" coords="250,141,167,94" alt="Orca" title="Orca" /><area href="/wiki/Sus_scrofa" shape="rect" coords="250,47,167,94" alt="Jabalí" title="Jabalí" /><area href="/wiki/Camelus_dromedarius" shape="rect" coords="250,0,167,94" alt="Dromedario" title="Dromedario" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure><br /><div style="display:inline;font-size:95%;">Diversos artiodáctilos.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background-color: #D3D3A4;"><a href="/wiki/Taxonom%C3%ADa" title="Taxonomía">Taxonomía</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/Reino_(biolog%C3%ADa)" title="Reino (biología)">Reino</a>:</th><td colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/Filo" title="Filo">Filo</a>:</th><td colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata">Chordata</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;;">Subfilo:</th><td colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata">Vertebrata</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/Clase_(biolog%C3%ADa)" title="Clase (biología)">Clase</a>:</th><td colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Mammalia" title="Mammalia">Mammalia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;;">Subclase:</th><td colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Theria" title="Theria">Theria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;;">Infraclase:</th><td colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia">Placentalia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;;">Magnorden:</th><td colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Boreoeutheria" title="Boreoeutheria">Boreoeutheria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;;">Superorden:</th><td colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Laurasiatheria" title="Laurasiatheria">Laurasiatheria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;;">Granorden:</th><td colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Scrotifera" title="Scrotifera">Scrotifera</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;;"><a href="/wiki/Orden_(biolog%C3%ADa)" title="Orden (biología)">Orden</a>:</th><td colspan="2"> <b>Artiodactyla</b><br /><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Owen" title="Richard Owen">Owen</a>, 1848</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background-color: #D3D3A4;"><a href="/wiki/Orden_(biolog%C3%ADa)" title="Orden (biología)">Subórdenes</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tylopoda" title="Tylopoda">Tylopoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suina" title="Suina">Suina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruminantia" title="Ruminantia">Ruminantia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whippomorpha" title="Whippomorpha">Whippomorpha</a> (incluido <a href="/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea">Cetacea</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203;</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background-color: #D3D3A4;"><a href="/wiki/Sinonimia_(biolog%C3%ADa)" title="Sinonimia (biología)">Sinonimia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cetartiodactyla" title="Cetartiodactyla">Cetartiodactyla</a>, Montgelard, 1997.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="noprint" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><div class="plainlinks wikidata-link" style="font-size: 0.85em">&#x5b;<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25329" class="extiw" title="d:Q25329">editar datos en Wikidata</a>&#x5d;</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Los <b>artiodáctilos</b> (<b>Artiodactyla</b>, del <a href="/wiki/Griego_antiguo" title="Griego antiguo">griego</a> άρτιος (<i>ártios</i>), "par" y δάκτυλος (<i>dáktylos</i>), "dedo") o <b>ungulados de dedos pares</b> son un <a href="/wiki/Orden_(biolog%C3%ADa)" title="Orden (biología)">orden</a> de <a href="/wiki/Mam%C3%ADferos" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamíferos">mamíferos</a> <a href="/wiki/Ungulados" class="mw-redirect" title="Ungulados">ungulados</a> cuyas extremidades terminan en un número par de <a href="/wiki/Dedo" title="Dedo">dedos</a>, de los cuales apoyan en el suelo por lo menos dos (excepto los <a href="/wiki/Cet%C3%A1ceo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetáceo">cetáceos</a>, que son acuáticos y tienen las extremidades en forma de aletas); los dedos más desarrollados son el tercero y el cuarto y, salvo los <a href="/wiki/Hipopot%C3%A1midos" class="mw-redirect" title="Hipopotámidos">hipopotámidos</a>, son los únicos que se apoyan en el suelo. Los otros tres dedos están presentes, ausentes, son <a href="/wiki/Vestigialidad" title="Vestigialidad">vestigiales</a> o apuntan hacia atrás. En cambio, los <a href="/wiki/Perissodactyla" title="Perissodactyla">perisodáctilos</a> o ungulados de dedos impares soportan su peso sobre uno (un número impar) de los cinco dedos: el tercero. Otra diferencia entre ambos órdenes es que los artiodáctilos digieren la <a href="/wiki/Celulosa" title="Celulosa">celulosa</a> de las plantas en una o varias cámaras estomacales y no en los intestinos, como ocurre en los ungulados de dedos impares. </p><p>Los <a href="/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea">cetáceos</a> evolucionaron a partir de los artiodáctilos, por lo que la clasificación taxonómica moderna combina a unos y otros bajo el nombre de <a href="/wiki/Cetartiodactyla" title="Cetartiodactyla">Cetartiodactyla</a>. Los artiodáctilos terrestres habitan en todos los continentes, excepto en la <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%A1rtida" title="Antártida">Antártida</a>, aunque los que se encuentran en <a href="/wiki/Ocean%C3%ADa" title="Oceanía">Oceanía</a> han sido <a href="/wiki/Especie_introducida" title="Especie introducida">introducidos</a> por el <a href="/wiki/Ser_humano" class="mw-redirect" title="Ser humano">ser humano</a>. Mientras que los artiodáctilos acuáticos (cetáceos), se encuentran en todos los <a href="/wiki/Oc%C3%A9ano" title="Océano">océanos</a> del mundo. Esto convierte a los artiodáctilos como el grupo de mamíferos y vertebrados que ha logrado colonizar todo el planeta incluyendo todos los hábitat acuáticos y terrestres. </p><p>Los artiodáctilos actuales (sin contar los taxones fósiles) incluyen alrededor de unas 235 <a href="/wiki/Especies" class="mw-redirect" title="Especies">especies</a> de artiodáctilos terrestres repartidas en 10 <a href="/wiki/Familia_(biolog%C3%ADa)" title="Familia (biología)">familias</a>, entre las que se destacan los <a href="/wiki/Camelus" title="Camelus">camellos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lama_glama" title="Lama glama">llamas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cerdo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerdo">cerdos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bos_primigenius_taurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bos primigenius taurus">vacas o toros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capra" title="Capra">cabras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oveja" class="mw-redirect" title="Oveja">ovejas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hipop%C3%B3tamo" class="mw-redirect" title="Hipopótamo">hipopótamos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%ADlope" title="Antílope">antílopes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ciervo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciervo">ciervos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jirafa" class="mw-redirect" title="Jirafa">jirafas</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BAfalo" class="mw-disambig" title="Búfalo">búfalos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jabal%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabalí">jabalíes</a>, etc. y alrededor de 88 especies de cetáceos o artiodáctilos acuáticos en 12 familias, ejemplos son las <a href="/wiki/Ballenas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballenas">ballenas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delfines" class="mw-redirect" title="Delfines">delfines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orcas" class="mw-redirect" title="Orcas">orcas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cachalotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Cachalotes">cachalotes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phocoenidae" title="Phocoenidae">marsopas</a>, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-ord_2-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-ord-2"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>2<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203; Muchas de estas especies son de gran importancia dietaria, económica y cultural para los humanos. </p><p>Tradicionalmente Artiodactyla incluía a los artiodáctilos terrestres. Sin embargo si se excluye a los cetáceos Artiodactyla es un taxón <a href="/wiki/Parafil%C3%A9tico" title="Parafilético">parafilético</a> (que no contiene a todos sus descendientes), por ello las nuevas clasificaciones taxonómicas prefieren incluir a los cetáceos para que Artiodactyla sea <a href="/wiki/Monofiletico" class="mw-redirect" title="Monofiletico">monofiletico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>3<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>4<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>5<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203; </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia_evolutiva">Historia evolutiva</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artiodactyla&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editar sección: Historia evolutiva"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="VT rellink"><span style="font-size:88%">Véase también:</span> <i><a href="/wiki/Anexo:Artiodactyla" title="Anexo:Artiodactyla">Anexo:Artiodactyla</a></i></div> <div class="VT rellink"><span style="font-size:88%">Véase también:</span> <i><a href="/wiki/Evoluci%C3%B3n_de_los_cet%C3%A1ceos" title="Evolución de los cetáceos">Evolución de los cetáceos</a></i></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Cladogram_of_Cetacea_within_Artiodactyla.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Cladogram_of_Cetacea_within_Artiodactyla.png/220px-Cladogram_of_Cetacea_within_Artiodactyla.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Cladogram_of_Cetacea_within_Artiodactyla.png/330px-Cladogram_of_Cetacea_within_Artiodactyla.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Cladogram_of_Cetacea_within_Artiodactyla.png/440px-Cladogram_of_Cetacea_within_Artiodactyla.png 2x" data-file-width="1694" data-file-height="2540" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cladograma" title="Cladograma">Cladograma</a> mostrando la posición de Artiodactyla.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>6<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203; </figcaption></figure> <p>Al igual que muchos grupos de mamíferos actuales, los artiodáctilos aparecieron durante el período <a href="/wiki/Pale%C3%B3geno" title="Paleógeno">Paleógeno</a>. Los <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3sil" title="Fósil">fósiles</a> más antiguos de artiodáctilos datan desde el comienzo del <a href="/wiki/Eoceno" title="Eoceno">Eoceno</a> (hace 56 millones de años),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>7<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203; sin embargo otros estudios que incluyen análisis mediante la técnica de <a href="/wiki/Reloj_molecular" title="Reloj molecular">reloj molecular</a>, estiman el origen de los artiodáctilos a finales del <a href="/wiki/Cret%C3%A1cico" title="Cretácico">Cretácico</a> (hace 67 millones de años).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>8<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203; En apariencia, sus primeros integrantes recordaban a los actuales <a href="/wiki/Tragulidae" title="Tragulidae">ciervos ratones</a>: pequeños y de patas cortas. Aun así, los artiodáctilos estaban lejos de ser dominantes en aquella época; los <a href="/wiki/Perisod%C3%A1ctilo" class="mw-redirect" title="Perisodáctilo">perisodáctilos</a> (el grupo al que pertenecen los <a href="/wiki/Caballo" class="mw-redirect" title="Caballo">caballos</a> y <a href="/wiki/Rinoceronte" class="mw-redirect" title="Rinoceronte">rinocerontes</a>) eran bastante más exitosos y numerosos. Los artiodáctilos por entonces sobrevivían ocupando por lo general <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1bitat" title="Hábitat">hábitats</a> marginales, y presumiblemente fue por esa época que desarrollaron sus complejos <a href="/wiki/Sistema_digestivo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistema digestivo">sistemas digestivos</a>, que les permitían sobrevivir con comida poco nutritiva.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>9<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203; </p><p>A finales del Eoceno (~46 millones de años), los cuatro subórdenes modernos ya se habían desarrollado: <a href="/wiki/Suina" title="Suina">Suina</a> (el grupo de los <a href="/wiki/Cerdo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerdo">cerdos</a>), <a href="/wiki/Tylopoda" title="Tylopoda">Tylopoda</a> (el grupo de los <a href="/wiki/Camelus" title="Camelus">camellos</a>) y <a href="/wiki/Ruminantia" title="Ruminantia">Ruminantia</a> (el grupo de las <a href="/wiki/Cabra" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabra">cabras</a> y los <a href="/wiki/Bovino" class="mw-redirect" title="Bovino">bovinos</a>), junto a los <a href="/wiki/Whippomorpha" title="Whippomorpha">Whippomorpha</a> (el grupo de los hipopótamos y los cetáceos). </p><p>La aparición de los <a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">pastos</a> durante el <a href="/wiki/Eoceno" title="Eoceno">Eoceno</a>, y su posterior expansión durante el <a href="/wiki/Mioceno" title="Mioceno">Mioceno</a> (hace unos 20 millones de años), permitió un cambio notorio; los pastos son muy difíciles de digerir, y los artiodáctilos terrestres, con sus <a href="/wiki/Est%C3%B3mago" title="Estómago">estómagos</a> altamente desarrollados, estaban mejor adaptados para esta nueva dieta dura y pobre en nutrientes, y pronto reemplazaron a los perisodáctilos como los <a href="/wiki/Herb%C3%ADvoro" title="Herbívoro">herbívoros</a> terrestres dominantes. En este periodo los cetáceos ya habían desarrollado totalmente la vida acuática. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cladograma">Cladograma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artiodactyla&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editar sección: Cladograma"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Relaciones evolutivas de los artiodáctilos por suborden:<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>10<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203;<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>11<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r144106922">.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{width:0.7em;padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> </p> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#160;&#160;&#160;<b>Artiodactyla</b>&#160;&#160;&#160; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r144106922"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Tylopoda" title="Tylopoda">Tylopoda</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Vicunacrop2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Vicunacrop2.jpg/80px-Vicunacrop2.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Vicunacrop2.jpg/120px-Vicunacrop2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Vicunacrop2.jpg/160px-Vicunacrop2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1156" data-file-height="720" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r144106922"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Suina" title="Suina">Suina</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Eberswalde_Zoo_12-2017_img2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Eberswalde_Zoo_12-2017_img2.jpg/80px-Eberswalde_Zoo_12-2017_img2.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Eberswalde_Zoo_12-2017_img2.jpg/120px-Eberswalde_Zoo_12-2017_img2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Eberswalde_Zoo_12-2017_img2.jpg/160px-Eberswalde_Zoo_12-2017_img2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7077" data-file-height="4721" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r144106922"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Ruminantia" title="Ruminantia">Ruminantia</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Rocky_Mountain_Bull_Elk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Rocky_Mountain_Bull_Elk.jpg/80px-Rocky_Mountain_Bull_Elk.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Rocky_Mountain_Bull_Elk.jpg/120px-Rocky_Mountain_Bull_Elk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Rocky_Mountain_Bull_Elk.jpg/160px-Rocky_Mountain_Bull_Elk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Whippomorpha" title="Whippomorpha">Whippomorpha</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r144106922"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Hippopotamidae" title="Hippopotamidae">Hippopotamidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Kudanil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Kudanil.jpg/80px-Kudanil.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Kudanil.jpg/120px-Kudanil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Kudanil.jpg/160px-Kudanil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea">Cetacea</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Belugawhale_MMC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Belugawhale_MMC.jpg/80px-Belugawhale_MMC.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Belugawhale_MMC.jpg/120px-Belugawhale_MMC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Belugawhale_MMC.jpg/160px-Belugawhale_MMC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="177" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Filogenia_de_los_grupos_actuales">Filogenia de los grupos actuales</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artiodactyla&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Editar sección: Filogenia de los grupos actuales"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Las relaciones filogenéticas entre los subgrupos serían las siguientes:<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>12<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203;<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>13<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203;<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>14<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203; </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r144106922"> <table class="clade" style="font-size:90%;line-height:90%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><b>Artiodactyla/Cetartiodactyla</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r144106922"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r144106922"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Camelidae" title="Camelidae">Camelidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Bactrian.camel.sideon.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Bactrian.camel.sideon.arp.jpg/60px-Bactrian.camel.sideon.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Bactrian.camel.sideon.arp.jpg/90px-Bactrian.camel.sideon.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Bactrian.camel.sideon.arp.jpg/120px-Bactrian.camel.sideon.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="1708" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r144106922"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Suina" title="Suina">Suina</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r144106922"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Suidae" title="Suidae">Suidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Sow_with_piglet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sow_with_piglet.jpg/60px-Sow_with_piglet.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sow_with_piglet.jpg/90px-Sow_with_piglet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sow_with_piglet.jpg/120px-Sow_with_piglet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1674" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; 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</td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r144106922"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Tragulidae" title="Tragulidae">Tragulidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Tragulus_javanicus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tragulus_javanicus.jpg/60px-Tragulus_javanicus.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tragulus_javanicus.jpg/90px-Tragulus_javanicus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tragulus_javanicus.jpg/120px-Tragulus_javanicus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="299" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Pecora" title="Pecora">Pecora</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r144106922"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#8239; 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</td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r144106922"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf" style="border-right:2px solid green;border-bottom:0;border-top:0;"> <p>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Neobalaenidae" title="Neobalaenidae">Neobalaenidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Caperea_marginata_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Caperea_marginata_3.jpg/60px-Caperea_marginata_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Caperea_marginata_3.jpg/90px-Caperea_marginata_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Caperea_marginata_3.jpg/120px-Caperea_marginata_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1014" data-file-height="376" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; 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</td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r144106922"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Delphinoidea" title="Delphinoidea">Delphinoidea</a>&#160; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r144106922"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf" style="border-right:2px solid green;border-bottom:0;border-top:0;"> <p>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Delphinidae" title="Delphinidae">Delphinidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Anim1018_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Anim1018_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg/60px-Anim1018_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Anim1018_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg/90px-Anim1018_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Anim1018_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg/120px-Anim1018_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r144106922"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf" style="border-right:2px solid green;border-bottom:0;border-top:0;"> <p>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Phocoenidae" title="Phocoenidae">Phocoenidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Phocoena_phocoena.2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Phocoena_phocoena.2.jpg/60px-Phocoena_phocoena.2.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Phocoena_phocoena.2.jpg/90px-Phocoena_phocoena.2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Phocoena_phocoena.2.jpg/120px-Phocoena_phocoena.2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2835" data-file-height="2129" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf" style="border-right:2px solid green;border-bottom:0;border-top:0;"> <p>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Monodontidae" title="Monodontidae">Monodontidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Beluga_premier.gov.ru-2.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Beluga_premier.gov.ru-2.jpeg/65px-Beluga_premier.gov.ru-2.jpeg" decoding="async" width="65" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Beluga_premier.gov.ru-2.jpeg/98px-Beluga_premier.gov.ru-2.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Beluga_premier.gov.ru-2.jpeg/130px-Beluga_premier.gov.ru-2.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r144106922"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf" style="border-right:2px solid green;border-bottom:0;border-top:0;"> <p>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Pontoporiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontoporiidae">Pontoporiidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Pontoporia_blainvillei.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Pontoporia_blainvillei.jpg/80px-Pontoporia_blainvillei.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Pontoporia_blainvillei.jpg/120px-Pontoporia_blainvillei.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Pontoporia_blainvillei.jpg/160px-Pontoporia_blainvillei.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="483" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">&#8239; </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">&#8239; </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf" style="border-right:2px solid green;border-bottom:0;border-top:0;"> <p>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Iniidae" title="Iniidae">Iniidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Inia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Inia.jpg/70px-Inia.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Inia.jpg/105px-Inia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Inia.jpg/140px-Inia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-bar" style=""><b>Cetacea</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">&#8239; </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clasificación"><span id="Clasificaci.C3.B3n"></span>Clasificación</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artiodactyla&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Editar sección: Clasificación"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Esta clasificación se basa en el análisis de Spaulding <i>et al.</i>, 2009<sup id="cite_ref-ncbi.nlm.nih.gov_15-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-ncbi.nlm.nih.gov-15"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>15<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203; y las <a href="/wiki/Familia_(biolog%C3%ADa)" title="Familia (biología)">familias</a> actuales reconocidas en la obra <i><a href="/wiki/Mammal_Species_of_the_World" title="Mammal Species of the World">Mammal Species of the World</a></i> publicada en 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>16<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203; Actualmente, los <a href="/wiki/Cet%C3%A1ceo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetáceo">cetáceos</a> y los artiodáctilos han sido situados en <a href="/wiki/Cetartiodactyla" title="Cetartiodactyla">Cetartiodactyla</a> como grupos hermanos, aunque el análisis de ADN ha mostrado que de hecho los cetáceos evolucionaron directamente de los Artiodactyla, por lo que deben incluirse en este orden. Cetartiodactyla es sinónimo de Artiodactyla. La teoría más reciente de los orígenes de la familia Hippopotamidae sugiere que los hipopótamos y ballenas comparten un ancestro común semiacuático que divergió de los otros artiodáctilos hace cerca de 60 millones de años.<sup id="cite_ref-ScienceNews_17-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-ScienceNews-17"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>17<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203;<sup id="cite_ref-DNA_18-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-DNA-18"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>18<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203; Este grupo ancestral hipotético probablemente se dividió en dos ramas hace unos 54 millones de años.<sup id="cite_ref-Genomes_19-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Genomes-19"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>19<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203; Una de estas ramas <a href="/wiki/Evoluci%C3%B3n_de_los_cet%C3%A1ceos" title="Evolución de los cetáceos">evolucionaría en los cetáceos</a>, posiblemente iniciando con la protoballena <i><a href="/wiki/Pakicetus" title="Pakicetus">Pakicetus</a></i> hace 52 millones de años, junto con otras ballenas primitivas conocidas colectivamente como los <a href="/wiki/Archaeoceti" title="Archaeoceti">Archaeoceti</a>, las cuales finalmente desarrollarían adaptaciones hacia la vida completamente acuática que tienen los cetáceos modernos.<sup id="cite_ref-Cetartiodactyla_20-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Cetartiodactyla-20"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>20<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203; </p> <ul><li><b>Orden Artiodactyla</b>/<b>Cetartiodactyla</b> <ul><li><b>Suborden <a href="/wiki/Tylopoda" title="Tylopoda">Tylopoda</a></b> <ul><li>Familia †<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anoplotheriidae&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Anoplotheriidae (aún no redactado)">Anoplotheriidae</a></li> <li>Familia †<a href="/wiki/Choeropotamidae" title="Choeropotamidae">Choeropotamidae</a></li> <li>Familia †<a href="/wiki/Cainotheriidae" title="Cainotheriidae">Cainotheriidae</a></li> <li>Familia †<a href="/wiki/Merycoidodontidae" title="Merycoidodontidae">Merycoidodontidae</a></li> <li>Familia †<a href="/w/index.php?title=Agriochoeridae&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Agriochoeridae (aún no redactado)">Agriochoeridae</a></li> <li>Familia <a href="/wiki/Camelidae" title="Camelidae">Camelidae</a>: camellos y llamas (seis especies)</li> <li>Familia †<a href="/wiki/Oromerycidae" title="Oromerycidae">Oromerycidae</a></li> <li>Familia †<a href="/wiki/Xiphodontidae" title="Xiphodontidae">Xiphodontidae</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Suborden <a href="/wiki/Suina" title="Suina">Suina</a></b> <ul><li>Familia <a href="/wiki/Suidae" title="Suidae">Suidae</a>: cerdos, jabalíes y facóqueros (19 especies)</li> <li>Familia <a href="/wiki/Tayassuidae" title="Tayassuidae">Tayassuidae</a>: pecaríes (cuatro especies)</li> <li>Familia †<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanitheriidae&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanitheriidae (aún no redactado)">Sanitheriidae</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Suborden <a href="/wiki/Ruminantia" title="Ruminantia">Ruminantia</a></b> <ul><li><b>Infraorden <a href="/wiki/Pecora" title="Pecora">Pecora</a></b> <ul><li>Familia <a href="/wiki/Bovidae" title="Bovidae">Bovidae</a>: antílopes, cabras, ovejas, vacas o toros, búfalos y bisontes (135 especies)<sup id="cite_ref-ord_2-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-ord-2"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>2<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203;</li> <li>Familia <a href="/wiki/Antilocapridae" title="Antilocapridae">Antilocapridae</a>: berrendos (una especie)</li> <li>Familia <a href="/wiki/Giraffidae" title="Giraffidae">Giraffidae</a>: jirafas y okapis (dos especies)</li> <li>Familia <a href="/wiki/Moschidae" title="Moschidae">Moschidae</a>: ciervos almizcleros (siete especies)</li> <li>Familia †<a href="/wiki/Leptomerycidae" title="Leptomerycidae">Leptomerycidae</a></li> <li>Familia <a href="/wiki/Cervidae" title="Cervidae">Cervidae</a>: ciervos y renos (49 especies)</li> <li>Familia †<a href="/wiki/Gelocidae" title="Gelocidae">Gelocidae</a></li> <li>Familia †<a href="/wiki/Climacoceratidae" title="Climacoceratidae">Climacoceratidae</a></li> <li>Familia †<a href="/wiki/Palaeomerycidae" title="Palaeomerycidae">Palaeomerycidae</a></li> <li>Familia †<a href="/wiki/Hoplitomerycidae" title="Hoplitomerycidae">Hoplitomerycidae</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Infraorden <a href="/wiki/Tragulina" class="mw-redirect" title="Tragulina">Tragulina</a></b> <ul><li>Familia †<a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphimerycidae&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Amphimerycidae (aún no redactado)">Amphimerycidae</a></li> <li>Familia †<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prodremotheriidae&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Prodremotheriidae (aún no redactado)">Prodremotheriidae</a></li> <li>Familia <a href="/wiki/Tragulidae" title="Tragulidae">Tragulidae</a>: tragúlidos o ciervos ratón (diez especies)</li> <li>Familia †<a href="/wiki/Protoceratidae" title="Protoceratidae">Protoceratidae</a></li> <li>Familia †<a href="/wiki/Hypertragulidae" title="Hypertragulidae">Hypertragulidae</a></li> <li>Familia †<a href="/w/index.php?title=Praetragulidae&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Praetragulidae (aún no redactado)">Praetragulidae</a></li> <li>Familia †<a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeomerycidae&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeomerycidae (aún no redactado)">Archaeomerycidae</a></li> <li>Familia †<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lophiomerycidae&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lophiomerycidae (aún no redactado)">Lophiomerycidae</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b>Suborden <a href="/wiki/Whippomorpha" title="Whippomorpha">Whippomorpha</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-ncbi.nlm.nih.gov_15-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-ncbi.nlm.nih.gov-15"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>15<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203;<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>21<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203; <ul><li>Género †<a href="/wiki/Andrewsarchus" title="Andrewsarchus">Andrewsarchus</a></li> <li>Familia †<a href="/wiki/Entelodontidae" title="Entelodontidae">Entelodontidae</a></li> <li>Familia †<a href="/wiki/Raoellidae" title="Raoellidae">Raoellidae</a></li> <li>Familia †<a href="/wiki/Dichobunidae" title="Dichobunidae">Dichobunidae</a></li> <li>Familia †<a href="/w/index.php?title=Helohyidae&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Helohyidae (aún no redactado)">Helohyidae</a></li> <li>Familia †<a href="/wiki/Cebochoeridae" title="Cebochoeridae">Cebochoeridae</a></li> <li><b>Infraorden <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hippopotamorpha&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hippopotamorpha (aún no redactado)">Hippopotamorpha</a></b> <ul><li>Familia †<a href="/wiki/Anthracotheriidae" title="Anthracotheriidae">Anthracotheriidae</a></li> <li>Familia <a href="/wiki/Hippopotamidae" title="Hippopotamidae">Hippopotamidae</a>: hipopótamos (dos especies)</li></ul></li> <li><b>Infraorden <a href="/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea">Cetacea</a></b>: (incluido recientemente)<sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verificabilidad" title="Wikipedia:Verificabilidad">cita&#160;requerida</a></i>]</sup> <ul><li>Parvorden <a href="/wiki/Mysticeti" title="Mysticeti">Mysticeti</a> <ul><li>Familia <a href="/wiki/Balaenidae" title="Balaenidae">Balaenidae</a>: ballenas francas (cuatro especies)</li> <li>Familia <a href="/wiki/Balaenopteridae" title="Balaenopteridae">Balaenopteridae</a>: rorcuales y yubartas (nueve especies)</li> <li>Familia <a href="/wiki/Eschrichtiidae" title="Eschrichtiidae">Eschrichtiidae</a>: ballenas grises (1 especie)</li> <li>Familia <a href="/wiki/Neobalaenidae" title="Neobalaenidae">Neobalaenidae</a>: ballenas pigmeas (1 especie)</li></ul></li> <li>Parvorden <a href="/wiki/Odontoceti" title="Odontoceti">Odontoceti</a> <ul><li>Familia <a href="/wiki/Delphinidae" title="Delphinidae">Delphinidae</a>: delfines oceánicos y orcas (34 especies)</li> <li>Familia <a href="/wiki/Iniidae" title="Iniidae">Iniidae</a> y <a href="/wiki/Platanistidae" title="Platanistidae">Platanistidae</a>: delfines de ríos (seis especies)</li> <li>Familia <a href="/wiki/Phocoenidae" title="Phocoenidae">Phocoenidae</a>: marsopas (seis especies)</li> <li>Familia <a href="/wiki/Physeteridae" title="Physeteridae">Physeteridae</a>: cachalotes comunes (1 especie)</li> <li>Familia <a href="/wiki/Kogiidae" title="Kogiidae">Kogiidae</a>: cachalotes pigmeos y enanos (dos especies)</li> <li>Familia <a href="/wiki/Ziphiidae" title="Ziphiidae">Ziphiidae</a>: zifios (21 especies)</li> <li>Familia <a href="/wiki/Monodontidae" title="Monodontidae">Monodontidae</a>: belugas y narvales (dos especies)</li></ul></li> <li>Parvorden †<a href="/wiki/Archaeoceti" title="Archaeoceti">Archaeoceti</a> <ul><li>Familia †<a href="/wiki/Pakicetidae" title="Pakicetidae">Pakicetidae</a></li> <li>Familia †<a href="/wiki/Ambulocetidae" title="Ambulocetidae">Ambulocetidae</a></li> <li>Familia †<a href="/wiki/Remingtonocetidae" title="Remingtonocetidae">Remingtonocetidae</a></li> <li>Familia †<a href="/wiki/Protocetidae" title="Protocetidae">Protocetidae</a></li> <li>Familia †<a href="/wiki/Basilosauridae" title="Basilosauridae">Basilosauridae</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Características_de_los_artiodáctilos"><span id="Caracter.C3.ADsticas_de_los_artiod.C3.A1ctilos"></span>Características de los artiodáctilos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artiodactyla&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Editar sección: Características de los artiodáctilos"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artiodáctilos_terrestres"><span id="Artiod.C3.A1ctilos_terrestres"></span>Artiodáctilos terrestres</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artiodactyla&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Editar sección: Artiodáctilos terrestres"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Dama_dama8.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Dama_dama8.JPG/200px-Dama_dama8.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Dama_dama8.JPG/300px-Dama_dama8.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Dama_dama8.JPG/400px-Dama_dama8.JPG 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="832" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dama_dama" title="Dama dama">Gamo común</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Sow-foot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Sow-foot.jpg/200px-Sow-foot.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Sow-foot.jpg/300px-Sow-foot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Sow-foot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="351" data-file-height="301" /></a><figcaption>Dedos de un <a href="/wiki/Cerdo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerdo">cerdo</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Camel_Foot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Camel_Foot.jpg/200px-Camel_Foot.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Camel_Foot.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="223" data-file-height="206" /></a><figcaption>Dedos de un <a href="/wiki/Dromedario" class="mw-redirect" title="Dromedario">dromedario</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>En los artiodáctilos terrestres, el eje de las patas pasa entre los dedos tercero y cuarto, que son similares y más largos que los dedos segundo y quinto, que casi siempre están reducidos o incluso atrofiados. El número de dedos en las especies actuales es par (2 o 4), excepto en los <a href="/wiki/Tayasuidos" class="mw-redirect" title="Tayasuidos">tayasuidos</a>, cuyas patas posteriores tienen solo tres dedos funcionales. Los dedos están cubiertos por <a href="/wiki/Pezu%C3%B1a" title="Pezuña">pezuñas</a>. En la mayoría de los casos, los <a href="/wiki/Metacarpiano" class="mw-redirect" title="Metacarpiano">metacarpianos</a> y <a href="/wiki/Metatarsiano" class="mw-redirect" title="Metatarsiano">metatarsianos</a> de los dedos largos se sueldan entre sí para formar un solo elemento, llamado caña. Los dedos segundo y quinto se reducen a delgadas estructuras óseas unidos a los anteriores o bien pueden desaparecer totalmente. Tanto el <a href="/wiki/C%C3%BAbito" title="Cúbito">cúbito</a> como el <a href="/wiki/Peron%C3%A9" title="Peroné">peroné</a> están muy reducidos, mientras que el <a href="/wiki/Radio_(hueso)" title="Radio (hueso)">radio</a> y la <a href="/wiki/Tibia" title="Tibia">tibia</a> adquieren gran desarrollo.<sup id="cite_ref-sal_22-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-sal-22"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>22<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203; </p><p>Un carácter muy típico de numerosos artiodáctilos terrestres (<a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9rvidos" class="mw-redirect" title="Cérvidos">cérvidos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antiloc%C3%A1pridos" class="mw-redirect" title="Antilocápridos">antilocápridos</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3vidos" class="mw-redirect" title="Bóvidos">bóvidos</a> y <a href="/wiki/Jir%C3%A1fidos" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiráfidos">jiráfidos</a>) es la presencia de <a href="/wiki/Cuerno" title="Cuerno">cuernos</a> situados de manera simétrica a los lados de la frente, cerca de las órbitas oculares; crecen sobre procesos de los <a href="/wiki/Hueso_frontal" title="Hueso frontal">huesos frontales</a> y pueden estar recubiertos por <a href="/wiki/Piel" title="Piel">piel</a> (jirafas y ciervos) o por una vaina de <a href="/wiki/Queratina" title="Queratina">queratina</a> (antílopes, cabras, <a href="/wiki/Bos_taurus" title="Bos taurus">vacas</a>). </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/Dentici%C3%B3n" title="Dentición">dentición</a> de estos artiodáctilos está muy especializada; los <a href="/wiki/Incisivo" class="mw-redirect" title="Incisivo">incisivos</a> superiores de las especies actuales se han atrofiado, los <a href="/wiki/Premolar" class="mw-redirect" title="Premolar">premolares</a> no están molarizados y los <a href="/wiki/Molar" class="mw-redirect" title="Molar">molares</a> presentan una eficiente superficie trituradora formada por crestas longitudinales; el resultado es similar al de los <a href="/wiki/Perisod%C3%A1ctilos" class="mw-redirect" title="Perisodáctilos">perisodáctilos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Caballo" class="mw-redirect" title="Caballo">caballos</a>) pero se ha conseguido por vías muy diferentes, en un caso evidente de <a href="/wiki/Convergencia_evolutiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Convergencia evolutiva">convergencia evolutiva</a>. </p><p>El <a href="/wiki/Est%C3%B3mago" title="Estómago">estómago</a> es complejo en todos los artiodáctilos. En los casos más simples, como en los <a href="/wiki/Cerdo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerdo">cerdos</a> e <a href="/wiki/Hipop%C3%B3tamos" class="mw-redirect" title="Hipopótamos">hipopótamos</a>, existe una sola bolsa junto a la abertura del <a href="/wiki/Es%C3%B3fago" title="Esófago">esófago</a>; en el caso de los <a href="/wiki/Rumiante" title="Rumiante">rumiantes</a> hay cuatro cámaras: rumen, redecilla, omaso y abomaso. Se trata de una <a href="/wiki/Adaptaci%C3%B3n_biol%C3%B3gica" title="Adaptación biológica">adaptación</a> que les permite descomponer la <a href="/wiki/Celulosa" title="Celulosa">celulosa</a> presente en los <a href="/wiki/Vegetal" title="Vegetal">vegetales</a> gracias a la presencia de <a href="/wiki/Microorganismo" title="Microorganismo">microorganismos</a> <a href="/wiki/Simbionte" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbionte">simbiontes</a>. El abomaso segrega poderosos ácidos, es como el estómago de cualquier otro mamífero. </p><p>Los artiodáctilos tienen un complejo sistema de <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%A1ndula" title="Glándula">glándulas</a> olorosas en la <a href="/wiki/Cabeza" title="Cabeza">cabeza</a>, entre los <a href="/wiki/Dedo" title="Dedo">dedos</a>, en la región <a href="/wiki/Ingle" title="Ingle">inguinal</a> y, con menos frecuencia, alrededor del <a href="/wiki/Ano" title="Ano">ano</a>. Estas glándulas intervienen en la señalización del territorio y en su vida social y sexual, que es a menudo compleja.<sup id="cite_ref-you_23-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-you-23"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>23<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203; </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artiodáctilos_acuáticos"><span id="Artiod.C3.A1ctilos_acu.C3.A1ticos"></span>Artiodáctilos acuáticos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artiodactyla&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Editar sección: Artiodáctilos acuáticos"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Delphinus_capensis.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Delphinus_capensis.JPG/200px-Delphinus_capensis.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Delphinus_capensis.JPG/300px-Delphinus_capensis.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Delphinus_capensis.JPG/400px-Delphinus_capensis.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1908" /></a><figcaption>Los cetáceos según las clasificaciones cladísticas evolucionaron de artiodáctilos terrestres.</figcaption></figure> <div class="noprint AP rellink"><span style="font-size:88%">Artículos principales:</span>&#32;<i><a href="/wiki/Cetacea#Morfología" title="Cetacea"> Cetacea#Morfología</a></i><span style="font-size:88%">&#32;y&#32;</span><i><a href="/wiki/Cetacea#Fisiología" title="Cetacea"> Cetacea#Fisiología</a></i>.</div> <p>Habiendo evolucionado de artiodáctilos terrestres, los cetáceos han tenido que desarrollar <a href="/wiki/Adaptaci%C3%B3n_biol%C3%B3gica" title="Adaptación biológica">adaptaciones</a> anatómicas y fisiológicas para poder tener una vida completamente acuática: </p> <ul><li>el cuerpo es fusiforme y ha tomado una forma hidrodinámica parecida a la de un <a href="/wiki/Pisces" class="mw-redirect" title="Pisces">pez</a>;</li> <li>se ha desarrollado una aleta dorsal en la espalda, formada por tejido conjuntivo;</li> <li>las patas anteriores se han transformado en aletas pectorales y han tomado forma de remo;</li> <li>el extremo de la cola es plano y está formado por dos lóbulos;</li> <li>las patas traseras están ausentes y solo quedan pequeños huesos ocultos en el interior del cuerpo;</li> <li>presentan un espiráculo en la parte superior de la cabeza;</li> <li>los pelos desaparecen completamente después de los primeros meses de vida;</li> <li>los pabellones auriculares están ausentes;</li> <li>los <a href="/wiki/Aparato_reproductor" class="mw-redirect" title="Aparato reproductor">genitales externos</a> están ocultos en el interior de bolsillos.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Véase_también"><span id="V.C3.A9ase_tambi.C3.A9n"></span>Véase también</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artiodactyla&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Editar sección: Véase también"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anexo:Especies_de_Artiodactyla" title="Anexo:Especies de Artiodactyla">Anexo:Especies de Artiodactyla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anexo:Artiodactyla_por_poblaci%C3%B3n" title="Anexo:Artiodactyla por población">Anexo:Artiodactyla por población</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencias">Referencias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artiodactyla&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Editar sección: Referencias"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="listaref" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFP._J.Okada,_N.Hasegawa,_M.1999" class="citation publicación">P. J., Waddell; Okada, N.; Hasegawa, M. (1999). «Towards resolving the interordinal relationships of placental mammals». <i>Systematic Biology</i> <b>48</b> (1): 1–5. <small><a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2585262">2585262</a></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12078634">12078634</a></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fsysbio%2F48.1.1">10.1093/sysbio/48.1.1</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AArtiodactyla&amp;rft.atitle=Towards+resolving+the+interordinal+relationships+of+placental+mammals&amp;rft.au=Hasegawa%2C+M.&amp;rft.au=Okada%2C+N.&amp;rft.au=P.+J.%2C+Waddell&amp;rft.aufirst=Waddell&amp;rft.aulast=P.+J.&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jstor=2585262&amp;rft.jtitle=Systematic+Biology&amp;rft.pages=1-5&amp;rft.volume=48&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fsysbio%2F48.1.1&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12078634&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ord-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-ord_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ord_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120714072316/http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Artiodactyla.html">«Myers, P. 2001. <i>Artiodactyla</i> (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 18, 2008»</a>. Archivado desde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Artiodactyla.html">el original</a> el 14 de julio de 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado el 18 de diciembre de 2008</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AArtiodactyla&amp;rft.btitle=Myers%2C+P.+2001.+%27%27Artiodactyla%27%27+%28On-line%29%2C+Animal+Diversity+Web.+Accessed+December+18%2C+2008&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanimaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu%2Fsite%2Faccounts%2Finformation%2FArtiodactyla.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=2688">http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=2688</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://mamiferos.paradais-sphynx.com/informacion/artiodactilos-artiodactyla-caracteristicas.htm">https://mamiferos.paradais-sphynx.com/informacion/artiodactilos-artiodactyla-caracteristicas.htm</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ultimateungulate.com/Artiodactyla.html">http://www.ultimateungulate.com/Artiodactyla.html</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFSpauldingO&#39;Leary,_Maureen_A.Gatesy,_JohnFarke,_Andrew_Allen2009" class="citation publicación">Spaulding, Michelle; O'Leary, Maureen A.; Gatesy, John; Farke, Andrew Allen (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0007062">«Relationships of Cetacea (Artiodactyla) Among Mammals: Increased Taxon Sampling Alters Interpretations of Key Fossils and Character Evolution»</a>. <i>PLoS ONE</i> <b>4</b> (9): e7062. <small><a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2740860">2740860</a></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19774069">19774069</a></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0007062">10.1371/journal.pone.0007062</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AArtiodactyla&amp;rft.atitle=Relationships+of+Cetacea+%28Artiodactyla%29+Among+Mammals%3A+Increased+Taxon+Sampling+Alters+Interpretations+of+Key+Fossils+and+Character+Evolution&amp;rft.au=Farke%2C+Andrew+Allen&amp;rft.au=Gatesy%2C+John&amp;rft.au=O%27Leary%2C+Maureen+A.&amp;rft.au=Spaulding%2C+Michelle&amp;rft.aufirst=Michelle&amp;rft.aulast=Spaulding&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=9&amp;rft.jtitle=PLoS+ONE&amp;rft.pages=e7062&amp;rft.volume=4&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.plosone.org%2Farticle%2Finfo%253Adoi%252F10.1371%252Fjournal.pone.0007062&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0007062&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmc%2F2740860&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19774069&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=42307&amp;is_real_user=1">Artiodactyla PBDB</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200125172334/http://www.chufpb.com.br/danmesq/Publicacoes_files/1-s2.0-S1055790318302720-main.pdf">«Cetartiodactyla: Updating a time-calibrated molecular phylogeny»</a>. Archivado desde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chufpb.com.br/danmesq/Publicacoes_files/1-s2.0-S1055790318302720-main.pdf">el original</a> el 25 de enero de 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado el 25 de enero de 2020</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AArtiodactyla&amp;rft.btitle=Cetartiodactyla%3A+Updating+a+time-calibrated+molecular+phylogeny&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chufpb.com.br%2Fdanmesq%2FPublicacoes_files%2F1-s2.0-S1055790318302720-main.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=DhchVG_rbQ8C&amp;pg=PA227&amp;lpg=PA227&amp;dq=himalayacetus+age+range&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=vCttopn6ia&amp;sig=ACfU3U0VnCUzOW26EvIS7hdcAr6hdaUw-g&amp;hl=es&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiLneK75p7kAhXlILkGHQS_B4E4ChDoATAHegQIBxAB">The Rise of Placental Mammals: Origins and Relationships of the Cetaceans</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFBeckBininda-EmondsCardilloLiu2006" class="citation publicación">Beck, Robin MD; Bininda-Emonds, Olaf RP; Cardillo, Marcel; Liu, Fu-Guo; Purvis, Andy (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/6/93">«A higher-level MRP supertree of placental mammals»</a>. <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i> <b>6</b>: 93. <small><a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1654192">1654192</a></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17101039">17101039</a></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2148-6-93">10.1186/1471-2148-6-93</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AArtiodactyla&amp;rft.atitle=A+higher-level+MRP+supertree+of+placental+mammals&amp;rft.au=Beck%2C+Robin+MD&amp;rft.au=Bininda-Emonds%2C+Olaf+RP&amp;rft.au=Cardillo%2C+Marcel&amp;rft.au=Liu%2C+Fu-Guo&amp;rft.au=Purvis%2C+Andy&amp;rft.aufirst=Robin+MD&amp;rft.aulast=Beck&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BMC+Evolutionary+Biology&amp;rft.pages=93&amp;rft.volume=6&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1471-2148%2F6%2F93&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1471-2148-6-93&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmc%2F1654192&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17101039&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFJohn_GatesyJonathan_H._GeislerJoseph_ChangCarl_Buell2012" class="citation publicación">John Gatesy; Jonathan H. Geisler; Joseph Chang; Carl Buell; Annalisa Berta; Robert W. Meredith; Mark S. Springer; Michael R. McGowen (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.montclair.edu/profilepages/media/5008/user/Gatesy_et_al._2012_A_phylogenetic_blueprint_for_a_modern_whale.pdf">«A phylogenetic blueprint for a modern whale»</a>. <i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</i> <b>66</b> (2): 479-506. <small><a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23103570">23103570</a></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2012.10.012">10.1016/j.ympev.2012.10.012</a></small><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado el 4 de septiembre de 2015</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AArtiodactyla&amp;rft.atitle=A+phylogenetic+blueprint+for+a+modern+whale&amp;rft.au=Annalisa+Berta&amp;rft.au=Carl+Buell&amp;rft.au=John+Gatesy&amp;rft.au=Jonathan+H.+Geisler&amp;rft.au=Joseph+Chang&amp;rft.au=Mark+S.+Springer&amp;rft.au=Michael+R.+McGowen&amp;rft.au=Robert+W.+Meredith&amp;rft.aulast=John+Gatesy&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=Molecular+Phylogenetics+and+Evolution&amp;rft.pages=479-506&amp;rft.volume=66&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.montclair.edu%2Fprofilepages%2Fmedia%2F5008%2Fuser%2FGatesy_et_al._2012_A_phylogenetic_blueprint_for_a_modern_whale.pdf&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2012.10.012&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23103570&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFJohn_GatesyJonathan_H._GeislerJoseph_ChangCarl_Buell2012" class="citation publicación">John Gatesy; Jonathan H. Geisler; Joseph Chang; Carl Buell; Annalisa Berta; Robert W. Meredith; Mark S. Springer; Michael R. McGowen (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.montclair.edu/profilepages/media/5008/user/Gatesy_et_al._2012_A_phylogenetic_blueprint_for_a_modern_whale.pdf">«A phylogenetic blueprint for a modern whale»</a>. <i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</i> <b>66</b> (2): 479-506. <small><a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23103570">23103570</a></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2012.10.012">10.1016/j.ympev.2012.10.012</a></small><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado el 4 de septiembre de 2015</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AArtiodactyla&amp;rft.atitle=A+phylogenetic+blueprint+for+a+modern+whale&amp;rft.au=Annalisa+Berta&amp;rft.au=Carl+Buell&amp;rft.au=John+Gatesy&amp;rft.au=Jonathan+H.+Geisler&amp;rft.au=Joseph+Chang&amp;rft.au=Mark+S.+Springer&amp;rft.au=Michael+R.+McGowen&amp;rft.au=Robert+W.+Meredith&amp;rft.aulast=John+Gatesy&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=Molecular+Phylogenetics+and+Evolution&amp;rft.pages=479-506&amp;rft.volume=66&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.montclair.edu%2Fprofilepages%2Fmedia%2F5008%2Fuser%2FGatesy_et_al._2012_A_phylogenetic_blueprint_for_a_modern_whale.pdf&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2012.10.012&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23103570&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFHassaninDouzery2003" class="citation publicación">Hassanin, A.; Douzery, E. J. P. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/10760976">«Molecular and morphological phylogenies of Ruminantia and the alternative position of the Moschidae»</a>. <i>Systematic Biology</i> <b>52</b> (2): 206-28. <small><a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12746147">12746147</a></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F10635150390192726">10.1080/10635150390192726</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AArtiodactyla&amp;rft.atitle=Molecular+and+morphological+phylogenies+of+Ruminantia+and+the+alternative+position+of+the+Moschidae&amp;rft.au=Douzery%2C+E.+J.+P.&amp;rft.au=Hassanin%2C+A.&amp;rft.aufirst=A.&amp;rft.aulast=Hassanin&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=Systematic+Biology&amp;rft.pages=206-28&amp;rft.volume=52&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F10760976&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10635150390192726&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12746147&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFUphamEsselstynJetz2019" class="citation publicación">Upham, N.S.; Esselstyn, J.A.; Jetz, W. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6892540">«Inferring the mammal tree: Species-level sets of phylogenies for questions in ecology, evolution, and conservation»</a>. <i>PLOS Biology</i> <b>17</b> (12): e3000494. <small><a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6892540">6892540</a></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31800571">31800571</a></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.3000494">10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AArtiodactyla&amp;rft.atitle=Inferring+the+mammal+tree%3A+Species-level+sets+of+phylogenies+for+questions+in+ecology%2C+evolution%2C+and+conservation&amp;rft.au=Esselstyn%2C+J.A.&amp;rft.au=Jetz%2C+W.&amp;rft.au=Upham%2C+N.S.&amp;rft.aufirst=N.S.&amp;rft.aulast=Upham&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=12&amp;rft.jtitle=PLOS+Biology&amp;rft.pages=e3000494&amp;rft.volume=17&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6892540&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.3000494&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmc%2F6892540&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31800571&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ncbi.nlm.nih.gov-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-ncbi.nlm.nih.gov_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ncbi.nlm.nih.gov_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFSpauldingO&#39;LearyGatesy2009" class="citation publicación">Spaulding, M; O'Leary, MA; Gatesy, J (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2740860">«Relationships of Cetacea (Artiodactyla) Among Mammals: Increased Taxon Sampling Alters Interpretations of Key Fossils and Character Evolution»</a>. En Farke, Andrew Allen, ed. <i>PLoS ONE</i> <b>4</b> (9): e7062. <small><a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2740860">2740860</a></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19774069">19774069</a></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0007062">10.1371/journal.pone.0007062</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AArtiodactyla&amp;rft.atitle=Relationships+of+Cetacea+%28Artiodactyla%29+Among+Mammals%3A+Increased+Taxon+Sampling+Alters+Interpretations+of+Key+Fossils+and+Character+Evolution&amp;rft.au=Gatesy%2C+J&amp;rft.au=O%27Leary%2C+MA&amp;rft.au=Spaulding%2C+M&amp;rft.aufirst=M&amp;rft.aulast=Spaulding&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=9&amp;rft.jtitle=PLoS+ONE&amp;rft.pages=e7062&amp;rft.volume=4&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2740860&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0007062&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmc%2F2740860&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19774069&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFWilson,_D._E._&amp;_Reeder,_D._M.2005" class="citation libro">Wilson, D. E. &amp; Reeder, D. M., ed. (2005). <i>Mammal Species of the World</i> (3rd edición). <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>. pp.&#160;111-184. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/0-8018-8221-4" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/0-8018-8221-4">0-8018-8221-4</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AArtiodactyla&amp;rft.btitle=Mammal+Species+of+the+World&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.edition=3rd&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-8018-8221-4&amp;rft.pages=111-184&amp;rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ScienceNews-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ScienceNews_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070304214747/http://www.sciencenewsdaily.org/story-2806.html">«Scientists find missing link between the dolphin, whale and its closest relative, the hippo»</a>. <i>Science News Daily</i>. 25 de enero de 2005. Archivado desde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencenewsdaily.org/story-2806.html">el original</a> el 4 de marzo de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado el 18 de junio de 2007</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AArtiodactyla&amp;rft.atitle=Scientists+find+missing+link+between+the+dolphin%2C+whale+and+its+closest+relative%2C+the+hippo&amp;rft.date=25+de+enero+de+2005&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Science+News+Daily&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencenewsdaily.org%2Fstory-2806.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DNA-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DNA_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFGatesy,_J.1_de_mayo_de_1997" class="citation publicación">Gatesy, J. (1 de mayo de 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/14/5/537">«More DNA support for a Cetacea/Hippopotamidae clade: the blood-clotting protein gene gamma-fibrinogen»</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Molecular_Biology_and_Evolution" title="Molecular Biology and Evolution">Molecular Biology and Evolution</a></i> <b>14</b> (5): 537-543. <small><a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9159931">9159931</a></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.molbev.a025790">10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025790</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AArtiodactyla&amp;rft.atitle=More+DNA+support+for+a+Cetacea%2FHippopotamidae+clade%3A+the+blood-clotting+protein+gene+gamma-fibrinogen&amp;rft.au=Gatesy%2C+J.&amp;rft.aulast=Gatesy%2C+J.&amp;rft.date=1+de+mayo+de+1997&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.jtitle=Molecular+Biology+and+Evolution&amp;rft.pages=537-543&amp;rft.volume=14&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmbe.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F14%2F5%2F537&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.molbev.a025790&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9159931&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Genomes-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Genomes_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFUrsing,_B._M.Arnason,_U.1998" class="citation publicación">Ursing, B. M.; Arnason, U. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1689531">«Analyses of mitochondrial genomes strongly support a hippopotamus-whale clade»</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Proceedings of the Royal Society">Proceedings of the Royal Society</a></i> <b>265</b> (1412): 2251-5. <small><a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1689531">1689531</a></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9881471">9881471</a></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.1998.0567">10.1098/rspb.1998.0567</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AArtiodactyla&amp;rft.atitle=Analyses+of+mitochondrial+genomes+strongly+support+a+hippopotamus-whale+clade&amp;rft.au=Arnason%2C+U.&amp;rft.au=Ursing%2C+B.+M.&amp;rft.aulast=Ursing%2C+B.+M.&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=1412&amp;rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society&amp;rft.pages=2251-5&amp;rft.volume=265&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1689531&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frspb.1998.0567&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmc%2F1689531&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9881471&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cetartiodactyla-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Cetartiodactyla_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFBoisserieLihoreauBrunetfebrero_de_2005" class="citation publicación">Boisserie, Jean-Renaud; Lihoreau, F.; Brunet, M. (febrero de 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181120203413/http://www.pnas.org/content/102/5/1537.full">«The position of Hippopotamidae within Cetartiodactyla»</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</a></i> <b>102</b> (5): 1537-1541. <small><a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC547867">547867</a></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15677331">15677331</a></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0409518102">10.1073/pnas.0409518102</a></small>. Archivado desde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/102/5/1537">el original</a> el 20 de noviembre de 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado el 9 de junio de 2007</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AArtiodactyla&amp;rft.atitle=The+position+of+Hippopotamidae+within+Cetartiodactyla&amp;rft.au=Boisserie%2C+Jean-Renaud&amp;rft.au=Brunet%2C+M.&amp;rft.au=Lihoreau%2C+F.&amp;rft.aufirst=Jean-Renaud&amp;rft.aulast=Boisserie&amp;rft.date=febrero+de+2005&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&amp;rft.pages=1537-1541&amp;rft.volume=102&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnas.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F102%2F5%2F1537&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0409518102&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmc%2F547867&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15677331&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://scienceblogs.com/tetrapodzoology/2010/06/artiodactyl_consensus_cladogram.php#comments">http://scienceblogs.com/tetrapodzoology/2010/06/artiodactyl_consensus_cladogram.php#comments</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120516114459/http://scienceblogs.com/tetrapodzoology/2010/06/artiodactyl_consensus_cladogram.php">Archivado</a> el 16 de mayo de 2012 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sal-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-sal_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Salvat, M. (director). <i>Enciclopedia Salvat de las Ciencias. Tomo 6, Animales Vertebrados</i>. Ed. Salvat, Pamplona.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-you-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-you_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Young, J. Z. 1977. <i>La vida de los vertebrados</i>. Editorial Omega, Barcelona, 660 pp. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/8428202060" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 84-282-0206-0</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enlaces_externos">Enlaces externos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artiodactyla&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Editar sección: Enlaces externos"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/15px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/23px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/30px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> tiene un artículo sobre <b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Artiodactyla" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Artiodactyla">Artiodactyla</a></b>.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> alberga una categoría multimedia sobre <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Artiodactyla" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Artiodactyla">Artiodactyla</a></b>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/stream/faunaibricamam00cabr#page/296/mode/2up">Artiodactyla</a> en <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/faunaibricamam00cabr">"Fauna ibérica; mamíferos"</a>. <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_Cabrera_Latorre" title="Ángel Cabrera Latorre">Ángel Cabrera Latorre</a>. 1914. <a href="/wiki/Facs%C3%ADmil" title="Facsímil">Facsímil</a> electrónico.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r161257576">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox table{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{display:flex;padding:0.5em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#eeeeff}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d);color:var(--color-base,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid 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.navbox-list{border-color:#202122!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#27292d!important}}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Control_de_autoridades" title="Control de autoridades">Control de autoridades</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Proyectos Wikimedia</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25329" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q25329">Q25329</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Artiodactyla">Artiodactyla</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&amp;search=%22Q25329%22">Q25329</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies"><img alt="Wikispecies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/15px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/23px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/30px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> Especies:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Artiodactyla" class="extiw" title="species:Artiodactyla">Artiodactyla</a></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identificadores</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Francia" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Francia">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120987098">120987098</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120987098">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4173047-1">4173047-1</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85008262">sh85008262</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_la_Dieta" title="Biblioteca Nacional de la Dieta">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00562663">00562663</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Checa" title="Biblioteca Nacional de la República Checa">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ph116332">ph116332</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Israel" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Israel">NLI</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007295089105171">987007295089105171</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Architecture_Thesaurus" title="Art &amp; Architecture Thesaurus">AAT</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&amp;logic=AND&amp;note=&amp;subjectid=300310321">300310321</a></span></li> <li><b>Diccionarios y enciclopedias</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Brit%C3%A1nica" title="Enciclopedia Británica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/animal/artiodactyl">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Bases de datos taxonómicas</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Artiodactyla/">Artiodactyla</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BOLD:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=304">304</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Dyntaxa" title="Dyntaxa">Dyntaxa</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dyntaxa.se/taxon/info/3000305">3000305</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_de_la_vida" title="Enciclopedia de la vida">EOL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/7678">7678</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:12644">12644</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/731">731</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">iNaturalist:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/152870">152870</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sistema_Integrado_de_Informaci%C3%B3n_Taxon%C3%B3mica" title="Sistema Integrado de Información Taxonómica">ITIS</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&amp;search_value=180692">180692</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mammal_Species_of_the_World" title="Mammal Species of the World">MSW</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&amp;id=14200001">14200001</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Centro_Nacional_para_la_Informaci%C3%B3n_Biotecnol%C3%B3gica" title="Centro Nacional para la Información Biotecnológica">NCBI</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&amp;id=91561">91561</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/0/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&amp;taxon_no=42307">42307</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Registro_Mundial_de_Especies_Marinas" title="Registro Mundial de Especies Marinas">WoRMS</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=993623">993623</a></span></li> <li><b>Identificadores médicos</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D001188">D001188</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25329" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q25329">Q25329</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Artiodactyla">Artiodactyla</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&amp;search=%22Q25329%22">Q25329</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies"><img alt="Wikispecies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/15px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/23px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/30px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> Especies:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Artiodactyla" class="extiw" title="species:Artiodactyla">Artiodactyla</a></span></li></ul> </div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐6dfbdd4564‐f6tm7 Cached time: 20241127233927 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.717 seconds Real time usage: 0.968 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 22452/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 253356/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 9842/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 30/100 Expensive parser function count: 22/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 92127/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.351/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7150750/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 23/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 793.670 1 -total 45.95% 364.683 1 Plantilla:Control_de_autoridades 33.37% 264.851 26 Plantilla:Clade 30.59% 242.800 1 Plantilla:Ficha_de_taxón 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