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<span class="meta__author meta__author--header" id="js-authors-list"> Par <a class="article__author-link" href="/signataires/martine-valo/">Martine Valo</a> </span> </p> <section class="meta__date-reading"> <span class="meta__date meta__date--header">Publié le 10 octobre 2013 à 14h50, modifié le 10 octobre 2013 à 15h09</span> <p class="meta__reading-time meta__reading-time--header"> <span class="icon__reading-time"></span> <span><span class="sr-only">Temps de </span>Lecture 3 min.</span> </p> </section> <div class="share-btns meta meta__social "> <button class="js-lmd-modal-gift-not-sub-toggler lmd-btn-rounded lmd-btn-rounded--secondary lmd-btn-rounded--m" aria-label="Offrir l’article" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="lmd-dropdown-gift-article-sender"> <span class="icon__gift mr1"></span> Offrir l’article </button> <button class="js-lmd-dropdown-favorite-toggler lmd-btn-icon lmd-btn-icon--tertiary lmd-btn-icon--m" data-position="top" data-status="" 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prévoit d’implanter une scierie et un incinérateur produisant de l’électricité. Des militants écologistes s’opposent à son défrichement. " width="664" height="443"> <img src="https://img.lemde.fr/2013/06/03/0/0/1024/677/664/0/75/0/ill_3422712_1a79_04-06bois_x1p1.jpg" alt="Le bois de Tronçay, dans la Nièvre, où la société Erscia prévoit d’implanter une scierie et un incinérateur produisant de l’électricité. Des militants écologistes s’opposent à son défrichement. " sizes="(min-width: 1024px) 556px, 100vw" width="664" height="443"> </picture> <noscript> <img src="https://img.lemde.fr/2013/06/03/0/0/1024/677/664/0/75/0/ill_3422712_1a79_04-06bois_x1p1.jpg" alt="Le bois de Tronçay, dans la Nièvre, où la société Erscia prévoit d’implanter une scierie et un incinérateur produisant de l’électricité. Des militants écologistes s’opposent à son défrichement. "> </noscript> <figcaption class="article__legend" aria-hidden="true">Le bois de Tronçay, dans la Nièvre, où la société Erscia prévoit d’implanter une scierie et un incinérateur produisant de l’électricité. Des militants écologistes s’opposent à son défrichement. <span class="article__credit" aria-hidden="true">PIERRE GLEIZES/REA/PIERRE GLEIZES/REA</span> </figcaption> </figure> <div id="inread_top" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread_top" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">L'arrêt du Conseil d'Etat est tombé comme un couperet mercredi 9 octobre :  le projet de scierie industrielle Erscia (Energies renouvelables et sciages de France) ne verra pas le jour dans la Nièvre. Le pôle industriel bois de Sardy-lès-Erpidy devait se composer d'un site de découpe de résineux d'une capacité à terme de 500 000 m<sup>3</sup> couplé à une centrale thermique de cogénération d'une puissance de 12 mégawatts fonctionnant à partir de la biomasse du bois et d'une unité de production de granulats.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Il était prévu que cette zone d'activités accueille quelques entreprises supplémentaires d'exploitation forestière et que cette future "Wood Valley" du Morvan occuperait 110 hectares dans la forêt de Tronçay. Les premières tronçonneuses devaient entrer en action en novembre.</p> <div id="inread" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">Le Conseil d'Etat en a décidé autrement. Certes ce projet, en partie public – soutenu par nombre d'élus locaux –, présente un intérêt pour la collectivité puisque ses promoteurs annoncent la création de 126 emplois directs et au moins le double de manière indirecte. Mais il ne comprend pas de <em>"raisons impératives d'intérêt majeur"</em>, ce qui ne lui donne donc pas le droit de déroger à la directive européenne de 1992 sur l'habitat de la faune, transcrite depuis dans le code de l'environnement français. Il lui manque cette condition sine qua none, estime la haute juridiction administrative, pour obtenir une autorisation d'<em>"aménagement à détruire, altérer, dégrader des sites de reproduction ou d'aires de repos d'animaux et de transports d'espèces animales"</em>.</p> <p class="article__paragraph "><strong>UNE NOUVELLE "ZONE À DÉFENDRE"</strong></p> <section class="inread js-services-inread"> <div class="inread__headline"> <span>Newsletter</span> </div> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/newsletters/chaleur-humaine/" class="inread__link js-services-inread-link" target="_blank"> <div class="inread__title">« Chaleur humaine »</div> <div class="inread__desc">Comment faire face au défi climatique ? Chaque semaine, nos meilleurs articles sur le sujet</div> <div class="inread__cta">S'inscrire</div> </a> </section> <p class="article__paragraph ">Dès le début, en 2010, la future installation industrielle, bien que présentée comme un exemple de production d'énergie verte, <a href="http://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2013/06/03/entre-promesses-d-emplois-et-craintes-de-pollution-une-scierie-divise-le-morvan_3422813_3234.html">a été combattue par des écologistes et des associations locales de défense de la nature</a>, qui lui reprochent sa démesure et son effet dévastateur sur les massifs forestiers du Morvan, alors que la région compte de nombreux sites industriels abandonnés.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Pétitions, réunions publiques, rencontre chez le ministre du redressement productif, Arnaud Montebourg – natif de la Nièvre et favorable à la Wood Valley –, le projet a suivi l'itinéraire chaotique des grands chantiers contestés. Le site a ainsi été occupé l'hiver dernier par des opposants déterminés à instituer une nouvelle <em>"zone à défendre"</em> dans la forêt de Tronçay et promis une <em>"Notre-Dame-des-Bois"</em> aussi radicale que celle des Landes en Loire-Atlantique.</p> <div id="inread-2" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph "><strong>PIPISTRELLE DE KUHL ET MURIN À MOUSTACHE</strong></p> <div id="inread-3" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">Ce n'est pourtant pas dans les bois, mais sur le terrain judiciaire que le combat décisif s'est joué une fois encore. Au nom de la préservation de la faune locale, – pic vert, pic mar et épeichette, pipistrelle commune et de Kuhl, murin à moustache et pas mal d'amphibiens, pour ne parler que des espèces protégées –, des associations, notamment Loire vivante et France nature environnement (FNE) –, ont attaqué le feu vert donné par la préfète de la Nièvre autorisant à raser quelques premiers hectares de forêt et à priver oiseaux et chiroptères de leurs habitats.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Cet arrêté – remanié à plusieurs reprises et signé le 31 janvier 2013 –, avait beau imposer quelques mesures de compensation, il n'a pas convaincu le tribunal administratif de Dijon qui a rendu sa décision en référé, le 27 février, in extremis avant le début des coupes claires. Faute de <em>"raisons impératives d'intérêt majeur"</em>, le juge l'a annulé. Les promoteurs du projet – Erscia France et la société d'économie mixte Nièvre aménagement – se sont alors tournés vers le Conseil d'Etat. Pas seuls : la ministre de l'écologie d'alors, Delphine Batho, avait joint sa voix à la leur.</p> <div id="inread-4" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph "><em>"Cet avis marque un changement de jurisprudence du Conseil d'Etat, </em>observe Benoist Busson, avocat de FNE<em>. Il y a certes d'autres décisions qui ont abouti à l'abandon de futurs chantiers au nom de la directive habitat et de la faune, mais ils étaient défendus par des promoteurs privés. Cette fois, le Conseil d'Etat a contrecarré un projet de politique publique. Mettre en avant la création d'emplois ne suffit plus, on peut donc s'attendre à ce que les contentieux se multiplient à l'avenir."</em></p> <section class="catcher catcher--favoris"> <div class="catcher__content"><span class="catcher__title catcher__title--hide">Lire aussi :</span><span class="catcher__desc"> <span class="icon__premium"><span class="sr-only">Article réservé à nos abonnés</span></span> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2013/06/03/un-rapport-pour-relancer-la-filiere-bois-en-france_3422812_3234.html" class="js-article-read-also catcher--favoris__link" data-premium="1">Un rapport pour relancer la filière bois en France</a> </span> </div> <div class="catcher__favorite"> <button class="lmd-btn-icon lmd-btn-icon--primary lmd-btn-icon--m js-lmd-dropdown-favorite-toggler" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="lmd-dropdown-favorite" aria-label="Lire plus tard" data-article-id="329077" data-position="lire aussi" 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