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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bilateral_agreements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bilateral_agreements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Bilateral agreements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bilateral_agreements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-North-South_Joint_Communiqué,_1972" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North-South_Joint_Communiqué,_1972"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>North-South Joint Communiqué, 1972</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North-South_Joint_Communiqué,_1972-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June_15th_North–South_Joint_Declaration,_2000" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June_15th_North–South_Joint_Declaration,_2000"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>June 15th North–South Joint Declaration, 2000</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June_15th_North–South_Joint_Declaration,_2000-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October_4th_Declaration,_2007" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October_4th_Declaration,_2007"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>October 4th Declaration, 2007</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October_4th_Declaration,_2007-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Panmunjom_Declaration,_2018" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Panmunjom_Declaration,_2018"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Panmunjom Declaration, 2018</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Panmunjom_Declaration,_2018-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internationally" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internationally"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Internationally</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internationally-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Current status</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Current_status-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Current status subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Current_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2018–19_Korean_peace_process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018–19_Korean_peace_process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>2018–19 Korean peace process</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018–19_Korean_peace_process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_North's_abandonment_of_peaceful_reunification;_the_South_revises_plan_(2024–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_North's_abandonment_of_peaceful_reunification;_the_South_revises_plan_(2024–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>The North's abandonment of peaceful reunification; the South revises plan (2024–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_North's_abandonment_of_peaceful_reunification;_the_South_revises_plan_(2024–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_opinion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Public opinion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strategies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strategies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Strategies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Strategies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Strategies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Strategies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sunshine_Policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sunshine_Policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Sunshine Policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sunshine_Policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Opponents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opponents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Opponents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opponents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Three_Charters_for_National_Reunification,_1997" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Three_Charters_for_National_Reunification,_1997"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>The Three Charters for National Reunification, 1997</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Three_Charters_for_National_Reunification,_1997-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Three_Principles_for_National_Reunification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Three_Principles_for_National_Reunification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Three Principles for National Reunification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Three_Principles_for_National_Reunification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ten_Point_Programme_for_Reunification_of_the_Country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ten_Point_Programme_for_Reunification_of_the_Country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>Ten Point Programme for Reunification of the Country</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ten_Point_Programme_for_Reunification_of_the_Country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plan_for_founding_the_Democratic_Confederal_Republic_of_Koryo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plan_for_founding_the_Democratic_Confederal_Republic_of_Koryo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3</span> <span>Plan for founding the Democratic Confederal Republic of Koryo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plan_for_founding_the_Democratic_Confederal_Republic_of_Koryo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reunification_tax,_2011" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reunification_tax,_2011"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Reunification tax, 2011</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reunification_tax,_2011-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Korean_Economic_Community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Korean_Economic_Community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Korean Economic Community</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Korean_Economic_Community-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reunification_Investment_Fund" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reunification_Investment_Fund"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Reunification Investment Fund</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reunification_Investment_Fund-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>International positions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_positions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International positions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soviet_Union_and_Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soviet_Union_and_Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Soviet Union and Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soviet_Union_and_Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>United Nations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Implications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Implications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Implications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Implications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Korean reunification</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="التوحيد الكوري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التوحيد الكوري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8" title="কোরীয় পুনর্মিলন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কোরীয় পুনর্মিলন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A2n-kok_%C3%AA_ch%C3%A0i-th%C3%B3ng-it" title="Hân-kok ê chài-thóng-it – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hân-kok ê chài-thóng-it" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Обединение на Корея – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Обединение на Корея" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reunificaci%C3%B3_coreana" title="Reunificació coreana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Reunificació coreana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreanische_Wiedervereinigung" title="Koreanische Wiedervereinigung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Koreanische Wiedervereinigung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%AF%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ενοποίηση της Κορέας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ενοποίηση της Κορέας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reunificaci%C3%B3n_de_Corea" title="Reunificación de Corea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reunificación de Corea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%87" title="اتحاد کره – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اتحاد کره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9unification_de_la_Cor%C3%A9e" title="Réunification de la Corée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Réunification de la Corée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EB%B6%81%ED%86%B5%EC%9D%BC" title="남북통일 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="남북통일" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Կորեայի վերամիավորում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կորեայի վերամիավորում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyatuan_kembali_Korea" title="Penyatuan kembali Korea – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penyatuan kembali Korea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progetto_di_riunificazione_coreana" title="Progetto di riunificazione coreana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Progetto di riunificazione coreana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%94" title="איחוד קוריאה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איחוד קוריאה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reunificazion_coreana" title="Reunificazion coreana – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Reunificazion coreana" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_%C3%BAjraegyes%C3%ADt%C3%A9se" title="Korea újraegyesítése – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Korea újraegyesítése" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyatuan_semula_Korea" title="Penyatuan semula Korea – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penyatuan semula Korea" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreaanse_hereniging" title="Koreaanse hereniging – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koreaanse hereniging" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="朝鮮統一問題 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="朝鮮統一問題" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreansk_gjenforening" title="Koreansk gjenforening – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Koreansk gjenforening" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%8F%DA%91_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="کوریائی مُڑ اتحاد – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کوریائی مُڑ اتحاد" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="د کوریا اتحاد – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د کوریا اتحاد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zjednoczenie_Korei" title="Zjednoczenie Korei – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zjednoczenie Korei" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reunifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Coreia" title="Reunificação da Coreia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reunificação da Coreia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reunificarea_Coreei" title="Reunificarea Coreei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Reunificarea Coreei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8" title="Объединение Кореи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Объединение Кореи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_reunification" title="Korean reunification – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Korean reunification" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Уједињење Кореје – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Уједињење Кореје" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreas_%C3%A5terf%C3%B6rening" title="Koreas återförening – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Koreas återförening" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reunipikasyon_ng_Korea" title="Reunipikasyon ng Korea – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Reunipikasyon ng Korea" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="การรวมชาติเกาหลี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การรวมชาติเกาหลี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kore%27nin_yeniden_birle%C5%9Fmesi" title="Kore'nin yeniden birleşmesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kore'nin yeniden birleşmesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%27%D1%94%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%97" title="Об'єднання Кореї – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Об'єднання Кореї" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Potential unification of North and South Korea into a single Korean state</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Unified Korea" redirects here. For the unified sports teams of North and South Korea, see <a href="/wiki/Unified_Korean_sporting_teams" title="Unified Korean sporting teams">Unified Korean sporting teams</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox" style="width: 22em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Korean reunification</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg/250px-Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg/330px-Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg/500px-Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Unification_Flag" title="Korean Unification Flag">Korean Unification Flag</a></div></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de;">Korean name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 1rem;"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">남북통일</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 1rem;"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">南北統一</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">Revised Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">Nambuk tongil</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">McCune–Reischauer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="McCune–Reischauer transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">Nambuk t'ongil</i></span></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output 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3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Korean_nationalism" title="Category:Korean nationalism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#0084c9; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em;"><a href="/wiki/Korean_nationalism" title="Korean nationalism"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Korean nationalism</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg/250px-Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg/330px-Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg/500px-Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Unification_Flag" title="Korean Unification Flag">Korean Unification Flag</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">Conservative</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ilminism" title="Ilminism">Ilminism</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_communism" title="National communism">Communist</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Left-wing</a> <ul><li>National Liberation</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Korean_nationalism#Ethnic_nationalism" title="Korean nationalism">Minjok</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_nationalism#State-aligned_nationalism" title="Korean nationalism">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Principles_of_the_Equality" title="Three Principles of the Equality">Three Principles of the Equality</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment_in_Korea" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment in Korea">Anti-Japanese sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Han_(cultural)" title="Han (cultural)">Han</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_diaspora" title="Korean diaspora">Korean diaspora</a> <ul><li><i><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%99%ED%8F%AC" class="extiw" title="ko:동포">Dangpo</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_mythology" title="Korean mythology">Korean mythology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minjok_jeonggi" title="Minjok jeonggi">Minjok jeonggi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonialism" title="Postcolonialism">Postcolonialism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reunification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_independence_movement" title="Korean independence movement">Korean independence movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_Tenth_Movement" title="June Tenth Movement">June Tenth Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1st_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1st Movement">March 1st Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3_Resistance_movement" title="June 3 Resistance movement">June 3 Resistance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4_South%E2%80%93North_Joint_Statement" title="July 4 South–North Joint Statement">July 4 South–North Joint Statement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15th_North%E2%80%93South_Joint_Declaration" title="June 15th North–South Joint Declaration">June 15th North–South Joint Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Korean_summits" title="Inter-Korean summits">Inter-Korean summits</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahn_Chang_Ho" title="Ahn Chang Ho">Ahn Chang Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choe_Nam-seon" title="Choe Nam-seon">Choe Nam-seon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin_Chae-ho" title="Shin Chae-ho">Shin Chae-ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yun_Dong-ju" title="Yun Dong-ju">Yun Dong-ju</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hwang_Jang-yop" title="Hwang Jang-yop">Hwang Jang-yop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Jae-yeon_(politician)" title="Kim Jae-yeon (politician)">Kim Jae-yeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Il" title="Kim Jong Il">Kim Jong Il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">Kim Jong Un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Ku" title="Kim Ku">Kim Ku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Yo-jong" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim Yo-jong">Kim Yo-jong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwon_Young-ghil" title="Kwon Young-ghil">Kwon Young-ghil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Beom-seok_(prime_minister)" title="Lee Beom-seok (prime minister)">Lee Beom-seok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Jae-myung" title="Lee Jae-myung">Lee Jae-myung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lim_Su-kyung" title="Lim Su-kyung">Lim Su-kyung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyuh_Woon-hyung" title="Lyuh Woon-hyung">Lyuh Woon-hyung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Jae-in" title="Moon Jae-in">Moon Jae-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Eun-sik" title="Park Eun-sik">Park Eun-sik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Chung_Hee" title="Park Chung Hee">Park Chung Hee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syngman_Rhee" title="Syngman Rhee">Syngman Rhee</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Activists (after 1945)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%EA%B8%B0%EC%99%84" class="extiw" title="ko:백기완">Baek Ki-wan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Ou-joon" title="Kim Ou-joon">Kim Ou-joon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lim_Su-kyung" title="Lim Su-kyung">Lim Su-kyung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Ik-hwan" title="Moon Ik-hwan">Moon Ik-hwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Myung_Moon" title="Sun Myung Moon">Sun Myung Moon</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(South_Korea,_2015)" title="Democratic Party (South Korea, 2015)">Democratic Party</a> (factions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Unification_Party" title="Liberal Unification Party">Liberal Unification Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(South_Korea,_2017)" title="Progressive Party (South Korea, 2017)">Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Workers' Party of Korea">Workers' Party</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Inactive or defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Labor_Party_(South_Korea)" title="Democratic Labor Party (South Korea)">Democratic Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Club" title="Independence Club">Independence Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_National_Party" title="Korean National Party">Korean National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Nationalist_Party" title="Korea Nationalist Party">Korea Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(South_Korea)" title="Liberal Party (South Korea)">Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Independence_Federation" title="National Independence Federation">National Independence Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Progressive_Party" title="Unified Progressive Party">Unified Progressive Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Historical_Truth_and_Justice" title="Center for Historical Truth and Justice">Center for Historical Truth and Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Association" title="Liberation Association">Liberation Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nodutdol" title="Nodutdol">Nodutdol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_Church" title="Unification Church">Unification Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_Agency_Network_of_Korea" title="Voluntary Agency Network of Korea">Voluntary Agency Network</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Inactive or defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21C_Korea_College_Students%27_Union" title="21C Korea College Students' Union">21C Korea College Students' Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Imperialist_National_Democratic_Front" title="Anti-Imperialist National Democratic Front">Anti-Imperialist National Democratic Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Peaceful_Reunification_of_the_Fatherland" title="Committee for the Peaceful Reunification of the Fatherland">Committee for the Peaceful Reunification</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hanchongnyon" title="Hanchongnyon">Hanchongnyon</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_National_Youth_Association" title="Korean National Youth Association">Korean National Youth Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Shirts_Society" title="White Shirts Society">White Shirts Society</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hankyoreh" title="The Hankyoreh">The Hankyoreh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rodong_Sinmun" title="Rodong Sinmun">Rodong Sinmun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tongil_News" title="Tongil News">Tongil News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_the_People_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Voice of the People (website)">Voice of the People</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Anniversary</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Foundation_Day_(Korea)" title="National Foundation Day (Korea)">Gaecheonjeol</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Day_of_Korea" title="National Liberation Day of Korea">Gwangbokjeol</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangeul_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Hangeul Day"><i>Hangeul</i> Day</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/March_First_Movement#Commemorations" title="March First Movement">Samiljeol</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Symbolism</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Korean_flags" title="List of Korean flags">Korean flags</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_North_Korea" title="Flag of North Korea">Blue and Red National Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_South_Korea" title="Flag of South Korea">Taegeukgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Unification_Flag" title="Korean Unification Flag">Unification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paektu_Mountain" title="Paektu Mountain">Paektu Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taegeuk" title="Taegeuk">Taegeuk</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/White_clothing_in_Korea#Symbolism" title="White clothing in Korea">White-clothed people</a>"</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Debate</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i>Bukjin Tongil</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cleanest_Race" title="The Cleanest Race">The Cleanest Race</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiandao" title="Jiandao">Gando dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goguryeo_controversies" title="Goguryeo controversies">Goguryeo controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socotra_Rock" title="Socotra Rock">Ieodo dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_disputes" title="Japan–Korea disputes">Japan–Korea disputes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liancourt_Rocks_dispute" title="Liancourt Rocks dispute">Dokdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_claim_to_Tsushima_Island" title="Korean claim to Tsushima Island">Daemado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Japan_naming_dispute" title="Sea of Japan naming dispute">Korean Eastern Sea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_nationalist_historiography" title="Korean nationalist historiography">Korean nationalist historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_Theory_of_the_Provisional_Government" title="Legitimacy Theory of the Provisional Government">Legitimacy Theory of the Provisional Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noktundo" title="Noktundo">Noktundo dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parangcho" title="Parangcho">Parangcho dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_North_Korea" title="Propaganda in North Korea">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_South_Korea" title="Propaganda in South Korea">South</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Activists_for_Korean_independence" title="Category:Activists for Korean independence">Activists for Korean independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-American_sentiment_in_Korea" title="Anti-American sentiment in Korea">Anti-Americanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment_in_Korea" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment in Korea">Anti-Chinese sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreacentrism" title="Koreacentrism">Koreacentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Korean_independence_movement_organizations" title="Category:Korean independence movement organizations">Korean independence movement organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunshine_Policy" title="Sunshine Policy">Sunshine Policy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/20px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_Korea" title="Portal:North Korea">North Korea portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/20px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:South_Korea" title="Portal:South Korea">South Korea portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Korean_nationalism" title="Template:Korean nationalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Korean_nationalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Korean nationalism (page does not 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="width:20em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_North_Korea" title="Politics of North Korea">Politics of North Korea</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg/125px-Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg/188px-Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg/250px-Emblem_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base);border-top:none;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_North_Korea" title="Constitution of North Korea">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><i> <a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></i><span class="nowrap">  </span>(state ideology)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Songun" title="Songun">Songun</a></i><span class="nowrap">  </span>("military-first" policy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eternal_leaders_of_North_Korea" title="Eternal leaders of North Korea">Eternal leaders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Il" title="Kim Jong Il">Kim Jong Il</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Workers' Party of Korea">Workers' Party of Korea</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;padding-top:0;"><b> <a href="/wiki/National_meetings_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="National meetings of the Workers' Party of Korea">Congress</a> (<a href="/wiki/8th_Congress_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="8th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea">8th</a>)</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea">General Secretary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Leader_(North_Korean_title)" title="Supreme Leader (North Korean title)">Supreme Leader</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">Kim Jong Un</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Floor_Secretariat" title="Third Floor Secretariat">Personal Secretariat</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rules_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Rules of the Workers' Party of Korea">Rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea">Central Committee</a> (<a href="/wiki/8th_Central_Committee_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="8th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea">8th</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea">Politburo</a> (<a href="/wiki/8th_Politburo_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="8th Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea">8th</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Politburo_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Presidium of the Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea">Presidium</a> (<a href="/wiki/8th_Presidium_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="8th Presidium of the Workers' Party of Korea">8th</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">Kim Jong Un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choe_Ryong-hae" title="Choe Ryong-hae">Choe Ryong-hae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Yong-won" title="Jo Yong-won">Jo Yong-won</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Tok-hun" title="Kim Tok-hun">Kim Tok-hun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ri_Pyong-chol" title="Ri Pyong-chol">Ri Pyong-chol</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Secretariat of the Workers' Party of Korea">Secretariat</a> (<a href="/wiki/8th_Secretariat_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="8th Secretariat of the Workers' Party of Korea">8th</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea">Central Military Commission</a> (<a href="/wiki/8th_Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="8th Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea">8th</a>) <ul><li>Chairman <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">Kim Jong Un</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vice Chairman <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ri_Yong-gil" title="Ri Yong-gil">Ri Yong-gil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ri_Pyong-chol" title="Ri Pyong-chol">Ri Pyong-chol</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Auditing_Commission_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Central Auditing Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea">Central Auditing Commission</a> (<a href="/wiki/8th_Central_Auditing_Commission_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="8th Central Auditing Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea">8th</a>) <ul><li>Chairman <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Jae-ryong" title="Kim Jae-ryong">Kim Jae-ryong</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_and_Guidance_Department" title="Organization and Guidance Department">Organization and Guidance Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_and_Agitation_Department" title="Propaganda and Agitation Department">Propaganda and Agitation Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Front_Department_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="United Front Department of the Workers' Party of Korea">United Front Department</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Assembly" title="Supreme People's Assembly">Supreme People's Assembly</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;padding-top:0;"><b> <a href="/wiki/14th_Supreme_People%27s_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="14th Supreme People's Assembly">14th term</a> </b> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Supreme_People%27s_Assembly" title="Chairman of the Supreme People's Assembly">Chairman</a></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pak_In-chol_(politician)" title="Pak In-chol (politician)">Pak In-chol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_Supreme_People%27s_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly">Standing Committee</a> (<a href="/wiki/14th_Standing_Committee_of_the_Supreme_People%27s_Assembly" title="14th Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly">14th</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Standing_Committee_of_the_Supreme_People%27s_Assembly" title="Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly">Chairman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choe_Ryong-hae" title="Choe Ryong-hae">Choe Ryong-hae</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_North_Korea" title="Judiciary of North Korea">Judiciary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Court_(North_Korea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Court (North Korea)">Central Court</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Central_Court&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Central Court (page does not exist)">14th</a>) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_Central_Court&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President of the Central Court (page does not exist)">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kang_Yun-sok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kang Yun-sok (page does not exist)">Kang Yun-sok</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Public_Prosecutors_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Public Prosecutors Office (page does not exist)">Central Public Prosecutors</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_Central_Public_Prosecutors_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th Central Public Prosecutors Office (page does not exist)">14th</a>) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Director_of_the_Central_Public_Prosecutors_Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Director of the Central Public Prosecutors Office (page does not exist)">Director</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_Myong-gil_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kim Myong-gil (politician) (page does not exist)">Kim Myong-gil</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/State_Affairs_Commission_of_North_Korea" title="State Affairs Commission of North Korea">State Affairs Commission</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;padding-top:0;"><b> <a href="/wiki/14th_State_Affairs_Commission" title="14th State Affairs Commission">14th term</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_State_Affairs_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the State Affairs Commission">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">Kim Jong Un</a></li></ul></li> <li>First Vice President <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choe_Ryong-hae" title="Choe Ryong-hae">Choe Ryong-hae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vice President <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Tok-hun" title="Kim Tok-hun">Kim Tok-hun</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b> <a href="/wiki/State_Affairs_Commission_of_North_Korea#Powers_and_responsibilities" title="State Affairs Commission of North Korea">Organizations</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(North_Korea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Defence (North Korea)">Ministry of National Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Security_(North_Korea)" title="Ministry of State Security (North Korea)">Ministry of State Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Security_(North_Korea)" title="Ministry of Social Security (North Korea)">Ministry of Social Security</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Sports_Guidance_Committee_(North_Korea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Sports Guidance Committee (North Korea) (page does not exist)">National Sports Guidance Committee</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_North_Korea" title="Cabinet of North Korea">Cabinet</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;padding-top:0;"><b> <a href="/wiki/14th_Cabinet_of_North_Korea" title="14th Cabinet of North Korea">14th term</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_North_Korea" title="Premier of North Korea">Premier</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pak_Thae-song" title="Pak Thae-song">Pak Thae-song</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Premier_of_North_Korea" title="Vice Premier of North Korea">Vice Premier</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pak_Jong-gun" title="Pak Jong-gun">Pak Jong-gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Hyon-chol" title="Jon Hyon-chol">Jon Hyon-chol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kim_Song-ryong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kim Song-ryong (page does not exist)">Kim Song-ryong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ri_Song-hak" title="Ri Song-hak">Ri Song-hak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pak_Hun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pak Hun (page does not exist)">Pak Hun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ju_Chol-gyu" title="Ju Chol-gyu">Ju Chol-gyu</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_North_Korea#Structure" title="Cabinet of North Korea">Cabinet Ministries</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Sport_(North_Korea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Sport (North Korea) (page does not exist)">Ministry of Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(North_Korea)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (North Korea)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Chemical_Industry_(North_Korea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Chemical Industry (North Korea) (page does not exist)">Ministry of Chemical Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Land,_Infrastructure_and_Transport_(North_Korea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (North Korea) (page does not exist)">Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Metal_Industry_(North_Korea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Metal Industry (North Korea) (page does not exist)">Ministry of Metal Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Machinery_Industry_(North_Korea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Machinery Industry (North Korea) (page does not exist)">Ministry of Machinery Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Urban_Management_(North_Korea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Urban Management (North Korea) (page does not exist)">Ministry of Urban Management</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Land,_Sea_and_Maritime_Affairs_(North_Korea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Land, Sea and Maritime Affairs (North Korea) (page does not exist)">Ministry of Land, Sea and Maritime Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Forestry_(North_Korea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Forestry (North Korea) (page does not exist)">Ministry of Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Economic_Relations" title="Ministry of External Economic Relations">Ministry of External Economic Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Education_(North_Korea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Education (North Korea) (page does not exist)">Ministry of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Culture_(North_Korea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Culture (North Korea) (page does not exist)">Ministry of Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Labor_(North_Korea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Labor (North Korea) (page does not exist)">Ministry of Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Commerce_(North_Korea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Commerce (North Korea) (page does not exist)">Ministry of Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Coal_Industry_(North_Korea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Coal Industry (North Korea) (page does not exist)">Ministry of Coal Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Shipbuilding_and_Marine_Engineering_(North_Korea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering (North Korea) (page does not exist)">Ministry of Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Fisheries_(North_Korea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Fisheries (North Korea) (page does not exist)">Ministry of Fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Atomic_Energy_(North_Korea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Atomic Energy (North Korea) (page does not exist)">Ministry of Atomic Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(North_Korea)" title="Ministry of Finance (North Korea)">Ministry of Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Electric_Power_Industry_(North_Korea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Electric Power Industry (North Korea) (page does not exist)">Ministry of Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Information_Industry_(North_Korea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Information Industry (North Korea) (page does not exist)">Ministry of Information Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Local_Industry_(North_Korea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Local Industry (North Korea) (page does not exist)">Ministry of Local Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Mining_Industry_(North_Korea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Mining Industry (North Korea) (page does not exist)">Ministry of Mining Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_State_Railway" title="Korean State Railway">Ministry of Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Construction_and_Building_Materials_Industry_(North_Korea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Construction and Building Materials Industry (North Korea) (page does not exist)">Ministry of Construction and Building Materials Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Light_Industry_(North_Korea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Light Industry (North Korea) (page does not exist)">Ministry of Light Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_State_Construction_Supervision_(North_Korea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of State Construction Supervision (North Korea) (page does not exist)">Ministry of State Construction Supervision</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_National_Resources_Development_(North_Korea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of National Resources Development (North Korea) (page does not exist)">Ministry of National Resources Development</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_North_Korea" title="Elections in North Korea">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;padding-top:0;"> <ul><li>Recent elections <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Parliamentary: <a href="/wiki/2014_North_Korean_parliamentary_election" title="2014 North Korean parliamentary election">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_North_Korean_parliamentary_election" title="2019 North Korean parliamentary election">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Next_North_Korean_parliamentary_election" title="Next North Korean parliamentary election"><i>next</i></a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Local: <a href="/wiki/2015_North_Korean_local_elections" title="2015 North Korean local elections">2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_North_Korean_local_elections" title="2019 North Korean local elections">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2023_North_Korean_local_elections" title="2023 North Korean local elections">2023</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_North_Korea" title="Administrative divisions of North Korea">Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><b>First-level</b> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_North_Korea" title="Provinces of North Korea">Provinces</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Special_cities_of_North_Korea" title="Special cities of North Korea">Special cities</a></dd></dl></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_second-level_administrative_divisions_of_North_Korea" title="List of second-level administrative divisions of North Korea">Second-level</a></b> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_North_Korea" title="List of cities in North Korea">cities</a></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_second-level_administrative_divisions_of_North_Korea" title="List of second-level administrative divisions of North Korea">Kun</a></i><span class="nowrap">  </span><span style="font-size: 85%;">(county)</span></dd></dl></li> <li><b>Third-level</b> <dl><dd><i><a href="/wiki/Eup_(administrative_division)" title="Eup (administrative division)">Eup</a></i><span class="nowrap">  </span>(town)</dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Dong_(administrative_division)" title="Dong (administrative division)">Dong</a></i><span class="nowrap">  </span>(neighborhood)</dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Ri_(administrative_division)" title="Ri (administrative division)">Ri</a></i><span class="nowrap">  </span>(village)</dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Rodongjagu" title="Rodongjagu">Rodongjagu</a></i><span class="nowrap">  </span>(workers' district)</dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_North_Korea" title="Foreign relations of North Korea">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(North_Korea)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (North Korea)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd>Minister: <a href="/wiki/Choe_Son-hui" title="Choe Son-hui">Choe Son-hui</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_North_Korea" title="List of diplomatic missions of North Korea">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_North_Korea" title="List of diplomatic missions in North Korea">in North Korea</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_nationality_law" title="North Korean nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_passport" title="North Korean passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_North_Korean_citizens" title="Visa requirements for North Korean citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_North_Korea" title="Visa policy of North Korea">Visa policy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_conflict" title="Korean conflict">Korean conflict</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Korean reunification</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;padding-top:0;;text-align:center;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_North_Korea" title="Censorship in North Korea">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_North_Korea" title="Human rights in North Korea">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_family_(North_Korea)" title="Kim family (North Korea)">Kim family</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ten_Principles_for_the_Establishment_of_a_Monolithic_Ideological_System" title="Ten Principles for the Establishment of a Monolithic Ideological System">Ten Principles</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_North_Korea" title="Propaganda in North Korea">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illicit_activities_of_North_Korea" title="Illicit activities of North Korea">Illicit activities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_North_Korea" title="Law of North Korea">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_North_Korea" title="Law enforcement in North Korea">Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Security_(North_Korea)" title="Ministry of Social Security (North Korea)">Security Ministry</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/60px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/120px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_Korea" title="Portal:North Korea">North Korea portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_North_Korea" title="Template:Politics of North Korea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_North_Korea" title="Template talk:Politics of North Korea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_North_Korea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of North Korea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="width:20em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_South_Korea" title="Category:Politics of South Korea">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Korea" title="Politics of South Korea">Politics of South Korea</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg/125px-Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg/188px-Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg/250px-Emblem_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="354" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Korea" title="Government of South Korea">Government</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_South_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Seal_of_South_Korea.svg/30px-Seal_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Seal_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Seal_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Seal_of_South_Korea.svg/60px-Seal_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="820" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_South_Korea" title="Constitution of South Korea">Constitution of South Korea</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_South_Korea" title="Law of South Korea">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_South_Korea" title="Human rights in South Korea">Human rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(South_Korea)" title="National Assembly (South Korea)">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Emblem_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Korea.svg/30px-Emblem_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Emblem_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Korea.svg/45px-Emblem_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Emblem_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Korea.svg/60px-Emblem_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(South_Korea)" title="National Assembly (South Korea)">National Assembly</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_National_Assembly_of_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the National Assembly of South Korea">Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Woo_Won-shik" title="Woo Won-shik">Woo Won-shik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">I</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(South_Korea)#Speaker" title="National Assembly (South Korea)">Deputy Speaker</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lee_Hak-young&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lee Hak-young (page does not exist)">Lee Hak-young</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(South_Korea,_2015)" title="Democratic Party (South Korea, 2015)">D</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(South_Korea)#Speaker" title="National Assembly (South Korea)">Deputy Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Joo_Ho-young" title="Joo Ho-young">Joo Ho-young</a> (<a href="/wiki/People_Power_Party_(South_Korea)" title="People Power Party (South Korea)">P</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Korea_22nd_National_Assembly_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/South_Korea_22nd_National_Assembly_2024.svg/60px-South_Korea_22nd_National_Assembly_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/South_Korea_22nd_National_Assembly_2024.svg/120px-South_Korea_22nd_National_Assembly_2024.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_National_Assembly_(South_Korea),_2024%E2%80%932028" title="List of members of the National Assembly (South Korea), 2024–2028">Members</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Korea#Executive_branch" title="Government of South Korea">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg/40px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Korea" title="President of South Korea">President of South Korea</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choi_Sang-mok" title="Choi Sang-mok">Choi Sang-mok</a> (<a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">I</a>, Acting)</li></ul> <hr /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Emblem_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg/30px-Emblem_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Emblem_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg/45px-Emblem_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Emblem_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg/60px-Emblem_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="125" data-file-height="125" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Korea" title="Prime Minister of South Korea">Prime Minister of South Korea</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choi_Sang-mok" title="Choi Sang-mok">Choi Sang-mok</a> (<a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">I</a>, Acting)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_South_Korea" title="State Council of South Korea">State Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_South_Korea" title="Administrative divisions of South Korea">Administrative divisions</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_South_Korea" title="Judiciary of South Korea">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Constitutional_Court_of_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Emblem_of_the_Constitutional_Court_of_Korea.svg/30px-Emblem_of_the_Constitutional_Court_of_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Emblem_of_the_Constitutional_Court_of_Korea.svg/45px-Emblem_of_the_Constitutional_Court_of_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Emblem_of_the_Constitutional_Court_of_Korea.svg/60px-Emblem_of_the_Constitutional_Court_of_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="244" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Korea" title="Constitutional Court of Korea">Constitutional Court of Korea</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Constitutional_Court_of_Korea" title="President of the Constitutional Court of Korea">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Moon_Hyungbae" class="mw-redirect" title="Moon Hyungbae">Moon Hyungbae</a> (Acting)</li></ul> <hr /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Korean_Courts.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Emblem_of_Korean_Courts.svg/40px-Emblem_of_Korean_Courts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Emblem_of_Korean_Courts.svg/60px-Emblem_of_Korean_Courts.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Korea" title="Supreme Court of Korea">Supreme Court of Korea</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Korea" title="Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Korea">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Jo_Hee-de" class="mw-redirect" title="Jo Hee-de">Jo Hee-de</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/High_courts_of_South_Korea" title="High courts of South Korea">High courts</a></b></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_South_Korea" title="Elections in South Korea">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_elections_in_South_Korea" title="Presidential elections in South Korea">Presidential elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_elections_in_South_Korea" title="Legislative elections in South Korea">Legislative elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_South_Korea" title="Elections in South Korea">Local elections</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_South_Korea" title="Elections in South Korea">By-elections</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_South_Korea" title="List of political parties in South Korea">Political parties</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(South_Korea,_2015)" title="Democratic Party (South Korea, 2015)">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Party_(South_Korea)" title="People Power Party (South Korea)">PPP</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rebuilding_Korea_Party" title="Rebuilding Korea Party">Rebuilding Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Reform_Party_(South_Korea)" title="New Reform Party (South Korea)">New Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(South_Korea,_2017)" title="Progressive Party (South Korea, 2017)">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Income_Party" title="Basic Income Party">Basic Income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(South_Korea)" title="Social Democratic Party (South Korea)">Social Democratic</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Korean_conflict" title="Korean conflict">Korean conflict</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Reunification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunshine_Policy" title="Sunshine Policy">Sunshine Policy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/20px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:South_Korea" title="Portal:South Korea">South Korea portal</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_South_Korea" title="Template:Politics of South Korea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_South_Korea" title="Template talk:Politics of South Korea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_South_Korea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of South Korea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Korean reunification</b> is the hypothetical unification of <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> into a singular <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korean</a> <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign state</a>. The process towards reunification of the peninsula while still maintaining two opposing regimes was started by the <a href="/wiki/June_15th_North%E2%80%93South_Joint_Declaration" title="June 15th North–South Joint Declaration">June 15th North–South Joint Declaration</a> in June 2000, was reaffirmed by the October 4th Declaration in October 2007 and the <a href="/wiki/Panmunjom_Declaration" title="Panmunjom Declaration">Panmunjom Declaration</a> in April 2018, and the joint statement of United States President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> and North Korean leader <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">Kim Jong Un</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit" title="2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit">Singapore Summit</a> in June 2018. In the Panmunjom Declaration, the two countries agreed to work to officially end the <a href="/wiki/Korean_conflict" title="Korean conflict">Korean conflict</a> in the future. </p><p>Prior to the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Korea under Japanese rule</a> (1910–1945), all of Korea had been unified as a single state for centuries, notably under the <a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon</a> dynasties (the latter of which was declared the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Empire" title="Korean Empire">Korean Empire</a> in 1897). After the end of World War II in 1945 and during the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, Korea had a unified government, the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Korea" title="People's Republic of Korea">People's Republic of Korea</a>. However, this would be brief and serve as the last government, as Korea was divided into two countries along the <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">38th parallel</a> (now the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Demilitarized_Zone" title="Korean Demilitarized Zone">Korean Demilitarized Zone</a>) in 1948. After World War II, North Korea was occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, and later administered by the Workers' Party of Korea under <a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a>. South Korea was occupied by the United States, later becoming independent under <a href="/wiki/Syngman_Rhee" title="Syngman Rhee">Syngman Rhee</a>. Both governments of the two new Korean states claimed to be the sole legitimate government of all of Korea. The <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, which began in June 1950, ended in a stalemate in July 1953. </p><p>Even after the end of the Korean War, reunification proved a challenge as the two countries increasingly diverged at a steady pace. The <a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="North Korea–South Korea relations">relations between North and South Korea</a> warmed somewhat in early 2000s and again in late 2010s when South Korea pursued the <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_Policy" title="Sunshine Policy">Sunshine Policy</a> of greater engagement with the North, though relations have subsequently deteriorated.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-april272018_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-april272018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further deterioration has also been seen in 2024, with <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">Kim Jong Un</a> officially "ruling out unification" with South Korea, and subsequently demolishing the <a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Reunification" title="Arch of Reunification">Arch of Reunification</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></div> <p>The current division of the Korean Peninsula is the result of decisions taken at the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. In 1910, the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> <a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">annexed Korea</a> and ruled over it until its <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">defeat</a> in World War II. The Korean independence agreement officially occurred on 1 December 1943, when the United States, China, and the United Kingdom signed the <a href="/wiki/1943_Cairo_Declaration" title="1943 Cairo Declaration">Cairo Declaration</a>, which stated: "The aforesaid three powers, mindful of the enslavement of the people of Korea, are determined that in due course Korea shall become free and independent". In 1945, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> developed plans for trusteeship administration of Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-CN-MP-X-CPDPRK_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CN-MP-X-CPDPRK-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CN-MP-X-CPDPRK2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CN-MP-X-CPDPRK2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The division of the peninsula into two military occupation zones was agreed: the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Civil_Administration" title="Soviet Civil Administration">Soviet Civil Administration</a> in the North and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Military_Government_in_Korea" title="United States Army Military Government in Korea">United States Army Military Government in Korea</a> in the South. At midnight on 10 August 1945, two army lieutenant colonels selected the <a href="/wiki/38th_parallel_north" title="38th parallel north">38th parallel</a> as a dividing line. <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Japanese troops</a> north of the line were to surrender to the Soviet Union, and the troops south of the line would surrender to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-CN-MP-X-CPDPRK_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CN-MP-X-CPDPRK-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The partition was not originally intended to last long, but <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> politics resulted in the establishment of two separate governments in the two zones in 1948, and rising tensions prevented co-operation. The desire of many Koreans for a peaceful unification was dashed when the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> broke out in 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 25 June 1950, troops from North Korea invaded South Korea. <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> encouraged the confrontation with the United States<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> reluctantly supported the invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After three years of fighting, which involved both Koreas, China and <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> forces led by the US, the war ended with an <a href="/wiki/Korean_Armistice_Agreement" title="Korean Armistice Agreement">armistice agreement</a> at approximately the same boundary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Korean_War" title="Aftermath of the Korean War">Aftermath of the Korean War</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="North Korea–South Korea relations">North Korea–South Korea relations</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bilateral_agreements">Bilateral agreements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bilateral agreements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="North-South_Joint_Communiqué,_1972"><span id="North-South_Joint_Communiqu.C3.A9.2C_1972"></span>North-South Joint Communiqué, 1972</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: North-South Joint Communiqué, 1972"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">détente</a> between the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, the North and South Korean governments made in 1972 the <a href="/wiki/July_4_South%E2%80%93North_Joint_Statement" title="July 4 South–North Joint Statement">July 4 South–North Joint Statement</a> to improve the relations between the two countries on July 4, 1972. It had a representative of each government secretly visit the other's capital city, and both sides agreed to a North-South Joint Communiqué, outlining the steps to be taken towards achieving a peaceful <a href="/wiki/Reunification" class="mw-redirect" title="Reunification">reunification</a> of the country: </p> <ol><li>Unification shall be achieved through independent Korean efforts without being subject to the external imposition of interference.</li> <li>Unification shall be achieved through peaceful means, and not through the <a href="/wiki/Use_of_force_in_international_law" title="Use of force in international law">use of force</a> against each other.</li> <li>As a homogeneous people, a great <a href="/wiki/National_unity" class="mw-redirect" title="National unity">national unity</a> shall be sought above all, transcending differences in ideas, ideologies, and systems.</li> <li>In order to ease tensions, and foster an atmosphere of mutual trust between the South and the North, the two sides have agreed not to slander or defame each other, not to undertake armed provocations whether on a large or small scale and to take positive measures to prevent inadvertent military incidents.</li> <li>The two sides, in order to restore severed national ties, promote mutual understanding, and expedite independent peaceful unification, have agreed to carry out various exchanges in many fields such as culture and science.</li> <li>The two sides have agreed to cooperate positively with each other to seek early success of the North-South <a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">Red Cross</a> talks, which are underway with the fervent expectations of the entire people.</li> <li>The two sides, in order to prevent the outbreak of unexpected military incidents and to deal directly, promptly, and accurately with problems arising between the North and the South, have agreed to install a direct telephone line between Seoul and Pyongyang.</li> <li>The two sides, in order to implement the aforementioned agreed-upon items, to solve various problems existing between the North and the South, and to settle the unification problem on the basis of the agreed-upon principles for the unification of the <a href="/wiki/Fatherland" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatherland">Fatherland</a>, have agreed to establish and operate a North-South Coordinating Committee co-chaired by Director <a href="/wiki/Lee_Hu-rak" title="Lee Hu-rak">Yi Hurak</a> [representing the South] and Director <a href="/wiki/Kim_Yong-ju" title="Kim Yong-ju">Kim Yong-ju</a> [representing the North].</li> <li>The two sides, firmly convinced that the aforementioned agreed-upon items correspond with the common aspirations of the entire people, who are anxious to see an early unification of the Fatherland, hereby solemnly pledge before the entire <a href="/wiki/Korean_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean people">Korean people</a> that they will faithfully carry out these agreed-upon items."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>The agreement outlined the steps to be taken towards achieving a peaceful reunification of the country. However, the North-South Coordination Committee was disbanded the following year after no progress had been made towards implementing the agreement. In January 1989, the founder of <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Group" title="Hyundai Group">Hyundai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jung_Ju-young" class="mw-redirect" title="Jung Ju-young">Jung Ju-young</a>, toured North Korea and promoted tourism in <a href="/wiki/Mount_Kumgang" title="Mount Kumgang">Mount Kumgang</a>. After a twelve-year hiatus, the prime ministers of the two Koreas met in <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a> in September 1990 to engage in the <a href="/wiki/Inter-Korean_summits" title="Inter-Korean summits">Inter-Korean summits</a> or High-Level Talks. In December, the two countries reached an agreement on issues of reconciliation, <a href="/wiki/Non-aggression_pact" title="Non-aggression pact">nonaggression</a>, cooperation, and exchange between North and South in "The Agreement on Reconciliation, Nonaggression, Cooperation, and Exchange Between North and South",<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but these talks collapsed over <a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction#International_inspections" title="North Korea and weapons of mass destruction">inspection of nuclear facilities</a>. In 1994, after former U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>'s visit to <a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a>, the leaders of the two Koreas agreed to meet with each other, but the meeting was prevented by the <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Kim_Il_Sung" title="Death and state funeral of Kim Il Sung">death of Kim Il Sung</a> that July.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="June_15th_North–South_Joint_Declaration,_2000"><span id="June_15th_North.E2.80.93South_Joint_Declaration.2C_2000"></span>June 15th North–South Joint Declaration, 2000</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: June 15th North–South Joint Declaration, 2000"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:June_15th_Joint_Declaration_6.15_%EA%B3%B5%EB%8F%99%EC%84%A0%EC%96%B8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="June 15th Joint Declaration signed by Kim Jong Il and Kim Dae-jung" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/June_15th_Joint_Declaration_6.15_%EA%B3%B5%EB%8F%99%EC%84%A0%EC%96%B8.jpg/220px-June_15th_Joint_Declaration_6.15_%EA%B3%B5%EB%8F%99%EC%84%A0%EC%96%B8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/June_15th_Joint_Declaration_6.15_%EA%B3%B5%EB%8F%99%EC%84%A0%EC%96%B8.jpg/330px-June_15th_Joint_Declaration_6.15_%EA%B3%B5%EB%8F%99%EC%84%A0%EC%96%B8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/June_15th_Joint_Declaration_6.15_%EA%B3%B5%EB%8F%99%EC%84%A0%EC%96%B8.jpg/440px-June_15th_Joint_Declaration_6.15_%EA%B3%B5%EB%8F%99%EC%84%A0%EC%96%B8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>June 15th Joint Declaration signed by Kim Jong Il and Kim Dae-jung</figcaption></figure> <p>In June 2000, North and South Korea signed the <a href="/wiki/June_15th_North%E2%80%93South_Joint_Declaration" title="June 15th North–South Joint Declaration">June 15th North–South Joint Declaration</a>, in which both sides made promises to seek out a peaceful reunification with the co-existence of two systems:<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>The North and the South agreed to solve the question of the country's reunification independently by the concerted efforts of the Korean nation responsible for it.</li> <li>The North and the South, recognizing that the low-level <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federation</a> proposed by the North and the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth" title="Commonwealth">commonwealth</a> system proposed by the South for the reunification of the country have similarity, agreed to work together for the reunification in this direction in the future.</li> <li>The North and the South agreed to settle humanitarian issues (such as the <a href="/wiki/North_Korean_famine" class="mw-redirect" title="North Korean famine">North Korean famine</a>) as early as possible, including the exchange of visiting groups of separated families and relatives and the issue of unconverted long-term prisoners, to mark August 15 this year.</li> <li>The North and the South agreed to promote the balanced development of the national economy through economic cooperation and build mutual confidence by activating cooperation and exchange in all fields, social, cultural, sports, public health, environmental and so on.</li> <li>The North and the South agreed to hold an authority-to-authority negotiation as soon as possible to put the above-mentioned agreed points into speedy operation.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October_4th_Declaration,_2007"><span id="October_4th_Declaration.2C_2007"></span>October 4th Declaration, 2007</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: October 4th Declaration, 2007"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 2007 high-level inter-Korean talks held in Pyongyang between Kim Jong Il and Roh Moo Hyun, both sides agreed to the October 4th Declaration, improving on inter-Korean relations on the basis of the June 15 Joint Declaration. The eight points of the declaration signed on the 4th of October 2007 are as follows: </p> <ol><li>"The north and the south shall uphold and positively implement the June 15 Joint Declaration.</li> <li>"The north and the south agreed to convert north-south relations definitely into those of mutual respect and confidence, transcending the difference in ideology and system.</li> <li>"The north and the south agreed to closely cooperate with each other in the efforts to put an end to hostile military relations and ensure détente and peace on the Korean peninsula.</li> <li>"The north and the south, based on the common understanding of the need to put an end to the existing armistice mechanism and build a lasting peace mechanism, agreed to cooperate with each other in the efforts to push forward with the issue of arranging a meeting on the territory of the Korean peninsula of the heads of state of three or four parties directly concerned to promote the matter of declaring an end to war.</li> <li>"The north and the south agreed to reactivate economic cooperation and bring about its sustained development on the principles of ensuring common interests and prosperity and meeting each other's needs with a view to balanced development of the national economy and common prosperity.</li> <li>"The north and the south agreed to develop exchanges and cooperation in social and cultural fields such as history, language, education, science and technology, culture and the arts, and sports to add brilliance to the time-honored history and fine culture of the nation.</li> <li>"The north and the south agreed to push forward humanitarian cooperation.</li> <li>"The north and the south agreed to strengthen cooperation on the international arena in the efforts to protect the interests of the nation and the rights and interests of overseas Koreans."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Panmunjom_Declaration,_2018"><span id="Panmunjom_Declaration.2C_2018"></span>Panmunjom Declaration, 2018</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Panmunjom Declaration, 2018"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2018, at the north-south summit talks at the "House of Peace" in Panmunjom, Kim Jong Un and Moon Jae-in signed the <a href="/wiki/Panmunjom_Declaration" title="Panmunjom Declaration">Panmunjom Declaration</a>, declaring that there would be no longer war and a new era of peace has opened on the Korean peninsula. They declared as follows reflecting the firm will to put an end to division and confrontation, to open up a new era of national reconciliation, peace and prosperity and more actively improve and develop the north-south ties. A brief outline of the three main points of the agreement are as follows: </p> <ol><li>"The north and the south will achieve comprehensive and epochal improvement and development in the north-south ties and thus relink the severed blood vessel of the nation and bring earlier the future of common prosperity and independent reunification.</li> <li>"The north and the south will make joint efforts to defuse the acute military tensions and to substantially defuse the danger of a war on the Korean peninsula.</li> <li>"The north and the south will closely cooperate with each other to build a durable and lasting peace mechanism on the Korean peninsula."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internationally">Internationally</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Internationally"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Unified_Korean_sporting_teams" title="Unified Korean sporting teams">unified Korean team</a> marched in the opening ceremonies of the <a href="/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics" title="2000 Summer Olympics">2000</a>, <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics" title="2006 Winter Olympics">2006</a> Olympics, but the North and South Korean national teams competed separately. There were plans for a truly unified team at the <a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Summer Olympics</a>, but the two countries were unable to agree on the details of its implementation. In the <a href="/wiki/1991_World_Table_Tennis_Championships" title="1991 World Table Tennis Championships">1991 World Table Tennis Championships</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chiba_Prefecture" title="Chiba Prefecture">Chiba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, the two countries formed a unified team. A <a href="/wiki/Korea_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics" title="Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics">Unified Korea</a> women's ice hockey team competed under a separate IOC country code designation (COR) in the <a href="/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics" title="2018 Winter Olympics">2018 Winter Olympics</a>; in all other sports, there were a separate <a href="/wiki/North_Korea_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics" title="North Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics">North Korea team</a> and a separate <a href="/wiki/South_Korea_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics" title="South Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics">South Korea team</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_status">Current status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Current status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The nature of unification, i.e. through North Korean collapse, South Korean collapse, or the formation of two systems under a united federation, is still a topic of intense political debate and even conflict among interested parties, which include both Koreas, China, Japan, Russia, and the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Relations between the two Koreas have been strained, with conflict between the two coming to a head such as in the enforcement of the colonial era National Security Law in South Korea which led to the arrest of South Korean pro-reunification activist <a href="/wiki/Roh_Su-hui" title="Roh Su-hui">Roh Su-hui</a>, <a href="/wiki/ROKS_Cheonan_sinking" title="ROKS Cheonan sinking">suspected torpedoing of the ROKS <i>Cheonan</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Yeonpyeong" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardment of Yeonpyeong">bombardment of Yeonpyeong Island</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both in 2010, the rocket launches <a href="/wiki/Kwangmy%C5%8Fngs%C5%8Fng-3" title="Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3">in April</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kwangmy%C5%8Fngs%C5%8Fng-3_Unit_2" title="Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2">December</a> of 2012 and <a href="/wiki/2013_North_Korean_nuclear_test" title="2013 North Korean nuclear test">North Korea's third nuclear test</a> in 2013. Kim Jong Un's sudden accession and limited experience governing have also stoked fears about power struggles among different factions leading to future instability on the Korean Peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reunification has remained a long-term goal for the governments of both North and South Korea. North Korean leader <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">Kim Jong Un</a> made calls in his 2012 New Year's Day speech to "remove confrontation" between the two countries and implement <a href="/wiki/Inter-Korean_summits" title="Inter-Korean summits">previous joint agreements</a> for increased economic and political cooperation.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The South Korean <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Unification" title="Ministry of Unification">Ministry of Unification</a> redoubled their efforts in 2011 and 2012 to raise awareness of the issue, launching a variety show (<i>Miracle Audition</i>) and an Internet sitcom with pro-unification themes.<sup id="cite_ref-Wary_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wary-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UnifTV_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UnifTV-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ministry already promotes curriculum in elementary schooling, such as a government-issued textbook about North Korea titled "We Are One" and reunification-themed arts and crafts projects.<sup id="cite_ref-Wary_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wary-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2018–19_Korean_peace_process"><span id="2018.E2.80.9319_Korean_peace_process"></span>2018–19 Korean peace process</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2018–19 Korean peace process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Kim's 2018 New Year's address, a Korean-led reunification was repeatedly mentioned and an unexpected proposal was made for the North's participation in the 2018 Winter Olympics that were held in <a href="/wiki/Pyeongchang_County" title="Pyeongchang County">Pyeongchang County</a> of South Korea, a significant shift after several years of increasing hostilities, the <a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Korean_peace_process" title="2018–19 Korean peace process">2018–19 Korean peace process</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequent meetings between North and South led to the announcement that the two Koreas would march together with a unified flag in the Olympics' Opening Ceremony and form a unified ice hockey team, with a total of 22 North Korean athletes participating in various other competitions including figure skating, short track speed skating, cross-country skiing and alpine skiing.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2018, at a summit in <a href="/wiki/Panmunjom" title="Panmunjom">Panmunjom</a>, Kim Jong Un and South Korean President <a href="/wiki/Moon_Jae-in" title="Moon Jae-in">Moon Jae-in</a> signed a deal committing to finally seal peace between both Koreas by the end of the year. Both leaders also symbolically crossed each other's borders, marking the first time a South Korean president crossed the North border and vice versa. Kim stated that the North will start a process of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_disarmament" title="Nuclear disarmament">denuclearization</a>, which was supported by then U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, Moon Jae-in proposed reunification of the Korean peninsula by 2045.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The peace talks led to nothing,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as North Korea continued forward with their nuclear program, despite former U.S. President Donald Trump showcasing it as a considerable win.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_North's_abandonment_of_peaceful_reunification;_the_South_revises_plan_(2024–present)"><span id="The_North.27s_abandonment_of_peaceful_reunification.3B_the_South_revises_plan_.282024.E2.80.93present.29"></span>The North's abandonment of peaceful reunification; the South revises plan (2024–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The North's abandonment of peaceful reunification; the South revises plan (2024–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2023, during a speech at the 9th plenum of the <a href="/wiki/8th_Central_Committee_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="8th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea">8th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea</a>, Kim called for a "fundamental turnabout" in North Korea's stance towards South Korea, calling the South the "enemy".<sup id="cite_ref-:3_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He stated "the party's comprehensive conclusion after reviewing decades-long inter-Korean relations is that reunification can never be achieved with those ROK riffraffs that defined the 'unification by absorption' and 'unification under <a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">liberal democracy</a>' as their state policy", which he said is in "sharp contradiction with what our line of national reunification was: one nation, one state with two systems".<sup id="cite_ref-:4_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kim cited <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_South_Korea" title="Constitution of South Korea">South Korean constitution</a>'s claims over the entire Korean Peninsula and South Korean President <a href="/wiki/Yoon_Suk_Yeol" title="Yoon Suk Yeol">Yoon Suk Yeol</a>'s policy towards the north as evidence that South Korea is an unsuitable partner for reunification.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He said the relations between the two Koreas currently were "states hostile to each other and the relations between two belligerent states" and no longer ones that are "consanguineous or homogeneous",<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> continuing by saying it is "unsuitable" to discuss the issue of reunification "with this strange clan [South Korea], who is no more than a colonial stooge of the U.S. despite the rhetorical word [we used to use] — 'the fellow countrymen." Kim also instructed the WPK on reforming organizations related to inter-Korean relations, including the WPK's <a href="/wiki/United_Front_Department_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="United Front Department of the Workers' Party of Korea">United Front Department</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monument-to-National-Reunification-2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Monument-to-National-Reunification-2014.jpg/250px-Monument-to-National-Reunification-2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Monument-to-National-Reunification-2014.jpg/330px-Monument-to-National-Reunification-2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Monument-to-National-Reunification-2014.jpg/500px-Monument-to-National-Reunification-2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Reunification" title="Arch of Reunification">Arch of Reunification</a>, demolished in early 2024 in North Korea</figcaption></figure> <p>Kim further confirmed a shift in policy in January 2024, when he gave a speech to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Assembly" title="Supreme People's Assembly">Supreme People's Assembly</a> (SPA) calling for the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_North_Korea" title="Constitution of North Korea">constitution</a> to be amended to remove references to cooperation and reunification, as well as specify DPRK's territorial borders and add an article specifying the ROK as the most hostile country.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also rejected the maritime <a href="/wiki/Northern_Limit_Line" title="Northern Limit Line">Northern Limit Line</a>, saying that "If the Republic of Korea invades our ground territory, territorial air space, or territorial waters by even 0.001 mm, it will be considered a provocation of war". He called for the removal of physical symbols such as the <a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Reunification" title="Arch of Reunification">Arch of Reunification</a>, which he called an "eyesore". The SPA also voted on the abolition of three inter-Korean cooperation organizations; the <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Peaceful_Reunification_of_the_Fatherland" title="Committee for the Peaceful Reunification of the Fatherland">Committee for the Peaceful Reunification of the Fatherland</a>, the Korean People's Cooperation Administration, and the Kumgangsan International Tourism Administration.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 1, 2024, the government of President <a href="/wiki/Yoon_Suk_Yeol" title="Yoon Suk Yeol">Yoon Suk Yeol</a> plans to develop a new vision of unification with North Korea to include the principle of liberal democracy. South Korea plans to update its vision of unification for the first time in 30 years. This is the first revision of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unification_Formula_of_the_national_community&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unification Formula of the national community (page does not exist)">Unification Formula of the national community</a>, South Korea's unification policy unveiled in August 1994 under the administration of late President <a href="/wiki/Kim_Young-sam" title="Kim Young-sam">Kim Young-sam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_opinion">Public opinion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Public opinion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Support for reunification in South Korea has been falling, especially among the younger generations. In the 1990s, the percent of people in government polls who regarded reunification as essential was over 80%. By 2011 that number had dropped to 56%.<sup id="cite_ref-Wary_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wary-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a December 2017 survey released by the <a href="/wiki/Korea_Institute_for_National_Unification" title="Korea Institute for National Unification">Korea Institute for National Unification</a>, 72.1% of South Koreans in their 20s believe reunification is unnecessary,<sup id="cite_ref-CBC_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBC-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with younger South Koreans saying they are more worried about issues related to <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_South_Korea" title="Economy of South Korea">their economy</a>, employment, and <a href="/wiki/Cost_of_living" title="Cost of living">living costs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CBC_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBC-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Polls show a majority of South Koreans, even those in age groups traditionally seen as being more eager to reunify the peninsula, are not willing to see their living conditions decline in order to accommodate a reunification with the North.<sup id="cite_ref-CBC_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBC-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, about 50% of men in their 20s see North Korea as an outright enemy that they want nothing to do with.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some scholars, like <a href="/wiki/Paul_Roderick_Gregory" title="Paul Roderick Gregory">Paul Roderick Gregory</a>, have suggested that a complete abandonment of Korean reunification may be necessary, in exchange for the North to dismantle its <a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="North Korea and weapons of mass destruction">nuclear weapons program</a> and permanently ending the Korean War with a <a href="/wiki/Peace_treaty" title="Peace treaty">peace treaty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Strategies">Strategies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Strategies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sunshine_Policy">Sunshine Policy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sunshine Policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_Policy" title="Sunshine Policy">Sunshine Policy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seoul-National.Assembly-02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Seoul-National.Assembly-02.jpg/250px-Seoul-National.Assembly-02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Seoul-National.Assembly-02.jpg/330px-Seoul-National.Assembly-02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Seoul-National.Assembly-02.jpg/500px-Seoul-National.Assembly-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="851" /></a><figcaption>South Korea's <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of South Korea">National Assembly</a>. The woman holding a dove symbolizes <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peace" title="Peace">peace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom (philosophy)">freedom</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Millennium Democratic Party">Millennium Democratic Party</a> of South Korea under President <a href="/wiki/Kim_Dae-jung" title="Kim Dae-jung">Kim Dae-jung</a>, as part of a campaign pledge to "actively pursue reconciliation and cooperation" with North Korea, the Sunshine Policy was intended to create conditions of economic assistance and cooperation for reunification, rather than <a href="/wiki/Sanctions_against_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctions against North Korea">sanctions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military_threat" title="Military threat">military threats</a>. The plan was divided into three parts: increased cooperation through inter-Korean organizations (while maintaining separate systems in the North and South), national unification with two autonomous regional governments, and finally the creation of a central national government. In 1998, Kim approved large shipments of food aid to the North Korean government, lifted limits on business deals between North Korean and South Korean firms, and even called for a stop to the American economic <a href="/wiki/Embargo" class="mw-redirect" title="Embargo">embargo</a> against the North. In June 2000, the leaders of North and South Korea met in Pyongyang and shook hands for the first time since the division of Korea. </p><p>Despite the continuation of the Sunshine Policy under the Roh administration, it was eventually declared a failure by the South Korean <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Unification" title="Ministry of Unification">Ministry of Unification</a> in November 2010 over issues of North Korea's nuclear weapons program, stymied further negotiations, and again strained relations between the two Koreas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Opponents">Opponents</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Opponents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Opponents of the Sunshine Policy argue that dialogue and trade with North Korea did nothing to improve prospects for peaceful reunification, despite the transfer of large funds to the North Korean government by President <a href="/wiki/Kim_Dae-jung" title="Kim Dae-jung">Kim Dae-jung</a>, but allowed the North Korean government to retain its hold on power. Others believe that South Korea should remain prepared for the event of a North Korean attack. Hardliners also argue that the continued and maximized isolation of the North will lead to the country's collapse after which the territory could be absorbed by force into South Korea. </p><p>In November 2000, outgoing US President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> wanted to visit Pyongyang. However, the intended visit never happened because of the controversy surrounding the results of the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000 US presidential election</a>. Around April or May 2001, Kim Dae-jung was expecting to welcome Kim Jong Il to Seoul. Returning from his meeting in Washington D.C., with newly elected President Bush, Kim Dae-jung described his meeting as embarrassing while privately cursing President Bush and his hardliner approach. This meeting negated any chance of a North Korean visit to South Korea. After the Bush administration labeled North Korea as part of the "<a href="/wiki/Axis_of_evil" title="Axis of evil">axis of evil</a>", North Korea renounced the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons">nonproliferation treaty</a>, kicked out <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">UN inspectors</a>, and restarted its nuclear program.<sup id="cite_ref-Cumings_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cumings-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 2005, the North Korean government confirmed that the country had successfully become a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_armed_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear armed states">nuclear armed state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cumings_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cumings-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 504–505">: 504–505 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Three_Charters_for_National_Reunification,_1997"><span id="The_Three_Charters_for_National_Reunification.2C_1997"></span>The Three Charters for National Reunification, 1997</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: The Three Charters for National Reunification, 1997"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In North Korea, the Three Charters for National Reunification have served as the sole guidelines for reunification. They contain the <a href="/wiki/Three_Principles_of_National_Reunification" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Principles of National Reunification">Three Principles for National Reunification</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ten_Point_Programme_for_Reunification_of_the_Country" title="Ten Point Programme for Reunification of the Country">Ten Point Programme for Reunification of the Country</a> and the plan of founding the <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="Democratic_Confederal_Republic_of_Koryo"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Democratic Confederal Republic of Koryo</span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were formulated by North Korean leader Kim Jong Il into the Three Charters for National Reunification in his public work "<i>Let Us Carry Out the Great Comrade's Instructions for National Reunification</i>", in 1997. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Three_Principles_for_National_Reunification">Three Principles for National Reunification</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Three Principles for National Reunification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>North Korean President <a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a> proposed the <a href="/wiki/Three_Principles_of_National_Reunification" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Principles of National Reunification">Three Principles of National Reunification</a> in 1972 as the central force that should drive reunification. They are as follows: </p> <ol><li>"National reunification should be achieved independently without reliance on outside forces and free from their interference.</li> <li>"Great national unity should be promoted by transcending the differences in ideas, deals and systems.</li> <li>"National reunification should be achieved by peaceful means without resorting to arms."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ten_Point_Programme_for_Reunification_of_the_Country">Ten Point Programme for Reunification of the Country</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Ten Point Programme for Reunification of the Country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ten_Point_Programme_for_Reunification_of_the_Country" title="Ten Point Programme for Reunification of the Country">Ten Point Programme for Reunification of the Country</a> was written by <a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a> in 1993 and contains the idea of reunification with South Korea under a pan-national unified state. It emphasises once again the need for an independent reunification, and more specifically, the removal of US forces from the peninsula. It is laid out as follows: </p> <ol><li>"A unified state, independent, peaceful and neutral, should be founded through the great unity of the whole nation.</li> <li>"Unity should be based on patriotism and the spirit of national independence.</li> <li>"Unity should be achieved on the principle of promotion coexistence, coprosperity and common interests and subordinating everything to the cause of national reunification.</li> <li>"All manner of political disputes that foment division and confrontation between the fellow countrymen should be stopped and unity be achieved.</li> <li>"They should dispel fears of invasion from the south and from the north, prevail-over-communism and communization altogether and believe in and unite with each other.</li> <li>"They should set store by democracy and join hands on the road to national reunification, not rejecting each other for the difference in isms and principles.</li> <li>"They should protect material and spiritual wealth of individual persons and organizations and encourage them to be used favorably for the promotion of great national unity.</li> <li>"The whole nation should understand, trust and unite with one another through contacts, travels and dialogues.</li> <li>"The whole nation in the north and the south and overseas should strengthen solidarity with one another on the way to national reunification.</li> <li>"Those who have contributed to the great unity of the nation and to the cause of national reunification should be highly estimated."<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plan_for_founding_the_Democratic_Confederal_Republic_of_Koryo">Plan for founding the Democratic Confederal Republic of Koryo</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Plan for founding the Democratic Confederal Republic of Koryo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In accordance with the three principles and the ten point programme, <a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a> elaborated on the <a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_state_mergers" title="List of proposed state mergers">proposed state</a>, called Democratic Confederal Republic of Koryo (DFRK),<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on October 10, 1980, in the <i>Report to the Sixth Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea on the Work of the Central Committee</i>. Kim proposed a <a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">confederation</a> between North and South Korea, in which their respective political systems would initially remain. It is described by North Korea as a "...peaceful reunification proposal to found a federal state on the condition that the north and the south recognize and tolerate each other's existing ideologies."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was stated that the DFRK should be a neutral country which does not participate in any political, military alliance or bloc, embracing the whole of the territory and people of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reunification_tax,_2011"><span id="Reunification_tax.2C_2011"></span>Reunification tax, 2011</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Reunification tax, 2011"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On January 1, 2011, a group of twelve lawmakers from the ruling and opposition parties introduced a bill into the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(South_Korea)" title="National Assembly (South Korea)">South Korean National Assembly</a> to allow for the establishment of a "unification tax". The bill called for businesses to pay 0.05% of corporate tax, individuals to pay 5% of inheritance or gift taxes, and both individuals and companies to pay 2% of their <a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">income tax</a> towards the cost of unification. The bill initiated legislative debate on practical measures to prepare for unification, as proposed by President <a href="/wiki/Lee_Myung-bak" title="Lee Myung-bak">Lee Myung-bak</a> in his <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Day_of_Korea" title="National Liberation Day of Korea">Liberation Day</a> speech the previous year. The proposal for a unification tax was not warmly welcomed at the time. Lee has since reiterated concerns regarding the imminence of unification, which, combined with North Korean behavior, led to the tax proposal gaining wider acceptance. Practical measures to prepare for unification are becoming an increasingly frequent aspect of political debate, as concern regarding imminent and abrupt unification increases.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Korean_Economic_Community">Korean Economic Community</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Korean Economic Community"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It has been suggested that the formation of a Korean <a href="/wiki/Economic_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic community">Economic Community</a> could be a way to ease in unification of the peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lee Myung-bak, departing from the Saenuri Party's traditional hardline stance, outlined a comprehensive diplomatic package on North Korea that includes setting up a consultative body to discuss economic projects between the two Koreas. He proposed seeking a Korean economic community agreement to provide the legal and systemic basis for any projects agreed to in the body.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reunification_Investment_Fund">Reunification Investment Fund</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Reunification Investment Fund"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2017, former <a href="/wiki/Inha_University" title="Inha University">Inha University</a> professor Shepherd Iverson proposed creating a $175 billion reunification investment fund aiming to bribe the elite officials on top of DPRK's hierarchy to ensure a diplomatic way to resolve the Korean conflict by conducting an internal <a href="/wiki/Regime_change" title="Regime change">regime change</a>. In the proposal a sum of up to $23.3 billion would be paid in total to the families of those elite officials who wield power in <a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a>, while he noted that the top ten families would receive $30 million each, and the top thousand families would get $5 million. Another sum of $121.8 billion would go to the country's general population to start their life again post-reunification, and it's envisioned that the proceeds for the fund is to be raised from private groups and business moguls.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_positions">International positions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: International positions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93North_Korea_relations" title="China–North Korea relations">China–North Korea relations</a> and <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="China–South Korea relations">China–South Korea relations</a></div> <p>In 1984, the <i><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Review" title="Beijing Review">Beijing Review</a></i> provided China's view on Korean unification: "With regard to the situation on the Korean peninsula, China's position is clear: it is squarely behind the proposal of North Korea for tripartite (between the two Koreas and the United States) talks to seek a peaceful and independent reunification of Korea in the form of a confederation, free from outside interference. China believes this is the surest way to reduce tension on the peninsula."<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>China's current <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93North_Korea_relations" title="China–North Korea relations">relationship with North Korea</a> and position on a unified Korea is seen as dependent on a number of issues. A unified Korea could prevent <a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction#Nuclear_weapons" title="North Korea and weapons of mass destruction">North Korea's nuclear weapons program</a> from destabilizing East Asia as well as the Chinese government. The 2010 <a href="/wiki/United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak" title="United States diplomatic cables leak">United States diplomatic cables leak</a> mentioned two unnamed PRC officials telling the Deputy Foreign Minister of South Korea that the <a href="/wiki/Generations_of_Chinese_leadership" title="Generations of Chinese leadership">younger generation</a> of Chinese leaders increasingly believed that Korea should be reunified under South Korean rule, provided it were not hostile to China.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The report also claimed that senior officials and the general public in the PRC were becoming increasingly frustrated with the North acting like a "spoiled child," following its repeated missile and nuclear tests, which were seen as a gesture of defiance not only to the West, but also to China.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The business magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Caixin" title="Caixin">Caixin</a></i> reported that North Korea accounted for 40% of China's foreign aid budget and required 50,000 tonnes of oil per month as a <a href="/wiki/Buffer_state" title="Buffer state">buffer state</a> against Japan, South Korea, and the United States, with whom trade and investment is now worth billions. North Korea is seen in China as expensive and internationally embarrassing to support.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the collapse of the North Korean regime and unification by Seoul would also present a number of problems for China. A sudden and violent collapse might cause a <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">mass exodus</a> of North Koreans fleeing or fighting poverty into China, causing a <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_crisis" title="Humanitarian crisis">humanitarian crisis</a> that could destabilize <a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">northeast China</a>. The movement of South Korean and American soldiers into the North could result in their being temporarily or even permanently stationed on China's border, seen as a potential threat to China sovereignty and an imposition of a <a href="/wiki/United_States_foreign_policy_toward_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="United States foreign policy toward the People's Republic of China">China containment policy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A unified Korea could also more strongly pursue its <a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea_EEZ_disputes" title="East China Sea EEZ disputes">territorial disputes with China</a><sup id="cite_ref-Congress_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Congress-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and might inflame nationalism among <a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_China" title="Koreans in China">Koreans in China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some have claimed the existence of <a href="/wiki/OPLAN_5029#Chinese_plans" title="OPLAN 5029">contingency plans</a> for the PRC intervening in situations of great turmoil in North Korea<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (with the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Project_(Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences)" title="Northeast Project (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)">Chinese Academy of Social Sciences' Northeast Project</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Goguryeo_controversies" title="Goguryeo controversies">Chinese identity of the Goguryeo kingdom</a> potentially used to justify <a href="/wiki/Military_intervention" class="mw-redirect" title="Military intervention">intervention</a> or even <a href="/wiki/Annexation" title="Annexation">annexation</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-UnifTV_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UnifTV-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93Japan_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="North Korea–Japan relations">North Korea–Japan relations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Japan–South Korea relations">Japan–South Korea relations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_disputes" title="Japan–Korea disputes">Japan–Korea disputes</a></div> <p>Similarly to <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, reunification of Korea poses complications for future Korea-Japan relations, especially with regards to the disputed territorial status of the <a href="/wiki/Liancourt_Rocks" title="Liancourt Rocks">Liancourt Rocks</a> and historical issues such as the <a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">Comfort women</a>. A reunified Korea will likely position itself as an economic competitor to Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet_Union_and_Russia">Soviet Union and Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Soviet Union and Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="North Korea–Russia relations">North Korea–Russia relations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Russia–South Korea relations">Russia–South Korea relations</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2014</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As relations between North Korea and the Soviet Union warmed, the latter returned to warm public support for Kim Il Sung's peaceful reunification proposals. Soviet attention in Northeast Asia gradually began to focus on a new plan for "<a href="/wiki/Collective_security" title="Collective security">collective security</a> in Asia" first proposed in an <i><a href="/wiki/Izvestia" title="Izvestia">Izvestia</a></i> editorial in May 1969 and mentioned specifically by <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Soviet general secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a> in his address to the <a href="/wiki/1969_International_Meeting_of_Communist_and_Workers_Parties" title="1969 International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties">International Conference of Communist and Workers' Parties</a> in Moscow the following month:<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>For us, the burning problems of the present international situation do not push into the background more long-range tasks, especially the creation of a system of collective security in those parts of the world where the threat of the unleashing of a new World War and the unleashing of armed conflicts is centered... We think that the course of events also places on the agenda the task of creating a system of collective security in Asia.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Meets_with_Chairman_Kim_Jong_Un_(48164813552).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/President_Trump_Meets_with_Chairman_Kim_Jong_Un_%2848164813552%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_Meets_with_Chairman_Kim_Jong_Un_%2848164813552%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/President_Trump_Meets_with_Chairman_Kim_Jong_Un_%2848164813552%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_Meets_with_Chairman_Kim_Jong_Un_%2848164813552%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/President_Trump_Meets_with_Chairman_Kim_Jong_Un_%2848164813552%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_Meets_with_Chairman_Kim_Jong_Un_%2848164813552%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="1733" /></a><figcaption>US President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (left), North Korean Chairman <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">Kim Jong Un</a> (center), and South Korean President <a href="/wiki/Moon_Jae-in" title="Moon Jae-in">Moon Jae-in</a> (right) in the demilitarized zone in 2019</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/OPLAN_5027" class="mw-redirect" title="OPLAN 5027">OPLAN 5027</a>, <a href="/wiki/OPLAN_5029" title="OPLAN 5029">OPLAN 5029</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="North Korea–United States relations">North Korea–United States relations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="South Korea–United States relations">South Korea–United States relations</a></div> <p>The United States officially supports Korean reunification under a democratic government, but questions still remain as to the continued relevance of US military presence on the peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mike Mansfield</a> proposed that Korea be neutralized under a great-power agreement, accompanied by the withdrawal of all foreign troops and the discontinuation of security treaties with the great power guarantors of the North and South. </p><p>In the 1990s, despite issues surrounding the controversial US-South Korean joint <a href="/wiki/Team_Spirit" title="Team Spirit">Team Spirit</a> military exercises, the Clinton administration still managed to help turn around the situation regarding peace with North Korea through <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>'s support. It promised <a href="/wiki/Light-water_reactor" title="Light-water reactor">light water reactors</a> in exchange for the availability of North Korea for inspection of its facilities and other concessions. North Korea reacted positively, despite blaming the United States as the original aggressor in the Korean War. There were attempts to <a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93North_Korea_relations" title="Japan–North Korea relations">normalize relations with Japan</a> as well as the United States with South Korean President Kim Dae-jung in open support. North Korea actually favored the United States military's position on the front lines because it helped prevent an outbreak of war. Eventually, aid and oil were supplied, and even cooperation with South Korean business firms. However, one of the remaining fears was North Korea, with their necessary uranium deposits, having the potential to achieve a high level of nuclear technology. </p><p>Former US Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a>, another supporter of Korean unification, proposed a <a href="/wiki/Six-party_talks" title="Six-party talks">six-party conference</a> to find a way out of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_conflict" title="Korean conflict">Korean dilemma</a>, composed of the two Koreas and four connected powers (the United States, the Soviet Union, China, and Japan). North Korea denounced the "four plus two" scenario, as it was also known, by claiming Korea would be at the mercy of the <a href="/wiki/Great_power" title="Great power">great powers</a> and insinuated the reestablishment of Japanese power in Korea. However, North Korea ultimately lacked confidence in getting simultaneous help from China and the Soviet Union.<sup id="cite_ref-Cumings_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cumings-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 508">: 508 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Nations">United Nations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: United Nations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Korea_and_the_United_Nations" title="Korea and the United Nations">Korea and the United Nations</a></div> <p>Following a summit meeting held between leaders of the two countries in Pyongyang from June 13 to 15 in 2000, the chairpersons of the <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Summit" title="Millennium Summit">Millennium Summit</a> issued a statement welcoming their Joint Declaration as a breakthrough in bringing peace, stability, and reunification to the Korean peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seven weeks later, a resolution to the same effect was passed by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> after being co-sponsored by 150 other nations.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A scheduled General Assembly debate on the topic in 2002 was deferred for a year at the request of both nations,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and when the subject returned in 2003, it was immediately dropped off the agenda.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The issue did not return to the General Assembly until 2007,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following a second Inter-Korean summit held in Pyongyang on October 2–4, 2007. These talks were held during one round of the <a href="/wiki/Six-party_talks" title="Six-party talks">Six-Party Talks</a> in Beijing which committed to the denuclearization of the Korean peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implications">Implications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Implications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A unified Korea could have great implications for the balance of power in the region, with South Korea already considered by many a regional power.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2009, <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a> published its 188th Global Economics Paper about the subject of "reassessing North Korea Risks and A United Korea"<sup id="cite_ref-:0_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which highlighted in detail the potential economic power of a unified Korea, which would surpass many G7 countries, including Canada, Germany, France, Italy, the United Kingdom, and possibly Japan within 30–40 years of reunification, with a potential <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> of more than $6 trillion by 2050.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Korea_Times_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Korea_Times-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The young, <a href="/wiki/Skilled_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Skilled labor">skilled labor</a> and large amount of natural resources from the North combined with the advanced technology, infrastructure and large amount of capital in the South, as well as Korea's strategic location connecting three major economic powers, were cited as potential factors that could drive this growth. According to some opinions, a unified Korea could occur before 2050.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Korea_Times_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Korea_Times-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If it occurred, Korean reunification would immediately raise the country's population to over 80 million.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to research by Jin-Wook Kim at <a href="/wiki/Citigroup" title="Citigroup">Citi</a>, reunification would require an investment of US$63.1 billion in the long term to rebuild transportation such as railroads, roads, airports, sea ports and other infrastructure like power plants, mines, oil refineries, and gas pipelines. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Korea in 2050<sup id="cite_ref-:0_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea"><img alt="Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg/40px-Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg/60px-Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> United Korea</th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></th> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/60px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> in <a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">USD</a></td> <td>$6.056 trillion</td> <td>$4.073 trillion</td> <td>$1.982 trillion </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GDP_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP per capita">GDP per capita</a></td> <td>$78,000</td> <td>$81,000</td> <td>$71,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GDP_growth" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP growth">GDP growth</a> (2015–2050)</td> <td>4.8%</td> <td>3.9%</td> <td>11.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population">Total population</a></td> <td>78 million</td> <td>50 million</td> <td>28 million </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>However, there is a downside to this. The role of neighboring powers in a unified Korea will change. For example, there will continue to be competition between Russia and China to increase their influence on the Korean Peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/60px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/120px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_Korea" title="Portal:North Korea">North Korea portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/120px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:South_Korea" title="Portal:South Korea">South Korea portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit" title="2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit">2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit" title="2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit">2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit" title="2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit">2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23880_Tongil" class="mw-redirect" title="23880 Tongil">23880 Tongil</a> (asteroid honoring reunification process)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Treaty_on_Korean_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace Treaty on Korean Peninsula">Peace Treaty on Korean Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Korean_summits" title="Inter-Korean summits">Inter-Korean summits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoul%E2%80%93Pyongyang_hotline" title="Seoul–Pyongyang hotline">Seoul–Pyongyang hotline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_conflict" title="Korean conflict">Korean conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Armistice_Agreement" title="Korean Armistice Agreement">Korean Armistice Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="North Korea–South Korea relations">North Korea–South Korea relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="North Korea and weapons of mass destruction">North Korea and weapons of mass destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPLAN_5027" class="mw-redirect" title="OPLAN 5027">OPLAN 5027</a> and <a href="/wiki/OPLAN_5029" title="OPLAN 5029">OPLAN 5029</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panmunjom_Declaration" title="Panmunjom Declaration">Panmunjom Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_peace_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean peace process">Korean peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Kim_Jong_Un" title="List of international trips made by Kim Jong Un">List of international trips made by Kim Jong Un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Front_Department_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="United Front Department of the Workers' Party of Korea">United Front Department of the Workers' Party of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">Chinese unification</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Diplomat&rft.atitle=The+Logic+of+China%27s+Korea+Policy&rft.date=2012-06-22&rft.aulast=Sun&rft.aufirst=Yun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2Fnew-leaders-forum%2F2012%2F06%2F22%2Fthe-logic-of-chinas-korea-policy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+reunification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Congress-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Congress_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rokdrop.com/2013/01/07/us-congressional-report-expects-china-to-intervene-in-north-korea/">"US Congressional Report Expects China To Intervene In North Korea"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Congressional+Report+Expects+China+To+Intervene+In+North+Korea&rft.pub=ROK+Drop&rft.date=2013-01-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frokdrop.com%2F2013%2F01%2F07%2Fus-congressional-report-expects-china-to-intervene-in-north-korea%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+reunification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFByington2004" class="citation web cs1">Byington, Mark (10 September 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hnn.us/articles/7077.html">"The War of Words Between South Korea and China Over An Ancient Kingdom: Why Both Sides Are Misguided"</a>. <i>History News Network</i>. 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(September 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(September 2024)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHaselden_Jr.2002" class="citation web cs1">Haselden Jr., Carl E. (November 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA408232.pdf">"The Effects of Korean Unification on the US Military Presence in Northeast Asia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(January 20, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/articles/korean-reunification-and-u-s-interests-preparing-for-one-korea/">"Korean Reunification and U.S. Interests: Preparing for One Korea"</a>. <i>brookings.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=brookings.edu&rft.atitle=Korean+Reunification+and+U.S.+Interests%3A+Preparing+for+One+Korea&rft.date=2015-01-20&rft.aulast=Revere&rft.aufirst=Evans+J.R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Farticles%2Fkorean-reunification-and-u-s-interests-preparing-for-one-korea%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+reunification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>  Session 55  <i>Verbotim Report</i>  <i>4</i>.  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://undocs.org/A/55/PV.4"><i>Statement by the Co-Chairpersons – Millennium Summit</i> A/55/PV.4</a>  page 1.  6 September 2000.  Retrieved 2008-04-06.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>  Session 55  <i>Verbotim Report</i>  <i>45</i>.  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://undocs.org/A/55/PV.45">A/55/PV.45</a>  page 14.  31 October 2000.  Retrieved 2008-04-06.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>  Session 56  <i>Verbotim Report</i>  <i>111</i>.  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://undocs.org/A/56/PV.111">A/56/PV.111</a>  page 2.  6 September 2002.  Retrieved 2008-04-06.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>  Session 57  <i>Verbotim Report</i>  <i>94</i>.  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://undocs.org/A/57/PV.94">A/57/PV.94</a>  page 7.  15 September 2003.  Retrieved 2008-04-06.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>  Session 62  <i>Verbotim Report</i>  <i>41</i>.  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://undocs.org/A/62/PV.41"><i>Peace, security and reunification on the Korean peninsula</i> A/62/PV.41</a>  page 1.  31 October 2007.  Retrieved 2008-04-06.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>  Session 62  <i>Verbotim Report</i>  <i>41</i>.  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://undocs.org/A/62/PV.41">A/62/PV.41</a>  page 1.  Mr. Choi Young-jin  <i><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Korea">Republic of Korea</a></i>  31 October 2007.  Retrieved 2008-04-06.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Regional_power#East_Asia" title="Regional power">Regional power § East Asia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/global_economics_paper_no_188_final.pdf">"Global Economics Paper No: 188 "A United Korea?"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110714185418/http://www.nkeconwatch.com/nk-uploads/global_economics_paper_no_188_final.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2011-07-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Economics+Paper+No%3A+188+%22A+United+Korea%3F%22&rft.pages=17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nkeconwatch.com%2Fnk-uploads%2Fglobal_economics_paper_no_188_final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+reunification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Korea_Times-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Korea_Times_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Korea_Times_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2009/09/123_52202.html">"Unified Korea to Exceed G7 in 2050"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Korea_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Korea Times">Korea Times</a></i>. 2009-09-21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722134436/http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2009/09/123_52202.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-07-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Korea+Times&rft.atitle=Unified+Korea+to+Exceed+G7+in+2050&rft.date=2009-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkoreatimes.co.kr%2Fwww%2Fnews%2Fbiz%2F2009%2F09%2F123_52202.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+reunification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population">List of countries by population</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.asaninst.org/contents/division-management-and-unification-korea-vs-germany/#:~:text=Positive%20Reasons%3A,the%20regional%20collective%20security%20system.">"The Diplomacy of Korean Unification: Positive and Negative Reasons, Policies"</a>. ASAN Institute for policy studies. 13 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Diplomacy+of+Korean+Unification%3A+Positive+and+Negative+Reasons%2C+Policies&rft.pub=ASAN+Institute+for+policy+studies&rft.date=2015-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.asaninst.org%2Fcontents%2Fdivision-management-and-unification-korea-vs-germany%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DPositive%2520Reasons%253A%2Cthe%2520regional%2520collective%2520security%2520system.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+reunification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKim_Il-bong2017" class="citation book cs1">Kim Il-bong (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035949/http://www.korean-books.com.kp/en/packages/xnps/download.pg.php?436#.pdf"><i>Reunification Question</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Understanding Korea. Vol. 10. Translated by Kim Myong-chan; Pak Hyo-song. Pyongyang: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Languages_Publishing_House_(North_Korea)" title="Foreign Languages Publishing House (North Korea)">Foreign Languages Publishing House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9946-0-1647-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-9946-0-1647-4"><bdi>978-9946-0-1647-4</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.korean-books.com.kp/en/packages/xnps/download.pg.php?436#.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2017-12-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-11-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reunification+Question&rft.place=Pyongyang&rft.series=Understanding+Korea&rft.pub=Foreign+Languages+Publishing+House&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-9946-0-1647-4&rft.au=Kim+Il-bong&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.korean-books.com.kp%2Fen%2Fpackages%2Fxnps%2Fdownload.pg.php%3F436%23.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorean+reunification" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_reunification&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Korean_reunification" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Korean reunification">Korean reunification</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unikorea.go.kr/eng_unikorea/">Ministry of Unification (South Korea)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em 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aria-labelledby="Irredentism312" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Irredentism" title="Template:Irredentism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Irredentism" title="Template talk:Irredentism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Irredentism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Irredentism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Irredentism312" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Irredentism" title="Irredentism">Irredentism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mauritania" title="Greater Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Morocco" title="Greater Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Somalia" title="Greater Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_South_Africa" title="Greater South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_irredentism" title="Chinese irredentism">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_unification" title="Chinese unification">unification with Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Tibet_by_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China">annexation of Tibet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_colonial_empire" title="Japanese colonial empire">Japan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Mongolism" title="Pan-Mongolism">Mongolia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bangladesh" title="Greater Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhand_Bharat" title="Akhand Bharat">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Nepal" title="Greater Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationalism" title="Pakistani nationalism">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_independence_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmir independence movement">Kashmir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunistan" title="Pashtunistan">Pashtunistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tamil_Nadu" title="Greater Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_irredentism" title="Cambodian irredentism">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Indonesia" title="Greater Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_world" title="Malay world">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_claimed_by_the_Philippines" title="Territories claimed by the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Thaiism" title="Pan-Thaiism">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Timor" title="Great Timor">Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_irredentism" title="Vietnamese irredentism">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Armenia" title="United Armenia">Armenia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh" title="Republic of Artsakh">Artsakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karabakh_movement" title="Karabakh movement">Karabakh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_homeland" title="Assyrian homeland">Assyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole_Azerbaijan" title="Whole Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Azerbaijan_(irredentist_concept)" title="Western Azerbaijan (irredentist concept)">Western Azerbaijan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_problem" title="Cyprus problem">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Iranism" title="Pan-Iranism">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_nationalism#Irredentism" title="Iraqi nationalism">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Israel" title="Greater Israel">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gathering_of_Israel" title="Gathering of Israel">Gathering of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_nationalism#Pan-Syrianism" title="Syrian nationalism">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Ottomanism" title="Neo-Ottomanism">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_dispute" title="Aegean dispute">Aegean dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Turkism" title="Pan-Turkism">Pan-Turkism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_irredentism" title="Bulgarian irredentism">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakism" title="Czechoslovakism">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_irredentism" title="Hungarian irredentism">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Moldova" title="Greater Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_irredentism" title="Polish irredentism">Poland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kresy" title="Kresy">Kresy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermarium" title="Intermarium">Intermarium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania" title="Greater Romania">Romania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Moldova_and_Romania" title="Unification of Moldova and Romania">unification with Moldova</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">annexation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Crimea" title="Russian occupation of Crimea">occupation of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Russian_annexation_of_South_Ossetia" title="Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia">proposed annexation of South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">invasion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_of_Ukraine" title="Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine">occupation of Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_irredentism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian irredentism">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Democratic_Republic#Territory" title="Belarusian Democratic Republic">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Finland" title="Greater Finland">Finland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karelian_question" title="Karelian question">Karelia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Albania" title="Greater Albania">Albania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Albania_and_Kosovo" title="Unification of Albania and Kosovo">unification with Kosovo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bosnia" title="Greater Bosnia">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Croatia" title="Greater Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_nationalism" title="Greek nationalism">Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_dispute" title="Aegean dispute">Aegean dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_nationalism" title="Greek Cypriot nationalism">Cyprus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Enosis" title="Enosis">Enosis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Megali_Idea" title="Megali Idea">Megali Idea</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Macedonia" title="United Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_irredentism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese irredentism">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Serbia" title="Greater Serbia">Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Myth" title="Kosovo Myth">Kosovo Myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Kosovo" title="Partition of Kosovo">partition of Kosovo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_irredentism" title="Spanish irredentism">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galicia_irredenta" title="Galicia irredenta">Galicia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Slovenia" title="United Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_irredentism" title="Yugoslav irredentism">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism" title="Italian irredentism">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Corfu" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian irredentism in Corfu">Corfu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Corsica" title="Italian irredentism in Corsica">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Dalmatia" title="Italian irredentism in Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Istria" title="Italian irredentism in Istria">Istria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Switzerland" title="Italian irredentism in Switzerland">Italian Grisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Malta" title="Italian irredentism in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Nice" title="Italian irredentism in Nice">Nice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Savoy" title="Italian irredentism in Savoy">Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Switzerland" title="Italian irredentism in Switzerland">Ticino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Belgium" title="Greater Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_union" title="Celtic union">Celtics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_borders_of_France" title="Natural borders of France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rattachism" title="Rattachism">Wallonia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_question" title="German question">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_nationalism_in_Austria" title="German nationalism in Austria">Austria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">annexation of Austria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanism" title="Pan-Germanism">Pan-Germanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Germanic_Reich" title="Greater Germanic Reich">Greater Germanic Reich</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Ireland" title="United Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Netherlands" title="Greater Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlargement of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="List of proposed provinces and territories of Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_relations" title="Canada–Turks and Caicos Islands relations">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconquista_(Mexico)" title="Reconquista (Mexico)">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Saint_Martin" title="Unification of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/51st_state" title="51st state">51st state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movements_for_the_annexation_of_Canada_to_the_United_States" title="Movements for the annexation of Canada to the United States">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposals_for_the_United_States_to_purchase_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Proposals for the United States to purchase Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_of_Mexico_Movement" title="All of Mexico Movement">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostend_Manifesto" title="Ostend Manifesto">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_annexation_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Proposed annexation of Santo Domingo">Dominican Republic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_states_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of proposed states of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuan_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Papuan unification">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_unification" title="Samoan unification">Samoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_irredentism" title="Argentine irredentism">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_expansionism" title="Chilean expansionism">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reunification_of_Gran_Colombia" title="Reunification of Gran Colombia">Colombia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Related concepts:</i> <i><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_border_changes_since_1914" class="mw-redirect" title="List of national border changes since 1914">Border changes since 1914</a> · <a href="/wiki/Partition_(politics)" title="Partition (politics)">Partitionism</a> · <a href="/wiki/Political_union" title="Political union">Reunification</a> · <a href="/wiki/Revanchism" title="Revanchism">Revanchism</a> · <a href="/wiki/Revanchism" title="Revanchism">Revisionism</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rump_state" title="Rump state">Rump state</a></b></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Index_of_Korea-related_articles159" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Korea_topics" title="Template:Korea topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Korea_topics" title="Template talk:Korea topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Korea_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Korea topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Index_of_Korea-related_articles159" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Index of <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>-related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History_of_Korea159" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Korea" title="History of Korea">History of Korea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Korea" title="Military history of Korea">Military history of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Korea" title="List of monarchs of Korea">List of monarchs of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Korean_history" title="Timeline of Korean history">Timeline of Korean history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chronology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gojoseon" title="Gojoseon">Gojoseon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dangun_Joseon" class="mw-redirect" title="Dangun Joseon">Dangun Joseon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gija_Joseon" title="Gija Joseon">Gija Joseon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wiman_Joseon" title="Wiman Joseon">Wiman Joseon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jin_(Korean_state)" title="Jin (Korean state)">Jin (Korean state)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto%E2%80%93Three_Kingdoms_period" title="Proto–Three Kingdoms period">Proto–Three Kingdoms of Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buyeo" title="Buyeo">Buyeo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Okjeo" title="Okjeo">Okjeo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ye" title="Eastern Ye">Dongye</a> / <a href="/wiki/Samhan" title="Samhan">Samhan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Four_Commanderies_of_Han" title="Four Commanderies of Han">Four Commanderies of Han</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea" title="Three Kingdoms of Korea">Three Kingdoms of Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Baekje" title="Baekje">Baekje</a> / <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gaya_confederacy" title="Gaya confederacy">Gaya confederacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_States_period" title="Northern and Southern States period">North–South States Period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Silla" class="mw-redirect" title="United Silla">Later Silla</a> / <a href="/wiki/Balhae" title="Balhae">Balhae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_Three_Kingdoms" title="Later Three Kingdoms">Later Three Kingdoms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taebong" title="Taebong">Taebong</a> / <a href="/wiki/Later_Baekje" title="Later Baekje">Later Baekje</a> / <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Empire" title="Korean Empire">Korean Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Korea under Japanese rule</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea" title="Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea">Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Military_Government_in_Korea" title="United States Army Military Government in Korea">United States Army Military Government in Korea</a> / <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Civil_Administration" title="Soviet Civil Administration">Soviet Civil Administration</a> / <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Korea" title="History of South Korea">History of South Korea</a> / <a href="/wiki/History_of_North_Korea" title="History of North Korea">History of North Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography_of_Korea159" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Korea" title="Geography of Korea">Geography of Korea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_North_Korea" title="Template:Borders of North Korea">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korean Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands of Korea">List of islands of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Korea" title="List of lakes of Korea">List of lakes of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Korea" title="List of mountains in Korea">List of mountains in Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Korea" title="List of rivers of Korea">List of rivers of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Korea" title="Provinces of Korea">Provinces of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Korea" title="Regions of Korea">Regions of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_South_Korea" title="Geology of South Korea">Geology of South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floods_in_Korea" title="Floods in Korea">Floods in Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_North_Korea" title="Geography of North Korea">Geography of North Korea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_North_Korea" title="Administrative divisions of North Korea">Administrative divisions of North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_North_Korea" title="List of cities in North Korea">List of cities in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_cities_of_North_Korea" title="Special cities of North Korea">Special cities of North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_North_Korea" title="Geology of North Korea">Geology of North Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_South_Korea" title="Geography of South Korea">Geography of South Korea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_South_Korea" title="Administrative divisions of South Korea">Administrative divisions of South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_South_Korea" title="Environment of South Korea">Environment of South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_South_Korea" title="List of cities in South Korea">List of cities in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_special_cities_of_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="List of special cities of South Korea">List of special cities of South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_South_Korea" title="List of World Heritage Sites in South Korea">List of World Heritage Sites in South Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics159" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Politics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Korea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_North_Korea" title="Politics of North Korea">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_North_Korea" title="Constitution of North Korea">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_North_Korea" title="Foreign relations of North Korea">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="North Korea–South Korea relations">Relations with South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_North_Korea" title="Government of North Korea">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Leader_(North_Korean_title)" title="Supreme Leader (North Korean title)">Supreme Leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_North_Korea" title="List of heads of state of North Korea">Heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_North_Korea" title="Premier of North Korea">Premier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Army" title="Korean People's Army">Korean People's Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="North Korea and weapons of mass destruction">WMD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_North_Korea" title="Elections in North Korea">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Workers' Party of Korea">Workers' Party of Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea">General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Politburo of the Workers' Party of Korea">Politburo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Secretariat of the Workers' Party of Korea">Secretariat</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Affairs_Commission_of_North_Korea" title="State Affairs Commission of North Korea">State Affairs Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_State_Affairs_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the State Affairs Commission">President of State Affairs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Assembly" title="Supreme People's Assembly">Supreme People's Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_North_Korea" title="Law of North Korea">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_North_Korea" title="Human rights in North Korea">Human rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Korea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_South_Korea" title="Politics of South Korea">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_South_Korea" title="Constitution of South Korea">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_South_Korea" title="Foreign relations of South Korea">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="North Korea–South Korea relations">Relations with North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Korea" title="Government of South Korea">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Korea" title="President of South Korea">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Korea" title="Prime Minister of South Korea">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of Korea Armed Forces">Republic of Korea Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="South Korea and weapons of mass destruction">WMD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_South_Korea" title="Elections in South Korea">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_elections_in_South_Korea" title="Presidential elections in South Korea">Presidential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_elections_in_South_Korea" title="Legislative elections in South Korea">Legislative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_South_Korea" title="List of political parties in South Korea">Political parties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(South_Korea)" title="National Assembly (South Korea)">National Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_South_Korea" title="Judiciary of South Korea">Judiciary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Korea" title="Constitutional Court of Korea">Constitutional Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Korea" title="Supreme Court of Korea">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_courts_of_South_Korea" title="High courts of South Korea">High courts</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_South_Korea" title="Law of South Korea">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_South_Korea" title="Human rights in South Korea">Human rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Economy159" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Economy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Korea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_North_Korea" title="Economy of North Korea">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_North_Korea" title="Agriculture in North Korea">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_North_Korea" title="Automotive industry in North Korea">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_North_Korea" title="Energy in North Korea">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_North_Korea" title="Telecommunications in North Korea">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_North_Korea" title="Tourism in North Korea">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_North_Korea" title="Transport in North Korea">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_won" title="North Korean won">North Korean won</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(currency)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_famine" class="mw-redirect" title="North Korean famine">North Korean famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangmadang" title="Jangmadang">Jangmadang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_North_Korea" title="Mining in North Korea">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rason_Special_Economic_Zone" title="Rason Special Economic Zone">Rason Special Economic Zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Korea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_South_Korea" title="Economy of South Korea">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_South_Korea" title="Agriculture in South Korea">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_South_Korea" title="Automotive industry in South Korea">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaebol" title="Chaebol">Chaebol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality_in_South_Korea" title="Economic inequality in South Korea">Economic inequality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_South_Korea" title="Squatting in South Korea">Squatting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_South_Korea" title="Energy in South Korea">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_South_Korea" title="Telecommunications in South Korea">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_South_Korea" title="Tourism in South Korea">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_South_Korea" title="Transport in South Korea">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_won" title="South Korean won">South Korean won</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(currency)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_services_in_South_Korea" title="Financial services in South Korea">Financial services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_South_Korea" title="Fishing industry in South Korea">Fishing industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_on_the_Han_River" title="Miracle on the Han River">Miracle on the Han River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_South_Korea" title="Science and technology in South Korea">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_South_Korea" title="Trade unions in South Korea">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Asian_financial_crisis" title="1997 Asian financial crisis">1997 Asian financial crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Demographics159" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Demographics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koreans" title="Koreans">Koreans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_North_Korea" title="Demographics of North Korea">Demographics of North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_South_Korea" title="Demographics of South Korea">Demographics of South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aging_of_South_Korea" title="Aging of South Korea">Aging of South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_South_Korea" title="Gender inequality in South Korea">Gender inequality in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_birth_rate_in_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Low birth rate in South Korea">Low birth rate in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_adoption_of_South_Korean_children" title="International adoption of South Korean children">International adoption of South Korean children</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreatown" title="Koreatown">Koreatown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_name" title="Korean name">Korean name</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Culture_of_Korea159" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Korea" title="Culture of Korea">Culture of Korea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Korea" title="Cinema of Korea">Cinema of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalization_in_South_Korea" title="Globalization in South Korea">Globalization in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_martial_arts" title="Korean martial arts">Korean martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_mythology" title="Korean mythology">Korean mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_philosophy" title="Korean philosophy">Korean philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Korea" title="Religion in Korea">Religion in Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ssireum" title="Ssireum">Ssireum</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(wrestling)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_sword" title="Korean sword">Korean sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_tea_ceremony" title="Korean tea ceremony">Korean tea ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattooing_in_South_Korea" title="Tattooing in South Korea">Tattooing in South Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Korean_art" title="Korean art">Korean art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_architecture" title="Korean architecture">Korean architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_calligraphy" title="Korean calligraphy">Korean calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_drama" title="Korean drama">Korean drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_literature" title="Korean literature">Korean literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_music_of_Korea" title="Traditional music of Korea">Traditional music of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_painting" title="Korean painting">Korean painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_pottery_and_porcelain" title="Korean pottery and porcelain">Korean pottery and porcelain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_North_Korea" title="Culture of North Korea">Culture of North Korea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_North_Korea" title="Education in North Korea">Education in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_literature" title="North Korean literature">North Korean literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_Korea" title="Religion in North Korea">Religion in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_North_Korea" title="Smoking in North Korea">Smoking in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_North_Korea" title="Sport in North Korea">Sport in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arirang_Mass_Games" title="Arirang Mass Games">Arirang Festival</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_North_Korea" title="Propaganda in North Korea">Propaganda in North Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_South_Korea" title="Culture of South Korea">Culture of South Korea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_South_Korea" title="Education in South Korea">Education in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Korea" title="Religion in South Korea">Religion in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_South_Korea" title="Smoking in South Korea">Smoking in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_South_Korea" title="Sport in South Korea">Sport in South Korea</a></li> <li>Cultural icons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Wave" title="Korean Wave">Korean Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-pop" title="K-pop">K-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage in South Korea">Marriage in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_South_Korea" title="Mass media in South Korea">Media of South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_South_Korea" title="Sexuality in South Korea">Sexuality in South Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unification_Church171" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Unification_Church" title="Template:Unification Church"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Unification_Church" title="Template talk:Unification Church"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Unification_Church" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Unification Church"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unification_Church171" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Unification_Church" title="Unification Church">Unification Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Doctrines and ceremonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Divine_Principle" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Principle">Divine Principle</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessing_ceremony_of_the_Unification_Church" title="Blessing ceremony of the Unification Church">Blessing ceremony of the Unification Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_Church_funeral" title="Unification Church funeral">Unification Church funeral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organizations_related_to_the_Unification_Church" title="Organizations related to the Unification Church">Organizations and projects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chungnam_Ilhwa_Chunma_WFC" title="Chungnam Ilhwa Chunma WFC">Chungnam Ilhwa Chunma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clube_Atl%C3%A9tico_Sorocaba" title="Clube Atlético Sorocaba">Clube Atlético Sorocaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clube_Esportivo_Nova_Esperan%C3%A7a" title="Clube Esportivo Nova Esperança">Clube Esportivo Nova Esperança</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Peace_Association" title="Family Peace Association">Family Peace Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Peace_Foundation" title="Global Peace Foundation">Global Peace Foundation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inchon_(film)" title="Inchon (film)">Inchon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Insight_on_the_News" title="Insight on the News">Insight magazine</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_on_the_Unity_of_the_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="International Conference on the Unity of the Sciences">International Conference on the Unity of the Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Angels_Children%27s_Folk_Ballet_of_Korea" title="Little Angels Children's Folk Ballet of Korea">Little Angels Children's Folk Ballet of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Center" title="Manhattan Center">Manhattan Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_World_Communications" title="News World Communications">News World Communications</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lee_Shapiro" title="Lee Shapiro">Nicaragua Was Our Home</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Cup" title="Peace Cup">Peace Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyeonghwa_Motors" title="Pyeonghwa Motors">Pyeonghwa Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_of_Iron_Ministries" title="Rod of Iron Ministries">Rod of Iron Ministries</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Segye_Ilbo" title="Segye Ilbo">Segye Ilbo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seongnam_FC" title="Seongnam FC">Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Moon_University" title="Sun Moon University">Sun Myung Moon University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongil_Group" title="Tongil Group">Tongil Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_Church_of_the_United_States" title="Unification Church of the United States">Unification Church of the United States</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wilson_(academic)" title="Andrew Wilson (academic)">World Scripture</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyndham_New_Yorker_Hotel" title="Wyndham New Yorker Hotel">Wyndham New Yorker Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_Theological_Seminary" title="Unification Theological Seminary">Unification Theological Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Ballet" title="Universal Ballet">Universal Ballet</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History and controversy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Unification_Church_in_Japan" title="Criticism of Unification Church in Japan">Criticism of Unification Church in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Shinzo_Abe" title="Assassination of Shinzo Abe">Assassination of Shinzo Abe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crazy_for_God_(expression)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crazy for God (expression)">"Crazy for God"</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Heavenly_deception" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavenly deception">Heavenly deception</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Love_bombing" title="Love bombing">Love bombing</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Million_Family_March" title="Million Family March">Million Family March</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Moonie_(nickname)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moonie (nickname)">Moonie (nickname)</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcommittee_on_International_Organizations_of_the_Committee_on_International_Relations" title="Subcommittee on International Organizations of the Committee on International Relations">Subcommittee on International Organizations of the Committee on International Relations</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Sun_Myung_Moon" title="United States v. Sun Myung Moon">United States of America v. Sun Myung Moon</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Unification_Church_and_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="The Unification Church and politics">The Unification Church and politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/As_a_Peace-Loving_Global_Citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="As a Peace-Loving Global Citizen">As a Peace-Loving Global Citizen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_Cult:_A_Study_of_Conversion,_Proselytization,_and_Maintenance_of_Faith" title="Doomsday Cult: A Study of Conversion, Proselytization, and Maintenance of Faith">Doomsday Cult: A Study of Conversion, Proselytization, and Maintenance of Faith</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gifts_of_Deceit" title="Gifts of Deceit">Gifts of Deceit</a></i></li> <li><i><a 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