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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Commonwealth Secretariat</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Commonwealth_of_Nations_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/40/Commonwealth_of_Nations_logo.svg/220px-Commonwealth_of_Nations_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/40/Commonwealth_of_Nations_logo.svg/330px-Commonwealth_of_Nations_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/40/Commonwealth_of_Nations_logo.svg/440px-Commonwealth_of_Nations_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="100" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Logo</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">1965<span class="noprint">; 59 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1965</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">Primary organ of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marlborough_House" title="Marlborough House">Marlborough House</a><br /><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/SW_postcode_area" title="SW postcode area">SW1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Secretary-General" title="Commonwealth Secretary-General">Secretary-General</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Scotland" title="Patricia Scotland">Patricia Scotland</a> (2016–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent organisation</div></th><td class="infobox-data">The <a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Commonwealth" title="Head of the Commonwealth">Head of the Commonwealth</a> and<br />The <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Heads_of_Government_Meeting" title="Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting">Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting</a> (CHOGM)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecommonwealth.org/">www<wbr />.thecommonwealth<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Commonwealth Secretariat</b> is the main intergovernmental agency and central institution of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>. It is responsible for facilitating co-operation between members; organising meetings, including the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Heads_of_Government_Meeting" title="Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting">Commonwealth Heads of Government Meetings</a> (CHOGM); assisting and advising on policy development; and providing assistance to countries in implementing the decisions and policies of the Commonwealth.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Secretariat has <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_observers" title="United Nations General Assembly observers">observer</a> status in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>. It is located at <a href="/wiki/Marlborough_House" title="Marlborough House">Marlborough House</a> in London, the United Kingdom, a former royal residence that was given by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Commonwealth" title="Head of the Commonwealth">Head of the Commonwealth at the time</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Secretariat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marlborough_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Marlborough_House.jpg/220px-Marlborough_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Marlborough_House.jpg/330px-Marlborough_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Marlborough_House.jpg/440px-Marlborough_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1928" data-file-height="1434" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marlborough_House" title="Marlborough House">Marlborough House</a>, London, the headquarters of the Commonwealth Secretariat, the Commonwealth's principal intergovernmental institution</figcaption></figure> <p>The Secretariat was established by the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Heads_of_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Heads of Government">Heads of Government</a> in 1965, taking over many of the functions of the United Kingdom Government's <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Commonwealth_Relations" title="Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations">Commonwealth Relations Office</a>, as part of a major shake-up of the organisation of the Commonwealth. The purpose of the Secretariat was to serve as an "information exchange" for the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_of_Nations_prime_ministers" title="List of Commonwealth of Nations prime ministers">Commonwealth Prime Ministers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, the United Kingdom succeeded in advocating the creation of the Secretariat's sister organisation, the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Foundation" title="Commonwealth Foundation">Commonwealth Foundation</a>, which was founded to foster non-governmental relations and the promotion of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Family">Commonwealth Family</a> network of civil societies.<sup id="cite_ref-Canada_and_the_creation_of_the_Commonwealth_Secretariat_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canada_and_the_creation_of_the_Commonwealth_Secretariat-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other attempts by members to create similar central bodies, such as a medical conference (proposed by <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>), a development bank (<a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>), and an institution for satellite communications (<a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>) failed.<sup id="cite_ref-Canada_and_the_creation_of_the_Commonwealth_Secretariat_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canada_and_the_creation_of_the_Commonwealth_Secretariat-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The creation of the Secretariat itself was a contentious issue. The United Kingdom and other long-established countries had hoped to slow the expansion of Commonwealth membership to prevent the dilution of their traditional power within the Commonwealth (particularly after the admission of <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Canada_and_the_creation_of_the_Commonwealth_Secretariat_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canada_and_the_creation_of_the_Commonwealth_Secretariat-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The newer members of the Commonwealth wanted to reduce British power and influence, so formed the Secretariat which would be operated and financed by members from all Commonwealth countries.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By diversifying the staff who worked in the Commonwealth, different points of view and perspectives would be seen. This may have involved a dual-tiered Commonwealth, requiring the continuation of the organisation of Commonwealth co-operation by meetings, rather than a central administration. However, the new African members were keener to create an independent inter-governmental "central clearing house" (as <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah" title="Kwame Nkrumah">Kwame Nkrumah</a> described it) to remove power from the older dominions.<sup id="cite_ref-Canada_and_the_creation_of_the_Commonwealth_Secretariat_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canada_and_the_creation_of_the_Commonwealth_Secretariat-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Milton_Obote" title="Milton Obote">Milton Obote</a> of <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> was the first to propose a specifically titled "secretariat", which was then formally proposed by <a href="/wiki/Eric_Williams" title="Eric Williams">Eric Williams</a> of <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a>, who wished to see it based upon the secretariats of the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">OAS</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">EEC</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">OAU</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Canada_and_the_creation_of_the_Commonwealth_Secretariat_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canada_and_the_creation_of_the_Commonwealth_Secretariat-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Earlier attempts at the formation of a central secretariat had failed. <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> had proposed the establishment four times (in 1907, 1924, 1932, and 1944), whilst New Zealand had also made proposals in 1909 and 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-Canada_and_the_creation_of_the_Commonwealth_Secretariat_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canada_and_the_creation_of_the_Commonwealth_Secretariat-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, in July 1964, the Commonwealth Prime Ministers met in London to discuss the establishment of an independent secretariat for the Commonwealth. Many of these members agreed and were unopposed to this idea as they believed this Secretariat would help centralize and broaden the Commonwealth for all members, not solely on Britain. <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Rhodesian_Crisis">The Rhodesian Crisis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Secretariat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Rhodesian Crisis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Smith" title="Arnold Smith">Arnold Smith</a>, a Canadian Diplomat, was the first Commonwealth Secretary General with Amishadai Larson Adu (A. L. Adu) of Ghana and <a href="/wiki/Tilak_Goonaratne" title="Tilak Goonaratne">Tilak Gooneratne</a> of Ceylon as the first deputy secretaries-general. <sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1965, the <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia%27s_Unilateral_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence">Rhodesian Declaration of Independence</a> was issued, gaining its sovereignty from the British in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a>. Simultaneously, however, Smith was performing his first official visit as Secretary General to east and central Africa. Due to his diplomatic, peacemaking abilities, he was able to save the Commonwealth from dissolving as a result of clashing opinions. As a result, the prime ministers of the Commonwealth formed a sanctions committee that taught prime ministers how the sanctions they implemented on the "illegal" Salisbury regime were maintained, and a standing committee, primarily focused on assisting to train Rhodesian Africans. More state crisis occurred after, shifting the Secretariat's dominant focus to peacemaking efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Rhodesian Crisis proved the Commonwealth Secretariat's competence and credibility as their professional diplomat skills allowed them to respond to crisis immediately and efficiently. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Staff">Staff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Secretariat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Staff"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The chief executive of the Secretariat, and of the Commonwealth as a whole, is the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Secretary-General" title="Commonwealth Secretary-General">Commonwealth Secretary-General</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All Secretariat staff report to the secretary-general, who is also responsible for spending the Secretariat's budget, which is granted by the Heads of Government. It is the secretary-general, and not the ceremonial <a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Commonwealth" title="Head of the Commonwealth">Head of the Commonwealth</a>, that represents the Commonwealth publicly. The secretary-general is elected by the Heads of Government at the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Heads_of_Government_meeting" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Heads of Government meeting">Commonwealth Heads of Government meetings</a> for terms of four years; until 2000, a term was five years. The current Secretary-General is <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Scotland,_Baroness_Scotland_of_Asthal" class="mw-redirect" title="Patricia Scotland, Baroness Scotland of Asthal">Patricia Scotland</a>, who replaced <a href="/wiki/Kamalesh_Sharma" title="Kamalesh Sharma">Kamalesh Sharma</a> as secretary-general on 1 April 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-Kamalesh_Sharma_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kamalesh_Sharma-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The secretary-general is assisted by three <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Deputy_Secretary-General" title="Commonwealth Deputy Secretary-General">deputy secretaries-general</a>: one responsible for economic affairs (currently Deodat Maharaj), one for political affairs (<a href="/wiki/Josephine_Ojiambo" title="Josephine Ojiambo">Josephine Ojiambo</a>), and one for corporate affairs (Gary Dunn). The secretary-general may appoint junior staff at his own discretion, provided the Secretariat can afford it, whilst the more senior staff may be appointed only from a shortlist of nominations from the Heads of Government.<sup id="cite_ref-Doxey_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doxey-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In practice, the secretary-general has more power than this; member governments consult the secretary-general on nominations, and secretaries-general have also at times submitted nominations of their own.<sup id="cite_ref-Doxey_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doxey-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All members of staff are exempt from <a href="/wiki/Income_tax_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Income tax in the United Kingdom">income tax</a>, under the <a href="/wiki/International_Organisations_Act_2005" title="International Organisations Act 2005">International Organisations Act 2005</a>, which redefined the legal status of the Secretariat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Headquarters">Headquarters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Secretariat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Headquarters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Secretariat is headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Marlborough_House" title="Marlborough House">Marlborough House</a>, in London, the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Marlborough_House_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Marlborough_House-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marlborough House is located on <a href="/wiki/Pall_Mall,_London" title="Pall Mall, London">Pall Mall</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">Westminster</a>, next to <a href="/wiki/St._James%27s_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="St. James's Palace">St. James's Palace</a>, which is formally the location of the British <a href="/wiki/Court_of_St._James%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of St. James's">Royal Court</a>. Marlborough House was previously a royal residence in its own right, but was given by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom">Queen Elizabeth II</a>, the former <a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Commonwealth" title="Head of the Commonwealth">Head of the Commonwealth</a>, to the British government in September 1959 for use for Commonwealth purposes. This was first realised three years later. Another three years later, in 1965, the building passed to the Secretariat upon its foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Marlborough_House_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Marlborough_House-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building itself was designed by <a href="/wiki/Sir_Christopher_Wren" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Christopher Wren">Sir Christopher Wren</a> and served as the London residence of the <a href="/wiki/Dukes_of_Marlborough" class="mw-redirect" title="Dukes of Marlborough">dukes of Marlborough</a> until it was given to <a href="/wiki/Princess_Charlotte_Augusta_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Charlotte Augusta of Wales">Princess Charlotte</a> in 1817.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Marlborough_House_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Marlborough_House-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Secretariat_Act_1966" title="Commonwealth Secretariat Act 1966">Commonwealth Secretariat Act 1966</a>, which applied retroactively from the establishment of the Secretariat in 1965, first granted the organisation full <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_immunity" title="Diplomatic immunity">diplomatic immunity</a>. This has been subjected to a number of lawsuits challenging this, including <i>Mohsin v Commonwealth Secretariat</i>, and in 2005, <i><a href="/wiki/Sumukan_Limited_v_Commonwealth_Secretariat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumukan Limited v Commonwealth Secretariat">Sumukan Limited v Commonwealth Secretariat</a></i>. The 1966 Act had been interpreted by <a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">English</a> courts as allowing the courts to exercise supervisory jurisdiction under the <a href="/wiki/Arbitration_Act_1996" title="Arbitration Act 1996">Arbitration Act 1996</a> over the Commonwealth's arbitration tribunal, which had been envisaged as the sole organ to arbitrate on matters related to the Secretariat's operations in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-International_Organisations_Bill_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-International_Organisations_Bill-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In light of this interpretation, the Commonwealth Secretariat Act was amended by the <a href="/wiki/International_Organisations_Act_2005" title="International Organisations Act 2005">International Organisations Act 2005</a>, which gave the Commonwealth Secretariat Arbitral Tribunal the same legal immunity as the Secretariat itself, guaranteeing independence of the English courts.<sup id="cite_ref-International_Organisations_Bill_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-International_Organisations_Bill-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Secretariat&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Commonwealth_games_2006_countries_map.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Commonwealth_games_2006_countries_map.PNG/314px-Commonwealth_games_2006_countries_map.PNG" decoding="async" width="314" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Commonwealth_games_2006_countries_map.PNG/471px-Commonwealth_games_2006_countries_map.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Commonwealth_games_2006_countries_map.PNG/628px-Commonwealth_games_2006_countries_map.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption>The Member Countries of the Commonwealth</figcaption></figure> <p>The Commonwealth Secretariat comprises 56 independent countries, 33 small states (states with a population of 1.5 million or less), and 2.7 billion citizens. <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of November 2007, when the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_heads_of_government" title="List of Commonwealth heads of government">Commonwealth Heads of Government</a> held a meeting in Uganda, they reviewed and solidified the rules for membership into the Secretariat. The Commonwealth Secretariat outlines these membership rules: </p> <ol><li>The applicant country should have had a past constitutional association with an existing Commonwealth member.</li> <li>Applications will be considered on a case by case basis save for exceptional circumstances.</li> <li>The applicant country is expected to abide by the fundamental values written out in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecommonwealth.org/declaration-commonwealth-principles-1971">1971 Declaration of Commonwealth Principles</a></li> <li>The applicant country should show commitment to democracy and its processes such as "free and fair elections and representative legislatures; the rule of law and independence of the judiciary; good governance, including a well-trained public service and transparent public accounts; and protection of human rights, freedom of expression, and equality of opportunity."</li> <li>The applicant country should embrace the Commonwealth norms and agreements such as "the use of the English language as the medium of inter-Commonwealth relations, and acknowledge <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">His Majesty King Charles III</a> as the Head of the Commonwealth."</li> <li>Lastly, newly admitted members are encouraged to join the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonwealthfoundation.com/">Commonwealth Foundation</a> and to advance a strong <a href="/wiki/Civil_society" title="Civil society">civil society</a> and business organizations within their respective countries and promoting democratic practices.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Secretariat&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Foundation" title="Commonwealth Foundation">Commonwealth Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Youth_Programme" title="Commonwealth Youth Programme">Commonwealth Youth Programme</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Secretariat&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070819010932/http://www.thecommonwealth.org/subhomepage/151087/">"Commonwealth Secretariat"</a>. Commonwealth Secretariat. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecommonwealth.org/subhomepage/151087/">the original</a> on 19 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commonwealth+Secretariat&rft.pub=Commonwealth+Secretariat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecommonwealth.org%2Fsubhomepage%2F151087%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommonwealth+Secretariat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVivekanandan1967" class="citation journal cs1">Vivekanandan, B. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+The+Commonwealth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fcountry_profiles%2F1554175.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommonwealth+Secretariat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kamalesh_Sharma-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kamalesh_Sharma_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thecommonwealth.org/media/news/together-we-are-so-much-stronger-says-scotland-her-first-day-new-secretary-general">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Together we are so much stronger' says Scotland as she becomes new Secretary-General"</a>. 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Commonwealth Secretariat. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecommonwealth.org/Internal/34467/151305/marlborough_house_history/">the original</a> on 24 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Commonwealth&rft.atitle=Member+countries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthecommonwealth.org%2Four-member-countries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommonwealth+Secretariat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecommonwealth.org/about/joining">"Joining the Commonwealth"</a>. <i>Commonwealth</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Commonwealth&rft.atitle=Joining+the+Commonwealth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthecommonwealth.org%2Fabout%2Fjoining&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommonwealth+Secretariat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Secretariat&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecommonwealth.org/">Commonwealth Secretariat official website</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Commonwealth_of_Nations_topics" title="Template:Commonwealth of Nations topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Commonwealth_of_Nations_topics" title="Template talk:Commonwealth of Nations topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth_of_Nations_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth of Nations topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Commonwealth_of_Nations_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Commonwealth_of_Nations_key_documents" title="Template:Commonwealth of Nations key documents">Key documents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Timeline of the Commonwealth of Nations">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Commonwealth" title="Head of the Commonwealth">Head of the Commonwealth</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Secretary-General" title="Commonwealth Secretary-General">Secretary-General</a> (<a href="/wiki/Patricia_Scotland" title="Patricia Scotland">Patricia Scotland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Deputy_Secretary-General" title="Commonwealth Deputy Secretary-General">Deputy Secretaries-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlborough_House" title="Marlborough House">Marlborough House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Youth_Programme" title="Commonwealth Youth Programme">Commonwealth Youth Programme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_heads_of_government" title="List of Commonwealth heads of government">Heads of government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Heads_of_Government_Meeting" title="Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting">Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Chair-in-Office" title="Commonwealth Chair-in-Office">Chair-in-Office</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paul_Kagame" title="Paul Kagame">Paul Kagame</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Ministerial_Action_Group" title="Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group">Ministerial Action Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Family">Commonwealth Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Commonwealth_Universities" title="Association of Commonwealth Universities">Association of Commonwealth Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Business_Council" title="Commonwealth Business Council">Commonwealth Business Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Foundation" title="Commonwealth Foundation">Commonwealth Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Parliamentary_Association" title="Commonwealth Parliamentary Association">Commonwealth Parliamentary Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_War_Graves_Commission" title="Commonwealth War Graves Commission">Commonwealth War Graves Commission</a><br /><a href="/wiki/British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Museum" title="British Empire and Commonwealth Museum">BECM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commonwealth_Association_of_Planners&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commonwealth Association of Planners (page does not exist)">CAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Broadcasting_Association" title="Commonwealth Broadcasting Association">CBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Education_Trust" title="Commonwealth Education Trust">CET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Human_Rights_Initiative" title="Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative">CHRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Round_Table_(journal)" title="The Round Table (journal)">CJIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Learning" title="Commonwealth of Learning">CoL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Lawyers_Association" title="Commonwealth Lawyers Association">CLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Local_Government_Forum" title="Commonwealth Local Government Forum">CLGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Policy_Studies_Unit" title="Commonwealth Policy Studies Unit">CPSU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Press_Union" title="Commonwealth Press Union">CPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Scholarship_and_Fellowship_Plan" title="Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship Plan">CSFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English-Speaking_Union" title="English-Speaking Union">ESU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Commonwealth_Studies" title="Institute of Commonwealth Studies">ICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Commonwealth_Ex-Services_League" title="Royal Commonwealth Ex-Services League">RCEL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Commonwealth_Society" title="Royal Commonwealth Society">RCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Over-Seas_League" title="Royal Over-Seas League">ROSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_Seekers" title="Sound Seekers">SSI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations_membership_criteria" title="Commonwealth of Nations membership criteria">Membership criteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_membership_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Special membership of the Commonwealth of Nations">Special membership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_from_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Suspension from the Commonwealth of Nations">Suspension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republics_in_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_commissioner_(Commonwealth)" title="High commissioner (Commonwealth)">High Commissioner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_in_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="English in the Commonwealth of Nations">English language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of the Commonwealth of Nations">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Flag of the Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Day" title="Commonwealth Day">Commonwealth Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Writers%27_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Writers' Prize">Commonwealth Writers' Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Youth_Parliament" title="Commonwealth Youth Parliament">Commonwealth Youth Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Table_movement" title="Round Table movement">Round Table movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Round_Table_(journal)" title="The Round Table (journal)"><i>The Round Table</i> Journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_diaspora" title="Commonwealth diaspora">Commonwealth diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Commonwealth of Nations">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Baton_Relay" title="Queen's Baton Relay">King's Baton Relay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Commonwealth_of_Nations-related_lists" title="Category:Commonwealth of Nations-related lists">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Extreme points of the Commonwealth of Nations">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_of_Nations_prime_ministers" title="List of Commonwealth of Nations prime ministers">Prime ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Commonwealth_visits_made_by_Elizabeth_II" title="List of Commonwealth visits made by Elizabeth II">Visits by Queen Elizabeth II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Non-Aligned_Movement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Template:Non-Aligned Movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Template talk:Non-Aligned Movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Non-Aligned Movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Non-Aligned_Movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement#Members,_observers_and_guests" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Members</a> and the NAM</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Cyprus and the Non-Aligned Movement">Cyprus</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Egypt and the Non-Aligned Movement">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Ghana and the Non-Aligned Movement">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="India and the Non-Aligned Movement">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Malta and the Non-Aligned Movement">Malta</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Sri Lanka and the Non-Aligned Movement">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Tanzania and the Non-Aligned Movement">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement">Yugoslavia</a> ‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bureau</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coordinating_Bureau_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordinating Bureau of the Non-Aligned Movement">Coordinating Bureau of the Non-Aligned Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement_Centre_for_South-South_Technical_Cooperation" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Aligned Movement Centre for South-South Technical Cooperation">Centre for South-South Technical Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement#NAM_Centres" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Centre for Science and Technology of the Non-aligned and Other Developing Countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement#NAM_Centres" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Center for Human Rights and Cultural Diversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement_Youth_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Aligned Movement Youth Organization">NAM Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAM_News_Network" title="NAM News Network">NAM News Network</a> (<a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_News_Agencies_Pool" title="Non-Aligned News Agencies Pool">News Agencies Pool</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%22Josip_Broz_Tito%22_Art_Gallery_of_the_Nonaligned_Countries" title=""Josip Broz Tito" Art Gallery of the Nonaligned Countries">"Josip Broz Tito" Art Gallery of the Nonaligned Countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_Principles_of_Peaceful_Coexistence" title="Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence">Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Non-Aligned_Movement_Summits" title="Template:Non-Aligned Movement Summits">Summits</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_Conference" title="Bandung Conference">Bandung Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brioni_Meeting" title="Brioni Meeting">Brioni Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="1st Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="2nd Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="3rd Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="4th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="5th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="6th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="7th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="8th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="9th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="10th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="16th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">16th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">18th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="19th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">19th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito#Non-Alignment" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> (<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukarno#Figurehead_president" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> (<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah" title="Kwame Nkrumah">Kwame Nkrumah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser#Adoption_of_neutralism" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a> (<a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houari_Boumediene#Foreign_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Houari Boumediene">Houari Boumediene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro#Foreign_wars_and_NAM_Presidency:_1975–1979" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela#Foreign_affairs" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi#Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirimavo_Bandaranaike" title="Sirimavo Bandaranaike">Sirimavo Bandaranaike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>‡ denotes a former member state of the Non-Aligned Movement</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" title="Template:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" title="Template talk:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observer Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African,_Caribbean_and_Pacific_Group_of_States" class="mw-redirect" title="African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States">ACP</a> Secretariat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Commonwealth Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">International Organization for Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat" title="United Nations Secretariat">United Nations Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_and_Central_Pacific_Fisheries_Commission" title="Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission">Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dialogue partners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development partner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meetings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/45th_Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="45th Pacific Islands Forum">45th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51st_Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="51st Pacific Islands Forum">51st</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3954348#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3954348#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" 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