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bases</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: mannich bases"> <meta name="keywords" content="mannich bases"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="mannich bases" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="mannich bases"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 295</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: mannich bases</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">115</span> Preparation of Nano-Scaled linbo3 by Polyol Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriella%20Dravecz">Gabriella Dravecz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3%20P%C3%A9ter"> László Péter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zsolt%20Kis"> Zsolt Kis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Abstract— The growth of optical LiNbO3 single crystal and its physical and chemical properties are well known on the macroscopic scale. Nowadays the rare-earth doped single crystals became important for coherent quantum optical experiments: electromagnetically induced transparency, slow down of light pulses, coherent quantum memory. The expansion of applications is increasingly requiring the production of nano scaled LiNbO3 particles. For example, rare-earth doped nanoscaled particles of lithium niobate can be act like single photon source which can be the bases of a coding system of the quantum computer providing complete inaccessibility to strangers. The polyol method is a chemical synthesis where oxide formation occurs instead of hydroxide because of the high temperature. Moreover the polyol medium limits the growth and agglomeration of the grains producing particles with the diameter of 30-200 nm. In this work nano scaled LiNbO3 was prepared by the polyol method. The starting materials (niobium oxalate and LiOH) were diluted in H2O2. Then it was suspended in ethylene glycol and heated up to about the boiling point of the mixture with intensive stirring. After the thermal equilibrium was reached, the mixture was kept in this temperature for 4 hours. The suspension was cooled overnight. The mixture was centrifuged and the particles were filtered. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurement was carried out and the size of the particles were found to be 80-100 nms. This was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) investigations. The element analysis of SEM showed large amount of Nb in the sample. The production of LiNbO3 nano particles were succesful by the polyol method. The agglomeration of the particles were avoided and the size of 80-100nm could be reached. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithium-niobate" title="lithium-niobate">lithium-niobate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyol" title=" polyol"> polyol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136694/preparation-of-nano-scaled-linbo3-by-polyol-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136694.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">114</span> Methylene Blue Removal Using NiO nanoparticles-Sand Adsorption Packed Bed</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nedal%20N.%20Marei">Nedal N. Marei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nashaat%20Nassar"> Nashaat Nassar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many treatment techniques have been used to remove the soluble pollutants from wastewater as; dyes and metal ions which could be found in rich amount in the used water of the textile and tanneries industry. The effluents from these industries are complex, containing a wide variety of dyes and other contaminants, such as dispersants, acids, bases, salts, detergents, humectants, oxidants, and others. These techniques can be divided into physical, chemical, and biological methods. Adsorption has been developed as an efficient method for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated water and soil. It is now recognized as an effective method for the removal of both organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewaters. Nanosize materials are new functional materials, which offer high surface area and have come up as effective adsorbents. Nano alumina is one of the most important ceramic materials widely used as an electrical insulator, presenting exceptionally high resistance to chemical agents, as well as giving excellent performance as a catalyst for many chemical reactions, in microelectronic, membrane applications, and water and wastewater treatment. In this study, methylene blue (MB) dye has been used as model dye of textile wastewater in order to synthesize a synthetic MB wastewater. NiO nanoparticles were added in small percentage in the sand packed bed adsorption columns to remove the MB from the synthetic textile wastewater. Moreover, different parameters have been evaluated; flow of the synthetic wastewater, pH, height of the bed, percentage of the NiO to the sand in the packed material. Different mathematical models where employed to find the proper model which describe the experimental data and help to analyze the mechanism of the MB adsorption. This study will provide good understanding of the dyes adsorption using metal oxide nanoparticles in the classical sand bed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=column" title=" column"> column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methylene" title=" methylene "> methylene </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31295/methylene-blue-removal-using-nio-nanoparticles-sand-adsorption-packed-bed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31295.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">113</span> The Concept of Female Beauty in Contemporary (2000-2020) Fine Arts and Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Ukolova">Maria Ukolova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Social and cultural processes over the past decades have largely affected the understanding of conventional female beauty all over the world. Fine arts and design tendencies could not remain unchanged and show a dynamic interplay with female rights, gender equality, and other social processes. As of now, the area lacks comprehensive academic research on the tendencies of understanding female beauty in contemporary art. This article makes an attempt to outline and analyse the main tendencies of contemporary works of art that turn to the image of a woman, including photography, digital art, and various forms of design. The research bases itself on paintings, performing arts, photography, digital art, and various forms of design, mainly on the principle of the most broadly resonated in society, as an empirical basis, and on existing researches in the sphere. The results of the research show a general trend that the concept of female beauty in art is either challenged as such or its understanding has shifted to individuality, diversity, and the state of mental health. However, some categories of art, such as digital art in the gaming industry, remain resistant to change and retain the appearance-based understanding of beauty. Specific tendencies are, firstly, aestheticization of all types of appearances; secondly, a ubiquitous interest in mental health issues and understanding the state of mental health as a part of beauty; thirdly, a certain infantilization of the image of the woman is observed as compared to previous decades. The significance of the findings of the research is to contribute to a scientific understanding of the concept of beauty in contemporary art and to give ground for prospective further related research in sociology, phycology, etc. The findings might be perceived not only by academics but also by artists and practitioners in the spheres of art and society. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fine%20arts" title="fine arts">fine arts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=history%20of%20art" title=" history of art"> history of art</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contemporary%20art" title=" contemporary art"> contemporary art</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concept%20of%20beauty" title=" concept of beauty"> concept of beauty</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162627/the-concept-of-female-beauty-in-contemporary-2000-2020-fine-arts-and-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162627.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">112</span> Combining Transcriptomics, Bioinformatics, Biosynthesis Networks and Chromatographic Analyses for Cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. Defense Volatiles Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronald%20Villamar-Torres">Ronald Villamar-Torres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Staudt"> Michael Staudt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Viot"> Christopher Viot</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. is one of the most important industrial crops, producing the world leading natural textile fiber, but is very prone to arthropod attacks that reduce crop yield and quality. Cotton cultivation, therefore, makes an outstanding use of chemical pesticides. In reaction to herbivorous arthropods, cotton plants nevertheless show natural defense reactions, in particular through volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions. These natural defense mechanisms are nowadays underutilized but have a very high potential for cotton cultivation, and elucidating their genetic bases will help to improve their use. Simulating herbivory attacks by mechanical wounding of cotton plants in greenhouse, we studied by qPCR the changes in gene expression for genes of the terpenoids biosynthesis pathway. Differentially expressed genes corresponded to higher levels of the terpenoids biosynthesis pathway and not to enzymes synthesizing particular terpenoids. The genes were mapped on the G. hirsutum L. reference genome; their global relationships inside the general metabolic pathways and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were visualized with iPath2. The chromatographic profiles of VOCs emissions indicated first monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes emissions, dominantly four molecules known to be involved in plant reactions to arthropod attacks. As a result, the study permitted to identify potential key genes for the emission of volatile terpenoids by cotton plants in reaction to an arthropod attack, opening possibilities for molecular-assisted cotton breeding in benefit of smallholder cotton growers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosynthesis%20pathways" title="biosynthesis pathways">biosynthesis pathways</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton" title=" cotton"> cotton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanisms%20of%20plant%20defense" title=" mechanisms of plant defense"> mechanisms of plant defense</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terpenoids" title=" terpenoids"> terpenoids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volatile%20organic%20compounds" title=" volatile organic compounds"> volatile organic compounds</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85874/combining-transcriptomics-bioinformatics-biosynthesis-networks-and-chromatographic-analyses-for-cotton-gossypium-hirsutum-l-defense-volatiles-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">111</span> The Quality Assessment of Seismic Reflection Survey Data Using Statistical Analysis: A Case Study of Fort Abbas Area, Cholistan Desert, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20Waqas">U. Waqas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20F.%20Ahmed"> M. F. Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mehmood"> A. Mehmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Rashid"> M. A. Rashid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In geophysical exploration surveys, the quality of acquired data holds significant importance before executing the data processing and interpretation phases. In this study, 2D seismic reflection survey data of Fort Abbas area, Cholistan Desert, Pakistan was taken as test case in order to assess its quality on statistical bases by using normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), Cronbach’s alpha test (α) and null hypothesis tests (t-test and F-test). The analysis challenged the quality of the acquired data and highlighted the significant errors in the acquired database. It is proven that the study area is plain, tectonically least affected and rich in oil and gas reserves. However, subsurface 3D modeling and contouring by using acquired database revealed high degrees of structural complexities and intense folding. The NRMSE had highest percentage of residuals between the estimated and predicted cases. The outcomes of hypothesis testing also proved the biasness and erraticness of the acquired database. Low estimated value of alpha (α) in Cronbach’s alpha test confirmed poor reliability of acquired database. A very low quality of acquired database needs excessive static correction or in some cases, reacquisition of data is also suggested which is most of the time not feasible on economic grounds. The outcomes of this study could be used to assess the quality of large databases and to further utilize as a guideline to establish database quality assessment models to make much more informed decisions in hydrocarbon exploration field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Data%20quality" title="Data quality">Data quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Null%20hypothesis" title=" Null hypothesis"> Null hypothesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seismic%20lines" title=" Seismic lines"> Seismic lines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seismic%20reflection%20survey" title=" Seismic reflection survey"> Seismic reflection survey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114356/the-quality-assessment-of-seismic-reflection-survey-data-using-statistical-analysis-a-case-study-of-fort-abbas-area-cholistan-desert-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114356.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">110</span> Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Methanol Extract of Rhizophora racemosa Leaf in Albino Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angalabiri-Owei%20E.%20Bekekeme">Angalabiri-Owei E. Bekekeme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brambaifa%20Nelson"> Brambaifa Nelson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In view of the peculiar environment of the Niger Delta, access to modern health care is limited, hence the inhabitants especially those in the swampy areas resorts to sourcing for alternatives cure for their ailments using plants commonly found in this area without scientific evaluation. Rhizophora racemosa, G. F. Meyer (Rhizophoraceae) is the most abundant mangrove plant in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria. The plant has been observed to be used for relief of a toothache and dysmenorrhoea among some Ijaw communities in the region. This work has revealed the likely potential of the plant in drug discovery and development. The crude methanol extract at doses of 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg (intraperitoneal) were tested for analgesic effect using fresh egg albumin induced inflammatory pain and Randall–Sellito method to assess the pain threshold. The anti-inflammatory effect was also evaluated with the extract at doses of 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg (intraperitoneal) using acute inflammatory model; fresh egg albumin induced paw oedema and assessed using Plethysmometer in rats. The methanol extracts 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg exhibited a significant (P < 0.001) and dose-dependent analgesic activity compared with the negative control and a standard drug diclofenac using ANOVA with Least Significant Difference post hoc test as evidenced by increased pain threshold. Also, the extract significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the rat paw oedema induced by the sub plantar injection of fresh egg albumin when compared with the negative control and a standard diclofenac using above statistical methods. This study revealed that the plant possesses analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities hence provide scientific bases for use as medicine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analgesic" title="analgesic">analgesic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-inflammatory" title=" anti-inflammatory"> anti-inflammatory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plethysmometer" title=" plethysmometer"> plethysmometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rhizophora%20racemosa" title=" Rhizophora racemosa"> Rhizophora racemosa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39123/anti-inflammatory-and-analgesic-effects-of-methanol-extract-of-rhizophora-racemosa-leaf-in-albino-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39123.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">109</span> Lexical Features and Motivations of Product Reviews on Selected Philippine Online Shops</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jimmylen%20Tonio">Jimmylen Tonio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Anudin"> Ali Anudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rochelle%20Irene%20G.%20Lucas"> Rochelle Irene G. Lucas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Alongside the progress of electronic-business websites, consumers have become more comfortable with online shopping. It has become customary for consumers that prior to purchasing a product or availing services, they consult online reviews info as bases in evaluating and deciding whether or not they should push thru with their procurement of the product or service. Subsequently, after purchasing, consumers tend to post their own comments of the product in the same e-business websites. Because of this, product reviews (PRS) have become an indispensable feature in online businesses equally beneficial for both business owners and consumers. This study explored the linguistic features and motivations of online product reviews on selected Philippine online shops, LAZADA and SHOPEE. Specifically, it looked into the lexical features of the PRs, the factors that motivated consumers to write the product reviews, and the difference of lexical preferences between male and female when they write the reviews. The findings revealed the following: 1. Formality of words in online product reviews primarily involves non-standard spelling, followed by abbreviated word forms, colloquial contractions and use of coined/novel words; 2. Paralinguistic features in online product reviews are dominated by the use of emoticons, capital letters and punctuations followed by the use of pictures/photos and lastly, by paralinguistic expressions; 3. The factors that motivate consumers to write product reviews varied. Online product reviewers are predominantly driven by venting negative feelings motivation, followed by helping the company, helping other consumers, positive self-enhancement, advice seeking and lastly, by social benefits; and 4. Gender affects the word frequencies of product online reviews, while negation words, personal pronouns, the formality of words, and paralinguistic features utilized by both male and female online product reviewers are not different. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lexical%20choices" title="lexical choices">lexical choices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title=" motivation"> motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20shop" title=" online shop"> online shop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product%20reviews" title=" product reviews"> product reviews</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89139/lexical-features-and-motivations-of-product-reviews-on-selected-philippine-online-shops" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89139.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">108</span> Dental Education in Brazil: A Systematic Literature Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabiane%20Alves%20Farias%20Guimar%C3%A3es">Fabiane Alves Farias Guimarães</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rodrigo%20Ot%C3%A1vio%20Moretti-Pires"> Rodrigo Otávio Moretti-Pires</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20L%C3%BAcia%20Schaefer%20Ferreira%20de%20Mello"> Ana Lúcia Schaefer Ferreira de Mello</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Considering the last changes in Brazilian Health and Higher Educational Systems, the production of scientific knowledge regarding dental education and training has been increasing. The National Curriculum Guidelines for undergraduate courses in Dentistry established in 2002 the principles and procedures to perform a more generalist dental professional profile. Objectives: To perform a systematic review of the Brazilian scientific literature about dental education and training. Methods: The systematic review was conducted considering the Lilacs - Latin American Literature in Health Sciences and SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online data bases, using the combination of key words dentistry, education, teaching or training. It was select original research articles, published between 2010 and 2013, in Portuguese. Results: Based on the selection criteria, it was found 23 articles. In order to organize the outcomes, the analysis was separated in three themes: Ethical aspects of education (3 articles), integrating dental service with training (10 articles) and Dental education and the Brazilian curriculum guidelines (10 articles). Most of the studies were published between 2011 and 2012 (35% each) and were held in public universities. The studied populations included dental students, teachers, universities directors, health managers and dentists. The qualitative methodological approach was predominant. Conclusion: It was possible to identify a transience time in Brazilian undergraduate courses in Dentistry after curricular changes. The produced literature shows some advances, as the incorporation of ethical values on dental education and the inclusion of new practices environments for students by integrating education and training in diversified dental services scenarios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teaching" title="Teaching">Teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dental%20Students" title=" Dental Students"> Dental Students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Human%20resources%20in%20dentistry" title=" Human resources in dentistry"> Human resources in dentistry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17777/dental-education-in-brazil-a-systematic-literature-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17777.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">532</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">107</span> Analysis of Pangasinan State University: Bayambang Students’ Concerns Through Social Media Analytics and Latent Dirichlet Allocation Topic Modelling Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20John%20F.%20Sino%20Cruz">Matthew John F. Sino Cruz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Jane%20M.%20Ferrer"> Sarah Jane M. Ferrer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janice%20C.%20Francisco"> Janice C. Francisco</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> COVID-19 pandemic has affected more than 114 countries all over the world since it was considered a global health concern in 2020. Different sectors, including education, have shifted to remote/distant setups to follow the guidelines set to prevent the spread of the disease. One of the higher education institutes which shifted to remote setup is the Pangasinan State University (PSU). In order to continue providing quality instructions to the students, PSU designed Flexible Learning Model to still provide services to its stakeholders amidst the pandemic. The model covers the redesigning of delivering instructions in remote setup and the technology needed to support these adjustments. The primary goal of this study is to determine the insights of the PSU – Bayambang students towards the remote setup implemented during the pandemic and how they perceived the initiatives employed in relation to their experiences in flexible learning. In this study, the topic modelling approach was implemented using Latent Dirichlet Allocation. The dataset used in the study. The results show that the most common concern of the students includes time and resource management, poor internet connection issues, and difficulty coping with the flexible learning modality. Furthermore, the findings of the study can be used as one of the bases for the administration to review and improve the policies and initiatives implemented during the pandemic in relation to remote service delivery. In addition, further studies can be conducted to determine the overall sentiment of the other stakeholders in the policies implemented at the University. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topic%20modelling" title=" topic modelling"> topic modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students%E2%80%99%20sentiment" title=" students’ sentiment"> students’ sentiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20learning" title=" flexible learning"> flexible learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Latent%20Dirichlet%20allocation" title=" Latent Dirichlet allocation"> Latent Dirichlet allocation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154923/analysis-of-pangasinan-state-university-bayambang-students-concerns-through-social-media-analytics-and-latent-dirichlet-allocation-topic-modelling-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">106</span> The Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility in the Philippines: Balancing International Standards and Domestic Concerns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harold%20P.%20Pareja">Harold P. Pareja</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper answers the question whether the minimum age of criminal responsibility under the Republic Act No. 9344 (Juvenile Justice Act) as amended by Republic Act No. 10630 should be lowered to 15 years of age or not in the light of international standards and domestic concerns both of which will definitely elicit strong views. It also explores the specific provision on the minimum age of criminal responsibility under the Republic Act No. 9344 (Juvenile Justice Act) and traces the bases of such law by discussing its presented evidences and justifications as reflected in the records of proceedings in the law-making phase. On one hand, the paper discusses the impact of lowering the minimum age to the state of juvenile delinquencies and to the rate of rehabilitation for those CICL who have undergone the DSWD-supervised recovery programs. On the other hand, it presents its impact to the international community specifically to the Committee of the Rights of the Child and the UNICEF considering that the even the current minimum age set in RA 9344 is lower than the international standards. Document review and content analysis are the major research tools. Primary and secondary sources were used as references such as Philippine laws on juvenile justice and from the different states international think-tanks. The absence of reliable evidences on criminal capacity made the arguments in increasing the MACR in the harder position. Studies on criminal capacity vary from different countries and from practitioners in in the fields of psychology, psychiatry and forensics. Juvenile delinquency is mainly contributed by poverty and dysfunctional families. On the other hand, the science of the criminal mind specifically among children has not been established yet. Philippines have the legal obligations to be faithful to the CRC and other related international instruments for the juvenile justice and welfare system. Decreasing MACR does not only send wrong message to the international community but the Philippines is violating its own laws. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=juvenile%20justice" title="juvenile justice">juvenile justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20age%20of%20responsibility%20%28MAR%29" title=" minimum age of responsibility (MAR)"> minimum age of responsibility (MAR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=juvenile%20justice%20act%20of%20the%20Philippines" title=" juvenile justice act of the Philippines"> juvenile justice act of the Philippines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children%20in%20conflict%20with%20the%20law" title=" children in conflict with the law"> children in conflict with the law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20standards%20on%20juvenile%20justice" title=" international standards on juvenile justice"> international standards on juvenile justice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40186/the-minimum-age-of-criminal-responsibility-in-the-philippines-balancing-international-standards-and-domestic-concerns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40186.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">105</span> Assessment of Al/Fe Humus, pH, and P Retention to Differentiate Andisols under Different Cultivation, Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miseri%20Roeslan%20Afany">Miseri Roeslan Afany</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Ainun%20Pulungan"> Nur Ainun Pulungan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The unique characteristics of Andisol differentiate them from other soils. These characteristics become a guideline in determining management and usage with regards to agriculture. Especially in the tropical area, Andisols may have fast mineral alteration due to intensive water movement in the soils. Four soil chemical tests were conducted for evaluating soils in the study area. Al/Fe humus, allophane, pH, and P retention were used to differentiate Andisols under different practices. Non-cultivation practice (e.g. natural forest) and cultivation practices (e.g. horticulture systems and intensive farming systems) are compared in this study. We applied Blackmore method for P retention analysis. The aims of this study are: (i) to analyze the specific behavior of Al/Fe humus, pH, and allophane towards P retention in order (ii) to evaluate the effect of cultivation practices on their behavior changes among Andisols, and (iii) to gain the sustainable agriculture through proposing an appropriate soil managements in the study area. 5 observation sites were selected, and 75 soil sampling were analyzed in this study. The results show that the cultivation decreases P retention in all sampling sites. There is a declining from ±90% to ±50% of P retention in the natural forest where shifts into cultivated land. The average of P retention under 15 years of cultivation down into 63%, whereas, the average of P retention more than 15 years of cultivation down into 54%. Many factors affect the retention of P in the soil such as: (1) type and amount of clay, (2) allophone and/or imogolit, (3) Al/Fe humus, (4) soil pH, (5) type and amount of organic material, (6) Exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, Na, K), (7) forms and solubility of Al/Fe. To achieve the sustainable agriculture in the study area, conventional agriculture practices should be preserved and intensive fertilizing practices should be applied in order to increase the soil pH, to maintain the organic matter of andisols, to maintain microba activities, and to release Al/Fe humus complex, and thus increase available P in the soils. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andisols" title="Andisols">Andisols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultivation" title=" cultivation"> cultivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P%20retention" title=" P retention"> P retention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20agriculture" title=" sustainable agriculture"> sustainable agriculture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61531/assessment-of-alfe-humus-ph-and-p-retention-to-differentiate-andisols-under-different-cultivation-karanganyar-central-java-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61531.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">104</span> A Gamification Teaching Method for Software Measurement Process </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lennon%20Furtado">Lennon Furtado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandro%20Oliveira"> Sandro Oliveira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The importance of an effective measurement program lies in the ability to control and predict what can be measured. Thus, the measurement program has the capacity to provide bases in decision-making to support the interests of an organization. Therefore, it is only possible to apply for an effective measurement program with a team of software engineers well trained in the measurement area. However, the literature indicates that are few computer science courses that have in their program the teaching of the software measurement process. And even these, generally present only basic theoretical concepts of said process and little or no measurement in practice, which results in the student's lack of motivation to learn the measurement process. In this context, according to some experts in software process improvements, one of the most used approaches to maintaining the motivation and commitment to software process improvements program is the use of the gamification. Therefore, this paper aims to present a proposal of teaching the measurement process by gamification. Which seeks to improve student motivation and performance in the assimilation of tasks related to software measurement, by incorporating elements of games into the practice of measurement process, making it more attractive for learning. And as a way of validating the proposal will be made a comparison between two distinct groups of 20 students of Software Quality class, a control group, and an experiment group. The control group will be the students that will not make use of the gamification proposal to learn software measurement process, while the experiment group, will be the students that will make use of the gamification proposal to learn software measurement process. Thus, this paper will analyze the objective and subjective results of each group. And as objective result will be analyzed the student grade reached at the end of the course, and as subjective results will be analyzed a post-course questionnaire with the opinion of each student about the teaching method. Finally, this paper aims to prove or refute the following hypothesis: If the gamification proposal to teach software measurement process does appropriate motivate the student, in order to attribute the necessary competence to the practical application of the measurement process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title="education">education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamification" title=" gamification"> gamification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20measurement%20process" title=" software measurement process"> software measurement process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20engineering" title=" software engineering"> software engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63537/a-gamification-teaching-method-for-software-measurement-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63537.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">103</span> Calculation of Electronic Structures of Nickel in Interaction with Hydrogen by Density Functional Theoretical (DFT) Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Choukri%20Lekbir">Choukri Lekbir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mira%20Mokhtari"> Mira Mokhtari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrogen-Materials interaction and mechanisms can be modeled at nano scale by quantum methods. In this work, the effect of hydrogen on the electronic properties of a cluster material model «nickel» has been studied by using of density functional theoretical (DFT) method. Two types of clusters are optimized: Nickel and hydrogen-nickel system. In the case of nickel clusters (n = 1-6) without presence of hydrogen, three types of electronic structures (neutral, cationic and anionic), have been optimized according to three basis sets calculations (B3LYP/LANL2DZ, PW91PW91/DGDZVP2, PBE/DGDZVP2). The comparison of binding energies and bond lengths of the three structures of nickel clusters (neutral, cationic and anionic) obtained by those basis sets, shows that the results of neutral and anionic nickel clusters are in good agreement with the experimental results. In the case of neutral and anionic nickel clusters, comparing energies and bond lengths obtained by the three bases, shows that the basis set PBE/DGDZVP2 is most suitable to experimental results. In the case of anionic nickel clusters (n = 1-6) with presence of hydrogen, the optimization of the hydrogen-nickel (anionic) structures by using of the basis set PBE/DGDZVP2, shows that the binding energies and bond lengths increase compared to those obtained in the case of anionic nickel clusters without the presence of hydrogen, that reveals the armor effect exerted by hydrogen on the electronic structure of nickel, which due to the storing of hydrogen energy within nickel clusters structures. The comparison between the bond lengths for both clusters shows the expansion effect of clusters geometry which due to hydrogen presence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binding%20energies" title="binding energies">binding energies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20lengths" title=" bond lengths"> bond lengths</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density%20functional%20theoretical" title=" density functional theoretical"> density functional theoretical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometry%20optimization" title=" geometry optimization"> geometry optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20energy" title=" hydrogen energy"> hydrogen energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel%20cluster" title=" nickel cluster"> nickel cluster</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23247/calculation-of-electronic-structures-of-nickel-in-interaction-with-hydrogen-by-density-functional-theoretical-dft-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23247.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">422</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">102</span> An Analysis of the Dominance of Migrants in the South African Spaza and Retail market: A Relationship-Based Network Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meron%20Okbandrias">Meron Okbandrias</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The South African formal economy is rule-based economy, unlike most African and Asian markets. It has a highly developed financial market. In such a market, foreign migrants have dominated the small or spaza shops that service the poor. They are highly competitive and capture significant market share in South Africa. This paper analyses the factors that assisted the foreign migrants in having a competitive age. It does that by interviewing Somali, Bangladesh, and Ethiopian shop owners in Cape Town analysing the data through a narrative analysis. The paper also analyses the 2019 South African consumer report. The three migrant nationalities mentioned above dominate the spaza shop business and have significant distribution networks. The findings of the paper indicate that family, ethnic, and nationality based network, in that order of importance, form bases for a relationship-based business network that has trust as its mainstay. Therefore, this network ensures the pooling of resources and abiding by certain principles outside the South African rule-based system. The research identified practises like bulk buying within a community of traders, sharing information, buying from a within community distribution business, community based transportation system and providing seed capital for people from the community to start a business is all based on that relationship-based system. The consequences of not abiding by the rules of these networks are social and economic exclusion. In addition, these networks have their own commercial and social conflict resolution mechanisms aside from the South African justice system. Network theory and relationship based systems theory form the theoretical foundations of this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migrant" title="migrant">migrant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spaza%20shops" title=" spaza shops"> spaza shops</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relationship-based%20system" title=" relationship-based system"> relationship-based system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Africa" title=" South Africa"> South Africa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111352/an-analysis-of-the-dominance-of-migrants-in-the-south-african-spaza-and-retail-market-a-relationship-based-network-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">101</span> Unsupervised Classification of DNA Barcodes Species Using Multi-Library Wavelet Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdesselem%20Dakhli">Abdesselem Dakhli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wajdi%20Bellil"> Wajdi Bellil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chokri%20Ben%20Amar"> Chokri Ben Amar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> DNA Barcode, a short mitochondrial DNA fragment, made up of three subunits; a phosphate group, sugar and nucleic bases (A, T, C, and G). They provide good sources of information needed to classify living species. Such intuition has been confirmed by many experimental results. Species classification with DNA Barcode sequences has been studied by several researchers. The classification problem assigns unknown species to known ones by analyzing their Barcode. This task has to be supported with reliable methods and algorithms. To analyze species regions or entire genomes, it becomes necessary to use similarity sequence methods. A large set of sequences can be simultaneously compared using Multiple Sequence Alignment which is known to be NP-complete. To make this type of analysis feasible, heuristics, like progressive alignment, have been developed. Another tool for similarity search against a database of sequences is BLAST, which outputs shorter regions of high similarity between a query sequence and matched sequences in the database. However, all these methods are still computationally very expensive and require significant computational infrastructure. Our goal is to build predictive models that are highly accurate and interpretable. This method permits to avoid the complex problem of form and structure in different classes of organisms. On empirical data and their classification performances are compared with other methods. Our system consists of three phases. The first is called transformation, which is composed of three steps; Electron-Ion Interaction Pseudopotential (EIIP) for the codification of DNA Barcodes, Fourier Transform and Power Spectrum Signal Processing. The second is called approximation, which is empowered by the use of Multi Llibrary Wavelet Neural Networks (MLWNN).The third is called the classification of DNA Barcodes, which is realized by applying the algorithm of hierarchical classification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20barcode" title="DNA barcode">DNA barcode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron-ion%20interaction%20pseudopotential" title=" electron-ion interaction pseudopotential"> electron-ion interaction pseudopotential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Multi%20Library%20Wavelet%20Neural%20Networks%20%28MLWNN%29" title=" Multi Library Wavelet Neural Networks (MLWNN)"> Multi Library Wavelet Neural Networks (MLWNN)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27669/unsupervised-classification-of-dna-barcodes-species-using-multi-library-wavelet-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">100</span> Maramataka ki te Tiri o Te Moana (Maramataka in Antarctica).: A Conceptual Maramataka in the Southwestern Ross Sea Region of Antarctica</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayla%20Hoeta">Ayla Hoeta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Holly%20Winton"> Holly Winton</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Maramataka is an ancestral lunar environmental knowledge system based on environmental tohu (signs, observations or indicators), that continues to impart maatauranga (knowledge) to tangata whenua, people of the land after thousands of years. Maramataka is the mauri (energy) flow between whenua (land), moana (water) and rangi (sky), experienced through tirotiro (observing), connecting and attuning to the natural environment. Tohu serve as guidance to practises of kaiawhina (protection) a key value driving Aotearoa New Zealand led research in Antarctica. Recent developments recognise the importance of including and integrating indigenous knowledge and perspectives such as maatauranga Maaori which can provide insights into the conservation of Antarctica. We use an ancient kaupapa Maaori framework of weaving, wayfinding and attunement to navigate complexities using Hautu Waka. We investigate and weave together learnings from Antarctic and western science and indigenous Maaori maatauranga and tohu of moana, whenua and rangi to provide an indigenous perspective of Antarctica taiao and Maramataka. Drawing on past and present knowledge of environmental calendars contained in maatauranga Maaori and paleoclimate knowledge bases, field observations, interviews and whakataukii (proverbs), we aim to provide a conceptual Maramataka of the southwestern Ross Sea region and area of Antarctica. A key area of interest are the tohu related to the marama which are connected to all three interweaving spheres of moana, rangi, whenua. Maatauranga Maramataka in Aotearoa has been developed over millennia and we acknowledge the mana and sacredness of this tupuna knowledge and that this conceptual Maramataka serves as the starting point of a journey to shine light on indigenous perspectives using Maaori methods and frameworks in a dominant western science paradigm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maramataka" title="Maramataka">Maramataka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antarctica" title=" Antarctica"> Antarctica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aotearoa" title=" Aotearoa"> Aotearoa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maaori" title=" Maaori"> Maaori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tohu" title=" tohu"> tohu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moon" title=" moon"> moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lunar%20calendar" title=" lunar calendar"> lunar calendar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172755/maramataka-ki-te-tiri-o-te-moana-maramataka-in-antarctica-a-conceptual-maramataka-in-the-southwestern-ross-sea-region-of-antarctica" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172755.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">99</span> Products in Early Development Phases: Ecological Classification and Evaluation Using an Interval Arithmetic Based Calculation Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helen%20L.%20Hein">Helen L. Hein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joachim%20Schwarte"> Joachim Schwarte</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a pillar of sustainable development, ecology has become an important milestone in research community, especially due to global challenges like climate change. The ecological performance of products can be scientifically conducted with life cycle assessments. In the construction sector, significant amounts of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions are assigned to the energy used for building heating purposes. Therefore, sustainable construction materials for insulating purposes are substantial, whereby aerogels have been explored intensively in the last years due to their low thermal conductivity. Therefore, the WALL-ACE project aims to develop an aerogel-based thermal insulating plaster that would achieve minor thermal conductivities. But as in the early stage of development phases, a lot of information is still missing or not yet accessible, the ecological performance of innovative products bases increasingly on uncertain data that can lead to significant deviations in the results. To be able to predict realistically how meaningful the results are and how viable the developed products may be with regard to their corresponding respective market, these deviations however have to be considered. Therefore, a classification method is presented in this study, which may allow comparing the ecological performance of modern products with already established and competitive materials. In order to achieve this, an alternative calculation method was used that allows computing with lower and upper bounds to consider all possible values without precise data. The life cycle analysis of the considered products was conducted with an interval arithmetic based calculation method. The results lead to the conclusion that the interval solutions describing the possible environmental impacts are so wide that the result usability is limited. Nevertheless, a further optimization in reducing environmental impacts of aerogels seems to be needed to become more competitive in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerogel-based" title="aerogel-based">aerogel-based</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insulating%20material" title=" insulating material"> insulating material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20development%20phase" title=" early development phase"> early development phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interval%20arithmetic" title=" interval arithmetic"> interval arithmetic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102735/products-in-early-development-phases-ecological-classification-and-evaluation-using-an-interval-arithmetic-based-calculation-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102735.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">98</span> The Effect of Curing Temperature and Rice Husk Ash Addition on the Behaviour of Sulfate-Rich Clay after Lime Stabilization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Bittar">E. Bittar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Qui%C3%B1onez"> A. Quiñonez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Mencia"> F. Mencia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Aguero"> E. Aguero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Delgado"> M. Delgado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Arriola"> V. Arriola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20L%C3%B3pez"> R. López</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the western region of Paraguay, the poor condition of the roads has negatively affected the development of this zone, where the absence of petrous material has led engineers to opt for the stabilization of soils with lime or cement as the main structure for bases and subbases of these roads. In several areas of this region, high sulfate contents have been found both in groundwater and in soils, which, when reacted with lime or cement, generate a new problem instead of solving it. On the other hand, the use of industrial waste as granulated slag and fly ash proved to be a sustainable practice widely used in the manufacture of cement, and now also, in the stabilization of soils worldwide. Works related to soils containing sulfates stabilized either with granulated slag or fly ash and lime shown a good performance in their mechanical behaviour. This research seeks to evaluate the mechanical behaviour of soils with high contents of sulfates stabilized with lime by curing them both, at the normalized temperature (23 ± 2 °C) and at 40 ± 2 °C. Moreover, it attempts to asses if the addition of rice husk ash has a positive influence on the new geomaterial. The 40 ± 2 °C curing temperature was selected trying to simulate the average local temperature in summer and part of spring session whereas rice husk ash is an affordable waste produced in the region. An extensive experimental work, which includes unconfined compression, durability and free swell tests were carried out considering different dry unit weights, lime content and the addition of 20% of rice husk ash. The results showed that the addition of rice husk ash increases the resistance and durability of the material and decreases the expansion of this, moreover, the specimens cured at a temperature of 40 ± 2 °C showed higher resistance, better durability and lower expansion compared to those cured at the normalized temperature of 23 ± 2 °C. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durability" title="durability">durability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expansion" title=" expansion"> expansion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lime%20stabilization" title=" lime stabilization"> lime stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20husk%20ash" title=" rice husk ash"> rice husk ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulfate" title=" sulfate"> sulfate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106577/the-effect-of-curing-temperature-and-rice-husk-ash-addition-on-the-behaviour-of-sulfate-rich-clay-after-lime-stabilization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">97</span> Administrative and Legal Instruments of Disciplining Maintenance Debtors in Poland - A Critical Analysis of Their Effectiveness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomasz%20Kosicki">Tomasz Kosicki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The subject of the presentation will be the administrative and legal instruments of disciplining maintenance debtors adopted by the Polish legislator, the substantive legal bases of which were adopted in the Act of 7 September 2007 on assistance to persons entitled to maintenance (Journal of Laws of 2022, item 1205). These provisions are complemented by procedural regulations resulting from the Act of 14 June 1960 - Code of Administrative Procedure (Journal of Laws of 2021, item 735, as amended). The first part of the paper will focus on the administrative proceedings regarding the recognition of the debtor as evading maintenance obligations. The initiation of this procedure ex officio is preceded by a number of actions by public administration bodies, including Conducting a maintenance interview with the debtor, during which his health and professional situation and the reasons for non-payment of maintenance are determined, Professional activation in a situation where the lack of payment of maintenance results from the lack of employment. The reasons for initiating the above-mentioned administrative proceedings ex officio will be indicated, taking into account the current views of the judicial decisions. The second part of the paper will focus on the instrument of retaining the driving license of the debtor, who was previously found to be evading maintenance. The author points out that the detention of the driving license is one of the types of administrative sanctions of a very severe nature. Doubts of a constitutional nature will also be highlighted, as well as those concerning the effectiveness of this legal instrument and the protection of the debtor's rights. The thesis will be presented that the administrative procedure for the retention of a driving license does not fulfill its role and especially does not affect the collection of maintenance obligations from debtors. All the considerations will be based on the current and most representative views of the literature on the subject and the jurisprudence of Polish administrative courts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance%20debtor" title="maintenance debtor">maintenance debtor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=administrative%20proceedings" title=" administrative proceedings"> administrative proceedings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detention%20of%20driving%20license" title=" detention of driving license"> detention of driving license</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=administrative%20sanction" title=" administrative sanction"> administrative sanction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polish%20administrative%20law" title=" polish administrative law"> polish administrative law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20administration" title=" public administration"> public administration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164335/administrative-and-legal-instruments-of-disciplining-maintenance-debtors-in-poland-a-critical-analysis-of-their-effectiveness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164335.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">96</span> Nigeria’s Tempestuous Voyage to DB2023 via the Multimodal Route: Adjusting the Sails to Contemporary Trade Winds and Policies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dike%20Ibegbulem">Dike Ibegbulem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper interrogates the chances of Nigeria achieving its target of making the list of the first 70 countries in World Bank’s Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) rankings by the year 2023. That is, in light of existing conflicts in policies relating to the door-to-door carriage of goods and multimodal transport operations (MTOs) in the country. Drawing on the famed Legal Origins theory plus data from World Bank; and using Singapore as a touchstone, the paper unveils how amongst the top-ranked Commonwealth jurisdictions, positive correlations have been recorded over the past years between certainty in their policies on MTOs on the one hand; and their Enforcing Contracts (EC) and Doing Business (DB) indices on the other. The paper postulates that to increase Nigeria’s chances of achieving her DB2023 objective, legislative and curial policies on MTOs and door-to-door carriage of goods have to be realigned in line with prevailing policies in highly-ranked Commonwealth jurisdictions of the Global North. Her appellate courts, in particular, will need some unshackling from English pedigrees which still delimit admiralty jurisdiction to port-to-port shipping, to the exclusion of door-to-door carriage of goods beyond navigable waters. The paper identifies continental and domestic instruments, plus judicial precedents, which provide bases for expanding admiralty jurisdiction to adjudication of claims derived from door-to-door or multimodal transport contracts and other allied maritime-plus contracts. It prescribes synergy between legislative and curial policies on MTOs and door-to-door carriage of goods as species of admiralty – an emerging trend in top-ranked Commonwealth jurisdictions of the Global North. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=admiralty%20jurisdiction" title="admiralty jurisdiction">admiralty jurisdiction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20origins" title=" legal origins"> legal origins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=world%20bank" title=" world bank"> world bank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ease%20of%20doing%20business" title=" ease of doing business"> ease of doing business</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enforcing%20contracts" title=" enforcing contracts"> enforcing contracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multimodal%20transport%20operation" title=" multimodal transport operation"> multimodal transport operation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=door-to-door" title=" door-to-door"> door-to-door</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carriage%20of%20goods%20by%20sea" title=" carriage of goods by sea"> carriage of goods by sea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20transport%20shipping" title=" combined transport shipping"> combined transport shipping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156445/nigerias-tempestuous-voyage-to-db2023-via-the-multimodal-route-adjusting-the-sails-to-contemporary-trade-winds-and-policies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156445.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">95</span> Administrative and Legal Instruments of Disciplining Maintenance (alimony) Debtors in Poland - A Critical Analysis of their Effectiveness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomasz%20Kosicki">Tomasz Kosicki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The subject of the presentation will be the administrative and legal instruments of disciplining maintenance debtors adopted by the Polish legislator, the substantive legal bases of which were adopted in the Act of 7 September 2007 on assistance to persons entitled to maintenance (Journal of Laws of 2022, item 1205). These provisions are complemented by procedural regulations resulting from the Act of 14 June 1960 - Code of Administrative Procedure (Journal of Laws of 2021, item 735, as amended). The first part of the paper will focus on the administrative proceedings regarding the recognition of the debtor as evading maintenance obligations. The initiation of this procedure ex officio is preceded by a number of actions by public administration bodies, including Conducting a maintenance interview with the debtor, during which his health and professional situation and the reasons for non-payment of maintenance are determined, Professional activation in a situation where the lack of payment of maintenance results from the lack of employment. The reasons for initiating the above-mentioned administrative proceedings ex officio will be indicated, taking into account the current views of the judicial decisions. The second part of the paper will focus on the instrument of retaining the driving license of the debtor, who was previously found to be evading maintenance. The author points out that the detention of the driving license is one of the types of administrative sanctions of a very severe nature. Doubts of a constitutional nature will also be highlighted, as well as those concerning the effectiveness of this legal instrument and the protection of the debtor's rights. The thesis will be presented that the administrative procedure for the retention of a driving license does not fulfill its role and especially does not affect the collection of maintenance obligations from debtors. All the considerations will be based on the current and most representative views of the literature on the subject and the jurisprudence of Polish administrative courts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance%20debtor" title="maintenance debtor">maintenance debtor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=administrative%20proceedings" title=" administrative proceedings"> administrative proceedings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detention%20of%20driving%20license" title=" detention of driving license"> detention of driving license</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=administrative%20sanction" title=" administrative sanction"> administrative sanction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polish%20administrative%20law" title=" polish administrative law"> polish administrative law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20administration" title=" public administration"> public administration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159809/administrative-and-legal-instruments-of-disciplining-maintenance-alimony-debtors-in-poland-a-critical-analysis-of-their-effectiveness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159809.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">94</span> Legal Personality and Responsibility of Robots</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrnoosh%20Abouzari">Mehrnoosh Abouzari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahrokh%20Sahraei"> Shahrokh Sahraei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Arrival of artificial intelligence or smart robots in the modern world put them in charge on pericise and at risk. So acting human activities with robots makes criminal or civil responsibilities for their acts or behavior. The practical usage of smart robots has entered them in to a unique situation when naturalization happens and smart robots are identifies as members of society. There would be some legal situation by adopting these new smart citizens. The first situation is about legal responsibility of robots. Recognizing the naturalization of robot involves some basic right , so humans have the rights of employment, property, housing, using energy and other human rights may be employed for robots. So how would be the practice of these rights in the society and if some problems happens with these rights, how would the civil responsibility and punishment? May we consider them as population and count on the social programs? The second episode is about the criminal responsibility of robots in important activity instead of human that is the aim of inventing robots with handling works in AI technology , but the problem arises when some accidents are happened by robots who are in charge of important activities like army, surgery, transporting, judgement and so on. Moreover, recognizing independent identification for robots in the legal world by register ID cards, naturalization and civilian rights makes and prepare the same rights and obligations of human. So, the civil responsibility is not avoidable and if the robot commit a crime it would have criminal responsibility and have to be punished. The basic component of criminal responsibility may changes in so situation. For example, if designation for criminal responsibility bounds to human by sane, maturity, voluntariness, it would be for robots by being intelligent, good programming, not being hacked and so on. So it is irrational to punish robots by prisoning , execution and other human punishments for body. We may determine to make digital punishments like changing or repairing programs, exchanging some parts of its body or wreck it down completely. Finally the responsibility of the smart robot creators, programmers, the boss in chief, the organization who employed robot, the government which permitted to use robot in important bases and activities , will be analyzing and investigating in their article. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robot" title="robot">robot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personality" title=" personality"> personality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=responsibility" title=" responsibility"> responsibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122469/legal-personality-and-responsibility-of-robots" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">93</span> Anaerobic Fermentation Process for Production of Biohydrogen from Pretreated Fruit Wastes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20K.%20R.%20Gobinath">A. K. R. Gobinath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=He%20Jianzhong"> He Jianzhong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kun-Lin%20Yang"> Kun-Lin Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fruit waste was used as a feedstock to produce biohydrogen in this study. Fruit waste used in this study was collected from several fruit juice stalls in Singapore. Based on our observation, the fruit waste contained 35-40% orange, 10-20% watermelon, 10-15% apple, 10-15% pineapple, 1-5% mango. They were mixed with water (1:1 ratio based on wet biomass) and blended to attain homogenous mixtures. Later, fruit waste was subjected to one of the following pretreatments: autoclave (121 °C for 20min), microwave (20min) or both. After pretreatment, the total sugar concentration in the hydrolysate was high (>12g/l) when both autoclave and microwave were applied. In contrast, samples without pretreatment measured only less than 2g/l of sugar. While using these hydrolysates as carbon sources, Clostridium strain BOH3 produces 2526-3126 ml/l of hydrogen after 72h of anaerobic fermentation. The hydrogen yield was 295-300 ml/g of sugar which is close to the hydrogen yields from glucose (338 ml/gm) and xylose (330 ml/gm). Our HPLC analysis showed that fruit waste hydrolysate contained oligosugars (25-27%), sucrose (18-23%), fructose (25-30%), glucose (10-15%) and mannose (2-5%). Additionally, pretreatment led to the release of free amino acids (160-512 mg/l), calcium (7.8-12.9 ppm), magnesium (4.32-6.55 ppm), potassium (5.4-65.1 ppm) and sodium (0.4-0.5 ppm) into the hydrolysate. These nutrients were able to support strain-BOH3 to grow and produce high level of hydrogen. Notably, unlike other pretreatment methods (with strong acids and bases), these pretreatment techniques did not generate any inhibitors (e.g. furfural and phenolic acids) to suppress the hydrogen production. Interestingly, strain BOH3 can also ferment pretreated fruit waste slurry and produce hydrogen with a high yield (156-343 ml/gm fruit waste). While fermenting pretreated fruit waste slurry, strain-BOH3 excreted several saccharolytic enzymes majorly xylanase (1.84U/ml), amylase (1.10U/ml), pectinase (0.36U/ml) and cellulase (0.43U/ml). Due to expressions of these enzymes, strain BOH3 was able to directly utilize pretreated fruit waste hydrolysate and produces high-level of hydrogen. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoclave%20pretreatment" title="autoclave pretreatment">autoclave pretreatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biohydrogen%20production" title=" biohydrogen production"> biohydrogen production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clostridial%20fermentation" title=" clostridial fermentation"> clostridial fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fruit%20waste" title=" fruit waste"> fruit waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20microwave%20pretreatment" title=" and microwave pretreatment"> and microwave pretreatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54893/anaerobic-fermentation-process-for-production-of-biohydrogen-from-pretreated-fruit-wastes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">535</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">92</span> Comparative Assessment on the Impact of Sedatives on the Stress and Anxiety of Patients with a Heart Disease before and during Surgery in Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhad%20Fakoursevom">Farhad Fakoursevom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heart disease is one of the diseases which is found in abundance today. Various types of surgeries, such as bypasses, angiography, angioplasty, etc., are used to treat patients. People may receive such surgeries, some of which are invasive and some non-invasive, throughout their lives. People might cope with pre-surgery anxiety and stress, which can disrupt their normal life and even reduce the effects of the surgery, so the desired result can not be achieved in surgery. Considering this issue, the present study aimed to do a comparative assessment of people who received sedatives before surgery and people who did not receive sedatives. In terms of the purpose, this is an applied research and descriptive survey in terms of method. The statistical population included patients who underwent surgeries in the specialist heart hospitals of Mashhad, Iran; 60 people were considered as a statistical population, 30 of them received sedatives before surgery, and 30 others had not received sedatives before surgery. Valid and up-to-date articles were systematically used to collect theoretical bases, and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to examine the level of stress and anxiety of people. The questionnaire content validity was assessed by a panel of experts in psychology and medicine. The construct validity was tested using the software. Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability were used for reliability, which shows the appropriate reliability of the questionnaire. SPSS software was used to compare the research results between two groups, and the research findings showed that there is no significant association between the people who received sedatives and those who did not receive sedatives in terms of the amount of stress and anxiety. The longer the time of taking the drugs before the surgery, the more the mental peace of the patients will be. According to the results, it can be said that if we don't need to have an emergency operation and need more time, we have to use sedative drugs with different doses compared to the severity of the surgery, and also in case of a medical emergency such as heart surgery due to a stroke, we have to take advantage of psychological services during and before the operation and sedative drugs so that the patients can control their stress and anxiety and achieve better outcomes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sedative%20drugs" title="sedative drugs">sedative drugs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety" title=" anxiety"> anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surgery" title=" surgery"> surgery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156332/comparative-assessment-on-the-impact-of-sedatives-on-the-stress-and-anxiety-of-patients-with-a-heart-disease-before-and-during-surgery-in-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">91</span> Bilingual Experience Influences Different Components of Cognitive Control: Evidence from fMRI Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xun%20Sun">Xun Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Le%20Li"> Le Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ce%20Mo"> Ce Mo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Mo"> Lei Mo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruiming%20Wang"> Ruiming Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guosheng%20Ding"> Guosheng Ding</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cognitive control plays a central role in information processing, which is comprised of various components including response suppression and inhibitory control. Response suppression is considered to inhibit the irrelevant response during the cognitive process; while inhibitory control to inhibit the irrelevant stimulus in the process of cognition. Both of them undertake distinct functions for the cognitive control, so as to enhance the performances in behavior. Among numerous factors on cognitive control, bilingual experience is a substantial and indispensible factor. It has been reported that bilingual experience can influence the neural activity of cognitive control as whole. However, it still remains unknown how the neural influences specifically present on the components of cognitive control imposed by bilingualism. In order to explore the further issue, the study applied fMRI, used anti-saccade paradigm and compared the cerebral activations between high and low proficient Chinese-English bilinguals. Meanwhile, the study provided experimental evidence for the brain plasticity of language, and offered necessary bases on the interplay between language and cognitive control. The results showed that response suppression recruited the middle frontal gyrus (MFG) in low proficient Chinese-English bilinguals, but the inferior patrietal lobe in high proficient Chinese-English bilinguals. Inhibitory control engaged the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and middle temporal gyrus (MTG) in low proficient Chinese-English bilinguals, yet the right insula cortex was more active in high proficient Chinese-English bilinguals during the process. These findings illustrate insights that bilingual experience has neural influences on different components of cognitive control. Compared with low proficient bilinguals, high proficient bilinguals turn to activate advanced neural areas for the processing of cognitive control. In addition, with the acquisition and accumulation of language, language experience takes effect on the brain plasticity and changes the neural basis of cognitive control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilingual%20experience" title="bilingual experience">bilingual experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20control" title=" cognitive control"> cognitive control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibition%20control" title=" inhibition control"> inhibition control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20suppression" title=" response suppression"> response suppression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48097/bilingual-experience-influences-different-components-of-cognitive-control-evidence-from-fmri-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48097.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">483</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">90</span> Effect of Gum Extracts on the Textural and Bread-Making Properties of a Composite Flour Based on Sour Cassava Starch (Manihot esculenta), Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and Cowpea Flour (Vigna unguiculata)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marie%20Madeleine%20Nanga%20Ndjang">Marie Madeleine Nanga Ndjang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julie%20Mathilde%20Klang"> Julie Mathilde Klang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20M.%20Mmutlane"> Edwin M. Mmutlane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Derek%20Tantoh%20Ndinteh"> Derek Tantoh Ndinteh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eugenie%20Kayitesi"> Eugenie Kayitesi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francois%20Ngoufack%20Zambou"> Francois Ngoufack Zambou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gluten intolerance and the unavailability of wheat flour in some parts of the world have led to the development of gluten-free bread. However, gluten-free bread generally results in a low specific volume, and to remedy this, the use of hydrocolloids and bases has proved to be very successful. Thus, the present study aims to determine the optimal proportions of gum extract of Triumffetapentendraand sodium bicarbonate in breadmaking of a composite flour based on sour cassava starch, peanut, and cowpea flour. To achieve this, a BoxBenkhendesign was used, the variable being the amount of extract gums, the amount of bicarbonate, and the amount of water. The responses evaluated were the specific volume and texture properties (Hardness, Cohesiveness, Consistency, Elasticity, and Masticability). The specific volume was done according to standard methods of AACC and the textural properties by a texture analyzer. It appears from this analysis that the specific volume is positively influenced by the incorporation of extract gums, bicarbonate, and water. The hardness, consistency, and plasticity increased with the incorporation rate of extract gums but reduced with the incorporation rate of bicarbonate and water. On the other hand, Cohesion and elasticity increased with the incorporation rate of bicarbonate and water but reduced with the incorporation of extract gum. The optimate proportions of extract gum, bicarbonate, and water are 0.28;1.99, and 112.5, respectively. This results in a specific volume of 1.51; a hardness of 38.51; a cohesiveness of 0.88; a consistency of 32.86; an elasticity of 5.57, and amasticability of 162.35. Thus, this analysis suggests that gum extracts and sodium bicarbonate can be used to improve the quality of gluten-free bread. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=box%20benkhen%20design" title="box benkhen design">box benkhen design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bread-making" title=" bread-making"> bread-making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gums" title=" gums"> gums</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textures%20properties" title=" textures properties"> textures properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20volume" title=" specific volume"> specific volume</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155238/effect-of-gum-extracts-on-the-textural-and-bread-making-properties-of-a-composite-flour-based-on-sour-cassava-starch-manihot-esculenta-peanut-arachis-hypogaea-and-cowpea-flour-vigna-unguiculata" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155238.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">89</span> Development of Transgenic Tomato Immunity to Pepino Mosaic Virus and Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus by Gene Silencing Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Leibman">D. Leibman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Wolf"> D. Wolf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Gal-On"> A. Gal-On</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Viral diseases of tomato crops result in heavy yield losses and may even jeopardize the production of these crops. Classical tomato breeding for disease resistance against Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), leads to partial resistance associated with a number of recessive genes. To author’s best knowledge Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) genetic resistance is not yet available. The generation of viral resistance by means of genetic engineering was reported and implemented for many crops, including tomato. Transgenic resistance against viruses is based, in most cases, on Post Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS), an endogenous mechanism which destroys the virus genome. In this work, we developed immunity against PepMV and TYLCV in a tomato based on a PTGS mechanism. Tomato plants were transformed with a hairpin-construct-expressed transgene-derived double-strand-RNA (tr-dsRNA). In the case of PepMV, the binary construct harbored three consecutive fragments of the replicase gene from three different PepMV strains (Italian, Spanish and American), to provide resistance against a range of virus strains. In the case of TYLCV, the binary vector included three consecutive fragments of the IR, V2 and C2 viral genes constructed in a hairpin configuration. Selected transgenic lines (T0) showed a high accumulation of transgene siRNA of 21-24 bases, and T1 transgenic lines showed complete immunity to PepMV and TYLCV. Graft inoculation displayed immunity of the transgenic scion against PepMV and TYLCV. The study presents the engineering of resistance in tomato against two serious diseases, which will help in the production of high-quality tomato. However, unfortunately, these resistant plants have not been implemented due to public ignorance and opposition against breeding by genetic engineering. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PepMV" title="PepMV">PepMV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PTGS" title=" PTGS"> PTGS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TYLCV" title=" TYLCV"> TYLCV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tr-dsRNA" title=" tr-dsRNA"> tr-dsRNA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110193/development-of-transgenic-tomato-immunity-to-pepino-mosaic-virus-and-tomato-yellow-leaf-curl-virus-by-gene-silencing-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">88</span> Phylogenetic Analysis Based On the Internal Transcribed Spacer-2 (ITS2) Sequences of Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Populations Reveals Significant Adaptive Evolution </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebraheem%20Al-Jouri">Ebraheem Al-Jouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youssef%20Abu-Ahmad"> Youssef Abu-Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramasamy%20Srinivasan"> Ramasamy Srinivasan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The parasitoid, Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) is one of the most effective exotic parasitoids of diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella in the lowland areas of Homs, Syria. Molecular evolution studies are useful tools to shed light on the molecular bases of insect geographical spread and adaptation to new hosts and environment and for designing better control strategies. In this study, molecular evolution analysis was performed based on the 42 nuclear internal transcribed spacer-2 (ITS2) sequences representing the D. semiclausum and eight other Diadegma spp. from Syria and worldwide. Possible recombination events were identified by RDP4 program. Four potential recombinants of the American D. insulare and D. fenestrale (Jeju) were detected. After detecting and removing recombinant sequences, the ratio of non-synonymous (dN) to synonymous (dS) substitutions per site (dN/dS=ɷ) has been used to identify codon positions involved in adaptive processes. Bayesian techniques were applied to detect selective pressures at a codon level by using five different approaches including: fixed effects likelihood (FEL), internal fixed effects likelihood (IFEL), random effects method (REL), mixed effects model of evolution (MEME) and Program analysis of maximum liklehood (PAML). Among the 40 positively selected amino acids (aa) that differed significantly between clades of Diadegma species, three aa under positive selection were only identified in D. semiclausum. Additionally, all D. semiclausum branches tree were highly found under episodic diversifying selection (EDS) at p≤0.05. Our study provide evidence that both recombination and positive selection have contributed to the molecular diversity of Diadegma spp. and highlights the significant contribution of D. semiclausum in adaptive evolution and influence the fitness in the DBM parasitoid. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diadegma%20sp" title="diadegma sp">diadegma sp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DBM" title=" DBM"> DBM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ITS2" title=" ITS2"> ITS2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phylogeny" title=" phylogeny"> phylogeny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recombination" title=" recombination"> recombination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dN%2FdS" title=" dN/dS"> dN/dS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolution" title=" evolution"> evolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positive%20selection" title=" positive selection"> positive selection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11782/phylogenetic-analysis-based-on-the-internal-transcribed-spacer-2-its2-sequences-of-diadegma-semiclausum-hymenoptera-ichneumonidae-populations-reveals-significant-adaptive-evolution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11782.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">87</span> The Use of Educational Language Games</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=April%20Love%20Palad">April Love Palad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charita%20B.%20Lasala"> Charita B. Lasala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mastery on English language is one of the important goals of all English language teachers. This goal can be seen based from the students’ actual performance using the target language which is English. Learning the English language includes hard work where efforts need to be exerted and this can be attained gradually over a long period of time. It is extremely important for all English language teachers to know the effects of incorporating games in teaching. Whether this strategy can have positive or negative effects in students learning, teachers should always consider what is best for their learners. Games may help and provide confidents language learners. These games help teachers to create context in which the language is suitable and significant. Focusing in accuracy and fluency is the heart of this study and this will be obtain in either teaching English using the traditional method or teaching English using language games. It is very important for all English teachers to know which strategy is effective in teaching English to be able to cope with students’ underachievement in this subject. This study made use of the comparative-experimental method. It made use of the pre-post test design with the aim to explore the effectiveness of the language games as strategy used in language teaching for high school students. There were two groups of students being observed, the controlled and the experimental, employing the two strategies in teaching English –traditional and with the use of language games. The scores obtained by two samples were compared to know the effectiveness of the two strategies in teaching English. In this study, it found out that language games help improve students’ fluency and accuracy in the use of target language and this is very evident in the results obtained in the pre-test and post –test result as well the mean gain scores by the two groups of students. In addition, this study also gives us a clear view on the positive effects on the use of language games in teaching which also supported by the related studies based from this research. The findings of the study served as the bases for the creation of the proposed learning plan that integrated language games that teachers may use in their own teaching. This study further concluded that language games are effective in developing students’ fluency in using the English language. This justifies that games help encourage students to learn and be entertained at the same time. Aside from that, games also promote developing language competency. This study will be very useful to teachers who are in doubt in the use of this strategy in their teaching. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20games" title="language games">language games</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental" title=" experimental"> experimental</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative" title=" comparative"> comparative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategy" title=" strategy"> strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20teaching" title=" language teaching"> language teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methodology" title=" methodology"> methodology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41710/the-use-of-educational-language-games" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41710.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">86</span> How to Motivate Child to Loose Weight When He Is Not Aware That the Overweight Is a Real Problem: «KeepHealthyKids», Study Perspectives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daria%20Druzhinenko-%20Silhan">Daria Druzhinenko- Silhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrick%20Schmoll"> Patrick Schmoll</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Childhood obesity is one of the important problem in domain of health care. During two recent decades we are observing a real epidemic of this noninfectious illness. Its consequences are hard: cardio-vascular disease; diabetes; arthrosis etc. (OMS, 2012) Keep Healthy Kids » study aims to create a new system of accompanying of childhood obesity based on new technologies as mobile applications or serious video-games. We realize a support-study which aims to understand motivations, psychological dynamite and family's impact on weight-loss process in childhood. Sample: 65 children from 7 to 10 years old accompanied by special Care Center in France. Methodology: we proceed by an innovative approach that bases on quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. We focus our proposal on data collected from medical files. We are also realizing individual assessment (still ongoing) that aims to understand psychological profiles of obese children and their family dynamic. Results: Only 16,9% of children asked for medical accompanying of obesity. We noted that the most important reason to come to the care Center was the fact of mates' scoffs (46,2%°), the second one was the appearance or look (40 %). We found out that the self-image of these children in self-evaluation questionnaire was described mostly as rather good (46,2) or good (28,2%); the most part of children evaluated their well-being as rather good (29,7%) or good (51,4%). In interviews children had tendency to not recall why they came to the Care Center. Discussion : These results permit us to make a hypothesis that children suffering of overweight or obesity are not clearly aware why they must loose weight. It was rather the peer environment that pointed out the problem of overweight for them. So the motivation to loose weight is mostly supported by environment. We suppose that it is a « weak-point » of their motivation and it can be over-come using serious video-games supporting physical activity that can make deviate the motivation from « to loose weight for be looked better by the others » into « have fun and feeling me better ». <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=childhood%20obesity" title="childhood obesity">childhood obesity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title=" motivation"> motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weight-loss" title=" weight-loss"> weight-loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serious%20video-game" title=" serious video-game"> serious video-game</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21170/how-to-motivate-child-to-loose-weight-when-he-is-not-aware-that-the-overweight-is-a-real-problem-keephealthykids-study-perspectives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21170.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mannich%20bases&page=6" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mannich%20bases&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mannich%20bases&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mannich%20bases&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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