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title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Cerca</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice">  </div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Banús</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> tipus de fusta </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" 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o <b>eben</b> és el nom que es dona al <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Duramen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Duramen">duramen</a> de la fusta de diverses espècies d'arbres de la família <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebenaceae?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebenaceae">Ebenaceae</a></i> pertanyents al gènere <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diospyros?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diospyros">Diospyros</a></i>. Aquests arbres es troben a les regions <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tropical?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical">tropicals</a> del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vell_M%C3%B3n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vell Món">Vell Món</a> i són coneguts des de temps molt antics i apreciats pel color negre o virolat de la seva fusta.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ban%C3%BAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El banús és un <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arbre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arbre">arbre</a> que pot arribar a créixer entre 10 i 12 metres d'alçada.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Ebonytreeforest.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Ebonytreeforest.jpg/220px-Ebonytreeforest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Ebonytreeforest.jpg/330px-Ebonytreeforest.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Ebonytreeforest.jpg/440px-Ebonytreeforest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932"></a> <figcaption> Un bosc de banussos </figcaption> </figure> <p>Arbres considerats productors de fusta de banús:</p> <ul> <li>Espècies: <ul> <li><i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Diospyros_celebica&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Diospyros celebica (encara no existeix)">Diospyros celebica</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ban%C3%BAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Diospyros_crassiflora&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Diospyros crassiflora (encara no existeix)">Diospyros crassiflora</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-A.A._3-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ban%C3%BAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-A.A.-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Diospyros_ebenum&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Diospyros ebenum (encara no existeix)">Diospyros ebenum</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-(dir.)Veny2014_4-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ban%C3%BAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-(dir.)Veny2014-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Diospyros_melanoxylon&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Diospyros melanoxylon (encara no existeix)">Diospyros melanoxylon</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Bubiani1876_5-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ban%C3%BAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bubiani1876-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Diospyros_mun&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Diospyros mun (encara no existeix)">Diospyros mun</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Division2006_6-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ban%C3%BAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Division2006-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Diospyros_perrieri&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Diospyros perrieri (encara no existeix)">Diospyros perrieri</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-A.A.2008_7-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ban%C3%BAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-A.A.2008-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul></li> </ul> <p>L'arbre fruiter conreat als <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa%C3%AFsos_Catalans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Països Catalans">Països Catalans</a> conegut com a <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caqui?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Caqui">caqui</a></i> (<i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diospyros_kaki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Diospyros kaki">Diospyros kaki</a></i>) és del mateix gènere que els banussos, però no se l'en considera, car la seva fusta no té les característiques desitjades.<sup id="cite_ref-Rein1889_8-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ban%C3%BAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rein1889-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Les característiques principals del banús són el seu color negre i la seva densitat elevada. No són característiques sistemàtiques, ja que aquestes són producte d'una malaltia del cor o duramen de l'arbre. És per això que es troben banussos amb el cor de la fusta més o menys dur.</p> <p>La paraula catalana <i><b>banús</b></i>, registrada des del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xiv</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-LlullLlopart2009_9-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ban%C3%BAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-LlullLlopart2009-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> deriva de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%80rab?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Àrab">àrab</a> <i>abanús</i>. En <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Llat%C3%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Llatí">llatí</a> s'anomena <i>ebenus</i>, i deriva del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grec?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grec">grec</a> <i>ebenos</i> (mot d'origen egipci <i>hbnj</i>), que designa aquesta fusta. A l'època de l'Egipte faraònic, es feia servir per a petits objectes com a matèria primera preciosa.<sup id="cite_ref-NicholsonShaw2000_10-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ban%C3%BAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NicholsonShaw2000-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>La paraula <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebenisteria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebenisteria">ebenisteria</a></i> deriva del nom que rep en llatí.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="ca" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contingut</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ban%C3%BAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Distribuci%C3%B3"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Distribució</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ban%C3%BAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Descripci%C3%B3"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Descripció</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ban%C3%BAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ecologia"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Ecologia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ban%C3%BAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Fusta"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Fusta</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ban%C3%BAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Utilitzaci%C3%B3"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Utilització</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ban%C3%BAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Refer%C3%A8ncies"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Referències</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Distribució"><span id="Distribuci.C3.B3"></span>Distribució</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ban%C3%BAs&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Distribució" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>És originari de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Índia">Índia</a> i de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sri_Lanka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>.</p> <p>Hi ha dos tipus d'espècies, l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asi%C3%A0tica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Asiàtica">asiàtica</a> i l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Africana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Africana">africana</a>, anomenada <i>mping</i> a l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%80frica_Oriental?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Àfrica Oriental">Àfrica oriental</a>, i <i>zebrawood</i> a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%80frica_del_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Àfrica del Sud">Àfrica del Sud</a>.</p> <p>Aquesta fusta té una densitat aproximada d'1,5 <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=T/m%C2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="T/m³ (encara no existeix)">t/m³</a>, en ser talat l'arbre. Posteriorment, quan s'asseca, es redueix a 1,35 t/m³, més de tres vegades la densitat del pi i més de dues vegades la del teca (<i>Tectona grandis</i>). És una de les fustes més dures i més pesades del món (no flota a l'aigua).</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Descripció"><span id="Descripci.C3.B3"></span>Descripció</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ban%C3%BAs&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Descripció" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>El banús té un color cafè fosc amb vetes negres, les quals són predominants i el seu aspecte és gairebé negre. Es troba en prop de 20 països d'Àfrica, dins del triangle comprès entre el Sudan, Angola i el cap Oriental a l'Àfrica del Sud. En la majoria dels llocs creix com un arbust. Només creix com a arbre en certes parts de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mo%C3%A7ambic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moçambic">Moçambic</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tanz%C3%A0nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tanzània">Tanzània</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Z%C3%A0mbia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zàmbia">Zàmbia</a>, i la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="República">República</a> Democràtica del Congo. Els grans troncs poden arribar a un diàmetre de 6 <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Dm">dm</a>, i només un tronc curt pot arribar a pesar entre 800-1.000 <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kg">kg</a>. Troncs d'aquesta mida són escassos, ja que es necessiten més de 200 <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anys?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anys">anys</a> per a aconseguir aquestes dimensions. La seva valuosa fusta també s'utilitza per a la fabricació de mobles d'alta qualitat.</p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:%C3%89bano.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Secció d'un tronc de banús"> <noscript> <img alt="Secció d'un tronc de banús" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/%C3%89bano.jpg/90px-%C3%89bano.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/%C3%89bano.jpg/90px-%C3%89bano.jpg" data-alt="Secció d'un tronc de banús" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/%C3%89bano.jpg/135px-%C3%89bano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/%C3%89bano.jpg/180px-%C3%89bano.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Secció d'un tronc de banús </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:EbonyWhiteOak.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Peces de banús del Gabon (en primer pla) i de "White Oak""> <noscript> <img alt="Peces de banús del Gabon (en primer pla) i de "White Oak"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/EbonyWhiteOak.JPG/120px-EbonyWhiteOak.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/EbonyWhiteOak.JPG/120px-EbonyWhiteOak.JPG" data-alt="Peces de banús del Gabon (en primer pla) i de "White Oak"" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/EbonyWhiteOak.JPG/180px-EbonyWhiteOak.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/EbonyWhiteOak.JPG/240px-EbonyWhiteOak.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Peces de banús del Gabon (en primer pla) i de "White Oak" </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Macassar-Ebenholz.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Banús de Makassar"> <noscript> <img alt="Banús de Makassar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Macassar-Ebenholz.jpg/120px-Macassar-Ebenholz.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="421"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Macassar-Ebenholz.jpg/120px-Macassar-Ebenholz.jpg" data-alt="Banús de Makassar" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Macassar-Ebenholz.jpg/180px-Macassar-Ebenholz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Macassar-Ebenholz.jpg/240px-Macassar-Ebenholz.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <b>Banús</b> de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Makassar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Makassar">Makassar</a> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Macassar01.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Banús de Makassar"> <noscript> <img alt="Banús de Makassar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Macassar01.jpg/120px-Macassar01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1956" data-file-height="1467"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Macassar01.jpg/120px-Macassar01.jpg" data-alt="Banús de Makassar" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Macassar01.jpg/180px-Macassar01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Macassar01.jpg/240px-Macassar01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>Banús</b> de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Makassar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Makassar">Makassar</a> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Palisander,Santos_Holz.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Palissandre de Rio, Dalbergia nigra"> <noscript> <img alt="Palissandre de Rio, Dalbergia nigra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Palisander%2CSantos_Holz.JPG/120px-Palisander%2CSantos_Holz.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="61" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4771" data-file-height="2432"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 61px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Palisander%2CSantos_Holz.JPG/120px-Palisander%2CSantos_Holz.JPG" data-alt="Palissandre de Rio, Dalbergia nigra" data-width="120" data-height="61" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Palisander%2CSantos_Holz.JPG/180px-Palisander%2CSantos_Holz.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Palisander%2CSantos_Holz.JPG/240px-Palisander%2CSantos_Holz.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palissandre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palissandre">Palissandre</a> de Rio, <i>Dalbergia nigra</i> </div></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Ecologia">Ecologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ban%C3%BAs&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Ecologia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <dl> <dt> Hàbitat </dt> </dl> <p>Muntanyes càlides i pedregoses.</p> <p>Alçada de 25 a 30 m, amb un tronc de 7 a 10 m i un diàmetre de menys d'un metre.</p> <p>Només els peus femelles (arbre <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dioic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dioic">dioic</a>) s'utilitzen per a obtenir un bon banús amb el color negre estable i amb poques venes blanquinoses.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Fusta">Fusta</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ban%C3%BAs&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Fusta" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fusta_preciosa&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Fusta preciosa (encara no existeix)">Fusta preciosa</a> molt negra o amb venes. Gra molt fi, fusta molt pesada (densitat d'1 a 1,10). Els cristalls d'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%80cid_ox%C3%A0lic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Àcid oxàlic">àcid oxàlic</a> que conté li donen un aspecte brillant quan s'il·lumina. El banús té una gran durabilitat, no l'ataquen els insectes, és poc higroscòpic i d'una gran rigidesa. Permet un bon poliment.</li> <li>Botànica, algunes espècies : <ul> <li>Banús dels indis, <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Diospyros_ebenum&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Diospyros ebenum (encara no existeix)">Diospyros ebenum</a></i> (<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Índia">Índia</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sri_Lanka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>). Espècie protegida que no s'exporta, amb l'excepció de peces menudes per a instruments musicals.</li> <li>Banús de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madagascar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Diospyros_perrieri&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Diospyros perrieri (encara no existeix)">Diospyros perrieri</a></i> (<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madagascar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maurici?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maurici">Maurici</a>). És la varietat més usada en mobles francesos dels segles <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xvii</span> i <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xviii</span>.</li> <li>Banús del Gabon <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Diospyros_crassiflora&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Diospyros crassiflora (encara no existeix)">Diospyros crassiflora</a></i> (<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gabon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gabon">Gabon</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camerun?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camerun">Camerun</a>). És la varietat menys negra; de vegades amb venes blanques.</li> </ul></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Utilització"><span id="Utilitzaci.C3.B3"></span>Utilització</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ban%C3%BAs&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Utilització" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Ebony_elefant.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ebony_elefant.JPG/220px-Ebony_elefant.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="461"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ebony_elefant.JPG/220px-Ebony_elefant.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ebony_elefant.JPG/330px-Ebony_elefant.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ebony_elefant.JPG/440px-Ebony_elefant.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Elefants fets amb banús a Sri Lanka (<i>Diospyros ebenum</i>) </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li>Treballada en <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebenisteria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebenisteria">ebenisteria</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Escultura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Escultura">escultura</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lutier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lutier">construcció d'instruments</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marqueteria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marqueteria">marqueteria</a> i en jocs d'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Escacs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Escacs">escacs</a>, dames... sota la forma de fusta massissa, en fulls o plaques. Se'n fan instruments de fusta com el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clarinet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clarinet">clarinet</a>, l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Obo%C3%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oboè">oboè</a>, instruments de corda, tecles de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piano">piano</a> i algunes baquetes de percussió.</li> </ul> <p>La utilització tradicional del banús va disminuir amb la comercialització de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caoba_(fusta)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Caoba (fusta)">caoba</a> a partir del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xvii</span>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ban%C3%BAs&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Referències" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ban%C3%BAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.diccionari.cat/lexicx.jsp?GECART%3D0142771">GDLC. Virolat.</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ban%C3%BAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.cat/books?id%3DLep3-hqiO68C%26pg%3DPA721"><i>Especies de Maderas</i></a>. AITIM, p. 721–. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-87381-30-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-87381-30-0">ISBN 978-84-87381-30-0</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Especies+de+Maderas&rft.pub=AITIM&rft.pages=721%E2%80%93&rft.isbn=978-84-87381-30-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLep3-hqiO68C%26pg%3DPA721"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-A.A.-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ban%C3%BAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-A.A._3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Lemmens, R.H.M.J., Louppe, D. & Oteng-Amoako, A.A.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.cat/books?id%3D4MpmAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA303"><i>Timbers 2</i></a>. PROTA, p. 303–. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-92-9081-495-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-92-9081-495-5">ISBN 978-92-9081-495-5</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Timbers+2&rft.au=Lemmens%2C+R.H.M.J.%2C+Louppe%2C+D.+%26+Oteng-Amoako%2C+A.A.&rft.pub=PROTA&rft.pages=303%E2%80%93&rft.isbn=978-92-9081-495-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4MpmAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA303"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-(dir.)Veny2014-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ban%C3%BAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-(dir.)Veny2014_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Joan Vallès (dir.); Joan Veny; Josep Vigo <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.cat/books?id%3DNYhKBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA145"><i>Noms de plantes. Corpus de fitonímia catalana</i></a>. Edicions Universitat Barcelona, 19 setembre 2014, p. 145–. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-475-3855-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-475-3855-3">ISBN 978-84-475-3855-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Noms+de+plantes.+Corpus+de+fiton%C3%ADmia+catalana&rft.date=19+setembre+2014&rft.pub=Edicions+Universitat+Barcelona&rft.pages=145%E2%80%93&rft.isbn=978-84-475-3855-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNYhKBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA145"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bubiani1876-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ban%C3%BAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bubiani1876_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Pietro Bubiani. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.cat/books?id%3DoEdeany77cQC%26pg%3DPA46"><i>Flora Virgiliana</i></a>. Maraggiani, 1876, p. 46–.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flora+Virgiliana&rft.au=Pietro+Bubiani&rft.date=1876&rft.pub=Maraggiani&rft.pages=46%E2%80%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoEdeany77cQC%26pg%3DPA46"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Division2006-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ban%C3%BAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Division2006_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Great Britain. Naval Intelligence Division. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.cat/books?id%3DfMFK02KLtwQC%26pg%3DPA301"><i>Indo-China</i></a>. Routledge, 2006, p. 301–. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-7103-1027-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-7103-1027-9">ISBN 978-0-7103-1027-9</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indo-China&rft.au=Great+Britain.+Naval+Intelligence+Division&rft.date=2006&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.pages=301%E2%80%93&rft.isbn=978-0-7103-1027-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfMFK02KLtwQC%26pg%3DPA301"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-A.A.2008-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ban%C3%BAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-A.A.2008_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Lemmens, R.H.M.J., Louppe, D. & Oteng-Amoako, A.A.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.cat/books?id%3DJ8pmAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA342"><i>Bois d’oeuvre 2</i></a>. PROTA, 2008, p. 342–. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-92-9081-497-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-92-9081-497-9">ISBN 978-92-9081-497-9</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bois+d%E2%80%99oeuvre+2&rft.au=Lemmens%2C+R.H.M.J.%2C+Louppe%2C+D.+%26+Oteng-Amoako%2C+A.A.&rft.date=2008&rft.pub=PROTA&rft.pages=342%E2%80%93&rft.isbn=978-92-9081-497-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ8pmAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA342"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Rein1889-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ban%C3%BAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rein1889_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Johannes Justus Rein. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.cat/books?id%3D5mdGAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA247"><i>The Industries of Japan: Together with an Account of Its Agriculture, Forestry, Arts, and Commerce. From Travels and Researches Undertaken at the Cost of the Prussian Government</i></a>. Hodder and Stoughton, 1889, p. 247–.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Industries+of+Japan%3A+Together+with+an+Account+of+Its+Agriculture%2C+Forestry%2C+Arts%2C+and+Commerce.+From+Travels+and+Researches+Undertaken+at+the+Cost+of+the+Prussian+Government&rft.au=Johannes+Justus+Rein&rft.date=1889&rft.pub=Hodder+and+Stoughton&rft.pages=247%E2%80%93&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5mdGAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA247"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-LlullLlopart2009-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ban%C3%BAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-LlullLlopart2009_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Ramon Llull; Albert Soler i Llopart; Joan Santanach i Suñol <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.cat/books?id%3DHNRsL0pHwpoC%26pg%3DPA215"><i>Romanç d'Evast e Blaquerna</i></a>. L'Abadia de Montserrat, 2009, p. 215–. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-9883-173-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-9883-173-3">ISBN 978-84-9883-173-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roman%C3%A7+d%27Evast+e+Blaquerna&rft.date=2009&rft.pub=L%27Abadia+de+Montserrat&rft.pages=215%E2%80%93&rft.isbn=978-84-9883-173-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHNRsL0pHwpoC%26pg%3DPA215"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-NicholsonShaw2000-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ban%C3%BAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-NicholsonShaw2000_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Paul T. Nicholson; Ian Shaw; Cambridge University Press <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.cat/books?id%3DVj7A9jJrZP0C%26pg%3DPA339"><i>Ancient Egyptian Materials and Technology</i></a>. Cambridge University Press, 23 març 2000, p. 339–. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-521-45257-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-521-45257-1">ISBN 978-0-521-45257-1</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Egyptian+Materials+and+Technology&rft.date=23+mar%C3%A7+2000&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.pages=339%E2%80%93&rft.isbn=978-0-521-45257-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVj7A9jJrZP0C%26pg%3DPA339"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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</div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ban%C3%BAs&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="EVA3.0 (bot)" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1731234172"> <span>Darrera modificació: 10 nov 2024 a les 11:22</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Llengües</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebbehout" title="Ebbehout - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ebbehout" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A3%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3" title="أبنوس - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أبنوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3" title="ابنوس - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ابنوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25B4%25D1%2580%25D1%258D%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Чорнае дрэва - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чорнае дрэва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581" title="Абанос - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Абанос" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2586%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A7%2581%25E0%25A6%25B8_(%25E0%25A6%2589%25E0%25A6%25A6%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AD%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25A6)" title="আবলুস (উদ্ভিদ) - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আবলুস (উদ্ভিদ)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A6%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3" title="ئابنووس - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئابنووس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eben" title="Eben - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Eben" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenholz" title="Ebenholz - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ebenholz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2588%25CE%25B2%25CE%25B5%25CE%25BD%25CE%25BF%25CF%2582" title="Έβενος - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έβενος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebony" title="Ebony - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ebony" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebono" title="Ebono - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ebono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2589bano" title="Ébano - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ébano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebano" title="Ebano - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ebano" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A2%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3_(%25DA%2586%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8)" title="آبنوس (چوب) - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آبنوس (چوب)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eebenpuu" title="Eebenpuu - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Eebenpuu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eboni" title="Eboni - fijià" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Eboni" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2589b%25C3%25A8ne" title="Ébène - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ébène" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2589bano" title="Ébano - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ébano" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2594%25D7%2595%25D7%2591%25D7%25A0%25D7%2594" title="הובנה - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הובנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2586%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%2582%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="आबनूस - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आबनूस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebanovina" title="Ebanovina - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ebanovina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenowe_drjewo" title="Ebenowe drjewo - alt sòrab" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Ebenowe drjewo" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="alt sòrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bwa_deb%25C3%25A8n" title="Bwa debèn - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Bwa debèn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2589benfa" title="Ébenfa - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ébenfa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B7%25D5%25A2%25D5%25A5%25D5%25B6%25D5%25B8%25D5%25BD%25D5%25A1%25D6%2583%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B5%25D5%25BF" title="Էբենոսափայտ - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էբենոսափայտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abnus" title="Abnus - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Abnus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebeno" title="Ebeno - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ebeno" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebano" title="Ebano - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ebano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25B3%25E3%2582%25AF%25E3%2582%25BF%25E3%2583%25B3" title="コクタン - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コクタン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%2596%25E1%2583%2598" title="აბანოზი - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აბანოზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%259D%2591%25EB%258B%25A8" title="흑단 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="흑단" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581" title="Абонос - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Абонос" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25AE%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%2582" title="കരിമരം - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കരിമരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abnus" title="Abnus - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abnus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebben" title="Ebben - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ebben" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibenholt" title="Ibenholt - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ibenholt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibenholt" title="Ibenholt - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ibenholt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eb%25C3%25A8n" title="Ebèn - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ebèn" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heban" title="Heban - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Heban" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A2%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3" title="آبنوس - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آبنوس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2589bano" title="Ébano - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ébano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abanos" title="Abanos - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Abanos" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abanozi" title="Abanozi - aromanès" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Abanozi" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE" title="Эбеновое дерево - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эбеновое дерево" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A2%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3" title="آبنوس - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آبنوس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebanovina" title="Ebanovina - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ebanovina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebony_(tree)" title="Ebony (tree) - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ebony (tree)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abanoz" title="Abanoz - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Abanoz" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" title="Ебановина - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ебановина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenholts" title="Ebenholts - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ebenholts" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abunusi" title="Abunusi - suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Abunusi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%2599%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%25BF" title="கருங்காலி - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கருங்காலி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B9%2582%25E0%25B8%2581" title="ตะโก - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตะโก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abanoz" title="Abanoz - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Abanoz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE" title="Ебенове дерево - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ебенове дерево" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A2%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3" title="آبنوس - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آبنوس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%25E1%25BB%2597_mun" title="Gỗ mun - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gỗ mun" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2589bano" title="Ébano - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ébano" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B9%258C%25E6%259C%25A8" title="乌木 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="乌木" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B9%258C%25E6%259C%25A8_(%25E7%25BA%25A2%25E6%259C%25A8)" title="乌木 (红木) - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乌木 (红木)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%2585%25B8%25E6%259E%259D" title="酸枝 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="酸枝" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img 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