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<script> if (window.top !== window.self) { window.location.href = "/public/error-embedding.png"; } </script> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Local Human Development in contexts of permanent crisis: Women’s experiences in the Western Sahara | Belloso | Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies</title> <meta name="description" content="Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies aims to engage, inform, and catalyse scholarly discourse within research and real-world practices that work towards the minimisation of vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout developing communities with special emphasis on Africa." /> <meta name="keywords" content="climate; change; disaster; community; people; knowledge; management; vulnerability; adaptation; research; development; floods; analysis; data; model; indigenous; traditional; livelihood; areas; African; water; risk; reduction; government; resilience; poverty; systems; resources; district; impact" /> <meta name="generator" content=" 2.4.8.5" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="f5_sIDOx2p9jSeEQeutFVmqy39Mr5CgP_p-vWYsXt1w" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://jamba.org.za/public/journals/1/journalFavicon_en_US.png" type="image/png" /> <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor.Sponsor" xml:lang="en" content=""/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="María López Belloso"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Irantzu Mendia Azkue"/> <meta name="DC.Date.created" scheme="ISO8601" content="2009-04-25"/> <meta name="DC.Date.dateSubmitted" scheme="ISO8601" content="2009-04-25"/> <meta name="DC.Date.issued" scheme="ISO8601" content="2009-04-25"/> <meta name="DC.Date.modified" scheme="ISO8601" content="2012-04-25"/> <meta name="DC.Description" xml:lang="en" content="Sahrawi women are active agents in the social dynamics of the refugee camps, in which they have developeda number of coping strategies to overcome the hardships of a deteriorating humanitarian situation. Since the outbreak of the con#ict and the forced settlement in Tindouf, Algeria, women have been responsible for the entire management of refugee camps, assuming leadership roles in many sectors of society.This paper highlights the Sahrawi women’s contribution to the process of local human development in a context of protracted refuge such as the one in the Western Sahara. In addition to the enlargement of the refugee population’s capacities in relation to material and physical assets, social and organizational abilities, and motivational strengths, one of the major achievements of Sahrawi women has been their own individual and collective process of empowerment within the camp life."/> <meta name="DC.Format" scheme="IMT" content="application/pdf"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="24"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.pageNumber" content="159-176"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.DOI" content="10.4102/jamba.v2i3.24"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.URI" content="https://jamba.org.za/index.php/jamba/article/view/24"/> <meta name="DC.Language" scheme="ISO639-1" content="en"/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="Copyright (c) 2009 María López Belloso, Irantzu Mendia Azkue" /> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"/> <meta name="DC.Source" content="Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies"/> <meta name="DC.Source.ISSN" content="1996-1421"/> <meta name="DC.Source.Issue" content="3"/> <meta name="DC.Source.URI" content="https://jamba.org.za/index.php/jamba"/> <meta name="DC.Source.Volume" content="2"/> <meta name="DC.Title" content="Local Human Development in contexts of permanent crisis: Women’s experiences in the Western Sahara"/> <meta name="DC.Type" content="Text.Serial.Journal"/> <meta name="DC.Type.articleType" content="Original Research"/> <meta name="gs_meta_revision" content="1.1" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1996-1421"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="María López Belloso"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="HEGOA Institute of Development and International Cooperation Studies (Bilbao) University of the Basque Country"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Irantzu Mendia Azkue"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="HEGOA Institute of Development and International Cooperation Studies (Bilbao) University of the Basque Country"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Local Human Development in contexts of permanent crisis: Women’s experiences in the Western Sahara"/> <meta name="citation_date" content="2009/04/25"/> <meta name="citation_volume" content="2"/> <meta name="citation_issue" content="3"/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="159"/> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="176"/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.4102/jamba.v2i3.24"/> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://jamba.org.za/index.php/jamba/article/view/24"/> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://jamba.org.za/index.php/jamba/article/download/24/24"/> <meta name="fulltext_pdf" content="https://jamba.org.za/index.php/jamba/article/download/24/24"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://jamba.org.za/lib/pkp/styles/pkp.css" type="text/css" />  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://jamba.org.za/styles/compiled.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://jamba.org.za/lib/pkp/js/lib/jquery/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://jamba.org.za/lib/pkp/js/lib/jquery/plugins/jqueryUi.min.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://jamba.org.za/styles/sidebar.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://jamba.org.za/styles/leftSidebar.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://jamba.org.za/styles/rightSidebar.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://jamba.org.za/styles/bothSidebars.css" type="text/css" />  <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery.pkp = jQuery.pkp || { }; jQuery.pkp.locale = { }; jQuery.pkp.locale.form_dataHasChanged = 'The data on this form has changed. 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target="_parent">Home</a> <span class="breadsep">▶</span> <a href="https://jamba.org.za/index.php/jamba/issue/view/4" target="_parent">Vol 2, No 3 (2009)</a> <span class="breadsep">▶</span> <a href="https://jamba.org.za/index.php/jamba/article/view/24/0" class="current" target="_parent">Belloso</a> </div>  <div id="content" > <div id="topBar"> </div> <style> /* https://www.smarty.net/forums/viewtopic.php?t=85 */ div#articleTitle h3{ color: #21406e !important; font-size: 14px !important; font-family: verdana!important; font-weight: bold !important; margin-bottom: 1px !important; } div#authorString{ margin-bottom: 10px; } div#authorString em{ color: #6D6E71 !important; font-size: 12px !important; font-family: verdana!important; font-weight: bold !important; font-style: normal !important; } div#articleFullText{ margin-top: 9px; } div#articleFullText h4{ display: inline; position: relative; width: auto; margin-top: 9px; } </style> <div id="articleTitle" id="article_view"> <h4 class="issue_view">Original Research</h4> <h3 class="abstract_title">Local Human Development in contexts of permanent crisis: Women’s experiences in the Western Sahara</h3> </div> <div id="authorString"><em>María López Belloso, Irantzu Mendia Azkue</em></div> <div> Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies | Vol 2, No 3 | a24 | DOI: <a id="pub-id::doi" href="https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v2i3.24">https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v2i3.24</a> | © 2009 María López Belloso, Irantzu Mendia Azkue | This work is licensed under <a target="_blank" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" >CC Attribution 4.0</a> <br /> <b>Submitted:</b> 25 April 2009 | <b>Published:</b> 25 April 2009 </div> <br /> <div> <h4 style="font-weight:normal;font-size: 11px !important;">About the author(s)</h4> María López Belloso, HEGOA Institute of Development and International Cooperation Studies (Bilbao) University of the Basque Country, Spain<br /> Irantzu Mendia Azkue, HEGOA Institute of Development and International Cooperation Studies (Bilbao) University of the Basque Country </div> <br /> <style> div.addthis_container h4#add_this_title{ font-size: 12px!important; } </style> <div id="articleFullText"> <h4 style="font-weight:normal;font-size: 11px !important;">Full Text:</h4> <a href="https://jamba.org.za/index.php/jamba/article/view/24/24" class="file" target="_parent"> PDF (419KB) </a> </div> <div id="articleAbstract"> <h4 style="font-weight:normal;font-size: 11px !important;">Abstract</h4> <div>Sahrawi women are active agents in the social dynamics of the refugee camps, in which they have developeda number of coping strategies to overcome the hardships of a deteriorating humanitarian situation. Since the outbreak of the con#ict and the forced settlement in Tindouf, Algeria, women have been responsible for the entire management of refugee camps, assuming leadership roles in many sectors of society.This paper highlights the Sahrawi women’s contribution to the process of local human development in a context of protracted refuge such as the one in the Western Sahara. In addition to the enlargement of the refugee population’s capacities in relation to material and physical assets, social and organizational abilities, and motivational strengths, one of the major achievements of Sahrawi women has been their own individual and collective process of empowerment within the camp life.</div> <br /> </div> <div id="articleSubject"> <h4 style="font-weight:normal;font-size: 11px !important;">Keywords</h4> <div>No related keywords in the metadata.</div> <br /> </div> <div> <h4 style="font-weight:normal;font-size: 11px !important;">Metrics</h4> Total abstract views: 6839 <br /> Total article views: 3498 </div> <br/> <p> </p><div id="articleTitle"><h4 style="font-weight:normal;font-size: 11px !important;">Crossref Citations</h4></div><p>1. <b>Local human development in crisis contexts</b><br /><span style="font-size: 0.9em;">Alfonso Dubois Migoya, Luis Guridi Aldanondo, María López Belloso</span><br /><b><i>International Journal of Social Economics</i></b>  vol: 38  issue: 6  first page: 498  year: 2011  <br />doi: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03068291111131373" target="_blank">10.1108/03068291111131373</a><p> </div> <div id="pageFooter"><script type="text/javascript" src="/public/d5c6e149e1019dfeb4d53608e2b9d694.js"></script><div id="newpagefooter"><div id="footerleft"><span id="contactus"><strong>African Online Scientific Information Systems (Pty) Ltd t/a AOSIS</strong><br />Reg No: 2002/002017/07<br />International Tel: +27 21 975 2602<br />5 Hafele Street, Durbanville, Cape Town, 7550, South Africa<br />publishing(AT)aosis.co.za replace (AT) with @ <br /></span><span id="contactustnc"><br />All articles published in this journal are licensed under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</a> (CC BY 4.0) license, unless otherwise stated. <br />Website design & content: ©2025 <a href="https://www.aosis.co.za" target="_blank"> AOSIS (Pty) Ltd.</a> All rights reserved. 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