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Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocharitidae" title="Melanocharitidae – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Melanocharitidae" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocar%C3%ADtids" title="Melanocarítids – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Melanocarítids" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocharitidae" title="Melanocharitidae – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Melanocharitidae" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BDkor%C4%8D%C3%ADkovit%C3%AD" title="Sýkorčíkovití – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sýkorčíkovití" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beerenpicker" title="Beerenpicker – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Beerenpicker" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocharitidae" title="Melanocharitidae – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Melanocharitidae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanokaritedoj" title="Melanokaritedoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Melanokaritedoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="شاه‌توت‌کوبان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شاه‌توت‌کوبان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocharitidae" title="Melanocharitidae – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Melanocharitidae" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%9C%EB%9D%BC%EB%85%B8%EC%B9%B4%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%EA%B3%BC" title="멜라노카리스과 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="멜라노카리스과" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burung_buah_(Melanocharitidae)" title="Burung buah (Melanocharitidae) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Burung buah (Melanocharitidae)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocharitidae" title="Melanocharitidae – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Melanocharitidae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מלנוכריים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלנוכריים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apiz_(Melanocharitidae)" title="Apiz (Melanocharitidae) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Apiz (Melanocharitidae)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilgasnapiniai" title="Ilgasnapiniai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ilgasnapiniai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogy%C3%B3kap%C3%B3f%C3%A9l%C3%A9k" title="Bogyókapófélék – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bogyókapófélék" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocharitidae" title="Melanocharitidae – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Melanocharitidae" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%97%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8F%E3%83%8A%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E7%A7%91" title="パプアハナドリ科 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パプアハナドリ科" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A6rfuglfamilien" title="Bærfuglfamilien – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bærfuglfamilien" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A6rfuglfamilien" title="Bærfuglfamilien – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bærfuglfamilien" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagodziaki" title="Jagodziaki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jagodziaki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocharitidae" title="Melanocharitidae – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Melanocharitidae" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocharitidae" title="Melanocharitidae – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Melanocharitidae" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjastajat" title="Marjastajat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Marjastajat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A4rpickare" title="Bärpickare – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bärpickare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocharitidae" title="Melanocharitidae – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Melanocharitidae" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%97%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Фруктоїдові – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фруктоїдові" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocharitidae" title="Melanocharitidae – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Melanocharitidae" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocharitidae" title="Melanocharitidae – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Melanocharitidae" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessenpikkers_en_honiengjaehers" title="Bessenpikkers en honiengjaehers – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Bessenpikkers en honiengjaehers" 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longbills </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Toxorhamphus_poliopterus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Toxorhamphus_poliopterus.jpg/220px-Toxorhamphus_poliopterus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Toxorhamphus_poliopterus.jpg/330px-Toxorhamphus_poliopterus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Toxorhamphus_poliopterus.jpg/440px-Toxorhamphus_poliopterus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><a href="/wiki/Slaty-headed_longbill" title="Slaty-headed longbill">Slaty-headed longbill</a> (<i>Toxorhamphus poliopterus</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Melanocharitidae" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">Aves</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Passerine" title="Passerine">Passeriformes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Infraorder: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Passerida" title="Passerida">Passerida</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Melanocharitidae</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sibley" title="Charles Sibley">Sibley</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jon_Edward_Ahlquist" class="mw-redirect" title="Jon Edward Ahlquist">Ahlquist</a>, 1985</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Genera </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Melanocharis" title="Melanocharis">Melanocharis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedistoma" title="Oedistoma">Oedistoma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhamphocharis" title="Rhamphocharis">Rhamphocharis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Toxorhamphus" title="Toxorhamphus">Toxorhamphus</a></i></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>Melanocharitidae</b>, the <b>berrypeckers and longbills</b>, is a small bird <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> restricted to the forests of <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>. The family contains eleven species in four (sometimes three) <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genera</a>. They are small <a href="/wiki/Songbird" title="Songbird">songbirds</a> with generally dull <a href="/wiki/Plumage" title="Plumage">plumage</a> but a range of body shapes. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy_and_systematics">Taxonomy and systematics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melanocharitidae&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Taxonomy and systematics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The identification of the family Melanocharitidae was not known or suspected until the work of <a href="/wiki/Sibley%E2%80%93Ahlquist_taxonomy_of_birds" title="Sibley–Ahlquist taxonomy of birds">Sibley and Ahlquist</a> on the taxonomy of birds using <a href="/wiki/DNA%E2%80%93DNA_hybridization" title="DNA–DNA hybridization">DNA–DNA hybridization</a> The genera had been instead placed with other families. The two genera of berrypecker had been placed inside the <a href="/wiki/Flowerpecker" title="Flowerpecker">flowerpecker</a> family Dicaeidae, and the longbills were once considered to be <a href="/wiki/Honeyeater" title="Honeyeater">honeyeaters</a> (which they closely resemble). Sibley and Ahlquist placed the berrypeckers and longbill family close to the <a href="/wiki/Painted_berrypecker" title="Painted berrypecker">painted berrypeckers</a> (Paramythiidae), <a href="/wiki/Sunbird" title="Sunbird">sunbirds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flowerpecker" title="Flowerpecker">flowerpeckers</a>, but a 2002 study found them closer to the satinbirds (<a href="/wiki/Cnemophilidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cnemophilidae">Cnemophilidae</a>, a recent split from the <a href="/wiki/Bird-of-paradise" title="Bird-of-paradise">birds-of-paradise</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It comprises ten species in four genera, the <i><a href="/wiki/Melanocharis" title="Melanocharis">Melanocharis</a></i> berrypeckers and the longbills in the genera <i><a href="/wiki/Toxorhamphus" title="Toxorhamphus">Toxorhamphus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_longbill" title="Pygmy longbill">Oedistoma</a></i>. The two longbill genera are sometimes incorrectly lumped into the same genus, <i>Toxorhamphus</i>, in spite of <i>Oedistoma</i> being erected forty years prior to <i>Toxorhamphus</i> (a violation of the taxonomic <a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature#Principle_of_Priority" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature">principal of priority</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are both molecular and morphological reasons to keep the two genera separate, however. A 1993 study of the longbills, berrypeckers and some other aberrant honeyeaters found that the <a href="/wiki/Spectacled_longbill" title="Spectacled longbill">spectacled longbill</a> was more closely related to the berrypeckers than the two longbills in the genus <i>Toxorhamphus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also some morphological differences in the shape of the <a href="/wiki/Metatarsus" class="mw-redirect" title="Metatarsus">tarsus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two species in <i>Oedistoma</i>, however, may not be closely related and more research is needed.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Spotted_berrypecker" title="Spotted berrypecker">spotted berrypecker</a> is placed in its own genus <i>Rhamphocharis</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while some treatments lump it with the <i>Melanocharis</i> berrypeckers it is anatomically and behaviourally distinct.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is some confusion with the common names, as there are two other berrypecker species in the tiny family <a href="/wiki/Painted_berrypecker" title="Painted berrypecker">Paramythiidae</a>, once considered to be close to the flowerpeckers as well; members of several African genera—notably species in the <a href="/wiki/Old_World_warbler" title="Old World warbler">Old World warbler</a> genus <i><a href="/wiki/Macrosphenus" title="Macrosphenus">Macrosphenus</a></i>—are also known as longbills. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melanocharitidae&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The berrypeckers and longbills are small to very small songbirds. They range in length from 15 cm (5.9 in) in the case of the <a href="/wiki/Fan-tailed_berrypecker" title="Fan-tailed berrypecker">fan-tailed berrypecker</a> to 7.3 cm (2.9 in) in the case of the <a href="/wiki/Pygmy_longbill" title="Pygmy longbill">pygmy longbill</a>, which is the smallest bird in New Guinea. The berrypeckers (<i>Melanocharis</i>) are usually bigger than the <i>Toxorhamphus</i> and <i>Oedistoma</i> longbills.<sup id="cite_ref-Kikkawa_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kikkawa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The females of two species, the fan-tailed and <a href="/wiki/Streaked_berrypecker" title="Streaked berrypecker">streaked berrypecker</a>, are unique amongst songbirds in that they exhibit a reversal in the usual pattern of <a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">sexual dimorphism</a>, with the females being both longer and heavier.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, in the fan-tailed berrypecker the male weighs 12 to 15 g (0.42–0.53 oz), whereas the female weighs 16 to 20 g (0.56–0.71 oz).<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They have drab-coloured <a href="/wiki/Plumage" title="Plumage">plumage</a> in greys, browns or black and white.<sup id="cite_ref-BOTW_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOTW-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The berrypeckers exhibit some <a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">sexual dimorphism</a> in their plumage. The berrypeckers resemble stout short-billed <a href="/wiki/Honeyeater" title="Honeyeater">honeyeaters</a>, and the longbills are like drab <a href="/wiki/Sunbird" title="Sunbird">sunbirds</a><sup id="cite_ref-BOTW_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOTW-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or short-tailed honeyeaters.<sup id="cite_ref-Kikkawa_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kikkawa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Bird_vocalization" title="Bird vocalization">calls</a> of the berrypeckers have been described as high pitched and faint, and the song rapid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melanocharitidae&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Distribution and habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The berrypeckers are generally montane species, with only one, the <a href="/wiki/Black_berrypecker" title="Black berrypecker">black berrypecker</a>, being found in lowland forest.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast the longbills live in lowland forests and low montane forests as well as on small islands around New Guinea.<sup id="cite_ref-BOTW_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOTW-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amongst the berrypeckers there is a succession of species at different altitudes, with the black berrypecker being found in the lowlands, the mid-mountain berrypecker being found at lower altitudes (mid-montane) and the fan-tailed berrypecker being found near the treeline.<sup id="cite_ref-BOTW_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOTW-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behaviour">Behaviour</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melanocharitidae&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Behaviour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Melanocharitidae species are usually seen alone or in pairs.<sup id="cite_ref-BOTW_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOTW-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They may associate with <a href="/wiki/Mixed-species_feeding_flock" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed-species feeding flock">mixed-species feeding flocks</a>, but are loose members and not core species.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The diet of the family is dominated by berries and small fruits. <a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">Arthropods</a> are also <a href="/wiki/Gleaning_(birds)" title="Gleaning (birds)">gleaned</a> from foliage, and more rarely by hovering and snatching. They are highly active feeders, seldom pausing except when at berries. Most species feed in the lower and middle levels of the forest, although records suggest that the obscure berrypecker will enter the canopy to forage. The male black berrypecker will also enter the canopy, while the female will remain lower down in the forest, suggesting some level of sexual segregation of feeding niches.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The breeding of some species is entirely undescribed, and little is known about the breeding in most species. Records of nests have been made in both wet and dry seasons.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They build a cup nest,<sup id="cite_ref-Kikkawa_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kikkawa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BOTW_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOTW-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> usually on a forked branch near the edge of a tree, out of <a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">fern</a> scales and plant fibres bound neatly with insect or spider silk and ornamented with <a href="/wiki/Lichen" title="Lichen">lichens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kikkawa_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kikkawa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Little is known about the division of labour in the family, although the pattern exhibited by the <a href="/wiki/Black_berrypecker" title="Black berrypecker">black berrypecker</a>, where the female constructs the nest alone but both sexes feed the young, may be typical of the family.<sup id="cite_ref-HBW_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HBW-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They lay one or two eggs.<sup id="cite_ref-BOTW_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOTW-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Status">Status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melanocharitidae&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The berrypeckers and longbills are not considered to be threatened by human activities. No species is listed as <a href="/wiki/Threatened" class="mw-redirect" title="Threatened">threatened</a> by the <a href="/wiki/IUCN" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN">IUCN</a>, although one species, the <a href="/wiki/Obscure_berrypecker" title="Obscure berrypecker">obscure berrypecker</a>, is listed as <a href="/wiki/Data_deficient" title="Data deficient">data deficient</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That species is known officially from two collected specimens, but unconfirmed reports suggest that it is not uncommon in remote parts of New Guinea.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Species">Species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melanocharitidae&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Melanocharis" title="Melanocharis">Melanocharis</a></i>, <small><a href="/wiki/Philip_Sclater" title="Philip Sclater">Sclater</a>, 1858</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Obscure_berrypecker" title="Obscure berrypecker">Obscure berrypecker</a>, <i>Melanocharis arfakiana </i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_berrypecker" title="Black berrypecker">Black berrypecker</a>, <i>Melanocharis nigra</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-mountain_berrypecker" title="Mid-mountain berrypecker">Mid-mountain berrypecker</a>, <i>Melanocharis longicauda </i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan-tailed_berrypecker" title="Fan-tailed berrypecker">Fan-tailed berrypecker</a>, <i>Melanocharis versteri </i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaked_berrypecker" title="Streaked berrypecker">Streaked berrypecker</a>, <i>Melanocharis striativentris</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhamphocharis" title="Rhamphocharis">Rhamphocharis</a></i>, <small><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Salvadori" title="Tommaso Salvadori">Salvadori</a>, 1876</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thick-billed_berrypecker" title="Thick-billed berrypecker">Thick-billed berrypecker</a>, <i>Rhamphocharis crassirostris</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_berrypecker" title="Spotted berrypecker">Spotted berrypecker</a>, <i>Rhamphocharis piperata</i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Toxorhamphus" title="Toxorhamphus">Toxorhamphus</a></i>, <small><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Stresemann" title="Erwin Stresemann">Stresemann</a>, 1914</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-bellied_longbill" title="Yellow-bellied longbill">Yellow-bellied longbill</a>, <i>Toxorhamphus novaeguineae</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slaty-headed_longbill" title="Slaty-headed longbill">Slaty-headed longbill</a>, <i>Toxorhamphus poliopterus</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oedistoma" title="Oedistoma">Oedistoma</a></i>, <small><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Salvadori" title="Tommaso Salvadori">Salvadori</a>, 1876</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spectacled_longbill" title="Spectacled longbill">Spectacled longbill</a>, <i>Oedistoma iliolophus</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_longbill" title="Pygmy longbill">Pygmy longbill</a>, <i>Oedistoma pygmaeum</i></li></ul></li></ul> <p>The pygmy and spectacled longbills are sometimes included in the genus <i>Toxorhamphus</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melanocharitidae&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HBW-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBW_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGregory2008" class="citation book cs1">Gregory, Phil (2008). "Family Melanocharitidae (Berrypeckers and Longbills)". In del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Christie, David (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Handbook_of_the_Birds_of_the_World" title="Handbook of the Birds of the World">Handbook of the Birds of the World</a>. Volume 13, Penduline-tits to Shrikes</i>. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. <span class="nowrap">322–</span>338. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-96553-45-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-96553-45-3"><bdi>978-84-96553-45-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Family+Melanocharitidae+%28Berrypeckers+and+Longbills%29&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+Birds+of+the+World.+Volume+13%2C+Penduline-tits+to+Shrikes&rft.place=Barcelona&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E322-%3C%2Fspan%3E338&rft.pub=Lynx+Edicions&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-84-96553-45-3&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=Phil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelanocharitidae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristidisSchodde,_RRobinson,_NA1993" class="citation journal cs1">Christidis, L; Schodde, R; Robinson, NA (1993). "Affinities of the Aberrant Australo-Papuan Honeyeaters, <i>Toxorhamphus</i>, <i>Oedistoma</i>, <i>Timeliopsis</i> and <i>Epthianura</i> - Protein Evidence". <i>Australian Journal of Zoology</i>. <b>41</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">423–</span>432. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1071%2FZO9930423">10.1071/ZO9930423</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Zoology&rft.atitle=Affinities+of+the+Aberrant+Australo-Papuan+Honeyeaters%2C+Toxorhamphus%2C+Oedistoma%2C+Timeliopsis+and+Epthianura+-+Protein+Evidence&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E423-%3C%2Fspan%3E432&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1071%2FZO9930423&rft.aulast=Christidis&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Schodde%2C+R&rft.au=Robinson%2C+NA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelanocharitidae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoles2005" class="citation journal cs1">Boles, Walter (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.create.unsw.edu.au/research/files/Boles%20(2005)%20Fossil%20honeyeaters%20(Meliphagidae)%20from%20the%20Late.pdf">"Fossil honeyeaters (Meliphagidae) from the late Tertiary of Riversleigh, north-western Queensland"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Emu</i>. <b>105</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">21–</span>26. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005EmuAO.105...21B">2005EmuAO.105...21B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1071%2FMU03024">10.1071/MU03024</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:82659390">82659390</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emu&rft.atitle=Fossil+honeyeaters+%28Meliphagidae%29+from+the+late+Tertiary+of+Riversleigh%2C+north-western+Queensland&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E21-%3C%2Fspan%3E26&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A82659390%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1071%2FMU03024&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005EmuAO.105...21B&rft.aulast=Boles&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.create.unsw.edu.au%2Fresearch%2Ffiles%2FBoles%2520%282005%29%2520Fossil%2520honeyeaters%2520%28Meliphagidae%29%2520from%2520the%2520Late.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelanocharitidae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalomonsen1960" class="citation journal cs1">Salomonsen, F (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/3545/1/N1990.pdf">"Notes on flowerpeckers (Aves, Dicaeidae). 1, The genera <i>Melanocharis</i>, <i>Rhamphocharis</i>, and <i>Prionochilus</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>American Museum Novitates</i> (1990): 28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Museum+Novitates&rft.atitle=Notes+on+flowerpeckers+%28Aves%2C+Dicaeidae%29.+1%2C+The+genera+Melanocharis%2C+Rhamphocharis%2C+and+Prionochilus&rft.issue=1990&rft.pages=28&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Salomonsen&rft.aufirst=F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitallibrary.amnh.org%2Fdspace%2Fbitstream%2F2246%2F3545%2F1%2FN1990.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelanocharitidae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kikkawa-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kikkawa_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kikkawa_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kikkawa_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kikkawa_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKikkawa2003" class="citation book cs1">Kikkawa, Jiro (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fireflyencyclope0000unse/page/584">"Flowerpeckers"</a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Perrins" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher Perrins">Christopher Perrins</a> (ed.). <i>Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds</i>. Firefly Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fireflyencyclope0000unse/page/584">584–585</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55297-777-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-55297-777-3"><bdi>1-55297-777-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Flowerpeckers&rft.btitle=Firefly+Encyclopedia+of+Birds&rft.pages=584-585&rft.pub=Firefly+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-55297-777-3&rft.aulast=Kikkawa&rft.aufirst=Jiro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffireflyencyclope0000unse%2Fpage%2F584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelanocharitidae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmadon1959" class="citation journal cs1">Amadon, Dean (1959). "The Significance of Sexual Differences in Size among Birds". <i>Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society</i>. <b>103</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">531–</span>536. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/985554">985554</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+American+Philosophical+Society&rft.atitle=The+Significance+of+Sexual+Differences+in+Size+among+Birds&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E531-%3C%2Fspan%3E536&rft.date=1959&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F985554%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Amadon&rft.aufirst=Dean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelanocharitidae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BOTW-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BOTW_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BOTW_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BOTW_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BOTW_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BOTW_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BOTW_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BOTW_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinkler" class="citation web cs1">Winkler, David W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070613054016/http://www.eeb.cornell.edu/winkler/botw/melanocharitidae.html">"Melanocharitidae"</a>. <i>Bird Families of the World</i>. Cornell University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eeb.cornell.edu/winkler/botw/melanocharitidae.html">the original</a> on June 13, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-03-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bird+Families+of+the+World&rft.atitle=Melanocharitidae&rft.aulast=Winkler&rft.aufirst=David+W&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eeb.cornell.edu%2Fwinkler%2Fbotw%2Fmelanocharitidae.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelanocharitidae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beehler, B., Pratt, T. & Zimmerman, D. (1986) <i>Birds of New Guinea</i> Princeton University Press:Princeton, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-02394-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-02394-8">0-691-02394-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BirdLife International (2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=8354&m=0">Species factsheet: <i>Melanocharis arfakiana</i></a>. Downloaded on 3/7/200</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gregory, P. & Webster, R. (2004) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fieldguides.com/2004weblists/png04LIST.pdf#search=%22berrypecker%20Gregory%20obscure%22">Papua New Guinea 2004</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928161938/http://www.fieldguides.com/2004weblists/png04LIST.pdf#search=%22berrypecker%20Gregory%20obscure%22">Archived</a> 2007-09-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Field Guide Triplist. Downloaded on 11/9/2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/updates/species-updates/">"Species Updates – IOC World Bird List"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Species+Updates+%E2%80%93+IOC+World+Bird+List&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbirdnames.org%2Fnew%2Fupdates%2Fspecies-updates%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelanocharitidae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melanocharitidae&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ibc.lynxeds.com/family/berrypeckers-longbills-melanocharitidae">Melanocharitidae at The Internet Bird Collection.</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Melanocharitidae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654728" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q654728">Q654728</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Melanocharitidae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Melanocharitidae">Melanocharitidae</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bench.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=118896">118896</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/CJS">CJS</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/7538">7538</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5252">5252</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/12146">12146</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=106847">106847</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=557358">557358</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=175122">175122</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=176450">176450</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Melanocharitidae&oldid=1268676835">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Melanocharitidae&oldid=1268676835</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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