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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Largehead hairtail</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haarstert" title="Haarstert – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Haarstert" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-t%C3%B2a-h%C3%AE" title="Pe̍h-tòa-hî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pe̍h-tòa-hî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabrenn_(pesk)" title="Sabrenn (pesk) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sabrenn (pesk)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabre_cuaf%C3%AD" title="Sabre cuafí – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sabre cuafí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichiurus_lepturus" title="Trichiurus lepturus – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Trichiurus lepturus" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tkani%C4%8Dnice_atlantsk%C3%A1" title="Tkaničnice atlantská – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tkaničnice atlantská" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichiurus_lepturus" title="Trichiurus lepturus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Trichiurus lepturus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sable-arrain_isatsgabe" title="Sable-arrain isatsgabe – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sable-arrain isatsgabe" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%DB%8C_%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ماهی یال‌اسبی ژاپنی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماهی یال‌اسبی ژاپنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson-sabre_commun" title="Poisson-sabre commun – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Poisson-sabre commun" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peixe_sabre" title="Peixe sabre – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Peixe sabre" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0-tai-%C7%B9g" title="Pà-tai-ǹg – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pà-tai-ǹg" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%88%EC%B9%98" title="갈치 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="갈치" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layur" title="Layur – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Layur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%A1%C3%B0bendill" title="Þráðbendill – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þráðbendill" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichiurus_lepturus" title="Trichiurus lepturus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Trichiurus lepturus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layur" title="Layur – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Layur" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichiurus_lepturus" title="Trichiurus lepturus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Trichiurus lepturus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timah_selayur" title="Timah selayur – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Timah selayur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haarstaartdegenvis" title="Haarstaartdegenvis – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Haarstaartdegenvis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%81%E3%82%A6%E3%82%AA" title="タチウオ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タチウオ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A5dstjert" title="Trådstjert – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Trådstjert" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichiurus_lepturus" title="Trichiurus lepturus – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Trichiurus lepturus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0-%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Обыкновенная рыба-сабля – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Обыкновенная рыба-сабля" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layur" title="Layur – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Layur" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huotrakala" title="Huotrakala – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Huotrakala" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5rstj%C3%A4rt" title="Hårstjärt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hårstjärt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichiurus_lepturus" title="Trichiurus lepturus – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Trichiurus lepturus" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88" title="கார்த்திகை வாளை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கார்த்திகை வாளை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%8D%E0%B9%88" title="ปลาดาบเงินใหญ่ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปลาดาบเงินใหญ่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%A8%DB%90%D9%84%D9%89%D9%82" title="تاسما بېلىق – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تاسما بېلىق" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1_h%E1%BB%91" title="Cá hố – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cá hố" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pexhon-cingue" title="Pexhon-cingue – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Pexhon-cingue" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langkuy" title="Langkuy – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Langkuy" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%B8%B6%E9%AD%9A" title="白帶魚 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="白帶魚" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%B8%B6%E9%AD%9A" title="白帶魚 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="白帶魚" data-language-autonym="中文" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of fish</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Largehead hairtail </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Trichiurus_lepturus_by_OpenCage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Trichiurus_lepturus_by_OpenCage.jpg/220px-Trichiurus_lepturus_by_OpenCage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Trichiurus_lepturus_by_OpenCage.jpg/330px-Trichiurus_lepturus_by_OpenCage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Trichiurus_lepturus_by_OpenCage.jpg/440px-Trichiurus_lepturus_by_OpenCage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Trichiurus_lepturus_at_Cox%27s_Bazar_beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Trichiurus_lepturus_at_Cox%27s_Bazar_beach.jpg/220px-Trichiurus_lepturus_at_Cox%27s_Bazar_beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Trichiurus_lepturus_at_Cox%27s_Bazar_beach.jpg/330px-Trichiurus_lepturus_at_Cox%27s_Bazar_beach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Trichiurus_lepturus_at_Cox%27s_Bazar_beach.jpg/440px-Trichiurus_lepturus_at_Cox%27s_Bazar_beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3706" data-file-height="1767" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Trichiurus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Actinopterygii" title="Actinopterygii">Actinopterygii</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scombriformes" title="Scombriformes">Scombriformes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cutlassfish" title="Cutlassfish">Trichiuridae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trichiurus" title="Trichiurus"><i>Trichiurus</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>T. lepturus</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Trichiurus lepturus</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae" title="10th edition of Systema Naturae">1758</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i>Trichiurus coxii</i> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Pierson_Ramsay" title="Edward Pierson Ramsay">Ramsay</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Douglas_Ogilby" title="James Douglas Ogilby">Ogilby</a>, 1887</span></li> <li><i>Clupea haumela</i> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Forssk%C3%A5l" title="Peter Forsskål">Forsskål</a></span>, 1775</li> <li><i>Trichiurus haumela</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Forsskal, 1775</span></li> <li><i>Trichiurus japonicus</i> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Coenraad_Jacob_Temminck" title="Coenraad Jacob Temminck">Temminck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Schlegel" title="Hermann Schlegel">Schlegel</a>, 1844</span></li> <li><i>Trichiurus nitens</i> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Garman" title="Samuel Garman">Garman</a>, 1899</span></li> <li><i>Trichiurus argenteus</i> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/George_Shaw_(biologist)" title="George Shaw (biologist)">Shaw</a>, 1803</span></li> <li><i>Trichiurus lajor</i> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Pieter_Bleeker" title="Pieter Bleeker">Bleeker</a>, 1854</span></li> <li><i>Trichiurus malabaricus</i> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Day" title="Francis Day">Day</a>, 1865</span></li> <li><i>Trichiurus coxii</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Ramsay & Ogilby, 1887</span></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>largehead hairtail</b> (<i><b>Trichiurus lepturus</b></i>) or <b>beltfish</b> is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Cutlassfish" title="Cutlassfish">cutlassfish</a> family, Trichiuridae. This common to abundant species is found in tropical and temperate oceans throughout the world.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fishbase_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fishbase-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">taxonomy</a> is not fully resolved, and the Atlantic, East Pacific and Northwest Pacific populations are also known as <b>Atlantic cutlassfish</b>, <b>Pacific cutlassfish</b> and <b>Japanese cutlassfish</b>, respectively. This predatory, elongated fish <a href="/wiki/List_of_commercially_important_fish_species" title="List of commercially important fish species">supports major fisheries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appearance">Appearance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Largehead_hairtail&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Appearance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Largehead hairtails are silvery steel blue in color, turning silvery gray after death.<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fins are generally semi-transparent and may have a yellowish tinge.<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Largehead hairtails are elongated in shape with a thin pointed tail (they lack a fish tail in the usual form). The eyes are large, and the large mouth contains long pointed fang-like teeth.<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Largehead hairtails grow to 6 kg (13 lb) in weight,<sup id="cite_ref-Prokop2006_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prokop2006-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 2.34 m (7 ft 8 in) in length.<sup id="cite_ref-fishbase_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fishbase-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most are only 0.5–1 m (1 ft 8 in – 3 ft 3 in) long,<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although they regularly reach 1.5–1.8 m (4 ft 11 in – 5 ft 11 in) in Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-Prokop2006_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prokop2006-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Range_and_habitat">Range and habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Largehead_hairtail&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Range and habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Largehead hairtails are found worldwide in tropical and temperate oceans.<sup id="cite_ref-fishbase_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fishbase-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the East Atlantic they range from southern United Kingdom to South Africa, including the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Muus1999_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muus1999-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the West Atlantic it ranges from <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> (occasionally <a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod" title="Cape Cod">Cape Cod</a>) to northern Argentina, including the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the East Pacific they range from southern <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> to Peru.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Widespread in the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific" title="Indo-Pacific">Indo-Pacific</a> region, ranging from the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a> to South Africa, Japan, the entire coast of Australia (except <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>, they are absent from the central Pacific Ocean, including <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FAO_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hutchins1996_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hutchins1996-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some populations are <a href="/wiki/Fish_migration" title="Fish migration">migratory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A study of largehead hairtails in southern Japan's <a href="/wiki/Bungo_Channel" title="Bungo Channel">Bungo Channel</a> indicated that the optimum water temperature is 20–24 °C (68–75 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-Kao2015_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kao2015-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on fishing catches in the <a href="/wiki/Jeju_Strait" title="Jeju Strait">Jeju Strait</a> of South Korea, the species resides mainly in water warmer than 14 °C (57 °F), while catches are poor in colder water.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Off southern Brazil it mainly occurs in waters warmer than 16 °C (61 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-Martins1997_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martins1997-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is absent from waters below 10 °C (50 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largehead hairtail prefers relatively shallow coastal regions over muddy bottoms,<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it sometimes enters <a href="/wiki/Estuaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Estuaries">estuaries</a> and has been recorded at depths of 0 to 589 m (0–1,932 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-fishbase_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fishbase-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In European waters, most records are from 100 to 350 m (330–1,150 ft),<sup id="cite_ref-Muus1999_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muus1999-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Off southern Brazil hairtails are most abundant between 40 and 120 m (130–390 ft),<sup id="cite_ref-Martins1997_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martins1997-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they have been recorded between 55 and 385 m (180–1,263 ft) in the East Pacific,<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in southern Japan's Bungo Channel they are primarily known from 60 to 280 m (200–920 ft) but most common between 70 and 160 m (230–520 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-Kao2015_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kao2015-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are mainly <a href="/wiki/Benthopelagic" class="mw-redirect" title="Benthopelagic">benthopelagic</a>, but may appear at the surface during the night.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Largehead_hairtail&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trichiurus_lepturus_Pakistan_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Trichiurus_lepturus_Pakistan_1.png/250px-Trichiurus_lepturus_Pakistan_1.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Trichiurus_lepturus_Pakistan_1.png/375px-Trichiurus_lepturus_Pakistan_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Trichiurus_lepturus_Pakistan_1.png/500px-Trichiurus_lepturus_Pakistan_1.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="113" /></a><figcaption>Largehead hairtail, about 65 cm (26 in) long, caught off Pakistan</figcaption></figure> <p>Although often considered a single highly widespread species,<sup id="cite_ref-fishbase_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fishbase-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it has been argued that it is a <a href="/wiki/Species_complex" title="Species complex">species complex</a> that includes several species with the main groups being in the Atlantic (Atlantic cutlassfish), East Pacific (Pacific cutlassfish), Northwest Pacific (Japanese cutlassfish) and Indo-Pacific. If <a href="/wiki/Lumpers_and_splitters" title="Lumpers and splitters">split</a>, the Atlantic would retain the scientific name <i>T. lepturus</i>, as the <a href="/wiki/Type_locality_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Type locality (biology)">type locality</a> is off <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>. The Northwest Pacific (<a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Japan" title="Sea of Japan">Sea of Japan</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China Sea</a>) differs in <a href="/wiki/Morphometric" class="mw-redirect" title="Morphometric">morphometrics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meristics" title="Meristics">meristics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetics</a>, and is sometimes recognized as <i>T. japonicus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chakraborty_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chakraborty-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tzeng_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tzeng-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Morphometric and meristic differences have also been shown in the population of the East Pacific (California to Peru), leading some to recognize it as <i>T. nitens</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neither <i>T. japonicus</i> nor <i>T. nitens</i> are recognized as separate species by <a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a> where considered <a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">synonyms</a> of <i>T. lepturus</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-fishbase_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fishbase-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but they are recognized as separate species by the <a href="/wiki/Catalog_of_Fishes" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalog of Fishes">Catalog of Fishes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/IUCN" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN">IUCN</a> recognizes the East Atlantic population as a distinct, currently <a href="/wiki/Undescribed_taxon" title="Undescribed taxon">undescribed species</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is based on genetic evidence showing a <a href="/wiki/Genetic_divergence" title="Genetic divergence">divergence</a> between West and East Atlantic populations.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this would require that <i>T. japonicus</i>, <i>T. nitens</i> and the Indo-Pacific populations also are recognized as separate species, effectively limiting <i>T. lepturus</i> to the West Atlantic (contrary to IUCN<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), as they all show a greater divergence.<sup id="cite_ref-Hsu_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hsu-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additional studies are required on the possible separation and <a href="/wiki/Nomenclature" title="Nomenclature">nomenclature</a> of the Indo-Pacific populations. Based on studies of <a href="/wiki/MtDNA" class="mw-redirect" title="MtDNA">mtDNA</a>, which however lacked any samples from the southern parts of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, there are three species in the Indo-Pacific: <i>T. japonicus</i> (marginal in the region, see range above), <i>T. lepturus</i> (West Pacific and Eastern Indian Ocean; the species also found in the Atlantic) and the final preliminarily referred to as <i>Trichiurus</i> sp. 2 (Indian Ocean, and East and <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Seas</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Hsu_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hsu-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Firawati2017_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Firawati2017-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is likely that <i>Trichiurus</i> sp. 2 equals <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trichiurus_nanhaiensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trichiurus nanhaiensis (page does not exist)">T. nanhaiensis</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The names <i>T. coxii</i> and <i>T. haumela</i> have been used for the populations off Australia and in the Indo-Pacific, respectively, but firm evidence supporting their validity as species is lacking.<sup id="cite_ref-Tzeng_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tzeng-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hsu_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hsu-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behavior_and_life_cycle">Behavior and life cycle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Largehead_hairtail&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Behavior and life cycle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Largehead_hairtail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Largehead_hairtail.jpg/220px-Largehead_hairtail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Largehead_hairtail.jpg/330px-Largehead_hairtail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Largehead_hairtail.jpg/440px-Largehead_hairtail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Head showing the long and pointed teeth of this predatory fish</figcaption></figure> <p>Juveniles participate in the <a href="/wiki/Diel_vertical_migration" title="Diel vertical migration">diel vertical migration</a>, rising to feed on <a href="/wiki/Krill" title="Krill">krill</a> and small fish during the night and returning to the sea bed in the day. This movement pattern is reversed by large adults, which mainly feed on fish.<sup id="cite_ref-fishbase_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fishbase-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FAO_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other known prey items include <a href="/wiki/Squid" title="Squid">squid</a> and shrimp, and the highly carnivorous adults regularly <a href="/wiki/Cannibalism_(zoology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannibalism (zoology)">cannibalise</a> younger individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Largehead hairtails are often found in large, dense <a href="/wiki/Shoaling_and_schooling" title="Shoaling and schooling">schools</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hutchins1996_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hutchins1996-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rajesh2014_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rajesh2014-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spawning depends on temperature as the <a href="/wiki/Ichthyoplankton" title="Ichthyoplankton">larvae</a> prefer water warmer than 21 °C (70 °F) and are entirely absent at less than 16 °C (61 °F). Consequently, spawning is year-round in tropical regions, but generally in the spring and summer in colder regions.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through a spawning season each female lays many thousand pelagic eggs that hatch after three to six days.<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Sea of Japan most individuals reach maturity when two years old, but some already after one year.<sup id="cite_ref-FAO_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oldest recorded age is 15 years.<sup id="cite_ref-fishbase_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fishbase-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fisheries_and_usage">Fisheries and usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Largehead_hairtail&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fisheries and usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Largehead_hairtail,_capture_production,_million_tonnes,_1950-2022.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Largehead_hairtail%2C_capture_production%2C_million_tonnes%2C_1950-2022.svg/220px-Largehead_hairtail%2C_capture_production%2C_million_tonnes%2C_1950-2022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Largehead_hairtail%2C_capture_production%2C_million_tonnes%2C_1950-2022.svg/330px-Largehead_hairtail%2C_capture_production%2C_million_tonnes%2C_1950-2022.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Largehead_hairtail%2C_capture_production%2C_million_tonnes%2C_1950-2022.svg/440px-Largehead_hairtail%2C_capture_production%2C_million_tonnes%2C_1950-2022.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>Global capture production of Largehead hairtail (<i>Trichiurus lepturus</i>) in million tonnes from 1950 to 2022, as reported by the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">FAO</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure><p> Largehead hairtail is a major commercial species. With reported landings of more than 1.3 million tonnes in 2009, it was the sixth <a href="/wiki/List_of_commercially_important_fish_species" title="List of commercially important fish species">most important captured fish species</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FAO2009_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO2009-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The species is caught throughout much of its range, typically by <a href="/wiki/Bottom_trawl" class="mw-redirect" title="Bottom trawl">bottom trawls</a> or <a href="/wiki/Beach_seine" class="mw-redirect" title="Beach seine">beach seines</a>, but also using a wide range of other methods.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, by far the largest catches (1.2 million tonnes) were reported by China and Taiwan from the Northwest Pacific (<a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a> Fishing Area 61). The next largest catches were reported from South Korea, Japan, and Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-FAO2009_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO2009-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the numerous other countries where regularly caught include Angola, Nigeria, Senegal, Mauritania, Morocco, Brazil, Trinidad, Colombia, Mexico, southeastern United States, Iran,<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> India,<sup id="cite_ref-Rajesh2014_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rajesh2014-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-Prokop2006_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prokop2006-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dried_Trichiurus_lepturus_at_Cox%27s_Bazar_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Dried_Trichiurus_lepturus_at_Cox%27s_Bazar_2.jpg/220px-Dried_Trichiurus_lepturus_at_Cox%27s_Bazar_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Dried_Trichiurus_lepturus_at_Cox%27s_Bazar_2.jpg/330px-Dried_Trichiurus_lepturus_at_Cox%27s_Bazar_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Dried_Trichiurus_lepturus_at_Cox%27s_Bazar_2.jpg/440px-Dried_Trichiurus_lepturus_at_Cox%27s_Bazar_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Largehead hairtail being dried for preservation at <a href="/wiki/Cox%27s_Bazar,_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh">Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh</a>.</figcaption></figure><p>In Korea, the largehead hairtail is called <i>galchi</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">갈치</span></span>), in which <i>gal</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">갈</span></span>) came from <a href="/wiki/Middle_Korean" title="Middle Korean">Middle Korean</a> <i>galh</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">갏</span></span>) meaning "sword" and <i>-chi</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">치</span></span>) is a suffix for "fish".<sup id="cite_ref-SKLD_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SKLD-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SKLD2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SKLD2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is popular for frying or grilling. In Japan, where it is known as <i>tachiuo</i> ("<span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%88%80" class="extiw" title="wikt:太刀">太刀</a></span></span></span> (tachi)": sword, "<span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%AD%9A" class="extiw" title="wikt:魚">魚</a></span></span></span> (uo)":fish), they are fished for food and eaten grilled or raw, as <a href="/wiki/Sashimi" title="Sashimi">sashimi</a>. They are also called "sword-fish" in Portugal and Brazil (<i>peixe-espada</i>), where they are eaten grilled or fried. Its flesh is firm yet tender when cooked, with a moderate level of "fishiness" to the smell and a low level of oiliness. The largehead hairtail is also notable for being fairly easy to debone.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trichiurus_lepturus_FishMarketInTokyo.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Largehead hairtails at a fish market in Tokyo"><img alt="Largehead hairtails at a fish market in Tokyo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Trichiurus_lepturus_FishMarketInTokyo.JPG/220px-Trichiurus_lepturus_FishMarketInTokyo.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Trichiurus_lepturus_FishMarketInTokyo.JPG/330px-Trichiurus_lepturus_FishMarketInTokyo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Trichiurus_lepturus_FishMarketInTokyo.JPG/440px-Trichiurus_lepturus_FishMarketInTokyo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="975" data-file-height="484" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Largehead hairtails at a fish market in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Galchi-gui.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Galchi-gui (grilled largehead hairtail)"><img alt="Galchi-gui (grilled largehead hairtail)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Galchi-gui.jpg/180px-Galchi-gui.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Galchi-gui.jpg/270px-Galchi-gui.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Galchi-gui.jpg/360px-Galchi-gui.jpg 2x" data-file-width="755" data-file-height="503" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Galchi-<a href="/wiki/Gui_(food)" title="Gui (food)">gui</a></i> (grilled largehead hairtail)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Galchi-hoe.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Galchi-hoe (raw largehead hairtail)"><img alt="Galchi-hoe (raw largehead hairtail)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Galchi-hoe.jpg/180px-Galchi-hoe.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Galchi-hoe.jpg/270px-Galchi-hoe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Galchi-hoe.jpg/360px-Galchi-hoe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="755" data-file-height="503" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Galchi-<a href="/wiki/Hoe_(food)" title="Hoe (food)">hoe</a></i> (raw largehead hairtail)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Galchi-jorim.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Galchi-jorim (simmered largehead hairtail)"><img alt="Galchi-jorim (simmered largehead hairtail)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Galchi-jorim.jpg/180px-Galchi-jorim.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Galchi-jorim.jpg/270px-Galchi-jorim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Galchi-jorim.jpg/360px-Galchi-jorim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Galchi-<a href="/wiki/Jorim" title="Jorim">jorim</a></i> (simmered largehead hairtail)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Keripik_Ikan_Beledang_-_IMG_20220211_133740_620.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kripik Beledang (battered and deep-fried hairtail) from Bengkulu, Indonesia"><img alt="Kripik Beledang (battered and deep-fried hairtail) from Bengkulu, Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Keripik_Ikan_Beledang_-_IMG_20220211_133740_620.jpg/160px-Keripik_Ikan_Beledang_-_IMG_20220211_133740_620.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Keripik_Ikan_Beledang_-_IMG_20220211_133740_620.jpg/240px-Keripik_Ikan_Beledang_-_IMG_20220211_133740_620.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Keripik_Ikan_Beledang_-_IMG_20220211_133740_620.jpg/320px-Keripik_Ikan_Beledang_-_IMG_20220211_133740_620.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Kripik" title="Kripik">Kripik</a> Beledang</i> (battered and deep-fried hairtail) from <a href="/wiki/Bengkulu" title="Bengkulu">Bengkulu</a>, Indonesia</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Largehead_hairtail&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a 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.cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCollette,_B.B.Pina_Amargos,_F.Smith-Vaniz,_W.F.Russell,_B.2015" class="citation journal cs1">Collette, B.B.; Pina Amargos, F.; Smith-Vaniz, W.F.; et al. 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers3638" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers3638" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Trichiurus lepturus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139971" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q1139971">Q1139971</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Trichiurus_lepturus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Trichiurus lepturus">Trichiurus lepturus</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Faunal_Directory" title="Australian Faunal Directory">AFD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Trichiurus_lepturus">Trichiurus_lepturus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bench.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=11590">11590</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/589FX">589FX</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fishbase.ca/summary/1288">1288</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2389407">2389407</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/51404">51404</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10853712">10853712</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=172385">172385</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/190090">190090</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.101151/">2.101151</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NBNSYS0000187956">NBNSYS0000187956</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=13733">13733</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/790248/">790248</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Biodiversity_Information_System" title="Ocean Biodiversity Information System">OBIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obis.org/taxon/127089">127089</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=143398">143398</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=366082">366082</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plazi" title="Plazi">Plazi</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E3AF91C2-40FC-87CA-8DE7-49649F4D468C">E3AF91C2-40FC-87CA-8DE7-49649F4D468C</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=127089">127089</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ZooBank" title="ZooBank">ZooBank</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/BDEA5492-5B28-4C2A-9239-EF5420962BFC">BDEA5492-5B28-4C2A-9239-EF5420962BFC</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" 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