CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '917bab05e81955ec',cH: 'W_6qrt6Eq4wwklqGVX2dnMptrdC.x7W3oOmCF4AxbHg-1740528164-1.2.1.1-AjmViYSaAamnnmFGwIk542Vn525k2HCuhtVtA256VXykxm6UHn9gG3SMnBzU7aG4',cUPMDTk: "\/9999499\/endnote?__cf_chl_tk=Kqjh6yI2COabaZLi_ZuxbuEs7aBRxmSSkHvuLSQ2AlU-1740528164-1.0.1.1-grJSeWPruf0I1MmQuRd8vhW2rQAHIyyhPopkiNze2zc",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740528164',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/9999499\/endnote?__cf_chl_f_tk=Kqjh6yI2COabaZLi_ZuxbuEs7aBRxmSSkHvuLSQ2AlU-1740528164-1.0.1.1-grJSeWPruf0I1MmQuRd8vhW2rQAHIyyhPopkiNze2zc",md: "I9ydyMDSt1jhBP38kPZCoGDQ5vhX9leYMt.kw4_v_Vo-1740528164-1.2.1.1-co9_BSKKFa_FGV1EZrOvRKReMDArAcsD6j.9uT0ail_Jgs2WWeeq3qd_iNMvrDEnyDZCpqycgObiMtT.YLzfemCrs8msZp_yBPDblYSdMqCNyevVAqI12V7QWMriIPAVgMRsDMxpWguGzj9aVUOoYtU3.GJlOtxAHaKT2jYApg1T.BJC333CaTZdghmXD1enMnDeNxmZiEYLTSmWMwmpr7ZVTzB8IPj_lt3G7D8d_.T6WKoCjKG.uv3WkOOpg7_NtQZxlYgDrMs8zn3j4yiI8EzMzwoNmgML8JkuNtWkpguNuTbPU.F0bA389EOIFn74nQXrbhaw6bakKI1NgCIsgPcezya5_2ynkMTgT9AQITIVifZMIwIvBsP9wInxqEGN1ZN7gZu7jtWJrWVSE9XhQRF.SPEc011Ha4vJPHeViVkCS2SFaaspAQPhcxkooXP0uTH1OSo.EkaXrwvokntwsIWobsvAxcfrx_.DEakkqBDHnqjbMv3Ed_8pVz9iH_1YuZ.1lucEI_vYwLXyw8oLnbe7fIG4CCdv8n2ROIbFeSf29Oa26DJFuPLzihuElZiwy0awjawHTPMDfhdEzbCWD2uBFcqoGg8NqtER6xAlfG6YEHLS8sd5gtYCCZnwWq6swx49fVqiZT_RSAJmJvA6ebk2_nzzwPxBjc3iprpoJvjgqISrBTB1DyKMGlpkGF22enQqSkV6ju_eomLVMB0fP1sc1c8mEcOf8jszsndYJPydmXj0ihZlttVGA.pGzQcjK44YqzexuY8O9QB8HLu8Gc.eVopRRGBp9g82Sf9RtpLRWWe0cdRCq26h_1xqYmBLVP7TrewooUPYmwt0IZkSYotuKeW3o6P5Qej_Yk3nUzwVp68FbmP.UorD2uWx9HtUGY5MEXdN77yfq552HJmPS4Z_S79depSriGgGxvcZH..rNOAJTBsJYo7RQgPPTZ2HnXdElBHzr8_vOhesyMNOX7H9ha.nzBdjq6t.vrKxSroQBlSB7ku5lc.JlMyQed4Ky6Z2xRpSVn3Oq1X.fGmwytPBj0pjih31A1FeU4r7gNHqOLzvuqV6MeHrpv2EGzZRhJzOnpqKxIuoHRqMgd3BiW9QcbhW1v4uRm8it_ed9ZulCBcITpU_l0SQR8To.VHADn6ZWk.Zy_JSPOgf0MyqvqYbKDzfN6Xo_cHf3p8fz0.X.WzkSQ9QnKGmr7Oqt0i8glJmHxpH.WTd1LHq3BgZ92i2mMsAoJXtxjPmmAN2k6aaolm_R3SucHlAqwkKVTJLfpKavyTOm9bcgSGnTU6G7IYo2dLtDubJcdcrIUJ2P1zyBucoFtoCtmfOYN78Ck0FCAf9kHHlUCnimXEcS6ppFY_7OOKMhCtVUaLfDngeGYxaxOTJ6APlQCE4wu2cTF2M0TCYOGQ0AWwAHVLPn6Cyx5ge_GT0ju7HVFikCQZ6ELoop219kOfZduGDENTL3DqZeK5tvjBOEua3_X0ASZ.0uRdrJqwnMFk0vAJGOzVcKydLOlhxjrRlkdPKyHl0XD18lXDEZTE5YOtm0djX8LENS8r58.7WG5DLyeOvGG5UZADXCI0PIvQkwMdUIh8OvbhamxOx_wNG_oBvYMS5A1CVHIdgGjKtgpuA0SI1R.KFzJSQ0I_SI_nnhsaxmcBjlubAT.LhLU5Rbrv5pUUeiB7AdVu.RyBJX2JZ_lS7tB84xVkCEaw8HLxi9aBqMpYVtYvAm2AdOJ8Q2b8_hoxcmcgvPacnM6Dfx9G0NjyFsVkF86lqf6clzTm5BcuSehieLXHsy.cQQXUrbnTo2Mlo_fBko55X_8f2jJSiM8D_z_iviKZ352Lmlg.v.qVHQnL15KQH5MDY7PsjX6W37DkZjzsRT9dD4xNv3ymUmFOyXP8PHOs",mdrd: "na8yunBAwNSWm7SNGe_tanSvDqnAFVwSYqJE1RC9Jjg-1740528164-1.2.1.1-cTylLlIhH7HzeS29ZeDqhYqvUBuwD30LWxcWUOkHkveHAFZsnkY2cLibYgt6l7SUujKJqX9xgnfrcoL6O8m2CHp3gWXO0IwjlrJ1Acpj5UsTbvJbDM5y0FIjnkSzzfST2smmHNsJ5RjJgGBmh.1s3UQfilzyze2Xitv9fbvW.ZEvf7FEbtVRce9BK6qLjpj0jGyph1eIftlVuL43ntvd_qGe0S2ZLBDbbWhI2GMGWc0k_4n89Pbew6SP9UcGqetkhRcgvet7Fo3J9kG2CSZffuMsp8sOF4IWl30e.bRz_4HFNtrUKDk8hxau6Ba0EZtJTqbXLzj.mGHnU6cnfjoYNbi2lrh_Dy7Ir8ntMFoRDkZ.QSeip3rnSvJDMqmfUAkr4GDMX1CdkhQ2mGMKncN3JEBTG2Mym0Xec59wMhANe7Q_QRkgvUuSrn.ne4ug5B_rfJfoBVJSrtIJbWlYRO7947UGnonjABUKeZc6KMixGl.7DqsIlhQLf13lbd3iZxy.LkMaBwZDxxfgucGqyPVfL8QaNVXU2IQHX_tdUnAW5ShF7HBFkLC4_SHijqvYSjT8_pDDodxsIf0Ho5wMONl0SffGH7OidH4sPcid2telqAHHCdBTPIWtfilZxKOaK68lLecfp4IF.Hunuh5SLUlBq.40SpTLCxivk5mEjD5SYhoVBnc5p4mj_rds2Sy_W0NcAe5OJdAIPSHySGe0LH.jezC9BBYAFuQFD2iKsNmKjfRgqiHhLKm848Ul5ng7qLepZHIhHJ4BSfLBSyKlrt1cdE_dAE8_jchNo_quaxa9PDQp1TxrnPkKctM5VdTDD.L7egBv9o8M3vWbHz52vu7350R8hlBpWZ9OH_jUO_irgSFAxjCGM3uKnQmDwOYkzAmOLWuWI21SEx24BjU1ngiVTpRYFsqUOSlZePEG0SLDWfHtmlutK.2acmvAhLGOEIr8Gs9x_fUeUilvDrYZlBuAoG41GYIiHhF2i.tgAce3n7U0wZQg1MXLAftqwnTAaL8psf57ZI28ZgT5Ot1QgHMdrUNFOnOrVAHakTGPoE0rQ8.e.5muCDgLd.5rbdgT8sLlJdasF9X6C1WCAoOkhO1Mjng.cFr8VXCdIoIrlG8mEL4zsbLjfpfcML1V0qwpFWfWd5kyEjGrAfbytyRr24yT0K5jokXiLHlyunf6g_UpQiJSdCCPVMfABDabPgw2dfPSTEcFkeXESDB2j7zSoDtg2P_AfHpQ6jZyJjvZ3p0kx3q57y6tY5exfiy1xR7QMt8f9k1wTqGEKFw2nw7LEX.gXmgh7C9rbed1OOq3TJi4C4hGUjletFGfKKgF.KmvdelNHk6DK1yRvhjRPuZYmOl9t0UjBwXdrlkOYIS1f.bCH.UeZ2FTQ7GMwkT.ZGWbsjo4XIlvMj8B0.nCNBOH1aAYAx3UN1R1vQDz2aerOxdB7r9A48TuIL2afsPF87M_DQqcdCTAdVQ7XmUNSgahYSetanDinQfShlDdwZjx3tJhA7Nx.qAeKYxJ9jWNnzfeM.xQtVknYdrXlb2jXD.NzaJnupDYualm48gmi0SMETl2rvaOZIGPnzHl_63okCNGVy2_npYSJlGbCtMydGyff9fJm7vYQV3_9iV4ODsA9.tqP9zmRhaiomFm1cbtvELssBEoLg8yOTFKV7qos5RgM101VooNWGdnkpkzsj21U36pK5ALYJH3mtM7QtYdLYPhgOxblZ2.7w0P1Fc4ub5lH0FR84J9ywrGsBbY7yj8f2XouaY4ghVQrjpGfr3Y1F7mJUzJs0dURGa72lMNjgloIXbNDD3yas0KBeOEhd5ophM2JTrUPfajZim0A1PG8HwdDlXJrh.ia6_CHasoMcGFT6RRxQc18_bX3EOcQUQJ7PEml54FYUs8vg0EIYeZvqNZc5DVHbBzuar3GWuQn5hvhc60ec2_SjaAln0jsFkXFYQxyEQ9ontl9GM_HhKhTiiQbzA2"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=917bab05e81955ec';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/9999499\/endnote?__cf_chl_rt_tk=Kqjh6yI2COabaZLi_ZuxbuEs7aBRxmSSkHvuLSQ2AlU-1740528164-1.0.1.1-grJSeWPruf0I1MmQuRd8vhW2rQAHIyyhPopkiNze2zc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>