CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="af" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Lys van deeltjies - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )afwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Januarie","Februarie","Maart","April","Mei","Junie","Julie","Augustus","September","Oktober","November","Desember"],"wgRequestId":"709fbd66-6c81-49bc-9c57-698701f505c8","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Lys_van_deeltjies","wgTitle":"Lys van deeltjies","wgCurRevisionId":2290441,"wgRevisionId":2290441,"wgArticleId":77746,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["AS1-foute: tydskrif geïgnoreer","Deeltjiefisika"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"af","wgPageContentLanguage":"af","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Lys_van_deeltjies","wgRelevantArticleId":77746,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Saamgestelde_deeltjie","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick": true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"af","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"af"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Lys_van_deeltjies#Saamgestelde_deeltjies","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q783766","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={ "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging", "ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Lys van deeltjies - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//af.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lys_van_deeltjies#Saamgestelde_deeltjies"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Wysig" href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (af)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//af.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lys_van_deeltjies#Saamgestelde_deeltjies"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.af"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atoomvoer" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Lys_van_deeltjies rootpage-Lys_van_deeltjies skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Gaan na inhoud</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hoofkieslys" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hoofkieslys</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofkieslys</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" title="Besoek die Tuisblad [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Tuisblad</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gebruikersportaal" title="Meer oor die projek, wat jy kan doen, nuttige skakels"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Geselshoekie" title="Agtergrondinligting oor aktuele sake"><span>Geselshoekie</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings" title="'n Lys van onlangse wysigings [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Onlangse wysigings</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Lukraak" title="Laai 'n lukrake bladsye [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Lukrake bladsy</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Vind meer uit oor iets"><span>Hulp</span></a></li><li id="n-Sandput" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandput"><span>Sandput</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-af.svg" width="118" height="13" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Soek" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Deursoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Soek</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Deursoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Deursoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Deursoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesiaal:Soek"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Soek</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Lys+van+deeltjies" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Lys+van+deeltjies" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Lys+van+deeltjies" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Lys+van+deeltjies" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Elementêre_deeltjies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elementêre_deeltjies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Elementêre deeltjies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Elementêre_deeltjies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Elementêre deeltjies subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Elementêre_deeltjies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fermione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fermione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Fermione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fermione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kwarke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kwarke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Kwarke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kwarke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leptone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leptone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Leptone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leptone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bosone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bosone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Bosone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bosone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hipotetiese_deeltjies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hipotetiese_deeltjies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Hipotetiese deeltjies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hipotetiese_deeltjies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saamgestelde_deeltjies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saamgestelde_deeltjies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Saamgestelde deeltjies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Saamgestelde_deeltjies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Saamgestelde deeltjies subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Saamgestelde_deeltjies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hadrone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hadrone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Hadrone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hadrone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Barione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Barione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mesone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mesone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Mesone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mesone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atoomkerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atoomkerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Atoomkerns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atoomkerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Atome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Molekules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Molekules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Molekules</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Molekules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sien_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sien_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sien ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sien_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lys van deeltjies</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 28 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="قائمة الجسيمات – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قائمة الجسيمات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96%D1%86" title="Спіс часціц – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Спіс часціц" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="কণাসমূহের তালিকা – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কণাসমূহের তালিকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llista_de_part%C3%ADcules" title="Llista de partícules – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llista de partícules" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_particles" title="List of particles – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="List of particles" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listo_de_partikloj" title="Listo de partikloj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Listo de partikloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Tabla_de_part%C3%ADculas" title="Anexo:Tabla de partículas – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anexo:Tabla de partículas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osakeste_loend" title="Osakeste loend – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Osakeste loend" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="فهرست ذرات – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فهرست ذرات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luettelo_hiukkasista" title="Luettelo hiukkasista – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Luettelo hiukkasista" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_particules" title="Liste des particules – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liste des particules" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liosta_c%C3%A1ithn%C3%ADn%C3%AD" title="Liosta cáithníní – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Liosta cáithníní" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מיון החלקיקים – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיון החלקיקים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80" title="कणों की सूची – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कणों की सूची" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_partikel" title="Daftar partikel – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daftar partikel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7" title="物理学における粒子の一覧 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="物理学における粒子の一覧" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%85%EC%9E%90_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="입자 목록 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="입자 목록" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Список на честички – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Список на честички" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senarai_zarah" title="Senarai zarah – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Senarai zarah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijst_van_deeltjes_uit_de_deeltjesfysica" title="Lijst van deeltjes uit de deeltjesfysica – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lijst van deeltjes uit de deeltjesfysica" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_de_part%C3%ADculas_elementares" title="Lista de partículas elementares – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lista de partículas elementares" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="featured list badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86" title="Список частиц – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Список частиц" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoznam_element%C3%A1rnych_%C4%8Dast%C3%ADc" title="Zoznam elementárnych častíc – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zoznam elementárnych častíc" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seznam_delcev" title="Seznam delcev – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Seznam delcev" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%A7ac%C4%B1klar_listesi" title="Parçacıklar listesi – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Parçacıklar listesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Список частинок – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Список частинок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danh_s%C3%A1ch_h%E1%BA%A1t_c%C6%A1_b%E1%BA%A3n" title="Danh sách hạt cơ bản – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Danh sách hạt cơ bản" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="粒子列表 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="粒子列表" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q783766#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_deeltjies" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Lys_van_deeltjies" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_deeltjies"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_deeltjies"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Lys_van_deeltjies" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Lys_van_deeltjies" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&oldid=2290441" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Lys_van_deeltjies&id=2290441&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLys_van_deeltjies%23Saamgestelde_deeltjies"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLys_van_deeltjies%23Saamgestelde_deeltjies"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Lys+van+deeltjies"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Lys_van_deeltjies&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q783766" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Aangestuur vanaf <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saamgestelde_deeltjie&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Saamgestelde deeltjie">Saamgestelde deeltjie</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><p>Die <b>lys van deeltjies</b> of <b>partikels</b> bevat die verskillende soorte deeltjies wat vermoedelik in die <a href="/wiki/Heelal" title="Heelal">heelal</a> bestaan. Dit sluit in <a href="/wiki/Element%C3%AAre_deeltjie" title="Elementêre deeltjie">elementêre deeltjies</a> sowel as <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Saamgestelde_deeltjies">saamgestelde deeltjies</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elementêre_deeltjies"><span id="Element.C3.AAre_deeltjies"></span>Elementêre deeltjies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Elementêre deeltjies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Elementêre deeltjies"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles_afr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles_afr.svg/220px-Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles_afr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles_afr.svg/330px-Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles_afr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles_afr.svg/440px-Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles_afr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="819" data-file-height="615" /></a><figcaption>Die Standaardmodel van elementêre deeltjies.</figcaption></figure> <p>Elementêre deeltjies is deeltjies wat nie in kleiner dele opgedeel kan word nie. Hulle is basiese voorwerpe van die <a href="/wiki/Kwantum" title="Kwantum">kwantumveldteorie</a>. Talle families en subfamilies van elementêre deeltjies bestaan. Hulle word geklassifiseer volgens hul <a href="/wiki/Spin_(fisika)" title="Spin (fisika)">spin</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion">Fermione</a> het ’n halftallige en <a href="/wiki/Boson" title="Boson">bosone</a> ’n heeltallige spin. Alle deeltjies van die <a href="/wiki/Standaardmodel" title="Standaardmodel">Standaardmodel</a> is in eksperimente waargeneem, insluitende die <a href="/wiki/Higgsboson" title="Higgsboson">Higgsboson</a> wat vermoedelik onlangs ontdek is. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fermione">Fermione</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Fermione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Fermione"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fermione is een van die twee basiese groepe deeltjies – die ander een is bosone. Fermione word omskryf deur die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermi-Dirac-statistiek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fermi-Dirac-statistiek (bladsy bestaan nie)">Fermi-Dirac-statistiek</a> en het kwantumgetalle wat omskryf word deur die <a href="/wiki/Uitsluitingsbeginsel_van_Pauli" title="Uitsluitingsbeginsel van Pauli">Uitsluitingsbeginsel van Pauli</a>. Hulle sluit die <a href="/wiki/Kwark" title="Kwark">kwarke</a> en <a href="/wiki/Lepton" title="Lepton">leptone</a> in, sowel as enige saamgestelde deeltjies wat bestaan uit ’n ongelyke getal van dié deeltjies, soos alle <a href="/wiki/Barion" title="Barion">barione</a> en talle <a href="/wiki/Atoom" title="Atoom">atome</a> en kerns. </p><p>Fermione het ’n halftallige spin; vir alle bekende elementêre fermione is dit <span class="frac nowrap"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></span>. Alle bekende fermione is ook <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dirac-fermion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dirac-fermion (bladsy bestaan nie)">Dirac-fermione</a>, dus het elkeen sy eie <a href="/wiki/Antideeltjie" title="Antideeltjie">antideeltjie</a>. Dit is onbekend of die <a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">neutrino</a> ’n Dirac-fermion is of ’n <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majorana-fermion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majorana-fermion (bladsy bestaan nie)">Majorana-fermion</a> (wat sy eie antideeltjie is).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fermione is die basiese boustene van alle <a href="/wiki/Materie" title="Materie">materie</a>. Hulle word geklassifiseer volgens die feit of hul wisselwerking via die <a href="/wiki/Kwantumchromodinamika" title="Kwantumchromodinamika">kleurkrag</a> is of nie. In die Standaardmodel is daar 12 soorte elementêre fermione: ses kwarke en ses leptone. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kwarke">Kwarke</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Kwarke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Kwarke"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kwarke is die basiese bestanddele van <a href="/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron">hadrone</a> en hul wisselwerking vind plaas via die <a href="/wiki/Sterk_wisselwerking" title="Sterk wisselwerking">sterk wisselwerking</a>. Kwarke is die enigste elementêre deeltjies met ’n nievoltallige <a href="/wiki/Elektriese_lading" title="Elektriese lading">elektriese lading</a>, maar omdat hulle voorkom in groepe van drie (barione) of in groepe van twee saam met antikwarke (mesone), word net heeltallige ladings in die natuur waargeneem. Hul onderskeie antideeltjies is die antikwarke wat identies is, behalwe dat hulle ’n teenoorgestelde elektriese lading, kleurlading en bariongetal het (die opkwark het byvoorbeeld ’n lading van +<span class="frac nowrap"><sup>2</sup>⁄<sub>3</sub></span>, terwyl die op-antikwark ’n lading van −<span class="frac nowrap"><sup>2</sup>⁄<sub>3</sub></span> het). Daar is ses <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aroma_(deeltjiefisika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aroma (deeltjiefisika) (bladsy bestaan nie)">aromas</a> by kwarke; die drie kwarke met ’n positiewe lading word <i>op-tipe kwarke</i> genoem en dié met ’n negatiewe lading <i>af-tipe kwarke</i>. </p> <center> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Kwarke </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Naam</th> <th>Simbool</th> <th>Antideeltjie</th> <th>Lading<br />(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Element%C3%AAre_lading&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementêre lading (bladsy bestaan nie)">e</a>)</th> <th>Massa (<a href="/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt">MeV</a>/<a href="/wiki/Spoed_van_lig" class="mw-redirect" title="Spoed van lig">c</a><sup>2</sup>) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Opkwark" title="Opkwark">op</a></td> <td>u</td> <td>anti-op</td> <td>+<span class="frac nowrap"><sup>2</sup>⁄<sub>3</sub></span></td> <td>1,5 – 3,3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Afkwark" title="Afkwark">af</a></td> <td>d</td> <td>anti-af</td> <td>−<span class="frac nowrap"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>3</sub></span></td> <td>3,5 – 6,0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sjarmekwark" title="Sjarmekwark">sjarme</a></td> <td>c</td> <td>anti-sjarme</td> <td>+<span class="frac nowrap"><sup>2</sup>⁄<sub>3</sub></span></td> <td>1 160 – 1 340 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vreemdkwark" title="Vreemdkwark">vreemd</a></td> <td>s</td> <td>anti-vreemd</td> <td>−<span class="frac nowrap"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>3</sub></span></td> <td>70 – 130 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bokwark" title="Bokwark">bo</a></td> <td>t</td> <td>anti-bo</td> <td>+<span class="frac nowrap"><sup>2</sup>⁄<sub>3</sub></span></td> <td>169 100 – 173 300 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Onderkwark" title="Onderkwark">onder</a></td> <td>b</td> <td>anti-onder</td> <td>−<span class="frac nowrap"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>3</sub></span></td> <td>4 130 – 4 370 </td></tr> </tbody></table> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Leptone">Leptone</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Leptone" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Leptone"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leptone se wisselwerking vind nie plaas via die sterk wisselwerking nie. Hul onderskeie antideeltjies is die antileptone wat identies is behalwe dat hulle ’n teenoorgestelde elektriese landing en leptongetal het. Die antideeltjie van die <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a> is die anti-elektron, wat om historiese redes feitlik altyd die <i><a href="/wiki/Positron" class="mw-redirect" title="Positron">positron</a></i> genoem word. Daar is altesaam ses leptone; die drie met ’n lading word <i>elektron-tipe leptone</i> genoem en die neutrale leptone <i><a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">neutrino's</a></i>. Die hipotetiese swaar, regterkantse neutrino, die "steriele neutrino", is nie op die lys nie. </p> <center> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Leptone </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Naam</th> <th>Simbool</th> <th>Antideeltjie</th> <th>Lading<br />(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Element%C3%AAre_lading&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementêre lading (bladsy bestaan nie)">e</a>)</th> <th>Massa (<a href="/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt">MeV</a>/<a href="/wiki/Spoed_van_lig" class="mw-redirect" title="Spoed van lig">c</a><sup>2</sup>) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">Elektron</a></td> <td>e<sup>-</sup></td> <td>anti-elektron</td> <td>−1</td> <td>0,511 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektron-neutrino" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektron-neutrino">Elektron-neutrino</a></td> <td>v<sub>e</sub></td> <td>elektron-antineutrino</td> <td>0</td> <td>< 0,000 0022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Muon" title="Muon">Muon</a></td> <td>μ<sup>-</sup></td> <td>antimuon</td> <td>−1</td> <td>105.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Muon-neutrino" class="mw-redirect" title="Muon-neutrino">Muon-neutrino</a></td> <td>v<sub>μ</sub></td> <td>muon-antineutrino</td> <td>0</td> <td>< 0,170 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tau_(deeltjie)" title="Tau (deeltjie)">Tau</a></td> <td>t<sup>-</sup></td> <td>antitau</td> <td>−1</td> <td>1 777 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tau-neutrino" class="mw-redirect" title="Tau-neutrino">Tau-neutrino</a></td> <td>v<sub>t</sub></td> <td>tau-antineutrino</td> <td>0</td> <td>< 15.5 </td></tr> </tbody></table> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bosone">Bosone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Bosone" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Bosone"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bosone is een van die twee basiese soorte deeltjies – die ander soort is fermione. Bosone word omskryf deur die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bose-Einstein-statistiek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bose-Einstein-statistiek (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bose-Einstein-statistiek</a> en het almal ’n heeltallige <a href="/wiki/Spin_(fisika)" title="Spin (fisika)">spin</a>. Hulle kan óf elementêr wees, soos <a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">fotone</a> en <a href="/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon">gluone</a>, óf saamgestel, soos <a href="/wiki/Meson" title="Meson">mesone</a>. </p><p>Die <a href="/wiki/Fundamentele_wisselwerking" title="Fundamentele wisselwerking">fundamentele wisselwerkings</a> van die natuur word bemiddel deur die <a href="/wiki/Ykboson" title="Ykboson">ykbosone</a>, en massa word vermoedelik geskep deur die <a href="/wiki/Higgsveld" title="Higgsveld">Higgsveld</a>. Volgens die Standaardmodel is die elementêre bosone: </p> <center> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Bosone </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Naam</th> <th>Simbool</th> <th>Antideeltjie</th> <th>Lading<br />(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Element%C3%AAre_lading&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementêre lading (bladsy bestaan nie)">e</a>)</th> <th>Spin</th> <th>Massa (<a href="/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt">MeV</a>/<a href="/wiki/Spoed_van_lig" class="mw-redirect" title="Spoed van lig">c</a><sup>2</sup>)</th> <th>Bemiddel <br />wisselwerking</th> <th>Bestaan </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">Foton</a></td> <td>γ</td> <td>Eie</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetisme" title="Elektromagnetisme">Elektromagnetisme</a></td> <td>Bevestig </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/W-_en_Z-bosone" title="W- en Z-bosone">W-boson</a></td> <td>W<sup>-</sup></td> <td>W<sup>+</sup></td> <td>−1</td> <td>1</td> <td>80,4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swak_wisselwerking" title="Swak wisselwerking">Swak wisselwerking</a></td> <td>Bevestig </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/W-_en_Z-bosone" title="W- en Z-bosone">Z-boson</a></td> <td>Z</td> <td>Eie</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>91,2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swak_wisselwerking" title="Swak wisselwerking">Swak wisselwerking</a></td> <td>Bevestig </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon">Gluon</a></td> <td>g</td> <td>Eie</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sterk_wisselwerking" title="Sterk wisselwerking">Sterk wisselwerking</a></td> <td>Bevestig </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Higgsboson" title="Higgsboson">Higgsboson</a></td> <td>H<sup>0</sup></td> <td>Eie</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>125,3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massa" title="Massa">Massa</a></td> <td>Vermoedelik bevestig </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Graviton" title="Graviton">Graviton</a></td> <td>G</td> <td>Eie</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swaartekrag" title="Swaartekrag">Swaartekrag</a></td> <td>Onbevestig </td></tr></tbody></table> </center> <ul><li>Die graviton word by die lys gevoeg – dit word nie deur die Standaardmodel voorspel nie, maar wel deur ander teorieë in die raamwerk van kwantumveldteorie.</li> <li>Daar is vermoedelik verskeie Higgsbosone. Een is sedert Julie 2012 waargeneem in die <a href="/wiki/Groot_Hadronversneller" title="Groot Hadronversneller">Groot Hadronversneller</a> met ’n energievlak van 126,5 GeV.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hipotetiese_deeltjies">Hipotetiese deeltjies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Hipotetiese deeltjies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Hipotetiese deeltjies"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Supersimmetrie" title="Supersimmetrie">Supersimmetrie</a>-teorieë voorspel die bestaan van nog deeltjies, waarvan nie een tot dusver (2013) in eksperimente waargeneem is nie. </p> <center> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>S-deeltjies (<a href="/wiki/Engels" title="Engels">Engels</a>: Superpartners) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/S-deeltjie" title="S-deeltjie">S-deeltjie</a></th> <th>S-deeltjie van</th> <th>Spin</th> <th width="500">Notas </th></tr> <tr> <td>neutralino</td> <td>neutrale boson</td> <td><span class="frac nowrap"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></span></td> <td>Die neutralino's is superposisies van die s-deeltjies van neutrale Standaardmodel-bosone: die neutrale Higgsboson, Z-boson en foton.<br />Die ligste neutralino is ’n groot kandidaat vir <a href="/wiki/Donker_materie" title="Donker materie">donker materie</a>.<br />Die bestaan van 4 neutralino's word voorspel. </td></tr> <tr> <td>chargino</td> <td>gelaaide boson</td> <td><span class="frac nowrap"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></span></td> <td>Die chargino's is superposisies van die s-deeltjies van gelaaide Standaardmodel-bosone: die gelaaide Higgs- en W-boson.<br />Die bestaan van twee pare chargino's word voorspel. </td></tr> <tr> <td>fotino</td> <td>foton</td> <td><span class="frac nowrap"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></span></td> <td>Meng met zino en neutrale Higgsino's vir neutralino's. </td></tr> <tr> <td>wino, zino</td> <td>W<sup>±</sup> en Z<sup>0</sup>-bosone</td> <td><span class="frac nowrap"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></span></td> <td>Die gelaaide wino meng met die gelaaide Higgsino vir chargino's; sien die reël net hierbo. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Higgsino</td> <td>Higgsboson</td> <td><span class="frac nowrap"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></span></td> <td>Vir supersimmetrie is verskeie Higgsbosone nodig, neutraal en gelaai, in ooreenstemming met hul s-deeltjies.<br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td>gluino</td> <td>gluon</td> <td><span class="frac nowrap"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></span></td> <td>Agt gluone en agt gluino's. </td></tr> <tr> <td>gravitino</td> <td>graviton</td> <td><span class="frac nowrap"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></span></td> <td>Voorspel deur superswaartekrag. Die graviton is ook hipoteties (sien volgende tabel). </td></tr> <tr> <td>sleptons</td> <td>leptons</td> <td>0</td> <td>Die s-deeltjies van die leptone (die elektron, muon, tau) en die neutrino's. </td></tr> <tr> <td>sneutrino</td> <td>neutrino</td> <td>0</td> <td>Vanweë ’n spesiale rol word die steriele sneutrino, die supersimmetriese eweknie van die hipotetiese regterkantse neutrino, die "steriele neutrino" genoem. </td></tr> <tr> <td>skwarke</td> <td>kwarke</td> <td>0</td> <td>Die sbo-skwark, die s-deeltjie van die bokwark) het vermoedelik ’n lae massa en word dikwels in eksperimente gesoek. </td></tr> </tbody></table> </center> <p>Ander teorieë voorspel die bestaan van nog bosone: </p> <center> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Ander hipotetiese bosone en fermione </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Naam</th> <th>Spin</th> <th width="500">Notas </th></tr> <tr> <td>graviton</td> <td>2</td> <td>Word voorspel om swaartekrag te bemiddel in teorieë van kwantumswaartekrag. </td></tr> <tr> <td>graviskalaar</td> <td>0</td> <td>Ook bekend as radion </td></tr> <tr> <td>gravifoton</td> <td>1</td> <td>Ook bekend as gravivektor<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>aksion</td> <td>0</td> <td>’n Pseudoskalêre deeltjie in die Peccei-Quinn-teorie. </td></tr> <tr> <td>aksino</td> <td><span class="frac nowrap"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></span></td> <td>S-deeltjie van die aksion. Vorm saam met die saksion en aksion ’n <a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermultiplet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermultiplet (bladsy bestaan nie)">supermultiplet</a> in supersimmetreise uitbreidings van die Peccei-Quinn-teorie. </td></tr> <tr> <td>saksion</td> <td>0</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>branon</td> <td>?</td> <td>Voorspel in braankosmologie-modelle. </td></tr> <tr> <td>dilaton</td> <td>0</td> <td>Voorspel in sommige snaarteorieë. </td></tr> <tr> <td>dilatino</td> <td><span class="frac nowrap"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></span></td> <td>S-deeltjie van die dilaton </td></tr> <tr> <td>X- en Y-bosone</td> <td>1</td> <td>Hierdie leptokwarke is vermoedelik swaarder weergawes van W en Z. </td></tr> <tr> <td>W'- en Z'-bosone</td> <td>1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>magnetiese foton</td> <td>?</td> <td>A. Salam (1966). "Magnetic monopole and two photon theories of C-violation". Physics Letters 22 (5): 683–684 </td></tr> <tr> <td>majoron</td> <td>0</td> <td>Voorspel om neutrino-massas by die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wipplankmeganisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wipplankmeganisme (bladsy bestaan nie)">wipplankmeganisme</a> te verstaan. </td></tr> <tr> <td>majorana-fermion</td> <td><span class="frac nowrap"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></span> ; <span class="frac nowrap"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></span> ?...</td> <td>gluino, neutralino of ander – is sy eie antideeltjie </td></tr> <tr> <td>kameleon-deeltjie</td> <td>0</td> <td>’n Moontlike kandidaat vir <a href="/wiki/Donker_energie" title="Donker energie">donker energie</a> en kan bydra tot kosmiese uitdying. </td></tr> </tbody></table> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Saamgestelde_deeltjies">Saamgestelde deeltjies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Saamgestelde deeltjies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Saamgestelde deeltjies"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hadrone">Hadrone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Hadrone" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Hadrone"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron">Hadrone</a> word gedefinieer as <a href="/wiki/Sterk_wisselwerking" title="Sterk wisselwerking">sterk wisselwerkende</a> saamgestelde deeltjies. Hulle is: </p> <ul><li>Saamgestelde <a href="/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion">fermione</a>, wat <a href="/wiki/Barion" title="Barion">barione</a> genoem word, of</li> <li>Saamgestelde <a href="/wiki/Boson" title="Boson">bosone</a>, wat <a href="/wiki/Meson" title="Meson">mesone</a> genoem word.</li></ul> <p>Kwarkmodelle, wat in 1964 onafhanklik deur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Murray_Gell-Mann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murray Gell-Mann (bladsy bestaan nie)">Murray Gell-Mann</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Zweig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Zweig (bladsy bestaan nie)">George Zweig</a> voorgestel is, beskryf die bekende hadrone as saamgestel uit valensiekwarke en/of -antikwarke, wat styf saamgebind word deur die kleurkrag, wat bemiddel word deur gluone. ’n "See" van virtuele kwark-antikwark-pare is ook teenwoordig in elke hadron. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Barione">Barione</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Barione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Barione"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Baryon_decuplet.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Baryon_decuplet.svg/180px-Baryon_decuplet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Baryon_decuplet.svg/270px-Baryon_decuplet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Baryon_decuplet.svg/360px-Baryon_decuplet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="831" /></a><figcaption>’n Kombinasie van drie u-, d- of s-kwarke met ’n algehele spin van <span class="frac nowrap"><sup>3</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></span> vorm die sogenaamde barion-dekoeplet.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Proton_quark_structure.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Proton_quark_structure.svg/180px-Proton_quark_structure.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Proton_quark_structure.svg/270px-Proton_quark_structure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Proton_quark_structure.svg/360px-Proton_quark_structure.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Protonkwark-strukture: twee opkwarke en een afkwark.</figcaption></figure> <p>Gewone barione (saamgestelde fermione) bevat elk drie valensiekwarke of drie valensie-antikwarke. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nukleon" title="Nukleon">Nukleone</a> is die fermion-bestanddele van normale atoomkerns: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">Protone</a>, saamgestel uit twee opkwarke en een afkwark (uud)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">Neutrone</a>, saamgestel uit twee afkwarke en een opkwark (ddu)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiperon" title="Hiperon">Hiperone</a>, soos die Λ-, Σ-, Ξ- en Ω-deeltjies, wat een of meer <a href="/wiki/Vreemdkwark" title="Vreemdkwark">vreemdkwarke</a> bevat, het ’n kort lewe en is swaarder as nukleone. Hoewel hulle nie gewoonlik in atoomkerns teenwoordig is nie, kan hulle voorkom in hiperkerns met ’n kort bestaan.</li> <li>’n Aantal <a href="/wiki/Sjarmekwark" title="Sjarmekwark">sjarme-</a> en <a href="/wiki/Onderkwark" title="Onderkwark">onder-barione</a> is ook al waargeneem.</li></ul> <p>Tekens is onlangs gevind dat ’n eksotiese barion ook bestaan, maar daar was ook negatiewe resultate en die bestaan daarvan is onseker. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentakwark" title="Pentakwark">Pentakwarke</a> bestaan uit vier valensiekwarke en een valensie-antikwark.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mesone">Mesone</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Mesone" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Mesone"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gewone <a href="/wiki/Meson" title="Meson">mesone</a> bestaan uit ’n valensiekwark ’n valensie-antikwark. Omdat mesone ’n spin van 0 of 1 het en nie self elementêre deeltjies is nie, is hulle <i>saamgestelde</i> bosone. Voorbeelde van mesone sluit in die <a href="/wiki/Pion_(deeltjie)" title="Pion (deeltjie)">pion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaon" title="Kaon">kaon</a> en die <a href="/w/index.php?title=J/%CF%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J/ψ (bladsy bestaan nie)">J/ψ</a>. </p><p>Tekens vir die bestaan van die volgende eksotiese mesone is al gevind, maar hul bestaan is nog nie bevestig nie: </p> <ul><li>’n Tetrakwark, wat bestaan uit twee valensiekwarke en een valensie-antikwark;</li> <li>’n Gluonbal is ’n saamgestelde toestand van gluone met geen valensiekwarke nie;</li> <li>’n Hibried-meson bestaan uit een of meer valensiekwark-antikwark-pare en een of meer gluone.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atoomkerns">Atoomkerns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Atoomkerns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Atoomkerns"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Helium_atom_QM.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Helium_atom_QM.svg/180px-Helium_atom_QM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Helium_atom_QM.svg/270px-Helium_atom_QM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Helium_atom_QM.svg/360px-Helium_atom_QM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="665" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>’n Semi-akkurate voorstelling van die <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">heliumatoom</a>. Die protone in die kern is rooi en die neutrone pers. In werklikheid is die kern ook sferies simmetries.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Atoom" title="Atoom">Atoomkerns</a> bestaan uit protone en neutrone. Elke soort kern bevat ’n spesifieke getal <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protone</a> en ’n spesifieke getal <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrone</a>, en word ’n <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuklied&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuklied (bladsy bestaan nie)">nuklied</a> of <a href="/wiki/Isotoop" title="Isotoop">isotoop</a> genoem. <a href="/wiki/Kernreaksie" title="Kernreaksie">Kernreaksies</a> kan een nuklied in ’n ander nuklied verander. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atome">Atome</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: Atome" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Atome"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Atoom" title="Atoom">Atome</a> is die kleinste neutrale deeltjies waarin materie verdeel kan word deur chemiese reaksies. ’n Atoom bestaan uit ’n klein, swaar kern omring deur ’n relatief groot, ligte wolk elektrone. Elke soort atoom stem ooreen met ’n spesifieke <a href="/wiki/Chemiese_element" title="Chemiese element">chemiese element</a>. Daar is al 118 elemente ontdek, maar net die elemente 1-112, 114 en 116 het amptelike name. Sien die <a href="/wiki/Periodieke_tabel" title="Periodieke tabel">periodieke tabel</a> vir ’n oorsig. </p><p>’n Atoomkern bestaan uit protone en neutrone. Protone en neutrone bestaan op hul beurt uit kwarke. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Molekules">Molekules</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Wysig afdeling: Molekules" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Molekules"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Molekule" class="mw-redirect" title="Molekule">Molekules</a> is die kleinste deeltjie waarin ’n nie-elementêre stof verdeel kan word terwyl die fisiese eienskappe van die stof behoue bly. Elke soort molekule stem ooreen met ’n spesifieke <a href="/wiki/Chemiese_samestelling" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemiese samestelling">chemiese samestelling</a>. Molekules is ’n samestelling van twee of meer atome. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sien_ook">Sien ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Wysig afdeling: Sien ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Sien ook"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Periodieke_tabel" title="Periodieke tabel">Periodieke tabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standaardmodel" title="Standaardmodel">Standaardmodel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">B. Kayser, <i>Two Questions About Neutrinos</i>, arXiv:1012.4469v1 [hep-ph] (2010).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFR._Maartens2004" class="citation book cs1">R. Maartens (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emis.de/journals/LRG/Articles/lrr-2004-7/download/lrr-2004-7BW.pdf"><i>Brane-World Gravity</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brane-World+Gravity&rft.pages=7&rft.date=2004&rft.au=R.+Maartens&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emis.de%2Fjournals%2FLRG%2FArticles%2Flrr-2004-7%2Fdownload%2Flrr-2004-7BW.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ALys+van+deeltjies" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_book" title="Sjabloon:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Hulp:AS1-foute#periodical_ignored" title="Hulp:AS1-foute">hulp</a>)</span> Ook beskikbaar in webformaat by <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.livingreviews.org/lrr-2004-7">http://www.livingreviews.org/lrr-2004-7</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ontsluit van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&oldid=2290441#Saamgestelde_deeltjies">https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&oldid=2290441#Saamgestelde_deeltjies</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Kategorie%C3%AB" title="Spesiaal:Kategorieë">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Deeltjiefisika" title="Kategorie:Deeltjiefisika">Deeltjiefisika</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Versteekte kategorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:AS1-foute:_tydskrif_ge%C3%AFgnoreer" title="Kategorie:AS1-foute: tydskrif geïgnoreer">AS1-foute: tydskrif geïgnoreer</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Die bladsy is laas op 11 Oktober 2020 om 12:30 bygewerk.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Die teks is beskikbaar onder die lisensie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Erkenning-Insgelyks Deel</a>. Aanvullende voorwaardes kan moontlik ook van toepassing wees. Sien die <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Algemene Voorwaardes</a> vir meer inligting.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privaatheidsbeleid</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Oor">Inligting oor Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Voorwaardes">Vrywaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Gedragskode</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Ontwikkelaars</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/af.wikipedia.org">Statistieke</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Koekieverklaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//af.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_deeltjies&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile#Saamgestelde_deeltjies" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Selfoonweergawe</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-ktpz4","wgBackendResponseTime":157,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.139","walltime":"0.166","ppvisitednodes":{"value":574,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":4710,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":63,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":6,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":4589,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 102.474 1 -total"," 90.57% 92.813 1 Sjabloon:Verwysings"," 85.41% 87.525 1 Sjabloon:Cite_book"," 3.88% 3.979 21 Sjabloon:Frac"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.058","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2547914,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-7858d788f6-6jx8k","timestamp":"20241101183247","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Lys van deeltjies","url":"https:\/\/af.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lys_van_deeltjies#Saamgestelde_deeltjies","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q783766","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q783766","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2013-06-29T13:20:59Z","dateModified":"2020-10-11T12:30:49Z","headline":"Wikimedia lysartikel"}</script> </body> </html>