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mass</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: center of mass"> <meta name="keywords" content="center of mass"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="center of mass"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 5456</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: center of mass</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5246</span> SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Risk Factors among Patients from a Metropolitan Community Health Center, Puerto Rico, July 2020 to March 2022</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20C.%20Reyes">Juan C. Reyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linnette%20Rodr%C3%ADguez"> Linnette Rodríguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H%C3%A9ctor%20Villanueva"> Héctor Villanueva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jorge%20V%C3%A1zquez"> Jorge Vázquez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivonne%20Rivera"> Ivonne Rivera</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> On July 2020, a private non-profit community health center (HealthProMed) that serves people without a medical insurance plan or with limited resources in one of the most populated areas in San Juan, Puerto Rico, implemented a COVID-19 case investigation and contact-tracing surveillance system. Nursing personnel at the health center completed a computerized case investigation form that was translated, adapted, and modified from CDC’s Patient Under Investigation (PUI) Form. Between July 13, 2020, and March 17, 2022, a total of 9,233 SARS-CoV-2 tests were conducted at the health center, 16.9% of which were classified as confirmed cases (positive molecular test) and 27.7% as probable cases (positive serologic test). Most of the confirmed cases were females (60.0%), under 20 years old (29.1%), and living in their homes (59.1%). In the 14 days before the onset of symptoms, 26.3% of confirmed cases reported going to the supermarket, 22.4% had contact with a known COVID-19 case, and 20.7% went to work. The symptoms most commonly reported were sore throat (33.4%), runny nose (33.3%), cough (24.9%), and headache (23.2%). The most common preexisting medical conditions among confirmed cases were hypertension (19.3%), chronic lung disease including asthma, emphysema, COPD (13.3%), and diabetes mellitus (12.8). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that patients who used alcohol frequently during the last two weeks (OR=1.43; 95%CI: 1.15-1.77), those who were in contact with a positive case (OR=1.58; 95%CI: 1.33-1.88) and those who were obese (OR=1.82; 95%CI: 1.24-2.69) were significantly more likely to be a confirmed case after controlling for sociodemographic variables. Implementing a case investigation and contact-tracing component at community health centers can be of great value in the prevention and control of COVID-19 at the community level and could be used in future outbreaks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20health%20center" title="community health center">community health center</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Puerto%20Rico" title=" Puerto Rico"> Puerto Rico</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factors" title=" risk factors"> risk factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SARS-CoV-2" title=" SARS-CoV-2"> SARS-CoV-2</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157619/sars-cov-2-transmission-risk-factors-among-patients-from-a-metropolitan-community-health-center-puerto-rico-july-2020-to-march-2022" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157619.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5245</span> The Theory of the Mystery: Unifying the Quantum and Cosmic Worlds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Najiur%20Rahman">Md. Najiur Rahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This hypothesis reveals a profound and symmetrical connection that goes beyond the boundaries of quantum physics and cosmology, revolutionizing our understanding of the fundamental building blocks of the cosmos, given its name ‘The Theory of the Mystery’. This theory has an elegantly simple equation, “R = ∆r / √∆m” which establishes a beautiful and well-crafted relationship between the radius (R) of an elementary particle or galaxy, the relative change in radius (∆r), and the mass difference (∆m) between related entities. It is fascinating to note that this formula presents a super synchronization, one which involves the convergence of every basic particle and any single celestial entity into perfect alignment with its respective mass and radius. In addition, we have a Supporting equation that defines the mass-radius connection of an entity by the equation: R=√m/N, where N is an empirically established constant, determined to be approximately 42.86 kg/m, representing the proportionality between mass and radius. It provides precise predictions, collects empirical evidence, and explores the far-reaching consequences of theories such as General Relativity. This elegant symmetry reveals a fundamental principle that underpins the cosmos: each component, whether small or large, follows a precise mass-radius relationship to exert gravity by a universal law. This hypothesis represents a transformative process towards a unified theory of physics, and the pursuit of experimental verification will show that each particle and galaxy is bound by gravity and plays a unique but harmonious role in shaping the universe. It promises to reveal the great symphony of the mighty cosmos. The predictive power of our hypothesis invites the exploration of entities at the farthest reaches of the cosmos, providing a bridge between the known and the unknown. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unified%20theory" title="unified theory">unified theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20gravity" title=" quantum gravity"> quantum gravity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass-radius%20relationship" title=" mass-radius relationship"> mass-radius relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dark%20matter" title=" dark matter"> dark matter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uniform%20gravity" title=" uniform gravity"> uniform gravity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181476/the-theory-of-the-mystery-unifying-the-quantum-and-cosmic-worlds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5244</span> Model for Calculating Traffic Mass and Deceleration Delays Based on Traffic Field Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Canqi">Liu Canqi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeng%20Junsheng"> Zeng Junsheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study identifies two typical bottlenecks that occur when a vehicle cannot change lanes: car following and car stopping. The ideas of traffic field and traffic mass are presented in this work. When there are other vehicles in front of the target vehicle within a particular distance, a force is created that affects the target vehicle's driving speed. The characteristics of the driver and the vehicle collectively determine the traffic mass; the driving speed of the vehicle and external variables have no bearing on this. From a physical level, this study examines the vehicle's bottleneck when following a car, identifies the outside factors that have an impact on how it drives, takes into account that the vehicle will transform kinetic energy into potential energy during deceleration, and builds a calculation model for traffic mass. The energy-time conversion coefficient is created from an economic standpoint utilizing the social average wage level and the average cost of motor fuel. Vissim simulation program measures the vehicle's deceleration distance and delays under the Wiedemann car-following model. The difference between the measured value of deceleration delay acquired by simulation and the theoretical value calculated by the model is compared using the conversion calculation model of traffic mass and deceleration delay. The experimental data demonstrate that the model is reliable since the error rate between the theoretical calculation value of the deceleration delay obtained by the model and the measured value of simulation results is less than 10%. The article's conclusion is that the traffic field has an impact on moving cars on the road and that physical and socioeconomic factors should be taken into account while studying vehicle-following behavior. The deceleration delay value of a vehicle's driving and traffic mass have a socioeconomic relationship that can be utilized to calculate the energy-time conversion coefficient when dealing with the bottleneck of cars stopping and starting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20field" title="traffic field">traffic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20economics" title=" social economics"> social economics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20mass" title=" traffic mass"> traffic mass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bottleneck" title=" bottleneck"> bottleneck</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deceleration%20delay" title=" deceleration delay"> deceleration delay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174256/model-for-calculating-traffic-mass-and-deceleration-delays-based-on-traffic-field-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5243</span> A Plasmonic Mass Spectrometry Approach for Detection of Small Nutrients and Toxins</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haiyang%20Su">Haiyang Su</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kun%20Qian"> Kun Qian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We developed a novel plasmonic matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) approach to detect small nutrients and toxin in complex biological emulsion samples. We used silver nanoshells (SiO₂@Ag) with optimized structures as matrices and achieved direct analysis of ~6 nL of human breast milk without any enrichment or separation. We performed identification and quantitation of small nutrients and toxins with limit-of-detection down to 0.4 pmol (for melamine) and reaction time shortened to minutes, superior to the conventional biochemical methods currently in use. Our approach contributed to the near-future application of MALDI MS in a broad field and personalized design of plasmonic materials for real case bio-analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasmonic%20materials" title="plasmonic materials">plasmonic materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20desorption%2Fionization" title=" laser desorption/ionization"> laser desorption/ionization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20spectrometry" title=" mass spectrometry"> mass spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20nutrients" title=" small nutrients"> small nutrients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxins" title=" toxins"> toxins</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90310/a-plasmonic-mass-spectrometry-approach-for-detection-of-small-nutrients-and-toxins" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5242</span> Geological and Geotechnical Investigation of a Landslide Prone Slope Along Koraput- Rayagada Railway Track Odisha, India: A Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20P.%20Pradhan">S. P. Pradhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amulya%20Ratna%20Roul"> Amulya Ratna Roul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A number of landslides are occurring during the rainy season along Rayagada-Koraput Railway track for past three years. The track was constructed about 20 years ago. However, the protection measures are not able to control the recurring slope failures now. It leads to a loss to Indian Railway and its passengers ultimately leading to wastage of time and money. The slopes along Rayagada-Koraput track include both rock and soil slopes. The rock types include mainly Khondalite and Charnockite whereas soil slopes are mainly composed of laterite ranging from less weathered to highly weathered laterite. The field studies were carried out in one of the critical slope. Field study was followed by the kinematic analysis to assess the type of failure. Slake Durability test, Uniaxial Compression test, specific gravity test and triaxial test were done on rock samples to calculate and assess properties such as weathering index, unconfined compressive strength, density, cohesion, and friction angle. Following all the laboratory tests, rock mass rating was calculated. Further, from Kinematic analysis and Rock Mass Ratingbasic, Slope Mass Rating was proposed for each slope. The properties obtained were used to do the slope stability simulations using finite element method based modelling. After all the results, suitable protection measures, to prevent the loss due to slope failure, were suggested using the relation between Slope Mass Rating and protection measures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landslides" title="landslides">landslides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stability" title=" slope stability"> slope stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock%20mass%20rating" title=" rock mass rating"> rock mass rating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20mass%20rating" title=" slope mass rating"> slope mass rating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80826/geological-and-geotechnical-investigation-of-a-landslide-prone-slope-along-koraput-rayagada-railway-track-odisha-india-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80826.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5241</span> A Theoretical Study of Accelerating Neutrons in LINAC Using Magnetic Gradient Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chunduru%20Amareswara%20Prasad">Chunduru Amareswara Prasad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main aim of this proposal it to reveal the secrets of the universe by accelerating neutrons. The proposal idea in its abridged version speaks about the possibility of making neutrons accelerate with help of thermal energy and magnetic energy under controlled conditions. Which is helpful in revealing the hidden secrets of the universe namely dark energy and in finding properties of Higgs boson. The paper mainly speaks about accelerating neutrons to near velocity of light in a LINAC, using magnetic energy by magnetic pressurizers. The center of mass energy of two colliding neutron beams is 94 GeV (~0.5c) can be achieved using this method. The conventional ways to accelerate neutrons has some constraints in accelerating them electromagnetically as they need to be separated from the Tritium or Deuterium nuclei. This magnetic gradient method provides efficient and simple way to accelerate neutrons. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutron" title="neutron">neutron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acceleration" title=" acceleration"> acceleration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20energy" title=" thermal energy"> thermal energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20energy" title=" magnetic energy"> magnetic energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Higgs%20boson" title=" Higgs boson"> Higgs boson</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47270/a-theoretical-study-of-accelerating-neutrons-in-linac-using-magnetic-gradient-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47270.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5240</span> Evaluation of the Weight-Based and Fat-Based Indices in Relation to Basal Metabolic Rate-to-Weight Ratio</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orkide%20Donma">Orkide Donma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20M.%20Donma"> Mustafa M. Donma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Basal metabolic rate is questioned as a risk factor for weight gain. The relations between basal metabolic rate and body composition have not been cleared yet. The impact of fat mass on basal metabolic rate is also uncertain. Within this context, indices based upon total body mass as well as total body fat mass are available. In this study, the aim is to investigate the potential clinical utility of these indices in the adult population. 287 individuals, aged from 18 to 79 years, were included into the scope of the study. Based upon body mass index values, 10 underweight, 88 normal, 88 overweight, 81 obese, and 20 morbid obese individuals participated. Anthropometric measurements including height (m), and weight (kg) were performed. Body mass index, diagnostic obesity notation model assessment index I, diagnostic obesity notation model assessment index II, basal metabolic rate-to-weight ratio were calculated. Total body fat mass (kg), fat percent (%), basal metabolic rate, metabolic age, visceral adiposity, fat mass of upper as well as lower extremities and trunk, obesity degree were measured by TANITA body composition monitor using bioelectrical impedance analysis technology. Statistical evaluations were performed by statistical package (SPSS) for Windows Version 16.0. Scatterplots of individual measurements for the parameters concerning correlations were drawn. Linear regression lines were displayed. The statistical significance degree was accepted as p < 0.05. The strong correlations between body mass index and diagnostic obesity notation model assessment index I as well as diagnostic obesity notation model assessment index II were obtained (p < 0.001). A much stronger correlation was detected between basal metabolic rate and diagnostic obesity notation model assessment index I in comparison with that calculated for basal metabolic rate and body mass index (p < 0.001). Upon consideration of the associations between basal metabolic rate-to-weight ratio and these three indices, the best association was observed between basal metabolic rate-to-weight and diagnostic obesity notation model assessment index II. In a similar manner, this index was highly correlated with fat percent (p < 0.001). Being independent of the indices, a strong correlation was found between fat percent and basal metabolic rate-to-weight ratio (p < 0.001). Visceral adiposity was much strongly correlated with metabolic age when compared to that with chronological age (p < 0.001). In conclusion, all three indices were associated with metabolic age, but not with chronological age. Diagnostic obesity notation model assessment index II values were highly correlated with body mass index values throughout all ranges starting with underweight going towards morbid obesity. This index is the best in terms of its association with basal metabolic rate-to-weight ratio, which can be interpreted as basal metabolic rate unit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basal%20metabolic%20rate" title="basal metabolic rate">basal metabolic rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20mass%20index" title=" body mass index"> body mass index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnostic%20obesity%20notation%20model%20assessment%20index" title=" diagnostic obesity notation model assessment index"> diagnostic obesity notation model assessment index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obesity" title=" obesity"> obesity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101857/evaluation-of-the-weight-based-and-fat-based-indices-in-relation-to-basal-metabolic-rate-to-weight-ratio" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101857.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5239</span> Synthesis of Balanced 3-RRR Planar Parallel Manipulators</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arakelian%20Vigen">Arakelian Vigen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geng%20Jing"> Geng Jing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Le%20Baron%20Jean-Paul"> Le Baron Jean-Paul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper deals with the design of parallel manipulators with balanced inertia forces and moments. The balancing of the resultant of the inertia forces of 3-RRR planar parallel manipulators is carried out through mass redistribution and centre of mass acceleration minimization. The proposed balancing technique is achieved in two steps: at first, optimal redistribution of the masses of input links is accomplished, which ensures the similarity of the end-effector trajectory and the manipulator’s common centre of mass trajectory, then, optimal trajectory planning of the end-effector by 'bang-bang' profile is reached. In such a way, the minimization of the magnitude of the acceleration of the centre of mass of the manipulator brings about a minimization of shaking force. To minimize the resultant of the inertia moments (shaking moment), the active balancing via inertia flywheel is applied. However, in this case, the active balancing is quite different from previous applications because it provides only a partial cancellation of the shaking moment due to the incomplete balancing of shaking force. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20balancing" title="dynamic balancing">dynamic balancing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inertia%20force%20minimization" title=" inertia force minimization"> inertia force minimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inertia%20moment%20minimization" title=" inertia moment minimization"> inertia moment minimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3-RRR%20planar%20parallel%20manipulator" title=" 3-RRR planar parallel manipulator"> 3-RRR planar parallel manipulator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70145/synthesis-of-balanced-3-rrr-planar-parallel-manipulators" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70145.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5238</span> Life Cycle Assessment of Mass Timber Structure, Construction Process as System Boundary</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahboobeh%20Hemmati">Mahboobeh Hemmati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahar%20Messadi"> Tahar Messadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongmei%20Gu"> Hongmei Gu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today, life cycle assessment (LCA) is a leading method in mitigating the environmental impacts emerging from the building sector. In this paper, LCA is used to quantify the Green House Gas (GHG) emissions during the construction phase of the largest mass timber residential structure in the United States, Adohi Hall. This building is a 200,000 square foot 708-bed complex located on the campus of the University of Arkansas. The energy used for buildings’ operation is the most dominant source of emissions in the building industry. Lately, however, the efforts were successful at increasing the efficiency of building operation in terms of emissions. As a result, the attention is now shifted to the embodied carbon, which is more noticeable in the building life cycle. Unfortunately, most of the studies have, however, focused on the manufacturing stage, and only a few have addressed to date the construction process. Specifically, less data is available about environmental impacts associated with the construction of mass timber. This study presents, therefore, an assessment of the environmental impact of the construction processes based on the real and newly built mass timber building mentioned above. The system boundary of this study covers modules A4 and A5 based on building LCA standard EN 15978. Module A4 includes material and equipment transportation. Module A5 covers the construction and installation process. This research evolves through 2 stages: first, to quantify materials and equipment deployed in the building, and second, to determine the embodied carbon associated with running equipment for construction materials, both transported to, and installed on, the site where the edifice is built. The Global Warming Potential (GWP) of the building is the primary metric considered in this research. The outcomes of this study bring to the front a better understanding of hotspots in terms of emission during the construction process. Moreover, the comparative analysis of the mass timber construction process with that of a theoretically similar steel building will enable an effective assessment of the environmental efficiency of mass timber. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20process" title="construction process">construction process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GWP" title=" GWP"> GWP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LCA" title=" LCA"> LCA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20timber" title=" mass timber"> mass timber</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140663/life-cycle-assessment-of-mass-timber-structure-construction-process-as-system-boundary" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5237</span> Development of Numerical Method for Mass Transfer across the Moving Membrane with Selective Permeability: Approximation of the Membrane Shape by Level Set Method for Numerical Integral</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suguru%20Miyauchi">Suguru Miyauchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshiyuki%20Hayase"> Toshiyuki Hayase</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biological membranes have selective permeability, and the capsules or cells enclosed by the membrane show the deformation by the osmotic flow. This mass transport phenomenon is observed everywhere in a living body. For the understanding of the mass transfer in a body, it is necessary to consider the mass transfer phenomenon across the membrane as well as the deformation of the membrane by a flow. To our knowledge, in the numerical analysis, the method for mass transfer across the moving membrane has not been established due to the difficulty of the treating of the mass flux permeating through the moving membrane with selective permeability. In the existing methods for the mass transfer across the membrane, the approximate delta function is used to communicate the quantities on the interface. The methods can reproduce the permeation of the solute, but cannot reproduce the non-permeation. Moreover, the computational accuracy decreases with decreasing of the permeable coefficient of the membrane. This study aims to develop the numerical method capable of treating three-dimensional problems of mass transfer across the moving flexible membrane. One of the authors developed the numerical method with high accuracy based on the finite element method. This method can capture the discontinuity on the membrane sharply due to the consideration of the jumps in concentration and concentration gradient in the finite element discretization. The formulation of the method takes into account the membrane movement, and both permeable and non-permeable membranes can be treated. However, searching the cross points of the membrane and fluid element boundaries and splitting the fluid element into sub-elements are needed for the numerical integral. Therefore, cumbersome operation is required for a three-dimensional problem. In this paper, we proposed an improved method to avoid the search and split operations, and confirmed its effectiveness. The membrane shape was treated implicitly by introducing the level set function. As the construction of the level set function, the membrane shape in one fluid element was expressed by the shape function of the finite element method. By the numerical experiment, it was found that the shape function with third order appropriately reproduces the membrane shapes. The same level of accuracy compared with the previous method using search and split operations was achieved by using a number of sampling points of the numerical integral. The effectiveness of the method was confirmed by solving several model problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title="finite element method">finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=level%20set%20method" title=" level set method"> level set method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20transfer" title=" mass transfer"> mass transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20permeability" title=" membrane permeability"> membrane permeability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57272/development-of-numerical-method-for-mass-transfer-across-the-moving-membrane-with-selective-permeability-approximation-of-the-membrane-shape-by-level-set-method-for-numerical-integral" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57272.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5236</span> Stability of Essential Oils in Pang-Rum by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Jarmkom">K. Jarmkom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Eakwaropas"> P. Eakwaropas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Khobjai"> W. Khobjai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Techaeoi"> S. Techaeoi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ancient Thai perfumed powder was used as a fragrance for clothing, food, and the body. Plant-based natural Thai perfume products are known as Pang-Rum. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of essential oils after six months of incubation. The chemical compositions were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), in terms of the qualitative composition of the isolated essential oil. The isolation of the essential oil of natural products by incubate sample for 5 min at 40 ºC is described. The volatile components were identified by percentage of total peak areas comparing their retention times of GC chromatograph with NIST mass spectral library. The results show no significant difference in the seven chromatograms of perfumed powder (Pang-Rum) both with binder and without binder. Further identification was done by GC-MS. Some components of Pang-Rum with/without binder were changed by temperature and time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GC-MS%20analysis" title="GC-MS analysis">GC-MS analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oils" title=" essential oils"> essential oils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pang-Rum" title=" Pang-Rum"> Pang-Rum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61580/stability-of-essential-oils-in-pang-rum-by-gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61580.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5235</span> Gas Condensing Unit with Inner Heat Exchanger</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dagnija%20Blumberga">Dagnija Blumberga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toms%20Prodanuks"> Toms Prodanuks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivars%20Veidenbergs"> Ivars Veidenbergs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andra%20Blumberga"> Andra Blumberga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gas condensing units with inner tubes heat exchangers represent third generation technology and differ from second generation heat and mass transfer units, which are fulfilled by passive filling material layer. The first one improves heat and mass transfer by increasing cooled contact surface of gas and condensate drops and film formed in inner tubes heat exchanger. This paper presents a selection of significant factors which influence the heat and mass transfer. Experimental planning is based on the research and analysis of main three independent variables; velocity of water and gas as well as density of spraying. Empirical mathematical models show that the coefficient of heat transfer is used as dependent parameter which depends on two independent variables; water and gas velocity. Empirical model is proved by the use of experimental data of two independent gas condensing units in Lithuania and Russia. Experimental data are processed by the use of heat transfer criteria-Kirpichov number. Results allow drawing the graphical nomogram for the calculation of heat and mass transfer conditions in the innovative and energy efficient gas cooling unit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20condensing%20unit" title="gas condensing unit">gas condensing unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filling" title=" filling"> filling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inner%20heat%20exchanger" title=" inner heat exchanger"> inner heat exchanger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=package" title=" package"> package</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spraying" title=" spraying"> spraying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunes" title=" tunes"> tunes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56372/gas-condensing-unit-with-inner-heat-exchanger" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5234</span> Establishment of Decision Support Center for Managing Natural Hazard Consequence in Kuwait</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Alenezi">Abdullah Alenezi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mane%20Alsudrawi"> Mane Alsudrawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafat%20Misak"> Rafat Misak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kuwait is faced with a potentially wide and harmful range of both natural and anthropogenic hazardous events such as dust storms, floods, fires, nuclear accidents, earthquakes, oil spills, tsunamis and other disasters. For Kuwait can be highly vulnerable to these complex environmental risks, an up-to-date and in-depth understanding of their typology, genesis, and impact on the Kuwaiti society is needed. Adequate anticipation and management of environmental crises further require a comprehensive system of decision support to the benefit of decision makers to further bridge the gap between (technical) risk understanding and public action. For that purpose, the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), intends to establish a decision support center for management of the environmental crisis in Kuwait. The center will support policy makers, stakeholders and national committees with technical information that helps them efficiently and effectively assess, monitor to manage environmental disasters using decision support tools. These tools will build on state of the art quantification and visualization techniques, such as remote sensing information, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), simulation and prediction models, early warning systems, etc. The center is conceived as a central facility which will be designed, operated and managed by KISR in coordination with national authorities and decision makers of the country. Our vision is that by 2035 the center will be recognized as a leading national source of scientific advice on national risk management in Kuwait and build unity of effort among Kuwaiti’s institutions, government agencies, public and private organizations through provision and sharing of information. The project team now focuses on capacity building through upgrading some KISR facilities manpower development, build strong collaboration with international alliance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20support" title="decision support">decision support</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hazard" title=" hazard"> hazard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuwait" title=" Kuwait"> Kuwait</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56827/establishment-of-decision-support-center-for-managing-natural-hazard-consequence-in-kuwait" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5233</span> Narrating Atatürk Cultural Center as a Place of Memory and a Space of Politics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Birge%20Yildirim%20Okta">Birge Yildirim Okta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to narrate the story of Atatürk Cultural Center in Taksim Square, which was demolished in 2018 and discuss its architectonic as a social place of memory and its existence and demolishment as the space of politics. The paper uses narrative discourse analysis to research Atatürk Cultural Center (AKM) as a place of memory and space of politics from the establishment of the Turkish Republic (1923) until today. After the establishment of the Turkish Republic, one of the most important implementations in Taksim Square, reflecting the internationalist style, was the construction of the Opera Building in Prost Plan. The first design of the opera building belonged to Aguste Perret, which could not be implemented due to economic hardship during World War II. Later the project was designed by architects Feridun Kip and Rüknettin Güney in 1946 but could not be completed due to the 1960 military coup. Later the project was shifted to another architect Hayati Tabanlıoglu, with a change in its function as a cultural center. Eventually, the construction of the building was completed in 1969 in a completely different design. AKM became a symbol of republican modernism not only with its modern architectural style but also with it is function as the first opera building of the Republic, reflecting the western, modern cultural heritage by professional groups, artists, and the intelligentsia. In 2005, Istanbul’s council for the protection of cultural heritage decided to list AKM as a grade 1 cultural heritage, ending a period of controversy which saw calls for the demolition of the center as it was claimed, it ended its useful lifespan. In 2008 the building was announced to be closed for repairs and restoration. Over the following years, the building was demolished piece by piece silently while the Taksim mosque has been built just in front of Atatürk Cultural Center. Belonging to the early republican period AKM was a representation of the cultural production of modern society for the emergence and westward looking, secular public space in Turkey. Its erasure from the Taksim scene under the rule of the conservative government, Justice, and Development Party, and the construction of the Taksim mosque in front of AKM’s parcel is also representational. The question of governing the city through space has always been an important aspect for governments, those holding political power since cities are the chaotic environments that are seen as a threat for the governments, carrying the tensions of the proletariat or the contradictory groups. The story of AKM as a dispositive or a regulatory apparatus demonstrates how space itself is becoming a political medium, to transform the socio-political condition. The paper narrates the existence and demolishment of the Atatürk Cultural Center by discussing the constructed and demolished building as a place of memory and space of politics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20of%20politics" title="space of politics">space of politics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=place%20of%20memory" title=" place of memory"> place of memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atat%C3%BCrk%20Cultural%20Center" title=" Atatürk Cultural Center"> Atatürk Cultural Center</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taksim%20square" title=" Taksim square"> Taksim square</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collective%20memory" title=" collective memory "> collective memory </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116705/narrating-ataturk-cultural-center-as-a-place-of-memory-and-a-space-of-politics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116705.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5232</span> Mg and MgN₃ Cluster in Diamond: Quantum Mechanical Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20S.%20Almutairi">T. S. Almutairi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20May"> Paul May</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neil%20Allan"> Neil Allan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The geometrical, electronic and magnetic properties of the neutral Mg center and MgN₃ cluster in diamond have been studied theoretically in detail by means of an HSE06 Hamiltonian that includes a fraction of the exact exchange term; this is important for a satisfactory picture of the electronic states of open-shell systems. Another batch of the calculations by GGA functionals have also been included for comparison, and these support the results from HSE06. The local perturbations in the lattice by introduced Mg defect are restricted in the first and second shell of atoms before eliminated. The formation energy calculated with HSE06 and GGA of single Mg agrees with the previous result. We found the triplet state with C₃ᵥ is the ground state of Mg center with energy lower than the singlet with C₂ᵥ by ~ 0.1 eV. The recent experimental ZPL (557.4 nm) of Mg center in diamond has been discussed in the view of present work. The analysis of the band-structure of the MgN₃ cluster confirms that the MgN₃ defect introduces a shallow donor level in the gap lying within the conduction band edge. This observation is supported by the EMM that produces n-type levels shallower than the P donor level. The formation energy of MgN₂ calculated from a 2NV defect (~ 3.6 eV) is a promising value from which to engineer MgN₃ defects inside the diamond. Ion-implantation followed by heating to about 1200-1600°C might induce migration of N related defects to the localized Mg center. Temperature control is needed for this process to restore the damage and ensure the mobilities of V and N, which demands a more precise experimental study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empirical%20marker%20method" title="empirical marker method">empirical marker method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalised%20gradient%20approximation" title=" generalised gradient approximation"> generalised gradient approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heyd%E2%80%93Scuseria%E2%80%93Ernzerhof%20screened%20hybrid%20functional" title=" Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof screened hybrid functional"> Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof screened hybrid functional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero%20phono%20line" title=" zero phono line"> zero phono line</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108445/mg-and-mgn3-cluster-in-diamond-quantum-mechanical-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108445.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5231</span> Heeled Shoes and The Sexes: Differences in Gait Implications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonathan%20de%20Rothewelle">Jonathan de Rothewelle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heeled shoes are notoriously bad for physical health. The vast majority of Americans have suffered lower extremity pain at some point in their lives; women have been in pain for centuries. More recently, however, with an increase in number due to cultural shifts in acceptability, more men wear heeled shoes. Men who wear heels (MWWH) also suffer lower limb pain. In my hypothesis, their pathologies should be treated as unique due to males’ difference in body mass, center of gravity, posture, gait, and foot anatomy when compared with their female counterparts. These differences alone warrant a closer examination of the pathologies associated with the wearing of heeled shoes among male populations. This research performs a broad literature review on the differences between male and female anatomy and discusses implications on heel wearing. This research discusses the need for further inquiry and makes recommendations for future study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heeled%20shoes" title="heeled shoes">heeled shoes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gait" title=" gait"> gait</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathologies" title=" pathologies"> pathologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20sex" title=" biological sex"> biological sex</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161477/heeled-shoes-and-the-sexes-differences-in-gait-implications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161477.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5230</span> Computational Fluid Dynamic Modeling of Mixing Enhancement by Stimulation of Ferrofluid under Magnetic Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neda%20Azimi">Neda Azimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoud%20Rahimi"> Masoud Rahimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faezeh%20Mohammadi"> Faezeh Mohammadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was performed to investigate the effect of ferrofluid stimulation on hydrodynamic and mass transfer characteristics of two immiscible liquid phases in a Y-micromixer. The main purpose of this work was to develop a numerical model that is able to simulate hydrodynamic of the ferrofluid flow under magnetic field and determine its effect on mass transfer characteristics. A uniform external magnetic field was applied perpendicular to the flow direction. The volume of fluid (VOF) approach was used for simulating the multiphase flow of ferrofluid and two-immiscible liquid flows. The geometric reconstruction scheme (Geo-Reconstruct) based on piecewise linear interpolation (PLIC) was used for reconstruction of the interface in the VOF approach. The mass transfer rate was defined via an equation as a function of mass concentration gradient of the transported species and added into the phase interaction panel using the user-defined function (UDF). The magnetic field was solved numerically by Fluent MHD module based on solving the magnetic induction equation method. CFD results were validated by experimental data and good agreements have been achieved, which maximum relative error for extraction efficiency was about 7.52 %. It was showed that ferrofluid actuation by a magnetic field can be considered as an efficient mixing agent for liquid-liquid two-phase mass transfer in microdevices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD%20modeling" title="CFD modeling">CFD modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrodynamic" title=" hydrodynamic"> hydrodynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micromixer" title=" micromixer"> micromixer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferrofluid" title=" ferrofluid"> ferrofluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing" title=" mixing"> mixing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102582/computational-fluid-dynamic-modeling-of-mixing-enhancement-by-stimulation-of-ferrofluid-under-magnetic-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102582.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5229</span> Assessment of Predictive Confounders for the Prevalence of Breast Cancer among Iraqi Population: A Retrospective Study from Baghdad, Iraq </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20H.%20Mohammed">Nadia H. Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anmar%20Al-Taie"> Anmar Al-Taie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fadia%20H.%20Al-Sultany"> Fadia H. Al-Sultany</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although breast cancer prevalence continues to increase, mortality has been decreasing as a result of early detection and improvement in adjuvant systemic therapy. Nevertheless, this disease required further efforts to understand and identify the associated potential risk factors that could play a role in the prevalence of this malignancy among Iraqi women. The objective of this study was to assess the perception of certain predictive risk factors on the prevalence of breast cancer types among a sample of Iraqi women diagnosed with breast cancer. This was a retrospective observational study carried out at National Cancer Research Center in College of Medicine, Baghdad University from November 2017 to January 2018. Data of 100 patients with breast cancer whose biopsies examined in the National Cancer Research Center were included in this study. Data were collected to structure a detailed assessment regarding the patients’ demographic, medical and cancer records. The majority of study participants (94%) suffered from ductal breast cancer with mean age 49.57 years. Among those women, 48.9% were obese with body mass index (BMI) 35 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. 68.1% of them had positive family history of breast cancer and 66% had low parity. 40.4% had stage II ductal breast cancer followed by 25.5% with stage III. It was found that 59.6% and 68.1% had positive oestrogen receptor sensitivity and positive human epidermal growth factor (HER2/neu) receptor sensitivity respectively. In regard to the impact of prediction of certain variables on the incidence of ductal breast cancer, positive family history of breast cancer (P < 0.0001), low parity (P< 0.0001), stage I and II breast cancer (P = 0.02) and positive HER2/neu status (P < 0.0001) were significant predictive factors among the study participants. The results from this study provide relevant evidence for a significant positive and potential association between certain risk factors and the prevalence of breast cancer among Iraqi women. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ductal%20Breast%20Cancer" title="Ductal Breast Cancer">Ductal Breast Cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hormone%20Sensitivity" title=" Hormone Sensitivity"> Hormone Sensitivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iraq" title=" Iraq"> Iraq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Risk%20Factors" title=" Risk Factors"> Risk Factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106915/assessment-of-predictive-confounders-for-the-prevalence-of-breast-cancer-among-iraqi-population-a-retrospective-study-from-baghdad-iraq" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106915.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5228</span> Effect of Hydraulic Diameter on Flow Boiling Instability in a Single Microtube with Vertical Upward Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qian%20You">Qian You</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Hassan"> Ibrahim Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lyes%20Kadem"> Lyes Kadem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An experiment is conducted to fundamentally investigate flow oscillation characteristics in different sizes of single microtubes in vertical upward flow direction. Three microtubes have 0.889 mm, 0.533 mm, and 0.305 mm hydraulic diameters with 100 mm identical heated length. The mass flux of the working fluid FC-72 varies from 700 kg/m2•s to 1400 kg/m2•s, and the heat flux is uniformly applied on the tube surface up to 9.4 W/cm2. The subcooled inlet temperature is maintained around 24°C during the experiment. The effect of hydraulic diameter and mass flux are studied. The results showed that they have interactions on the flow oscillations occurrence and behaviors. The onset of flow instability (OFI), which is a threshold of unstable flow, usually appears in large microtube with diversified and sustained flow oscillations, while the transient point, which is the point when the flow turns from one stable state to another suddenly, is more observed in small microtube without characterized flow oscillations due to the bubble confinement. The OFI/transient point occurs early as hydraulic diameter reduces at a given mass flux. The increased mass flux can delay the OFI/transient point occurrence in large hydraulic diameter, but no significant effect in small size. Although the only transient point is observed in the smallest tube, it appears at small heat flux and is not sensitive to mass flux; hence, the smallest microtube is not recommended since increasing heat flux may cause local dryout. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20boiling%20instability" title="flow boiling instability">flow boiling instability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulic%20diameter%20effect" title=" hydraulic diameter effect"> hydraulic diameter effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=a%20single%20microtube" title=" a single microtube"> a single microtube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20upward%20flow" title=" vertical upward flow"> vertical upward flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29887/effect-of-hydraulic-diameter-on-flow-boiling-instability-in-a-single-microtube-with-vertical-upward-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29887.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">600</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5227</span> Improving Carbon Dioxide Mass Transfer in Open Pond Raceway Systems for Improved Algal Productivity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Middleton">William Middleton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nodumo%20Zulu"> Nodumo Zulu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sue%20Harrison"> Sue Harrison</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Open raceway ponds are currently the most used system for the commercial cultivation of algal biomass, as it is a cost-effective means of production. However, raceway ponds suffer from lower algal productivity when compared to closed photobioreactors. This is due to poor gas exchange between the fluid and the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) mass transfer is a large concern in the production of algae in raceway pond systems. The utilization of atmospheric CO₂ does not support maximal growth; however, CO₂ supplementation in the form of flue gas or concentrated CO₂ is not cost-effective. The introduction of slopes into the raceway system presents a possible improvement to the mass transfer from the air, as seen in previous work conducted at CeBER. Slopes improve turbulence (decreasing the concentration gradient of dissolved CO₂) and can cause air entrainment (allowing for greater surface area and contact time between the air and water). This project tests the findings of previous studies conducted in an indoor lab-scale raceway on a larger scale under outdoor conditions. The addition of slopes resulted in slightly increased CO₂ mass transfer as well as algal growth rate and productivity. However, there were reductions in energy consumption and average fluid velocity in the system. These results indicate a potential to improve the economic feasibility of algal biomass production, but further economic assessment would need to be carried out. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algae" title="algae">algae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=raceway%20ponds" title=" raceway ponds"> raceway ponds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20transfer" title=" mass transfer"> mass transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algal%20culture" title=" algal culture"> algal culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biotechnology" title=" biotechnology"> biotechnology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactor%20design" title=" reactor design"> reactor design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169663/improving-carbon-dioxide-mass-transfer-in-open-pond-raceway-systems-for-improved-algal-productivity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5226</span> Entropy Generation Analysis of Heat Recovery Vapor Generator for Ammonia-Water Mixture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chul%20Ho%20Han">Chul Ho Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyoung%20Hoon%20Kim"> Kyoung Hoon Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper carries out a performance analysis based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics for heat recovery vapor generator (HRVG) of ammonia-water mixture when the heat source is low-temperature energy in the form of sensible heat. In the analysis, effects of the ammonia mass concentration and mass flow ratio of the binary mixture are investigated on the system performance including the effectiveness of heat transfer, entropy generation, and exergy efficiency. The results show that the ammonia concentration and the mass flow ratio of the mixture have significant effects on the system performance of HRVG. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy" title="entropy">entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exergy" title=" exergy"> exergy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ammonia-water%20mixture" title=" ammonia-water mixture"> ammonia-water mixture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20exchanger" title=" heat exchanger "> heat exchanger </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10866/entropy-generation-analysis-of-heat-recovery-vapor-generator-for-ammonia-water-mixture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10866.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5225</span> The Effect of Global Solar Variations on the Performance of n- AlGaAs/ p-GaAs Solar Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Guechi">A. Guechi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Chegaar"> M. Chegaar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates how AlGaAs/GaAs thin film solar cells perform under varying global solar spectrum due to the changes of environmental parameters such as the air mass and the atmospheric turbidity. The solar irradiance striking the solar cell is simulated using the spectral irradiance model SMARTS2 (Simple Model of the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer of Sunshine) for clear skies on the site of Setif (Algeria). The results show a reduction in the short circuit current due to increasing atmospheric turbidity, it is 63.09% under global radiation. However increasing air mass leads to a reduction in the short circuit current of 81.73%.The efficiency decrease with increasing atmospheric turbidity and air mass. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AlGaAs%2FGaAs" title="AlGaAs/GaAs">AlGaAs/GaAs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20cells" title=" solar cells"> solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20parameters" title=" environmental parameters"> environmental parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20variation" title=" spectral variation"> spectral variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SMARTS" title=" SMARTS"> SMARTS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13863/the-effect-of-global-solar-variations-on-the-performance-of-n-algaas-p-gaas-solar-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5224</span> SEC-MALLS Study of Hyaluronic Acid and BSA Thermal Degradation in Powder and in Solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vasile%20Simulescu">Vasile Simulescu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jakub%20Mondek"> Jakub Mondek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miloslav%20Peka%C5%99"> Miloslav Pekař</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an anionic glycosaminoglycan distributed throughout connective, epithelial and neural tissues. The importance of hyaluronic acid increased in the last decades. It has many applications in medicine and cosmetics. Hyaluronic acid has been used in attempts to treat osteoarthritis of the knee via injecting it into the joint. Bovine serum albumin (also known as BSA) is a protein derived from cows, which has many biochemical applications. The aim of our research work was to compare the thermal degradation of hyaluronic acid and BSA in powder and in solution, by determining changes in molar mass and conformation, by using SEC-MALLS (size exclusion chromatography -multi angle laser light scattering). The aim of our research work was to observe the degradation in powder and in solution of different molar mass hyaluronic acid samples, at different temperatures for certain periods. The degradation of the analyzed samples was mainly observed by modifications in molar mass. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20degradation" title="thermal degradation">thermal degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyaluronic%20acid" title=" hyaluronic acid"> hyaluronic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BSA" title=" BSA"> BSA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEC-MALLS" title=" SEC-MALLS"> SEC-MALLS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20733/sec-malls-study-of-hyaluronic-acid-and-bsa-thermal-degradation-in-powder-and-in-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20733.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">505</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5223</span> A Xenon Mass Gauging through Heat Transfer Modeling for Electric Propulsion Thrusters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Soria-Salinas">A. Soria-Salinas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.-P.%20Zorzano"> M.-P. Zorzano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Mart%C3%ADn-Torres"> J. Martín-Torres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20S%C3%A1nchez-Garc%C3%ADa-Casarrubios"> J. Sánchez-García-Casarrubios</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.-L.%20P%C3%A9rez-D%C3%ADaz"> J.-L. Pérez-Díaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Vakkada-Ramachandran"> A. Vakkada-Ramachandran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current state-of-the-art methods of mass gauging of Electric Propulsion (EP) propellants in microgravity conditions rely on external measurements that are taken at the surface of the tank. The tanks are operated under a constant thermal duty cycle to store the propellant within a pre-defined temperature and pressure range. We demonstrate using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations that the heat-transfer within the pressurized propellant generates temperature and density anisotropies. This challenges the standard mass gauging methods that rely on the use of time changing skin-temperatures and pressures. We observe that the domes of the tanks are prone to be overheated, and that a long time after the heaters of the thermal cycle are switched off, the system reaches a quasi-equilibrium state with a more uniform density. We propose a new gauging method, which we call the Improved PVT method, based on universal physics and thermodynamics principles, existing TRL-9 technology and telemetry data. This method only uses as inputs the temperature and pressure readings of sensors externally attached to the tank. These sensors can operate during the nominal thermal duty cycle. The improved PVT method shows little sensitivity to the pressure sensor drifts which are critical towards the end-of-life of the missions, as well as little sensitivity to systematic temperature errors. The retrieval method has been validated experimentally with CO<sub>2</sub> in gas and fluid state in a chamber that operates up to 82 bar within a nominal thermal cycle of 38 °C to 42 °C. The mass gauging error is shown to be lower than 1% the mass at the beginning of life, assuming an initial tank load at 100 bar. In particular, for a pressure of about 70 bar, just below the critical pressure of CO<sub>2</sub>, the error of the mass gauging in gas phase goes down to 0.1% and for 77 bar, just above the critical point, the error of the mass gauging of the liquid phase is 0.6% of initial tank load. This gauging method improves by a factor of 8 the accuracy of the standard PVT retrievals using look-up tables with tabulated data from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20propulsion" title="electric propulsion">electric propulsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20gauging" title=" mass gauging"> mass gauging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propellant" title=" propellant"> propellant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVT" title=" PVT"> PVT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xenon" title=" xenon"> xenon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62668/a-xenon-mass-gauging-through-heat-transfer-modeling-for-electric-propulsion-thrusters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62668.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5222</span> Review on Crew Scheduling of Bus Transit: A Case Study in Kolkata</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sapan%20Tiwari">Sapan Tiwari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Namrata%20Ghosh"> Namrata Ghosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In urban mass transit, crew scheduling always plays a significant role. It deals with the formulation of work timetables for its staff so that an organization can meet the demand for its products or services. The efficient schedules of a specified timetable have an enormous impact on staff demand. It implies that an urban mass transit company's financial outcomes are strongly associated with planning operations in the region. The research aims to demonstrate the state of the crew scheduling studies and its practical implementation in mass transit businesses in metropolitan areas. First, there is a short overview of past studies in the field. Subsequently, the restrictions and problems with crew scheduling and some models, which have been developed to solve the related issues with their mathematical formulation, are defined. The comments are completed by a description of the solution opportunities provided by computer-aided scheduling program systems for operational use and exposures from urban mass transit organizations. Furthermore, Bus scheduling is performed using the Hungarian technique of problem-solving tasks and mathematical modeling. Afterward, the crew scheduling problem, which consists of developing duties using predefined tasks with set start and end times and places, is resolved. Each duty has to comply with a set line of work. The objective is to minimize a mixture of fixed expenses (number of duties) and varying costs. After the optimization of cost, the outcome of the research is that the same frequency can be provided with fewer buses and less workforce. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crew%20scheduling" title="crew scheduling">crew scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=duty" title=" duty"> duty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization%20of%20cost" title=" optimization of cost"> optimization of cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20mass%20transit" title=" urban mass transit"> urban mass transit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111901/review-on-crew-scheduling-of-bus-transit-a-case-study-in-kolkata" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111901.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5221</span> Evaluation of Durability Performance for Bio-Energy Co-Product</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo%20Yang">Bo Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hali%CC%87l%20Ceylan"> Hali̇l Ceylan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Ulvi%CC%87%20Uzer"> Ali Ulvi̇ Uzer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of biofuel co-products (BCPs) with sulfur-free lignin addition on the unconsolidated on strength and durability behavior in pavement soil stabilization subjected to freezing–thawing cycles. For strength behavior, a series of unconfined compression tests were conducted. Mass losses were also calculated after freezing–thawing cycles as criteria for durability behavior. To investigate the effect of the biofuel co-products on the durability behavior of the four type’s soils, mass losses were calculated after 12 freezing–thawing cycles. The co-products tested are promising additives for improving durability under freeze-thaw conditions, and each type has specific advantages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durability" title="durability">durability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20lose" title=" mass lose"> mass lose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freezing%E2%80%93thawing%20test" title=" freezing–thawing test"> freezing–thawing test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-energy%20co-product" title=" bio-energy co-product"> bio-energy co-product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20stabilization" title=" soil stabilization"> soil stabilization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43481/evaluation-of-durability-performance-for-bio-energy-co-product" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43481.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5220</span> Boryl Radical-Promoted Dehydroxylative Alkylation of 3-Hydroxyoxindole Derivatives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tesfaye%20Tebeka%20Simur">Tesfaye Tebeka Simur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tian-Yu%20Peng"> Tian-Yu Peng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Feng%20Wang"> Yi-Feng Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiu-Wei%20Wu"> Xiu-Wei Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feng-Lian%20Zhang"> Feng-Lian Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A boryl radical-promoted dehydroxylative alkylation of 3-hydroxy-oxindole derivatives is achieved. The reaction starts from addition of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)-boryl radical to the amide carbonyl oxygen atom, which induces a spin-center shift process to promote the C−O bond cleavage. The elimination of a hydroxide anion from a free hydroxy group is also accomplished. Capture of the generated carbon radical with alkenes furnishes a variety of C-3 alkylated oxindoles. This method features a simple operation and broad substrate scope. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boryl%20radical" title="boryl radical">boryl radical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C-O" title=" C-O"> C-O</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C-F" title=" C-F"> C-F</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C%3DC" title=" C=C"> C=C</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C%3DN%20bond%20activation" title=" C=N bond activation"> C=N bond activation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spin%20center%20shift" title=" spin center shift"> spin center shift</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166794/boryl-radical-promoted-dehydroxylative-alkylation-of-3-hydroxyoxindole-derivatives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5219</span> Derivation of Neutrino Mass Parameters from the Study of Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabin%20Stoica">Sabin Stoica</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper the theoretical challenges in the study of neutrinoless double beta decay are reviewed. Then, new upper limits of the neutrino mass parameters in the case of three isotopes are derived; 48Ca, 76Ge, and 82Se, assuming two possible mechanisms of occurrence of this nuclear process, namely the exchange of i) light left-handed neutrinos and ii) heavy right-handed neutrinos, between two nucleons inside the nucleus. The derivation is based on accurate calculations of the phase space factors and nuclear matrix elements performed with new high-performance computer codes, which are described in more detail in recent publications. These results are useful both for a better understanding of the scale of neutrino absolute mass and for the planning of future double beta decay experiments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20beta%20decay" title="double beta decay">double beta decay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutrino%20properties" title=" neutrino properties"> neutrino properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nuclear%20matrix%20elements" title=" nuclear matrix elements"> nuclear matrix elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20space%20factors" title=" phase space factors "> phase space factors </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22330/derivation-of-neutrino-mass-parameters-from-the-study-of-neutrinoless-double-beta-decay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22330.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">600</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5218</span> Tackling Corruption in Nigeria Using Social Studies and Other Agents of Socialization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joshua%20Garba%20Dodo">Joshua Garba Dodo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Corruption has become endemic in Nigeria, affecting almost all facets of the society, thereby thwarting the effort of national development. The thrust of this paper, therefore, is to see how corruption can be brought to its barest minimum if not totally eradicated using social studies and other agents of socialization. In doing that, the paper defines the concepts of corruption, social studies, and socialization. Discourse on the causes of corruption and the effect on national development is made. The paper examines the role of social studies, family, and the mass media in tackling corruption. The paper also asserts that if an aggressive campaign is mounted by the mass media as a way of supporting the present government in her effort to solve the corruption problem in the country, it will help in changing the psyche of the citizenry about corruption. Finally, the paper recommends, among others, that families and communities should sanction their sons and daughters involved in corrupt practices if proven by a competent court of law. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corruption" title="corruption">corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20studies" title=" social studies"> social studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family" title=" family"> family</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20media" title=" mass media"> mass media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socialization" title=" socialization"> socialization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151376/tackling-corruption-in-nigeria-using-social-studies-and-other-agents-of-socialization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151376.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5217</span> Torsional Design Method of Asymmetric and Irregular Building under Horizontal Earthquake Action</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radhwane%20Boudjelthia">Radhwane Boudjelthia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based upon elaborate analysis on torsional design methods of asymmetric and irregular structure under horizontal earthquake action, it points out that the main design principles of an asymmetric building subjected to horizontal earthquake are: the torsion of vertical members induced by the torsion angle of the floor (rigid diaphragm) cannot exceed the allowable value, the inter-story displacement at outermost frame or shear wall should be less than that required by design code, stresses in plane of the slab should be controlled within acceptable extent under different intensity earthquakes. That current seismic design code only utilizes the torsion displacement ratio to control the floor torsion, which seems not reasonable enough since its connotation is the multiple of the floor torsion angle and the distance of floor mass center to the edge frame or shear wall. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title="earthquake">earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building" title=" building"> building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20forces" title=" seismic forces"> seismic forces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=displacement" title=" displacement"> displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resonance" title=" resonance"> resonance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response" title=" response"> response</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44567/torsional-design-method-of-asymmetric-and-irregular-building-under-horizontal-earthquake-action" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44567.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=center%20of%20mass&page=7" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=center%20of%20mass&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=center%20of%20mass&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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